SU1223250A1 - Device for statistical processing of results of measurements with respect to sliding samples - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to specialized computer hardware. The purpose of the invention is to increase speed. In order to achieve - j goal, a special allocator, n groups of exchangers and a block of elements are introduced into the prototype device circuit. The invention can be used in experimental nuclear physics to expressly analyze the static structure of the ionizing radiation flux when solving technical, geophysical, meteorological and medical diagnostics, in systems for transmitting discrete messages by orthogonal polynomials in the basis of truncated functions of the Haar, Walsh and other similar functions, various digital devices Aliza, compression and synthesis of signals of increased reliability. 6 Il. I O)

Description

one

The invention relates to specialized computer facilities and can be used in experimental nuclear physics for express analysis of the statistical structure of the ionizing radiation flux, in solving problems of technical geophysical, meteorological and medical diagnostics, in systems

15

transmitting discrete messages to ortho 26 and element 27, in the case of exponentially weighted smoothing of measurement results, for example, with - in the form (Fig. 5) of three cascade-connected multipliers, each of which contains one counter 28-1, 28 -3 modulo 4 and one prohibition element 28-4, 28-6, respectively.

The device for performing the orthogonal transformation according to Haar for the case and, respectively, for additionally contains (-1) 3 calculators 29-30, 31-32.33-34, the first group of subtractors contains 25 three main subtractors 35 - 37 and one additional 38, the second the group of subtractors contains one main subtractor 39, an additional subtractor 40, a third group of subtractors

polynomials in the basis of the truncated functions of the Haar, Walsh, and other similar functions, in various digital devices for analyzing, compressing and synthesizing signals of higher reliability.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed of the device.

FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the device; FIGS. 2-5 show functional diagrams of an AND block for cases of calculating a uniformly weighted moving average, smoothing using an integrated averaging method, smoothing by a Hamming operator

 () and calculating an exponentially weighted moving average

 when j in fig. 6 is a block diagram of the apparatus20.

5-j

5-j

The calculations in the computation mode of the formers do not contain (2) the basis of the coefficients of the Haar decomposition at.

A device for statistical processing of measurement results for a sliding sample (Fig. 1) contains a code-frequency converter 1, information, block 2 of elements AND, M counters 3-1, 3-2, ..., 3- (M-1) , 3-M, (where M is the volume of a sliding sample), control block 4, generator of 5 clock pulses, register 6, device start input 7, conversion end 8 output, clock output 9 and block 1 information output 10, output 11 synchronization of device M information outputs 12-1, 12-2, ..., 12- (M-1), 12th block 4, synchronization input 13, block 1, M outputs 14-1, 14-2, .. ., 14-j, 14- (M-1) , 14th block 2, counter 15 (modulo M), elements 16-1, 16-2, ..., 16- (M-1) and 16th delay, elements I 17 - J9.

In this case, unit 2, in the case of calculating a uniformly weighted moving average, can be executed in the form (FIG. 2) of elements AND 20-1, 20-2, ..., 20th, in the case of smoothing

measurement results by the method of integrated averaging, for example, with - in the form (Fig. 3) of the first element AND 21, the first 22 and second 23 triggers, the second element AND 24 and the element IS-NOT 25, in the case of smoothing the measurement results by the Hamming operator , for example, when - in the form (FIG. 4) of a synchronous trigger

not ry rye, 3 to her 3, in t about ol groups

5-j

35

subtractors and contains only one additional subtractor 41. Discharge outputs 42 are information outputs of the zero order device, i.e. they have a sign

value of the coefficient Cl (p, O) -ZIX (L) Tj

Haaru decomposition, the output 43 is the first-order information output, on which the value of the coefficient O is set. a (i, i) 8 1,

 a (0, l) (i-j) (i-j) Tl.

 J i 5

Outputs 44 and 45 of the second subtracter

Groups are information outputs of the 2nd order device, on which Q values of the coefficient 0.5 {2 (1.1) are set, respectively.

86

 (i- j) T - / LCi-JJT And Coefficient

And g

 , 0, a (1,2) (i-J) Tl -, (i-j) T ..

5 - j - e j: 1. The outputs 46 to 49 of the third group of subtractors are information outputs of the third order device.

on which the values of the coefficients are set accordingly

0.5 {2 tt (2.1) x (i-8) Tl-x (i-7) Tl; . 0.5 (2 a (2.2) x (L-6) Tl-x (i-5) .0, a (2.3) xC (i-4) (i-3) 0.5 / 2 a (2,4) x (i-2) Tl-x (i-1) T, where x (i. T) is the value of the input code at the moment of time, i, T (, M + 2, ...) T - sampling interval.

A device for statistical processing of measurements of a sliding sample works as follows.

Switching the device to the registration mode is carried out by applying a signal (level) to input 7. Log 1 (positive logic). In this case, the actual process of measuring the moving average begins from the moment of the beginning of production at the private information output 10 of the unit 1 of a sequential number-pulse code, which in advance of a known scale represents the discrete value of the recorded process. Moreover, in whatever form the results of measuring a random function would arrive in block 1: in the form of time intervals between two random pulses filled (intervals) in block 1 by generator pulses 5; in the form of the amplitude value of the signal, also measured (after the usual conversion amplitude - time) in block 1, generator 5 pulses, in the form of a parallel binary code converted by the code-frequency technique, the counting input 10 of block 2 will receive pulses at a given scale, each time will display the value of the discrete x (i, T).

