SU1239239A1 - Three-dimensional roof for buildings and structures - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to construction and can be used as a coating for buildings and structures.

The aim of the invention is to increase the spatial rigidity and increase the span.

FIG. 1 shows the shaping of the central element of the coating, axonometric; in fig. 2 - shaping of sidewall elements of the coating, axonometric; in fig. 3 - spatial coverage, general view, axonometric; in fig. 4 is a cross-section along the diagonal of the floor; in fig. 5 - knot of the cruciform element.

The central element 1 of the coating is formed by shells 2 and 3, the longitudinal axes 4 and 5 of which intersect in the center 6 of the coating, while they form a cruciform shape in plan. These shells can be delineated on surfaces having the same or different curvature in two directions; in the latter case, kinks along the diagonal of m 7 of the coating are formed at the interface of the shells.

The side elements 8 consist of two halves and are angular fragments of a closed arch with lancet breaks 9 of the surface located along the diagonal 7 of the cover. This mutual arrangement of the central and lateral elements forms a combined covering with a plan close to the square. A polygonal plan shape is also possible. At the corners of the covering there are counterforts or columns 10. The side elements can be made in the form of 9 articulated arches with edges 11 pairwise intersecting the kinks, the latter intersecting at points 12 along the perimeter of the surface at its intersection with the side lines 13 of the side elements . In the center of the covering under the shell there may be a cruciform element 14, the ends 5 of which are rigidly matched at the corners of the side elements.

In the center of the coating and in the middle of the contour there is a central element of the cruciform shape, which is outlined along the gentle surface of the double curvature. In these zones of covering, the system of edges can be orthogonal, since here, basically, the momentless state of the structure. In the corner zones of the coating, where there are significant main compressive and tensile forces acting on the pads located at an angle of 45 ° to the axis 4 and 5, the orthogonal system of the ribs is impractical. A rational constructive scheme of this combined coating is achieved by the edges in the places of kinks 9 of the surface of the side elements perceiving the main compressive forces acting diagonally. The main tensile forces can be perceived by the reinforcement located in the ribs 11. Due to this, an optimum static coating operation is achieved. It also possesses more c) 1 high spatial rigidity compared with the smooth spherical shell of the same span. With significant spans, an additional increase in the spatial rigidity of the coating can be achieved by using a cross-shaped element 14. located under the shell,

the ends of which 15 are rigidly supported on the ribs in the place of kinks of 9 fan vaults. In this case, a cross system of diagonal arches is formed, increasing the rigidity of the spatial system. In places of the ends of the ends of 15 cross-shaped elements

table 16 is located; in this zone, reinforcement of the reinforcement of the ribs must be provided, and keyways 17 are necessary for receiving transverse forces.

Thus, a high bearing capacity of the shell is achieved by a qualitatively new combination of a central cruciform shell, which increases the overall rigidity, and corner zones with enhanced strength properties, due to the location of the ribs along the line of the main forces. The span is increased by the fact that the central cross-shaped element can have considerable dimensions, since it is outlined in the form of a double curvature and is supported by rigid angular shells, which also provide a common

sustainability.

Since the central cruciform element is rigidly conjugated along lines 13 with lateral corner elements, the joint operation of these elements into a single spatial system is organized.

Spacing of spatial coverage is perceived by buttresses or columns in the corners of the coating. If necessary, the supports are connected by pulling around the perimeter of the coating. A frame contour is also possible, consisting of perimeter jibs J8, as well as corner columns 10 and intermediate columns located, for example, at points 12.

The installation of such a coating can be accomplished in a cantilever-mounted way, which allows assembling the shell without intermediate supports. When mounting the supports and the contour of the coating, first of all, the lateral elements are assembled by the hinged method, then the cruciform element 14 is installed, which closes the diagonal

arched coating system. Last of all, the central element plates are installed on the contour of the side shells. The shells of the coating can be made of reinforced concrete, solid wood, wood and combinations of these materials.

The estimated economic effect from the introduction of the invention should be about 10 rubles per square meter.

F1 / &. 2.

FIG. d

FIG.

Claims (3)

1. SPATIAL COVERING OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES of a predominantly square plan, including central and side elements in the form of shells of positive or zero curvature, characterized in that, in order to increase spatial rigidity and increase the span, the central element is made of shells, the longitudinal axes of which intersect with the formation of a cross-shaped in plan, and the side elements are located between the branches of the central element and are made integral with a fracture of the surface along lines coinciding with the diagonal mi cover. 2. Coverage by π. 1, characterized in that the side elements are made in the form of pairwise intersecting fan arches with ribs, the latter intersecting at points located along the perimeter of the coating at the points of intersection with the interface lines of the side elements with the central one. 3. Coverage on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a cross-shaped element located in its center under the shell, the ends of which are rigidly conjugated in the corners of the side elements. 1,239,239 A Figure 1