SU1123522A1 - Accelerator of charged particles - Google Patents

Abstract

ACCELERATOR CHARGED PARTS, containing a double forming line, consisting of two identical lines, between which an acceleration diode is connected, a direct current source connected through a switch and a charging element to a high-voltage input of a first-line controlled by a bit, characterized by In order to increase its reliability, two identical circuits are additionally introduced in it, consisting of a series connected sensor, a current, a source of direct current and a switch, a shunt sequence an electrically exploding conductor, these circuits are connected between the high-voltage input and the output of each of the lines, the acceleration diode is connected between the high-voltage output of the first line and the high-voltage input of the second line and (L is shunted by the third electric explosive conductor, and additional sources are The current is switched on opposite to each other.

Description

1 The invention relates to an acceleration technique and can be used to generate pulsed electron beams of high intensity, energy and duration. A device is known for pulsing the electron gun L, which contains a double forming line with energy accumulation in its capacitors, between which both halves of which an accelerator diode (load) is connected in series with them, with the input of the line being shunted by a discharge voltage. A disadvantage of the known device is a relatively low pulse power in the load. This is due to the fact that the energy stored in the capacitors of the line is consumed in the load for a relatively long time, equal to the time of the double run of the wave in each half of the line. The closest to the technical essence of the invention is a charged particle accelerator containing a double forming line, consisting of two identical lines between which the accelerator diode is connected, a DC source connected through a switch and a charging element to the high-voltage input of the first line, shunted controlled bit 2J. A disadvantage of the known devices is the relatively low reliability associated with the low reliability of double forming line capacitors (DFL). This is due to the fact that in the process of forming a high voltage pulse of accelerating voltage, the capacitors recharge from the charging voltage to the double voltage of the opposite field, which drastically reduces their life. The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device. The goal is achieved by the fact that a charged particle accelerator containing a double forming line consists of two identical lines, between which an acceleration diode is connected, a direct current source connected through a switch and a charging element to a high-voltage input of the first line, shunted by a controlled discharge By the same additionally introduced two identical chains. 22 consisting of a current sensor connected in series, a DC power source, and a switch shunted by a series-connected discharge voltage and an electrically conductive conductor. The circuits are connected between the high-voltage input and output of each of the lines, an acceleration diode is connected between the high-voltage output of the first line and the high-voltage input of the second line, and is shunted by a third electrically exploding conductor, and additional DC sources are connected opposite one another. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the device. figure 2 - the shape of the pulses on the accelerating diode. The device contains a double forming line, consisting of two identical lines 1 and 2, between which an accelerating diode 3 is connected in series with them. A controlled voltage source 4 is connected to the input of line 1 and parallel connected high-voltage source 5 of constant voltage is connected in parallel with them. a switch 6 and a charging element 7. In parallel with the inductors of the first line 1, connected in series are a current sensor 8, a constant current source 9 and a contact switch 10, connected by shunting flax arrester 11 and a conductor electrically blasted (EEC) 12. The accelerator 3 shunted diode 13. EEW second line parallel inductor 2 connected DC power source 14, contact switch 15 and current sensor 16. A switch 15 is shunted by a series-connected gadget 17 and an EEP 18. A voltage sensor 19 is connected to the output of the second line 2. The output of control unit 20 is connected to switch 6, the output of control unit 21 is connected to controlled discharge terminal 4, and a pulse high-speed switch is connected to switch 10 the drive combined with the control unit 22 to the switch 15 is a pulse high-speed drive combined with the control unit 23. The inputs of the control units 20,22 and 23 are connected to the corresponding outputs of the timer 24, the input of which is connected to the output of the comparator 25, the inputs of which are connected to the current sensors 8.16 and the voltage sensor 19. Block input

21 control connected to the output of the sensor 8 current.

The device works as follows.

