SU1162483A1 - Installation for wet treatment and steaming out groats crop grain - Google Patents

Abstract

1. INSTALLATION FOR WET TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF GRAIN OF LARGE CULTURES, containing a washing machine with a duct connected to a double-circuit recuperative heat exchanger, a buffer element with a back-to-head unit, and a body block with a placebo gauge with a placebo gauge, and a placebo gauge with a placebo gauge, and a placebo gauge with a placebo gauge, and a placebo gauge with a placebo gauge, and a placebo gauge with a placebo box, and a placebo gauge with a placebo box, and a placebo gauge, will be provided. a preheating bunker, a steamer, a steam dryer with a hopper and fans with air ducts for injecting heat transfer fluid, in order to reduce grain losses By separating the benign grain from the waste and increasing the biological value of the finished product, the washing machine is equipped in the lower part of the squeeze column with an additional duct connected through a fan to a double-circuit heat exchanger, and the suction inlet of the injection fan to the double-flow recuperative heat exchanger is additionally connected to the exhaust duct of the spent heat carrier in the bypass exhaust fan heat exchanger additionally connected to the exhaust duct heat sink. from the preheating bunker, under the washer; a hopper was installed to dry the waste and an air duct was supplied to it to inject the spent heat carrier from the preheater hopper, as well as an air duct to inject the secondary steam and air from the receiving hopper of the steam dryer. 2. Installation pop. 1, characterized in that the hopper for drying waste is formed by two cylindrical concentrically mounted with a gap, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, installed in the central part of the case (L on a perforated tube with a divider fixed on it in the form of a cone and a screw tape forming the auger, while the duct supplying the spent heat carrier from the preheating bunker is connected to the cavity of the perforated O) pipe, the duct supplying the secondary to steam and Air from the drying bin 4ih is connected through a pipe with 00 CO the upper part of the cavity formed by cylinders and having a pipe for draining condensate, and heat exchange shelves are rigidly fixed along the entire inner perimeter and height of the internal cylinder in a checkerboard pattern. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the conical part of the hopper body, the divider, the screw tape forming the auger, and the heat exchange shelves are made so that they form an angle with the horizon greater than the angle of repose of wet waste.

Description

The invention relates to the milling industry and can be used to prepare buckwheat, oats, peas and other crops for processing. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the loss of grain by isolating benign grain from waste and increasing the biological value of the finished product. Figure 1 shows an installation for wet processing and steaming of grain of large crops; Fig. 2 shows a bun ker for drying waste. The installation contains washing machines 1, grain augers 2, screws 3 for removing waste from the machine, squeezing device 4, pipe 5 for taking grain out of the washing machine, diffuser 6 for supplying heated air (heat carrier) to diffuser 7 for supplying heat carrier to the lower part squeezing device, hopper 8 for accumulating grain and uniform loading of elevator 9, transporting grain to the bunker 10 for preheating grain, upper cork stopper 11 for loading wedge to steaming machine 12, lower cork stopper 13 for unloading rs from steamer 12, pre-dryer hopper 14, steam dryer 15, nozzles 16 suction heated air from dryer 15. Valve 17 for transferring secondary steam through naponpoB 18 to buffer tank accumulator 19 with reflux valve 20 mounted, steam reducer 21, steam lines 22 and 23, a double-circuit recuperative heat exchanger 24 a condensate trap 25, an air duct 26 for supplying the heated waste air from the steam dryer to a cyclone 27, which provides purification of the air from impurities, an air duct 28 for taking the heated air, valve 29 for adjusting the flow rate of air drawn by fan 30 and forced after additional heating in heat exchanger 24 to duct 31, fan 32, heated air in Te 1 heat exchanger 24 and forced air through ducts 33 and 34 to the top and the lower part of the squeezing device 4, respectively, through the diffusers 6 and 7, the gas distribution chamber 35, designed to evenly distribute the coolant into the inlet ducts 36 over the entire height of the hopper 10, the exhaust collector 37 heat carrier, air duct 38 for suction of exhaust heat carrier by fan 30, valve 39 for adjusting the supply of the required amount of heat carrier, air duct 40 for suction by exhaust fan 41 and pumping it through air 42 to waste bin 43, pipe 44 for bleeding off secondary steam and air. From the super-drying bunker 14 through the duct 45 by the fan 46 and the mixture can be injected into the duct 47 into the bunker 43. The bunker 43 for drying waste (Fig. 2) contains a nozzle 48 for discharging waste from my machine 1 into the central part of the bunker 43, the diffuser 49 supplying the mixture of secondary steam and air, the pipe 50 for supplying the spent coolant to the perforated pipe 51, the cone divider 52 rigidly attached to the perforated pipe 51, a vertical screw auger 53 installed over the entire height of the bunker 43, which is formed by a cylinder 54 with a cone truncated at the bottom and with an inner cylinder 55 concentrically mounted with a gap with a truncated cone at the bottom, a pipe 56 for condensate drainage, heat exchangers, shelves 57 rigidly fixed in w Akhmatnogo order around the entire inner perimeter and height of the cylinder 55. The operation of the installation for wet processing and steaming of grain of large crops is as follows. The grain is fed to the washer 1 and transported by the grain augers 2 in the bath. During the time the grain is in the bath, when moving with grain augers due to different density, hard-to-remove impurities are released (seeds of wild radish, dust, mineral impurities, microorganisms), water serves as a medium for separating grain impurities by density. After the isolation of terrestrial impurities, the grain with grain pups 2 through the alloy chamber is fed into the squeezing device 4, where partial removal of surface moisture is performed by centrifugal

