SU1084033A1 - Film apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FILM DEVICE, containing a vertical body, heat exchange tubes, fixed in tube sheets, placed coaxially above each tube, switchgears made in the form of a valve, differing in that, in order to increase reliability in operation I with a load change, each valve is provided with a float mounted on a vertical rod, while the floats of adjacent valves are made of different weights and are offset in height. 9 / (O / c 4; O9 Op X f Mx / U2.t

Description

The invention relates to film apparatuses intended for carrying out heat exchange processes in the chemical, oil refining, food, pharmaceutical, and other parts of the process and also used as a conventional evaporator, distiller. Known film apparatus, comprising a housing, tube sheets, heat exchange tubes, fittings for input and output of raw materials, finished product and heating steam, irrigation devices made in the form of diaphragm 1 "l and reflector having the shape of a cone or disk f 1 J. The disadvantage of this unit is the dependence of its performance and efficiency on the irrigation density of the heat exchange tubes, which must be higher than a certain minimum irrigation density. Otherwise, there is a breakdown of the film flow into the jet stream, which leads to inefficient machine operation and loss of performance. A film apparatus containing a vertical body, heat exchange tubes fixed in tube grids, placed in coaxially above each tube, is known. valve. A feature of the known apparatus is the implementation of fluid distributors in the form of hollow spheres located above the upper sections of the heat exchange tubes, the fluid being supplied to the tubes through the annular gap between the ball and the tube cut t2. The disadvantages of the known apparatus are the high requirement for the manufacture of balls (sphericity), and the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes (cylindrical and perpendicular to the cut of the tube axis); dripping of the liquid along the bottom surface of the ball to its extreme lowest point due to the wettability effect and the failure of a part of the liquid along the pipe axis; the possibility of displacement of the balls relative to the tube due to the radial currents of the fluid along the tube grid; The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the apparatus when changing load; 33 The goal is achieved by holding a vertical body, heat exchange tubes fixed in tube sheets, placed coaxially above each tube, switchgear devices made in the form of a valve) each valve is equipped with a float mounted on a vertical rod, while the floats of adjacent valves are made of different weights and are offset by height. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the proposed apparatus, FIG. 2 - the node in FIG. Ij in FIG. 3 - unit GT in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - mutual placement of floats in the working position, in FIG. 5 placement of floats at lower fluid levels. The apparatus includes a housing 1, lower and upper tube sheets 2 and 3, heat exchange pipes 4, fittings 5 and 6 for the input and output of heating steam, irrigation devices made in the form of a diaphragm 7 and a reflector 8 having a disk shape and fitted with floats 9 connected with valves 10, located on a vertical axis 11, fixed in the center of the reflector disk 8, and having the ability to move along it. The input of the raw material is carried out through the nozzle 12, the output of the slit product and the secondary steam through the nozzle 13. The reflector, made in the form of a disk, is provided with a protrusion 14 (Fig. 3) in its outer diameter, which forms parallel to the forming chamfer 15, made on the diaphragm 7. The annular space of the apparatus is divided into sections by a blank partition 16 fixed in the upper and lower tube sheets, 2. The device works as follows. The raw material flows through the fitting 12 to the upper tube sheet 2. When a certain level of liquid HJ is reached (Fig. 4) on the upper tube sheet 2, corresponding to a given performance, all the floats 9 float upwards, moving along axis 11. At the same time, holes in the orifice plates are released 7 irrigation devices 6. Since the floats 9 connected to the valves 10 have unequal weight or are made with a different distance between the float

And by valve, they are set at different heights relative to each other. The liquid passes through the diaphragm 7 of the irrigation devices and gets onto the reflector 8. The design of the reflector 8 with the protrusion 14 ensures uniform distribution of the liquid over the surface of the pipes 4. Then the liquid flows down in the form of a film under the action of gravity, thus evaporating,

In case of a decrease in the productivity of the apparatus, an appropriate level of the liquid is established on the upper tube sheet (Fig. 5), different from the previous one

the floats 9 are lowered by an amount. A part of the floats closes the openings in the diaphragms 7 of the irrigation devices, thereby turning off from work a part of the heat exchange tubes 4, which constitute one of the heat exchange sections of the apparatus. At the same time, steam access to this section of the annulus is blocked and the apparatus operates with a reduced number of heat exchange tubes.

The use of the proposed design of the device allows to increase the reliability and efficiency of the evaporator when the load changes

FIG. 2

Fig.Z

Phage. five

Claims (1)

FILM APPARATUS, comprising a vertical body, heat transfer pipes fixed in tube sheets, switchgears arranged coaxially above each pipe, made in the form of a valve, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability in operation <when changing the load, each valve is equipped a float mounted on a vertical rod, while the floats of adjacent valves are made of different weights and offset in height. Figure 1 The goal is achieved 1 1084033