In the initial state, the arresters 4.11 and 17 are in a non-conducting state, the switch 6 and the switches 10 and 15 are open. Energy reserves in the elements of DFL no. The signals from the timer 24 triggered blocks 20,

22 and 23 controls which close the switch 6 and the switches 10 and 15, respectively. From the high-voltage source 5 of a constant voltage through the switch 6, respectively.

and the charging element 7 starts charging the capacitors of line 1 and, via the EEC 13, capacitors of line 2 (in the polarity indicated in the diagram). At the same time, from the DC source 9 through the closed switch 10 and the current sensor 8, the current inductors of the line 1 is charged, and from the source of direct current 14 through the closed switch 15 and the current sensor 16 and the current inductors of the line 2 (flow direction currents in inductors of lines are shown by arrows). When the current in the inductors reaches the set value J (j, and the voltage on the capacitors (jp (chosen so that the relation is where p is the line wave impedance), the corresponding signals from the 8.16 current sensors and the voltage sensor 19 arrive on the comparator 25. When the currents in the inductors of lines 1 and 2 are equal and the specified ratio between current and voltage on the lines is reached, the comparator 25 triggers and outputs a signal to timer 24, from whose outputs the control pulses trigger control units 20, 22 and 23 . In that the moment the switch 6 is turned off (it is in the de-energized state, since at this point the charging of the line capacitors has been completed) and the contacts of the switches 10 and 15 are disconnected. The voltage generated on the shutdown arc formed between the contacts of the switch 10 is sufficient for breakdown bit 11, resulting in a transfer

235224.

the current from the branch with switch 10 to the branch with arrester 11. and EVP 12. As a result of shunting the switch 10 with low-impedance circuit from the arrester 5 11 and EVP 12, the arc in switch 10 goes out and the current of the inductors of line 1 is closed through current sensor 8 source 9 , discharge 11 and EEC 12. Similarly, the current is transferred

 from switch 15 to branch with discharger 17 and EEC 18. Under the action of currents flowing through EEC 12 and EEC 18, the latter explode and disconnect the inductors of line 1 from the source 9 of current, and the inductors of line 2 from the current source 14.

The signal from current sensor 8, indicating the cessation of current in the circuit with current source 9, is supplied

20 to the input of the control unit 21, which, in turn, sets fire to the controlled spark 4. The time corresponding to turning off the EVP-12 and the EVP 18 and igniting the surge 4, we will look at 25, As we consider the processes occurring in the lines , use for convenience the method of superposition. Consider first the processes occurring in the lines and

30 on the load under the action of only the energy stored in the capacitors of the lines (excluding energy in inductances). At time ig, the input of the first line 1 (point 26) closes

35 by an arrester 4. The incident wave uU, -Uo, which forms at the same time, passes from point 26 to point 27 along line 1, discharging its capacitors. The energy stored earlier in these condensates is converted to the magnetic energy of the line inductances. By the time the incident wave arrives at the output of line 1 (point 27), i.e. at time 4; (Lag time), EVP 13 electrically arises under the action of the potential difference at points 27 and 28 lines, and the incident wave l and meets on its way an inconsistent resistance, which is the same as the resistance of the accelerator diode 3, the resistance of which is equal to the double value of the wave line resistance p (i.e. Rtj 2p), and connected in series

