SU107185A1 - Bucket excavator for digging perennial trees - Google Patents

Description

The excavator is intended for cutting a cone-shaped slot in the ground around the tree being transplanted, in order to separate the clod of earth with the root system from the ground mass.

In the current practice of transplanting perennial trees, cutting trenches around the transplanted tree during its digging is done manually. Existing existing multi-bucket excavators are unsuitable for this type, since it is necessary to carry it out properly for circular movement of the machine, and besides, a ladle chain with conventional symmetrical buckets is not possible to dig a curved trench with small curvature radii.

The known devices of other types for picking trees with a clod of earth covering the root system, acting on other principles, have not been applied, due to the fact that they have some or other disadvantages. Some of these devices did not provide reliable and proper root extraction, while others did not rule out damage to the tree trunk.

The excavator described below does not have the above disadvantages.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of an excavator; in fig. 2-kinematic scheme of the excavator; in fig. 3 - assembly unit to the excavator frame of a piston servomotor (view in a direction radial with respect to the tree); in fig. 4 - ladle chain and excavator bucket in trench; in fig. 5 - a general view of the bucket.

The excavator is mounted on a rigid frame / mounted on wheels 2 and 5. At the end of the frame, facing deden 4, on the vertical axis 5 (Fig. 2), a bracket b is installed, carrying a sliding collar 7 designed for D.Li section of the detachable sleeve 8 The latter is installed on a tree trunk through an elastic pad (not shown). The connection and separation of the halves of the commut is carried out

by means of pneumocilipral 9 (Fig. 1). Plug sleeve 5 is made with a spherical outer surface. With respect to this sleeve, the centering of the excavator chassis is produced when turning:) those around the tree. At the same time, the sleeve protects the barrel from damage. A dual wheel 2 located on the tree side at the working position of the excavator (Fig. 1) is fixed on the pivot shaft. This wheel is driven by a 1Q electric motor via a worm gear (Fig. 2) and gear / 2 and / 3 gears. At the opposite end of the excavator frame there is a working member, which is a chain 14 with buckets 15, suspended on the driving and driven sprockets 16 and 77 mounted on the ends of the inclined frame 18, moving along its axis. The 7L bucket (Fig. 4b) is made asymmetrical; -, extended from the leading edge towards the axis of rotation to ensure free rotation of the machine around the tree. On the sides of the buckets are provided with sawtooth cheeks (Fig. 5). The bucket chain 14 is driven by the installed 1; on the 1E caliper of the electric motor 20 through two successively located chain drives 2 /, 2, intermediate star gears which are attached to the shaft mounted on the ends of the lever system 25 (fng. 1 and 2), which allows the transmission of torque from the electric motor to the drive sprocket 16 at the distance between their axes which changes during periods of immersion in the ground or when the bucket chain rises.

Moving the frame 18 from top to bottom along the generatrix of the cushion slit when the forks penetrate into one ground and are immersed, they are carried out on oblique n: shrael 10 step 1 mounted on the support mouth /. and it is carried out by an electrolyte 24 (fig. 1) through a gear transmission 25 and a running indent 26 (fig. 2). For the circular shpazovoy supply of the excavator, the servo motor 27 is applied, it performs the role of a pusher, rests on the ground. The cylinder of the servomotor T / its) head 28 (Fig. 3) is pivotally connected to the frame 1 of the excavator, and the rod 2.9 is equipped with a ninopoii at the end

30dl emphasis in the ground (Fig. 3). Before cutting cone phelp

in the ground around the tree's bark system, an excavator is fed to it by self-propelled, for which the transfer from the electric motor 10 to the drive of wheels 2 is pre-switched. After giving the excavator to 1, the tree, a separating sleeve is put on the barrel with an elastic gasket and using a pneumatic cylinder .9 covers the sleeve clamp 7, fastened it with screws. Following this, using stop cylinders with supports 3 / (Fig. 1) raise the front part of the chassis to some height from the ground, and using stop screws 32 and backing supports 33, they support the bottom of the sleeve, after which the supports

31 raise.

FIG. 1 excavator is shown with a caliper / 5, shifted to the extreme position in the direction from the center of rotation. To cut through the soil, the caliper is moved towards the tree to the distance at which the buckets 15 (Fig. 1) are above the trench 34.

Trenching a trench (trench) around a tree begins with the bucket frame 18 in the ipyHT being dipped when working with buckets, which is achieved by the screw 1, screw 26 (Fig. 2), as a result of turning on the electric motor 9A. The intermixing of the excavator around the tree is carried out in an intermittently-shagovoy supply with the servomotor spur 30 resting on the ground (Fig. 3).

All pneumatic devices of an excavator receive air from a compressor driven by an electric motor 76. This engine is connected to a compressor and only at the same time the excavator moves switches to a wheel drive 2.

After digging the trenches, the scoop bucket lifts the trunk from the collar and bushings that surround it and prepare the excavator to dig the trenches around the next tree.

The cutting of the soil C; -Shzu, as well as the packing of the earth with the root system, can be made in one or another known way. The lifting of the tree for its transportation is carried out by the edges: a) after laying a formwork in the tree around the tree, which consists of individual boards stacked around a clod of earth or special metal sheets with bottom-curved ends. The formwork should be secured with cables.

Subject invention

1. A cute excavator for digging perennial trees to be transplanted, mounted on a wheeled chassis and driven by electric motors, about the fact that, with the aim of cutting through a cone-shaped w, they ate around ko; ) Ne;; th system of wood, at one end of the frame of the chase is fixed detachable yoke to cover the BUSHES, also

detachable, resting on the ground and the mouth of the avlmva.moy on the tree trunk with a classic gasket, and the frame of the bucket chain is set obliquely on the support along the frame of the caliper, bearing on itself the motor of the drive of the bucket chain, the buckets of which in plan have an asymmetrical shape, with cutting edge extending in the direction of the axis of rotation of the excavator.

2. The form of the excavator according to G. 1, that is, so that, in order to move the bucket of the frame when it is lifted. And lowering along the tapering slit parallel to it, the support has oblique and redirecting, and on a bucket rams on top of it is fortified with an electric motor. It is connected by a dash gear with a lead screw.

3.ftopj.iri excavator execution on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that, in order to rotate the excavator around the tree, during the cutting of the slot, on the frame you can pivotally attach the torus with the spindle on the piston rod.

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