SU12172A1 - Device for launching compressed air of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

The proposed fixture is intended for such internal combustion engines with a mechanical sprayer, which are equipped with a pump for supplying fuel in quantities corresponding to the stroke of the pump plunger, and have a starting device operating with compressed air. For these motors, when starting up, turn off the pump supplying fuel, turn on the switchgear of the starting valves and open access to compressed air; when switching to fuel, turn off the switchgear of the starting valves, turn on the pump that supplies the fuel, and close the access of compressed air. In addition, if the maschina is equipped with a nozzle control, this control must be turned off when operating with compressed air, and turned on when operating on fuel; moreover, if the assembly starts up in motion along the push-pull principle instead of the four-stroke stroke, the on and off control cam of the intake and exhaust valves is also connected. Since the inclusion of these organs (nozzles, intake and exhaust valves) can be carried out in one operation, for example by shifting the camshaft, as is applied to the above-mentioned distribution valve of the intake valve for compressed air, subsequently special place the issue of the management of these bodies.

A device for launching and stopping such machines should be simple, clear, even with fluent familiarization, the location of the respective switching bodies, should be easily hand-shifted and ensured with the help of a self-acting device that it is impossible to turn on the wrong parts in order to avoid excessive stress in the machine parts. . In particular, the possibility of supplying fuel during compressed air start-up should be excluded in order to prevent fuel accumulation, which during the first self-ignition will cause an unacceptable increase in pressure, and the transition from working with compressed air to working with fuel should be possible only after how the pipeline will be closed, supplying air for the launch.

Safety devices that meet these conditions are known. According to the present invention, in order to increase the guarantee of reliability of exploitation, a third condition is added, namely: the possibility of an immediate, unintended transition from the working position to the starting position must be prevented in order to prevent a premature start-up again.

In the present invention, two free-hand inserts are used that are used; their appointment in two special positions; of these, one device, including a working stroke in one position, creates conditions for operation, in the other — for stopping, while a second device for manual activation (starting device) in one position — creates conditions for stopping, in the other, for starting stroke with compressed air. A device, including a working stroke, acts on the switchgear of the starting valve, which, when the switchgear is turned on, at each normal working stroke, connects the cylinder to the pipeline supplying compressed air, and also acts on the injector switchboard. The starter attachment either connects the starter valve to the compressed air tank or disconnects them. Both adaptations are given in such dependent friend.

from another, the position that the device, including the working stroke, is locked in that position, which corresponds to the pump off and the on position of the switchgear of the starting valve, and in its working position, the starting device is locked, in the position, which disconnects the machine and the compressed air tank .

In contrast to the known devices with one switching device, which passes through all three positions: - “stop,” start and “working stroke, and, therefore, actuates simultaneously the switchgears of both the fuel pump and the starting valves, as well as affects the body that closes the access of compressed air, the proposed device offers first of all the advantage that including devices, despite the short span, which contributes to the clarity of the device, require little power. In addition, it adds the further substantial advantage that only this device can satisfy the third condition set forth above, namely, that it is impossible to inadvertently go directly from the working position to the starting position, in which the machine would unexpectedly start working again. Since with common devices of common lever for switching and starting to move, in which the stop position is between the start position and the working stroke, the driver may intend to stop from one extreme position (travel) through the stop directly to another extreme position (starting) and thus create conditions for immediate new launch. With the proposed device, however, the driver can, in the position of the working stroke, move only one of the two devices, namely, the device included into the working stroke, and he can only transfer him to the position corresponding to the stop. For the purpose of launching, he must then, having reached the stopping position, actuate another, only now released, device for starting the inclusions.

In the schematic drawing of FIG. 1 shows the multi-cylinder engine of the Diesel system (only two of its cylinders are shown in the drawing); FIG. 2 to 7 depict, on an enlarged scale, the start-up device in vertical and horizontal sections along lines I-1 and in connection with rod L for switching off the fuel supply pump, with FIG. 2, 3 represent the operating position, FIG. 5 shows the starting position and FIG. b, 7-locked position.

Cylinders A and A have separate starting valves B and B controlled by a camshaft with cams E i E through the middle of C rods. Other valves from the same camshaft are controlled by rods F and /. Fuel pumps I, H are driven by means of a typerechny shaft G. Adjustment is carried out by means of tilting levers / C and / C, which are driven by a pump plunger and act on pump overflow valves. Regardless of the influence of the motor controller, these swinging levers can rotate around eccentric plates, on the common AXIS of which L is operated by the switching lever Af, connected to the device described below, with a device that turns on the working stroke. The latter consists of a switching lever Q for shifting the camshaft and a lever R for shifting the pump lever N, which passes through the case of the starting device O consisting of the starting

handles Z acting on the latch 5 (fig. 2-7) on both the lever L and the starting spool. The closing lever P in the position of the working stroke (figs. 2 and 3) is blocked in such a position that the pipeline and the compressed air is closed by the starting spool, while in the starting position (Figs 4 and 5) the starting spool 5 is held in the lower position by the latch S on the underside of the gate Q, so that the compressed air can be directed into the pipeline U through the pipeline and at the same time the fact that the shutter Q enters the notch T of the lever N, causing the last block and, at the same time, the mobility of the switching lever P. is also destroyed. In the locked position (Figs. 6 and 7), the starting cams stand against the rollers of the starting valves B and B, so that in the case of supplying compressed air, the machine would immediately work , but the starter valve 5 is closed, the pump lever N is in its lower position, as a result of which the fuel feed pumps are turned off.

D, l of the transition to the starting position should rotate the handle Z (Fig. 4 and 5). Then the compressed air, entering through the supply pipe and, the starting spool 5 and the pipeline U into the distribution valve fV (Fig. 1), pushes the piston upwards; As a result, compressed air from the tank begins to move from pipeline Y to pipeline X, from there to the starting valves B, B, and the machine starts up. In this position, the lever L, and at the same time the switching lever P, are blocked, which means that the pumps supplying fuel cannot be turned on.

The position of the working stroke is created by firstly switching off the compressed air by turning the handle Z to the position indicated in FIG. b, 7, as a result of which the lever N and the market R are released. In a known manner,