55 with it the input impedance l line 2, Thus, the total resistance, which meets at the moment echd. the incident wave 4U at point 27 is equal to Z0, i.e. three times the output resistance of line 1. Because of this mismatch, the incident wave partially reflects the first reflected wave of the line 1 voltage amplitude (j 3 T 0. The rest of the incident wave passes through the resistance of the accelerator diode and forms the first incident wave line 2 with amplitude di, „- At the same time, A 4 line 2, pre-charged to voltage U from the input side (point 28), is loaded on series-connected accelerator diode 3 and output resistance p of line 1. P and this, from the output to the input of line 1 (from point 27 to point 26), the incident wave begins to propagate with amplitude u (Jsd + - and from the input to output of line 2 (from point 27 to point 29)) - the reflected wave with amplitude dizotr - B As a result, starting from the time point Mud., the capacitors of line 1 will start charging from the output to the input (from point 27 to point 26) at the voltage Uu, g, p + du, „g, and the capacitors of line 2 will begin to decompose, In this case, the magnitude of the voltage that remains on the capacitors l II ° g 2, will be equal to U gv ° time point g epd on the accelerating diode 3 uets voltage drop and ,,, '- and (A1 and ". After reaching the total wave (-) in line 1 of point 26 at time 2 1, dd, it reflects from the short-circuited end with the opposite sign and begins to propagate to the output of line 2 (from point 26 to point 27), removing charge from the capacitors lines 1. Reflections in lines from point 27 and point 28 at time 2t, aA do not occur, since both lines, starting from time -I, dd, are connected at points 27 and 28 in series to a matched load. Similarly, in line 2, the total wave (-) propagating from the moment from back from point 28 to point 29, by the time 2t back reaches the open end of line 2 and, having reflected with the same sign, will begin to propagate along line 2 from point 29 to point 27 Remove charge from line capacitors. By time 31, dd, both waves simultaneously reach an acceleration diode (points 27 and 28), and the processes in the lines cease. The voltage diagram released on the accelerating diode under the action of only the energy stored in the capacitors of the lines is shown in Fig. 2, a. Let us now consider the processes occurring in the lines and the accelerating diode under the action of only the energy stored in the inductances of the lines (without taking into account the energy stored in the capacitors). At the moment io, as already mentioned, the discharge 4 closes and the EEC 12 and 18 electrically explode. At the point 27, under the action of the current J ,,. accumulated in the inductance of line 1, a voltage drop occurs ((j 2 2 because line 1 is loaded on the input resistance of line 2 (the accelerator diode is shorted by EEC 13). This differential begins to propagate along both lines: in line 1 from the point 27 to point 26, and in line 2 from point 27 to point 29. Under the action of a current at line 2 stored in the inductances, points 27 and 28 produce a voltage drop bu || extending to the I ends of lines 26 and 28, and at point 29, at the open end of line 2, a voltage drop bOj occurs, Jop Uo spreading from a point 29 to a point 27. At a time equal to one wave path per line, the amplitude of the amplitude of line 1 turns out to be charged by the total incident wave up to the voltage T, and KOH m under 2 2 7 discharged to zero, since the voltage on them is equal to Uno ,, u, o, d + Uyd ---- 2, and all the energy of line 2 is stored up to this moment in the inductances of line 2, and the current 3 is directed at this from point 29 to point 27. At the moment b, the ass, as already indicated, electrically explodes with EEC 13, and the accelerator diode 3 turns on in series with 1 and 2. At this moment, the incident wave - Ug in line 1 reflects from the short-circuited end at point 26 and begins to propagate along line 1 from point 26 to point 27 with amplitude 4 U, and the line 1 capacitors 27 to point 28 propagates 1 Ol of the reflected wave & U4oTp -r7 formed during the discharge of the capacitors of the line 1, charged before the voltage on the load that changed when the EVP 13 opened. In this case, an incident wave LC-1 is formed at the input A 4 of LINIA 2, which propagates from point 28 to point 29. At the same time, the current 0 stored in the inductances of line 2, also forms three waves: . || 1 UD ii, gj +. Extending from point 27 to point 28; - reflected from line 2, magnitude 4U, p + - Uo extending from point 28 to point 29 - falling in line 2 from the open end of the line from point 29 to point 28 with the value Mj, j g-3. As a result, in line 1 from the moment backwards, from point 26 to point 27 a wave + will propagate from point 27 to point 26 - total, "W By Uo Uo, is equal to ,, -, - t - -. Taking into account the fact that by the time iELL, the voltage on the capacitors of the line is bypoo - (Jg the resulting voltage on line 1 will be set by the moment 2 i 5 | d Equal to tEu.-. Line 2 from the moment a, from point 28.. 7 to the point 29, the total voltage wave will propagate from the point 29 to point 28 - the wave iU --U. The resulting voltage on the line 2 will be set to moments ... and that time 2i, dd equal. Thus, the voltage on the load in the time interval i-joA 2t, a, d ae..VU., (Time t 2i, it becomes. and whits equal and s. and 77 l l o g From the moment of time ee Sb, lines 1 and 2 appear to be switched on at points 27 and 28 sequentially on a matched load. Therefore, reflections from the ends 27 and 28 at time 2 i do not appear in the lines, and the voltage is reflected on the accelerator diode. propagate along the line only from points 26 and 29. The reflected wave in line 1 propagates from the short-circuited end of line 26 to point 27 with the opposite sign, removing the charge from the line 1 capacitors. The reflected wave in line 2 propagates from point 29 with that same sign, also remove the remainder of charge from line capacitors 2. By the time t ,. both reflected waves reach the acceleration diode and the processes in the lines terminate. The voltage pattern released on the accelerator diode under the action of only the energy stored in the inductances of the lines is shown in Fig. 2, b. The plot of the total voltage on an accelerating diode from the effect of energy stored in capacitors and in the inductances of the lines is shown in Fig. 2c. Thus, in the time interval dd -, the voltages on the accelerator diode are summed from the action of both factors, and in the interval 2i5a. subtraction. Therefore, the resulting voltage, which is separated on the accelerating diode, is equal to twice the value of the line voltage, i.e. Jude 2i (,. The pulse duration on the accelerator diode in the proposed accelerator is i 55, j, therefore the pulse power;

