SU1066727A1 - Moulding automatic machine for producing casting half-moulds - Google Patents

Abstract

FORMING MACHINE FOR IZ-) PREPARATION OF CASTING SEMI-FORMS, containing a frame, sand-measuring heads and a vertically closed chain conveyor with non-tilting bogies, distinguished by the fact that, with the purpose of expanding technological capabilities, it is equipped with a frame with draw lines and horizontal directions. , with triangular levers with two rollers placed at their corners, with the levers fixed at free corners pivotally below two opposite sides of the non-tilting trolley, with copiers mounted on tannin, while one of the rollers of each triangle of the lever is located (L on the copier corresponding to it, and the other in the horizontal guide frame.

Description

 X The invention relates to a foundry industry, in particular to forming devices. HsBecTFfo is a device for automatically lifting a half-form from a model plate and for automatically removing a half-form from an automatic molding machine: 1: 1, with a swivel table, which consists of an outer cylinder with a main lifting table and related to the lower lifting table 1J. In a lifting piston, the inner lifting piston is moved from the upper lifting table relative to it. Adjustable and vertically movable lifting rods are supported on the lower lifting table and their upper tips are located 1-2 mm from the surface of the submodel plate. The upper lifting table is guided by means of guides in the stops of the outer qi: linder and can be moved vertically. Shock absorbers are provided on the guide bars, adjustable vertically in a certain range. The shock absorber consists of a housing in which a piston is moved, fixed on the guide rods and under the action of a compression spring. The cavity of the cylinder under the internal lifting piston is under a constant air pressure, so that the lifting piston and its movable table are constantly in the extreme upper position. At the bottom -. the lifting table with both their sides are provided with racks carrying live rolls with rollers. The lifting rods at the lower end carry the rollers, moving 5th along the rails. On these rails, moving relative to the lifting table, wedge surfaces are provided. A guide roller is pivotally mounted on the rails, which can be moved with a curved guide mounted on the pivoting frame. The device works as follows. When air is supplied to the outer cylinder, the main lift piston and its lift table, as well as the internal lift piston and its lift (the Em table is jointly lifted. The bottom plate with the half-form rises with a constant, relatively high speed from the swing frame. After approaching the shock absorber body the shock to the stop is activated by an atomizer, when the atom of its piston rises. This movement of the piston however is blocked by an adjustable outflow of air. The main lifting piston with the bottom lifting table and the lifting rods continue to lift at a constant speed, while the inner lifting piston, together with its upper lifting table carrying the sub-model slab, is braked as it moves up, resulting in movement relative to the main lifting piston. This is a relative movement of the lifting rods to the half-form relative to the lifting plate causes the half-form to separate from the model.After the shock piston iopa has passed through the cavity of its cylinder, it adjoins to the To the shock shock absorber and to limit the lifting of the guide bars and the associated upper lifting table, on which the submodel plate is installed. From this point on, the main lifting piston, together with the lifting pins and the half-form mounted on them, rises at full speed. I The rotation of the swing frame changes positions. Lowering the half-form on the roller conveyor is carried out in the following way. The rails are moved sideways with the cam drive so that the rollers on the lifting rods come off the wedge surfaces. Due to this, the lifting rods are lowered and the half-form is installed on the rollers of the roller table. The pulling is carried out by a mechanism consisting of two pneumatic cylinders mounted one in the other, two lifting tables, lifting rods, guide bars, shock absorbers. The half-form is lowered onto the roller conveyor by a separate cam drive. Such a design of the mechanisms for pulling and lowering the half-form on the roller conveyor is specific and unnecessarily complicated, and, in addition, for the operation of these mechanisms, working telespress air is required and additional time is required for the transition from position to position. The latter reduces the performance of the known automaton as a whole. The form-forming Wofomat automaton is known, which contains a mechanism for filling the flasks with a mixture, compacting the mixture in flasks, pairing and pairing model assemblies with flasks and half-molds, respectively, as well as a vertically closed treadmill conveyor with tilting carts and model assemblies f2J mounted on them. In it D.TSh pairing model mounting with the flask, the conveyor is stopped, after which the pairing mechanism sets the flask in place. For mating ice flasks and model mounting of the trolley, the conveyor moves a step.