forces The use of the prototype for supplying coolant, only to the upper part of the squeezing device 4, of the diffuser 6 does not sufficiently remove surface moisture from the grain. To increase the amount of moisture removed from the surface of the countersink to the lower part of the squeezing device 4 by fan 32 from the regenerative heat exchanger 24 through the diffuser 7 is supplied under the coolant. When the flap rotor of the squeezing device 4 is rotated, air (heated) is sucked in the lower and upper parts of the lower and upper parts, evenly penetrating the whole grain mass, thus intensifying the removal of surface moisture. Through pipe 5 grain. It is brought out of the washing machine 1 to the bunker 8, from where Noria 9 moves to the preheating bunker 10, where the residual moisture removal (drying) and simultaneously heating the surface of the grain mass are carried out.

By loading the cork stopper 11 from the hopper 10, the grain is loaded into the steamer 12, after which the saturated water is supplied to the established pressure. After a predetermined exposure of the steaming of the grain, the valve 17 is opened and the secondary steam is passed through the steam line 18 to the buffer storage tank 19, parallel to the steam released into the first circuit of the recuperative heat exchanger 24. Between the steamer 12 and the vessel 19 an equal vapor pressure is established as between communicating vessels. Further release of secondary steam through the first circuit of the heat exchanger 24 leads to a decrease in steam pressure in the network of steam lines 18 and 22 with respect to the pressure in vessel 19. For this reason, the back-stop valve 20 is activated, which blocks the further flow of secondary steam into vessel 19. Vtusk residues the secondary steam from the steamer 12 is then carried out through the first loop of the heat exchanger 24. From the vessel 19 through the steam reducer 21 the mixture of the secondary steam and condensate is continuously reduced to the second loop of the heat exchanger 24. The flow rate of the mixture is set in such a way as to ensure its continuous reduction before the start of the release of secondary steam from the steamer 12 after the subsequent steaming cycle. The installation level of the vessel 19 with respect to the heat exchanger 24 is higher, which facilitates the reduction of the mixture from it. Continuous reduction of the mixture of secondary steam and condensate in the second circuit of the heat exchanger 24 leads to uniform heating of its working surface. Through pipes 16 through duct 26 by fan 30, spent warm air (T 41-47 C) from steam dryer 15 is transferred to heat-insulated cyclone 27. Purified spent warm air from cyclone 27 is sucked by fan 30 and for additional heating is pumped to heat exchanger 24. Heated to a higher temperature in the heat exchanger 24, the air through the air duct 31 is supplied to the gas distribution chamber 35, through which it is evenly distributed over the entire height of the hopper 10 to those hoppers 10 in staggered order. The arrangement of the supply p to the boxes 36 in a checkerboard pattern ensures that the grain is dried uniformly throughout the entire volume of the bunker 10 in a fixed, dense layer. The selection of the specified location of the BASES 36 is similar to the arrangement of the boxes in the drying tunnel of the drying oven.

