SU1210737A1 - Method of obtaining frost-resistant species of winter wheat - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the selection of agricultural plants, namely, to obtain positive transgressions for winter hardiness,

The purpose of the invention is to increase the quality and speed up the production process.

Example, For crossing, varieties and forms with different winter-resistance were selected: highly resistant (Odesska 16, Odesska 51, Dnepropetrovsk 521, Mironovska 808, Ipyychevka, Orenburg 45, Albidum 114, etc.), medium-resistant (Bezost 1, Dneprovsk 537, Mutant 48, Kherson 153, KMB-1, Kherson jubilee et al., And low-resistant Sani, Zlatna Dale. Mermaid, Traky, NS 314, etc.), Crossings were performed in different directions to obtain combinations with different levels of absolute winter-resistance,

The number of studied hybrid combinations with a different type of inheritance is given in Table 1, where the following conventions are accepted: OT - high-resistant varieties; СрЗ - medium-resistant and SLZ - low-resistant,

Table 2 shows the parameters of positive transgression of the winter-hardy bone in hybrids with dominance (option 1 and intermediate inheritance (option 2) properties,

Hybrids with the prevalence of high winter resistance were selected for each cycle of crossing (Table 1), option 1, the selection of winter-resistant forms was carried out according to a known method and hybrids with intermediate inheritance properties (option 2, selection of winter-resistant transgressions according to the proposed method).

In the same cycle of crossing, the hybrids with the predominance of higher winter-resistance had a slightly higher average population winter resistance than the hybrids with intermediate inheritance. Thus, the intermediate hybrids of Dnepropetrovsk 537 Bezost 1, M 31 Mermaid, Bezost 1 Kherson jubilee, KBM-1 Dneprovsk 537, KMB-1 Dneprovsk 521, Erythrospamum 127 Sled and other plants survived by freezing or overwintering were 64 85%, which equals half the sum of living, plants of both components of the crossing. Hybrids dominated by winter-hardiness (Odessa 16 “Bezosta J, ironovsk 808 Rezosta I Odessa 51 Dneprovsk 537., Odessa 51 Rusalka, Odessa 51 Sani, Ilyichevka Bezost 1 and others) have an average plant survival rate the same as in the best parents. , but it is practically impossible to introduce constant (homozygitic) winter-resistant forms in the first fissionable generations of such hybrids, since they do not differ in phenotype from heterozygous forms. In hybrids with intermediate inheritance of winter resistance in F, the already allocated Fj-Fj are more resistant e, than the best parents, the forms (transgressions) are constant for the selectable property.

As can be seen from Table 2, in combination with the prevalence of winter hardiness (option 1), the parameters of positive transgression are low, and constant winter hardiness of the lines are only observed in the fifth to sixth generations,

In intermediate hybrids, transgression parameters are significantly higher, and constant forms are already introduced in the third generation, which significantly reduces breeding processes,

Table 3 shows the reproducibility of winter-hardness piaHroB in positive transgressions identified in the Fj intermediate winter speck hybrids according to the proposed method.

As can be seen from the data of Table 3, positive transgressions separated from intermediate F hybrids reproduce their frequency response in F -Fj by 93–98%,

At the same time, the most prominent forms, made in Fj in subsequent generations, fully retained their winter-hardiness ranks,

With the help of the proposed method, a number of winter-hardy varieties and lines with a complex of valuable properties have been created in practical breeding, the frost and winter hardiness of some of them are presented in Table 4;

As can be seen from Table 4, new varieties are far superior to their best varieties in frost resistance and other adverse wintering factors.

Ostea 3

(KMB-1 Dnipro 537)

Kherson (KMB-1 -Dneprovsk 537)

Asthist 5 (KMB-1 Dneprovsk 52)

Osteist 6 Dneprovsk SKMB-1 521)

Continued tabl, 2

Table 3

51.2

96.3 80.5

51.2

95.6 80.5

55.4

95.4 82.4

55.4

98.7 82.4

31210737

parents and belong to varieties with increased frost and winter hardiness. Under short irrigation conditions

sor Ost Uro

The known method - option 1 (the dominance of high winter resistance)

The proposed method is option 2 (intermediate inheritance).

B 3 X V.Z.

B 3 X Cf 3

B 3 X CL 3

Wed 3 X Wed 3

Varieties of Osist 3, Khersonsk 591, Osist 5 and Osta 6 show a productive potential of 85-93 centners per hectare.

T a b it c i a

Table 2

6.2-0.34P

1,4-0,37Third

0,6-0,24P- naturally

0,5-0,24Third

12.4 + 0.71 Ptoe 18,5tO, 77 Third

Note: Freezing of plants was carried out at -18 C.

1210737

8 Continuation of table 4

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR PRODUCING WINTER-RESISTANT LINES OF WINTER WHEAT by crossing the parental forms and subsequent selection of hybrids with intermediate inheritance of the selected trait, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of wheat and speed up the process, the crossing is carried out within the parental forms differing in winter hardiness, the selection of hybrids is carried out in the first generation, highlighting combinations in which, after freezing, the number of surviving plants is equal to half the sum of surviving plants of both parental forms and in the offspring of tego generation dedicated combinations re-taken line, winter hardiness superior to the best of their parents. >