At the same time, after the conversion of each current measurement result x (i. T) to the corresponding number-pulse code, the unit 1 at its output 8 sets a pulse Log, which as an interval synchronous clock goes to the same input of the control unit 4. By slice interval sync, i.e. during the transition of this pulse from the state of Log 1 to Log O, counter 15 modulo M in the initial period of receipt and processing of the first (M-1) measurement results successively increases its readings up to the setting

223250

Level Log. 1 at its highest-weight bit output P. As a result, the transfer signal from the oldest by weight discharge output P of counter 15,

5, on the one hand, unlocks the AND 17 element of block 4, and on the other, locks the AND 18 element on the input. Thus, this state of the counter 15 is locked (latched) until the input of the signal 7 of the Log signal to the input 7. О remains unchanged until the end of the whole processing of measurement results or until the next violation of the stationarity of its operation mode (in case of using the proposed device as a random number sensor.

At the same time, with each receipt of the 20 research institutes in block 4 of the sync pulse, it also enters the input of the 16-M delay element and, successively propagating through all the 16-j delay elements, generates the corresponding delayed relative to each other through 25 Ach information inputs 12-j signals for the corresponding 3-J information counters. As a result, the content of each information counter j-1 (, 2, ..., M) of the information is rewritten into the j-th information counter. In this sync pulse Log. 1, each time the first element 16-1 reaches a delay, from its output blocks an element on the input. And 19. The latter in this case forms a pulse Log at the first information output of the unit 4. O, which zeroed the first information counter 3-1 and at the same time as the command impulse to start recording the next measurement result of the process under study, is output 12.

Thus, after the expiration of the statistical processing of the first (M-1) measurement results of the process under investigation, Sj of each j-ro in the order number (rank) of the counting information 3-J at the time of the end of the registration of the number-pulse code of each next measurement result, t make up the value

55 S.2 :: b (j-t) x (i-t) T, (5)

where b (j-i) are the weighting factors of the corresponding j-x counters35

40

information storage devices (O 6 t (j-1); j 1, 2, ..., M, moreover, b (jt) OB In particular, and calculating a uniformly weighted moving average (arithmetic average value of the last M measurement results) values the coefficients b. for all information counters are the same, and block 2 in this case can be executed in such a way (fig. 2) that the elements AND 20-j perform the functions of multiplying the signals from the frequency information output 10 of block 1.

In the case of smoothing the measurement results by the method of interactive averages, for example, when, i.e. when smoothing is performed on the difference relation

S jg- {x i, (i-1) (1-2) T + 4x (i-3) (i-4) (i-5) T +

-fx (i-6), (c;

block 2 can be performed according to FIG. 3. With such a smoothing, it is equivalent to performing first the operation of calculating a uniformly weighted moving average for every four measurements, and then calculating the same moving average from the previously obtained moving average, weighting coefficients and symmetrically (relative to the central 4th accumulator) information) located counters are equal to each other (Fig. 3). Then, keeping in mind that the normalized value b of the weighting factor for the central 4th information counter in block 2 (Fig. 3) is assumed to be equal, respectively, for the normalized values of the other coefficients we have

L 1/4 V L L 2/4; B b 3/4.

The normalization indicated, i.e. division by 4, by 2 and by 3/4, the corresponding units of block 3 are made (Fig. 3). As a result (after the statistical processing of the first M-1 measurement results), with each receipt of the next new measurement result, T shows 8 "the last M-th counter displays the value of the interactive sum for seven

recent measurements of the process under investigation, which (S) signal Log. 1 at input 11 is entered in register 6.

In the case of smoothing with measurement results by the Hamming operator, block 2 (Fig. 4) contains one synchronous trigger 26, performing modulation normalization mod 2 weights of the 1st and 3rd counters, and one multiplier 27. Otherwise, the device functions in the same way. Exponential smoothing of re-,

measurement results in the device is carried out directly on the recurrence relation determining this type of smoothing

l f (1-0

, T c (V (1-o ()

MJ

x (i-j) T, (7)

where o (.1 / M is a constant smoothing.

Indeed, he compared the last relation with the differential control describing the algorithm of operation of the proposed device, it is easy to see that the normalized weights (in this case, according to the definition of exponential smoothing) should decrease (as the rank j decreases from M to 1) by geometric progression. This requirement is provided by block 2, which in the case of and for (1-o) 3/4 can be fulfilled according to FIG. five.

The device, when performing an orthogonal Haar transform, operates as follows.

The number-pulse codes of the samples, TJ, are sequentially recorded with the period T in the counters 3-j according to the operation algorithm considered above for the case of calculating a uniformly weighted moving average, i.e. for the case when all the weighting factors, b for the difference equation are equal to one, and block 2 is made according to FIG. 2. For the considered (Fig. 6) as an example, the case of calculating the eight coefficients of the truncated Haar function (, (), the readings of all 3j-X counters from the moment of time represent (, 2, ..., 8) the sliding partial sums time sequence of samples according to differential control.