Through the collector 37, the spent coolant is sucked out of the hopper 10, which intensifies the drying process, as the speed increases and the coolant evenly penetrates the grain mass throughout the whole volume. The predetermined amount of the spent coolant is controlled by the valve 39, through the duct 38 is sucked off by the fan 30, where it is mixed with the spent coolant sucked from the cyclone 27. The resulting mixture has a higher temperature (58 & C) compared to the temperature of the sucked coolant from the cyclone 27 (41-47 C) therefore, after additional heating in the heat exchanger 24, a higher temperature of the heat transfer medium (96-98 C) is achieved in comparison with the prototype (76-85 ° C), where the spent heat transfer fluid from the hopper U is not directed For circulation, and is released into the atmosphere. The release of grain from the steamer 12 takes place at a residual vapor pressure of 0.02 MPa (according to the steamer operating instructions), this pressure opens the discharge cork shutter 13 and the grain is released into the pre-drying bunker 14. Together with the grain, the pre-drying bunker 14 receives a significant amount secondary steam, which is prototyped by suction and a hopper and released into the atmosphere. In the proposed facility, secondary steam is used to dry the waste. The augers 3 from the washer 1 waste are transferred to a hopper 43 for drying the waste. The hopper for drying waste works as follows. Through the pipe 48, wet waste is fed to the divider 52, which is installed under the pipe 48. The cutter 52 distributes the waste to the vertical screw auger 53 in a certain layer, through which it moves downwards. When the wet waste moves along the screw 53 through the nozzle 50 into the perforated pipe 51, the fan 41 is continuously pumped through the duct 42 by the exhausted coolant from the hopper 10. As a result of direct contact of the coolant with wet waste during their movement and uniform mixing on the screw 53, intensive moisture removal occurs . On the other hand, a mixture of secondary steam and air with a temperature of about 100 ° C is blown by the fan through the pipe 44 from the drying bin 14 through the duct 47 through the pipe 49 into the gap between the cylinders 53 and 54 (the prototype mixture is emitted into the atmosphere). Heat pumped mixture of secondary steam and air is transferred to the heating of the inner cylinder 55 and heat exchanger shelves 57. Heat exchanger shelves 57 increase the surface of accumulation and transfer of heat to the cylinder 55 from the injected mixture, which increases the efficiency of waste heating. The chess arrangement of the heat exchange shelves 57 contributes to a more uniform heating around the periphery of the waste bin 43 during their accumulation. As waste accumulates in the bunker 43, they fill the inside of the cylinder 55 and heat the waste and dry it from contact with its walls and heat exchange shelves 57. Constant heating of the waste in the peripheral part of the bunker 43 and the continuous supply through the perforated pipe 51 of the heat transfer medium to the mass of waste intensifies thermal moisture diffusion processes. The combination of conductive and convective methods of drying waste in the hopper 43 ensures their effective drying to a predetermined humidity. As a result of heat extraction from the secondary steam and its cooling when it is pumped between the cylinders 54 and 55, the condensate is discharged from the hopper 43 through the nozzle 56. The divider 52 forming the vertical screw screw 53, the heat exchange shelves 57 and the tapered portion of the hopper 43 are set at an angle to horizon greater than the angle of repose wet waste. The resulting dry waste contains in its mass up to 1.6% of a good-quality buckwheat grain, which, according to the prototype, cannot be separated from wet waste, since their drying is not foreseen. After drying the waste in the proposed facility, they are sent to separating machines, where up to 1.3% buckwheat grain is extracted (control), which is subsequently sent to cereal for processing. Thus, on the proposed device, due to the design features of the waste bin and the new technological scheme of the installation, the waste is dried and the grain is dried after wet processing with secondary heat without using any additional costs for this purpose.

saturated steam

 hrno

secondary jnap

heated steam

 Sime ohoyoy,

- clean otmyy

Fr ur.d

Claims (3)

1. INSTALLATION FOR WET TREATMENT AND STEAMING OF GRAIN CROPS, containing a washer with an air duct connected in its upper part to the squeezing column, connected to a double-circuit recuperative heat exchanger, a buffer steam storage vessel with a back-off valve and a steam heater with a pre-heater and a steam pipe with a pre-heater , a steamer, a steam dryer with a receiving hopper and fans with air ducts for pumping a coolant, characterized in that, in order to reduce grain losses by To separate benign grain from waste and increase the biological value of the finished product, the washer is equipped with an additional duct in the lower part of the squeeze column, connected through a fan to a dual-circuit heat exchanger, the suction pipe of the forcing fan in a dual-circuit recuperative heat exchanger is additionally connected to the exhaust duct for discharge of waste heat carrier from the hopper pre-heating, while under the washer; a hopper for drying the waste was installed and an air duct for pumping the spent heat carrier from the pre-heating hopper and an air duct for pumping secondary steam and air from the receiving hopper of the steam dryer were connected to it. 2. Installation pop. 1, characterized in that the casing of the hopper for drying waste is formed by two cylinders concentrically mounted with a gap, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, in the central part of the casing there is a perforated pipe with a conical divider rigidly fixed to it and with a screw tape forming a screw, while the waste heat carrier supply duct from the preheater is connected to the cavity of the perforated pipe, the secondary steam and air duct from the volume hopper of the dryer is connected through a nozzle to the upper part of the cavity formed by the cylinders and having a nozzle for condensate discharge, and heat exchange shelves are rigidly / stiffly fixed around the entire inner perimeter and height of the inner cylinder. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the conical part of the hopper body, divider, screw tape forming the screw, and heat-exchange shelves are installed so that they form an angle to the horizontal that exceeds the angle of repose of the wet waste.