SU1077579A3 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

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This invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine-building, and specifically to internal combustion engines,

The internal combustion engine is known, comprising a cylinder, a piston with a flat bottom, placed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating motion and cyclic variation of the piston cylinder's extra piston volume, a cylinder head with a flat bottom and made in it — an initial combustion chamber, when pushing it towards the piston cylinder, and an auxiliary combustion chamber and a device for introducing the main fuel-air charge into the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary air-fuel charge into the auxiliary Amer combustion, the latter conn} ochena to the main combustion chamber by means of torch channel provided with a valve controllable by a camshaft and overlapping flare channel compression stroke Ij,

However, the known engine is characterized by insufficient efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an internal combustion engine, it contains a cylinder; a piston with a flat bottom, placed in a cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement and cyclical change of the piston cylinder head; and a cylinder head with a flat bottom and made in it the main combustion chamber. adjacent to the over piston cylinder volume, the auxiliary combustion chamber and the device for introducing the main fuel-air charge into the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary air-fuel auxiliary combustion chamber, the latter being connected to the main combustion chamber by means of a flare channel equipped with a valve controlled by the control valve / 1 from the camshaft and overlapping the flare channel during the compression stroke, the main combustion chamber is made in a cylindrical form. cylinder under the slop of the bypass channel, and its axis is positioned perpendicular to the axis of the Idir, and the device for introducing a primary fuel-air charge into the main combustion chamber is made in the form of fuel nozzles, -stated in the main chamber.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed engine in FIG. 2 shows a section -A in FIG. one.

The engine contains a block 1 in which at least one cylinder 2 is installed. A piston 3 with a flat bottom is placed in the cylinder 2 with a potential for reciprocating movement and cyclic change of the over-piston volume 4 of the cylinder 2. The stroke of the piston 3 in the cylinder 2 is adjusted so that that when the piston 3 is in the upper dead center between the latter and the head 5 of the cylinder 2, there remains a small space. In the cylinder 5 of the cylinder 2 there are inlet and outlet ports 6 and 7, in which inlet and outlet valves 8 and 9 are installed. Valves 8 and 9 are actuated by a camshaft 10 on top, fitted with cams 11, acting on the cups 12, seat At the upper ends of the valves, springs 13, located between the head 5 and the support plates 14, are pressed to the closed position. Valves 8 and 9 operate according to the four-stroke cycle. The head 5 of the cylinder 2 is made with a flat bottom, excluding a small recess 15, which has three projections, one of which is located around the outlet of the exhaust valve 9, the other around the opening of the intake valve B and the third is directed to the bypass channel 16, made in the head 5 and informing over piston volume 4 cylinder 2 with main combustion chamber 17. Camera

17 is made in the cylinder head 5 of a cylindrical shape, and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 2,

and the peripheral surface has a spiral shape. In the head 5 is also made an auxiliary chamber.

18 a combustion which is connected to the main chamber 17 by means of a torch channel 19 and has a cylindrical shape, and its axis is perpendicular

to the axis of the cylinder 2. The channel 19 is provided with a valve 20, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the cylinder 2, and the lower end enters the cylindrical sleeve 21 installed in the drilling made in the lower part of the head 5. . The sleeve 21 intersects the channel 19 and has located opposite each other from the version 22 and 23, which inform the channel 19 with the internal cavity of the sleeve 41.

The sleeve 21, with its upper part, is held in the head 5 by means of a cylindrical ribbed holder 60 24, which is screwed into its threaded hole 25 in the head 5 with its lower end and rests on the upper part of the sleeve 21, fixing the position of the latter. A teflon sealing ring 26 is installed between the contacting 65 surfaces of the casing 24 and the openings MI-25. For proper ycTiJHOBKH sleeve 21 in the drilling between the upper surface of the block 1 and the bottom surface of the sleeve 21, a washer 27 is fixed. an annular ring 28. In addition, a seal 29 is placed in the drilling of the upper end of the sleeve 24, which is fixed by an insert 30 made in the form of a threaded ring member. The valve 20 is provided with a support plate.

31 and a helical coil spring 32 disposed between the plate 31 and a portion of the head 5. The valve 20 is driven by the crust 33 mounted on the shaft 34, which is located parallel to the shaft 10, SVOz. the possibility of making oscillatory movements. The left-side arm 33 rests on the cam 11 of the shaft 10, and the right-hand end with the help of the pusher 35 screwed into and directed downward acts on the upper end of the valve 20. The lower end of the valve 20 has a free slip fit in the sleeve 21, and its upper end has a fit there is a free slip in the casing 24. Between the upper and lower ends of the valve 20 there is a narrowed portion. The valve 20 can be moved by an upper end position (Fig. 1) and a lower end position (not shown). When the valve 20 is in its uppermost position, its lower end is located above the holes 22 and 23, thereby opening channel 19. When the valve 20 is in an intermediate position, its lower end closes the holes 22 and 23 and channel 19. For each revolution of the camshaft 10, channel 19 overlaps twice, i.e. twice per work cycle. But for the operation of the engine, only one such overlap of channel 19 is important, which occurs when the valve 20 moves upwards from the lower end position and is coordinated with the implementation of the compression stroke. Other overlapping of channel 19 performs an auxiliary role.

The engine also contains a device for introducing the main fuel charge carrier into the main combustion chamber 17 and the auxiliary fuel charge into the auxiliary combustion chamber 18, which are iB-type forcsHOK 36 and 37, the first of which is installed in the main chamber 17, and the second - in the auxiliary chamber 18. In addition, the chamber 18 is provided with a spark-plug 38. A small hole is made to remove unburned carbon particles from the bottom of the sleeve 21 in the washer 27. The washer 27 with its lower part communicated through the channel (not shown) in the head 5 with the camera 18.