When at the discharge outputs 42 of the eighth (under L3-8) information storage counter, the coefficient value is set automatically. Zn and (0,0) Haar zero order, and at information output 43, the third group subtractor 41 (Fig. 6) - the value of the coefficient a (0,1). At the same time, at the information outputs 49 and 45 (additional) of the subtractors 38 and 40, respectively, the values of 0.5 / Tc (2.4) and 0, (1.2) are also automatically set. The first inputs of the subtractors 38, 40, and 41, when connected to the discharge outputs of the corresponding counters, are shifted one bit to the left (toward the higher bits). Bl-agodar this, i.e. combining the operation of multiplying by 2 ensures the proper values of 0.5% {2 (2.4) and 0.5 v / 2-a (1.2).

At the same time, at the outputs of the odd 29, 31, and 33rd vyagayateley respectively exhibited values

S, 9-ZI (, -j | Tj- xt (, - j) (.- 3) 0 1J-1

five

S ,,) (.- j) (.- 5)

jrlJ-1

76

s .. (-J T -r 4c -j) T AUi-T) T.

 J -1

J: 1

equal to the last three odd counts of the recorded process. At the same time, at the outputs of the even 30, 32, and 34 subtracters, respectively, the following values are displayed:

(1-4) (1-3) (i-6) (i-5) Tj; Sj xC (i-8) (i-7)

As a result, at outputs 46, 47 and 48 of subtractors 37, 36 and 35 of the first group, respectively, the values of coefficients of the third order are set.

0, (2,1) Sj, -2Sj, x. (1-8) (i-7) 0.5 / 2-a (2.2) Sj, -2S ,, x (1-6) (i -five)

0, (2,3) S -2S ,, x (i-4) (i-3) T.

At the same time, at the output 44 of the subtractor 39 of the second group, the coefficient of the second order is set

0.5 / 2 q (l, 1) Sj 6

 ZZ (-J) T,

j s

In the formation of which, when the algorithm is implemented here, neither the third group subtracters nor the odd subtractors are involved. Besides, in

in accordance with the Haar process of shift and compression, in the formation of the coefficients of each next i-th group, starting with the 2nd group of subtractors, does not take part in the number (main) subtractor (1-1) -th

groups (in this case, for the 2nd group, the 35th subtracter, and for the 3rd group, the 39th subtracter).

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for statistical processing of measurement results for a sliding sample, comprising a clock pulse generator, the output of which is connected to the clock input of the code-frequency converter, a control unit, M counters (where M is the input sample size) and a register, whose information output is informational the input of the device, characterized in that, in order to improve speed, a block of elements AND 2 (2 -1) subtractor (M) and subtractors groups are entered into it, with the i- () group containing the subtractors, and the synchronization output of the code-frequency converter information is connected respectively to the induction and control inputs of the I block, the j-th (, M) output of which is connected to the counting input of the j-ro counter, the information output to, the -th (K 1, M- About the counter is connected to the information input of the (K + 1) -th counter, and the induction output of the M-th counter is connected to the information input of the register, the first and second inputs of the 2nd subtractor of the i-th group are connected to the information, outputs respectively and the 2nd counters, information output (, m 1, counter under for prison to first inputs j th and () -ro subtractors, the second inputs of which are connected to the information outputs, respectively, () -ro and (j ,, + 2) -ro counters, outputs of the j -th and (j -1) -th subtracters are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the J. -th and () -ro subtractors of the first group1, outputs jg-ro and () -ro (j..Jh /, 2. ..) of the subtractors the first corpses are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the subtractor of the second group, the output of the 1st (, A ...) and (+1) -th subtracters Pth (, -1) groups are connected respectively to the first and second inputs The (1/2) -th subtractor of the (p + 1) -th group, the outputs of the subtractors of the i-th group are the group of information outputs of the (n-i + 1) order of the device, as well. the information output of the M-th counter is the information output of the zero order of the device, the control unit containing M delay elements, three AND elements and a counter, the transfer output of which is connected to the first input of the first AND element, the first input the second element And whose output is connected to the register setup input, the code-frequency converter’s conversion end output is connected to the second inputs of the first and second AND elements and the input of the first delay element, the rth output (M-1) of the delay element is connected to the installation input (M-i + 1) -ro of the counter and the input (t + 1) -ro of the delay element, the output of the M-th delay element is connected to the first input of the third And element whose output is connected to the reset input of the first counter, the converter start input the code-frequency is the start input The device ska is connected to the second input of the third element I and the reset input of the counter of the control unit, and the output of the first element I is connected to the counter input of the counter of the control unit, - (M-1) M-fi FIG. 2 26 / 4; -J FIG. Compiled by A. Baranov Tehred N. Bonkalo Proofreader V. But ha  ™.-In. ™ ..---- in .. 1716/53 Circulation 671 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Branch NLP Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4