4t

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in load equals

ya

Jl °

It is not difficult to be convinced.

- 2 p

that sun is stored energy in lines

Wj is

in an accelerating diode during the pulse time t, –1do1d t. s -, f n energy in acceleration I

and

body diode is equal to

zSi,

h

u3

b) and G the energy accumulated by the B line x is equal to W; -i-Wc

/ | My | (-1

 C (j

f) Bearing in mind that Clearance and

 2 t

With p -J--; we get W, -

Ea &

 1 p

and.

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W ,,

It is easy to verify that in the process of pulse formation, the capacitors of line 1 are recharged from the charging voltage Ug to the same voltage of the opposite sign {-Uo, while in the prototype from the voltage iJQ to the double voltage of the opposite sign (- 2 (V). Line 2 capacitors are discharged from the charging voltage UQ to zero, while in the prototype they are charged from the charging voltage value (-U (j) to double voltage (-2 Ио) - Consequently, the strength of the electric field in the dielectric of the capacitors of the forming lines during the formation of The high-voltage pulse in the prior art is twice this parameter proposed for capacitors accelerator is more than an order of magnitude reduces the life of the capacitors in the prior art compared to the proposed accelerator. Lower operating electric field strength in the dielectric prototype capacitors

up to the same value as in the proposed accelerator, would entail doubling the linear dimensions of the capacitors and the associated increase in the volume occupied by the capacitors by 2-3 times and a corresponding increase in weight and durability. Also reduces the service life of the capacitors of the known accelerator compared with the proposed magnitude of the amplitude of the voltage change during the formation of the pulse. Thus, on the capacitors of the first line in the prototype, the voltage changes to (3Uj) jB while in the proposed accelerator UQ - (- UQ ZUg; and on the second line capacitors in the prototype, the voltage changes by

value (-Uo) - () o; and in

The proposed accelerator Up-OUg, I Since in the pulse generator on the formation lines at high energy values (0.1-1) MJ / imp

the main role in the dimensions, weight and cost of it is played by the capacitors of the forming lines, then their life and reliability basically determine the efficiency of such generators. If one accepts that the device is produced in a year with about 10 pulses, and take into account that the life of the capacitors in the proposed accelerator is 10 pulses, and in the known one it is an order of magnitude worse, i.e. 10 pulses, the estimated economic effect compared with the known accelerator for energy on the order of 100 kJ / imp, provided that the cost of 1 kJ is about 50 rubles, is 50 thousand rubles. in year.

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Claims (1)

CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATOR, comprising a double forming line, consisting of two identical lines, between which an accelerating diode is connected, a direct current source connected via a switch and a charging element to a high-voltage input of the first line, shunted by a controlled arrester, characterized in that, in order to increase its reliability, two identical circuits are additionally introduced into it, consisting of a sensor connected in series, a current, a DC source and a switch shunted in series with an arrester and an electrically exploded conductor, with these circuits connected between the high-voltage input and the output of each of the lines, an accelerating diode connected between the high-voltage output of the first line and the high-voltage input of the second line and shunted by the third electric exploding conductor, and additional DC sources are included counter one relative to the other. SU, „> 1123522>