When lowering the lower end of the valve 20 below the openings 22 and 23, a certain amount of gas enclosed in the washer 27 through its opening is squeezed out

0 into chamber 18. When a charge ignites in chamber 18, the gas flow changes direction, which eliminates the possibility of particles 6 of the washer aperture 27. To reduce the forward

5 heat losses of chambers 17 and 18 by maintaining a high surface temperature in the head 5 are pressed in part 39, made from nimonic or a suitable alloy with

0 high nickel content with high corrosion resistance.

The engine works as follows.

At the intake stroke, valve 8 opens, and the piston 3 as it moves down draws air into the cylinder 2. When the piston 3 moves upwards, the valves 8 and 9 are closed, the air is compressed, and the valve 20 opens the channel 19. At this time, fuel 37 is supplied through the nozzle 37 to the chamber 18. The fuel injected into the chamber 18 almost does not enter the chamber 17. Thus , in the chamber 18, the air-fuel mixture is compressed, and in

- chamber 17 - compression air {a. When the piston 3 moves to the upper dead center at the moment when favorable conditions are created in chamber 18 to ensure ignition of the mixture

0 from a spark, the valve 20 under the influence of the rocker arm 33 closes the channel 19, Ie the lower part, the valve 20 closes the openings 22 and 23. After that, in the chamber 18, the compression process is more

5 does not occur, and in chamber 17 it continues until piston 3 reaches the top dead center. In this case, most of the air from the over-piston volume 4 of cylinder 2 enters through channel 16. into the chamber

0 17. When the piston 3 is near the top dead center in the chamber 17, additional fuel is injected through the nozzle 36. The gas-air mixture in the chamber 18 is ignited by the ignition plug 38, after which the valve 20 opens by moving up and opening the holes 22 and 23. The burning gases expanding from the chamber

0 18 through channel 19 enters chamber 17 and the fuel / air mixture is ignited in it. The combustion of the mixture in the chamber 17 causes the piston 3 to move downward, an expansion stroke occurs.

5 seconds, moving the piston 3 to the bottom

dead point and then release stroke v when the piston 3 is moved up and the valve 9 is open,

Fuel injection into chamber 17 can be adjusted so that it starts simultaneously with opening valve 20 and continues after it is opened (when operating at low revs) or begins just before opening valve 20 (when operating at high revolutions).

The nozzle 37 can be adjusted for concerted action, calibrated and installed to disperse the fuel in the direction of the channel 19, and fuel injection occurs at a time when the air flow entering the chamber 18 is not strong, or even before that moment before the start of compression.

Camera 18 works as a rule on a rich mixture. However, in widely practiced and load modes, it is possible to vary the injected dose of fuel, choosing it within the range of air fuel mixture combustible from a spark, and the vaporization process should occur during the entire period of compression, resulting in a homogeneous air-fuel mixture. The rich fuel mixture can be easily ignited by the glow plug, even when the engine is cold. In addition, the rich mixture burns with

lower temperature: ignition

which reduces the possibility of formation of nitric oxide. It is also assumed that some of the combustion products should remain to participate in the subsequent cycle, which reduces the combustion temperature and the amount of nitric oxide produced.

The degree of compression at which the valve 20 closes is chosen such that it allows to achieve perfect combustion without detonation or an unintended increase in pressure when using standard-grade gasoline with an average octane rating.

the number devoid of additives tetraethyl lead.

The volume of fuel and air supplied to chamber 18 is selected based on the amount of fuel needed to maintain engine idling and generate enough heat for the main chamber 17. This volume should be between 10 and 20% of the total charge per cycle . I

Closing the valve 20 Gives the auxiliary charge in chamber 18 the ability to continue relieving the pressure from burning a spark ignited by a spark, while in chamber 17, while free from fuel, compression can continue to a degree significantly higher than that possible with gasoline with octane chill of 100, the degree of compression in chamber 17 is determined on the basis that obtaining an effective expansion factor should not be accompanied by an excessively large increase in cycle pressure and (comparing with Lemma) in order to reduce direct heat losses, the density of the exhaust gases must be maintained at a relatively low level.

Mechanical isolation of chambers 17 and 18 from each other makes it possible with considerable flexibility to carry out the entire combustion process. The delay period and the initial pressure increase do not depend on the volume-displacing elements and the function of the angle of rotation of the crank. ;

The degree of compression, to which, as a rule, the main charge is compressed, ranges from 12 to 15, and the auxiliary charge, to within. lah 6-8.

The proposed engine can be both four-stroke and two-stroke.

Thus, applying the invention improves the efficiency of an internal combustion engine.

FIG. one

eight

(par.2

38

3

Claims (1)

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, comprising a cylinder, a piston with a flat bottom, placed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating motion and cyclic change of the piston cylinder volume, a cylinder head with a flat bottom and a main combustion chamber made therein adjacent to the cylinder piston volume. auxiliary combustion chamber and a device for introducing the main fuel-air charge into the main combustion chamber and auxiliary fuel-air charge into the auxiliary combustion chamber, the latter being connected to the main combustion chamber using a flare channel equipped with a valve controlled from the camshaft and overlapping the torch channel on compression stroke, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency, the main combustion chamber is cylindrical in shape, communicated with an over-piston m volume of the cylinder by means of the passageway, and its axis is perpendicular to the cylinder axis, and means for introducing the main fuel-air charge in § main chamber "combustion is made in the form of fuel nozzles mounted in the main chamber. OZUZZOl