SU1244243A2 - Bulldozer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to road construction machines, in particular to earth-moving machines such as bulldozers, and is an improvement of the invention according to the author. St. No. 1105564.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the bulldozer.

FIG. 1 shows a bulldozer, side view; in fig. 2 -: same plan view; in fig. 3 - principle hydraulic circuit of the dozer; in fig. 4 is a section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 2; in fig. b - technological scheme of the bulldozer operation when cleaning the surface from snow, sand and shrub vegetation; in fig. 7 - the same, when removing boulders and stumps from the ground; in fig. 8 - the same, when laying hollows; in fig. 9 - the same, when laying furrows; in fig. 10 - the same, when working with a straight blade and stripping the wall and bottom of the trenches; in fig. 11 - the same, when planning slopes of various bedding and leveling of cavaliers; in fig. 12 - the same, with the passage of niches; in fig. 13 - niche, cross section.

The bulldozer contains a base chassis 1, a puller, a second frame 2 with a blade 3, hydraulic cylinders 4 lifting and hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 of changing the cutting angle and turning. At the front of the pusher, its frame 2 is set arcuate yush 7 with end plugs 8, in which two sliders 9 are connected, connected by hinges 10 with blade 3. On the pushing frame 2 two swivels 11 are also mounted, each with horizontal and vertical axes rotation on which are installed hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 of the cutting angle and reversal, the rods of which are mounted on the top of the blade 3 by means of universal joints. The blade 3 is made of rigidly connected left 12 and right 13 wings, which are located under each other breakage of at least 90 °.

The hydraulic drive of the bulldozer consists of a pumping unit 14, valves 15 and 16 with positions A, B, C, D for controlling hydraulic cylinders 4 and hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 with cavities D, E, F, I, and also distributor 17 with positions K , L.

Positions A, B, C, D of the distributor 15 provide the corresponding positions of the blade 3: "Float," Lower, "Neutral," Raise. Positions A of the distributor 16 are not used, positions B, C, D provide the corresponding positions of the blade: "Lifting," Neutral, "Lowering. In position B of the distributor 16, the blade 3 is turned to the right, in position C - operation is with a turned or directly mounted blade, and in position D - the blade 3 is turned to the left.

In the position K of the distributor 17, the same cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 are in common

shy with each other, in the position L with each other opposite cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are communicated. Position K of the distributor 17 is working and serves to adjust the required angle of installation (reversal) of the blade 3. Position L is adjustment and serves to move the blade to the side and return it to the center of the machine.

The bulldozer works as follows.

0 Simultaneous hydraulic feed

Fluids in rodless cavities of hydraulic cylinders 4 produce the transfer of the blade 3 from the transport position to the working position, and moving the base chassis 1 forward - the necessary work of the blade.

To change the installation angle of the blade 3 in the plan, hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 of the cutting angle are used. When fluid is supplied to the rodless cavity I of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the rod cavity D of the hydraulic cylinder 6 pro0, the blade 3 is turned to the left, and when the fluid is supplied to the opposite cavities E, Z of these cylinders, the blade 3 is turned to the right.

If it is necessary to change the cutting angle regardless of the position in which

5, a blade 3 is installed, hydraulic fluid is simultaneously supplied to rodless E, I or rod C, D cavities of hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6. After any movements of the blade 3, it is necessary to check the correctness of its cutting angle setting, since hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 load the blade 3 relative to the hinges 10 oppositely directed unequal forces, which may cause some change in the cutting angle. Check and tune

carried out in the course of work, which does not reflect on performance.

To transfer the blade 3 to the transport position, it must be installed symmetrically to the axis of the machine, supplying hydraulic fluid to the corresponding opposite cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6. It is possible to install to the transport position only a symmetrically mounted dump to avoid overloading the drive and emergency situations on the roads associated with significant removal of the blade 3 for the size of the base chassis 1.

When constructing the structure, it is necessary to position the vertical axes of the swivels 11 as close as possible to the geometric axis O

0 of the center of the bend of the Yushi 7, since this reduces the kinematic moves of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 caused by the turning of the blade 3. Simultaneously, the arms of the forces of the hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 change over the center of O. When turning

5 to the right (Fig. 2), the shoulder L at the beginning of the turn is converted into the shoulder L, and the shoulder 1h is converted into the shoulder and. U shoulder is critical: the position of the swivel 11 mount

0

the cylinder 5 must be such that at the end of the movement of the blade 3 to the right, the value of the arm is positive. Swivels 11 should be positioned symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the base chassis 1, on which the center of rotation 0 is located.

The hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6, when the hydraulic fluid is fed into their opposite cavities (D, I or E, G) relative to the axis O, create a moment of one sign, which ensures unimpeded movement of the blade to the turned position and back.

With a symmetrically mounted dump 3, the bulldozer can clean the surface of the ground from snow, humus layer and shrub vegetation, and also be used as a track-laying machine (Fig. 6) due to the possibility of having the blade 3 parallel to the surface of the soil at a required distance higher or lower than this surface.

When the dump 3 is symmetrically mounted and toed down the dump 3, the bulldozer can be used to remove boulders, stumps, etc. from the ground, and also to be used as a kirkovshik (Fig. 7). The necessary pull-out force can be created both by the hydraulic cylinders 5 and 6 of the cutting angle and by the hydraulic cylinders 4 of the lift. At the specified position of the blade, the bulldozer can also serve as a hollowing device, a cuvette 5

7

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the plotter (including fire ditches) and the recovery cuvettes (Fig. 8), wherein the presence of the possibility of shifting the blade 3 to the side makes it possible to change the laying of the slopes of the small ditches in the wide range.

When the dump 3 is symmetrically mounted and toed up the blade 3, the bulldozer can be used as a furrow; in this case, it cuts two furrows at once with the free ends of sections 12 and 13 (Fig. 9).

When turned to the right or left side of the blade 3, the machine operates as a regular bulldozer with a straight blade. The non-working wing 12 or 13 of the blade 3 can be simultaneously used to clean the trench wall (Fig. 10). At the same position, when the heap 3 is not yet transferred to the extreme position, the grader work on leveling cavaliers and backfilling of grooves, as well as on embankments, dams and parapet formations is done by bulldozer, and the laying of slopes of erected structures being built may be different (Fig. eleven).

The bulldozer can be used to create niches with a vertical or inclined dirt wall, and niches (ground covers) can be made with an arc or rectilinear rear wall and be developed to the height of the raised blade (Fig. 12).

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Compiled by A. Tolmachyov

Editor A. OgarTehred I. VeresKorrektor I. Erdeyi

Order 3780/31 Circulation 641Subscription

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

on 13 acquisitions and discoveries

113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5

Branch PPP "Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (1)

Bulldozer St. No. 110556 ^ characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities, the blade is made of rigidly connected wings, which are located at an angle of not less than 90 °.