At the next position, the backfill from the bin of the flask is filled with molding sand. Further, at the packing position with a packet of freely falling unrelated metal bars, the required molding of the molding sand in the flask is carried out. Then, the shearer aligns the top of the half-form, and it enters the steaming position, removes the half-form from the model assembly and sends it to a further operation.

Thus, the machine operates with stops at the time of the operations, i.e. it operates in a pulsating mode, and all operations are performed separately, and each of them uses its own mechanism with one or several drives. All this reduces the productivity of the installation, leads to the application of additional mechanisms (grippers, transfer devices, sense, teleh), complicates the system of automatic control of all mechanisms.

A machine is known that contains successively located wide-face sand-throwing heads, a shear cutter of molding sand from manufactured molds, an accumulator rolling table and feeding flasks to the mating position, a roller removal conveyor for producing molds from the steaming position, a vertically closed chain conveyor with non-overturning carts transporting model assemblies. The carts move in two horizontal sections and two vertical sections interconnected by radius transitions f 3J.

Automatic AFM-600 works as follows.

With the roller of accumulation and feeding of the flasks, the next flask is sent to the pairing position, where it occupies a static fixed position. Close to the movement of the conveyor, the cart enters the section of vertical lifting (mating) and brings a model assembly under the flask, which mates with the flask, removing it from the roller table and transports it to the upper horizontal section under the sand-measuring heads. Each sandblasting head rotates, reflective rollers and belt conveyor drives. However, the feeder belts remain immobile, since their leading drums are rejected.

couplings. When a carriage with a model is installed and the flask enters the zone of action of any of the sanding heads with electroautomatic, its electromagnetic clutch is turned on and the belt feeder starts feeding the molding sand to the rotor. Each sand head in the flask applies one layer of compacted mixture (there are as many heads in the machine as you need to apply layers in the flask). When a carriage with a model assembly, flask, and an applied layer of molding sand leaves the electro-automatics from under the sanding head, the electromagnetic clutch switches off and the belt feeder stops feeding the molding sand to the rotor. At the end of the last sandblasting head, the cutter removes excess molding sand from the top of the half-mold and a model-mounted and half-form mat with a mold and a half-form enters a section of vertical descent (steaming), on which the mold with the model assembly passes between the rollers of the roller table, and

5, its protruding sides of the technological elements linger on these rollers, locking them in a static position. Model mount models are kept out of

0 the molds, and the roller conveyor, having switched on with electroautomatics, removes the floor of the mold from the steaming section, and the carriage with the model assembly goes to the lower horizontal section,

5 passes it and passes to the section of vertical lifting (pairing). A new production cycle of the new half-form begins.

The disadvantage of this design

The automaton 0 is a steaming operation, which is as follows. A cart with model assembly and, therefore, with the manufactured half-form moves with speed

5 0.4-1.0 m / s. When the semi-mold is parked, touching the rollers of the roller table, it is sharply slowed down, which leads to the impact of the half-form on the roller table. At the same time, model-mounted models are pulled out of the half-mold, and thus, at the moment of impact, there is no bottom support for the compacted sand in the half-mold. Due to the inertia arising in the mixture at the moment of impact

5 forces partial destruction of the half-form, manifested in the occurrence of cracks in the molding mixture, collapses of the angles of the imprint of the half-form and the doodles, displacement of the whole molding mixture in the flask, which requires the use of higher flasks and a modeler with rounded shapes;

In addition, in the presence of even insignificant in height elements of models with vertical surfaces of 5 tons {taking into account molding slopes) at the time of a sharp exit (at a speed of 0.4-1.0 m / s) of these elements from the half-form (when steaming) between them an air vacuum is created i.e. the air pressure in the volume formed between them drops. Since, due to the porosity of the molding composition, the air pressure inside it is equal to atmospheric pressure, and a quick equalization of pressure to atmospheric in the ever-increasing volume under consideration between the model elements and the half-form in this design of the automaton is impossible due to resistance to air flow into it through the molding mixture and through the gaps between the vertical surfaces of the elements of the models and the surface of the mm of their imprint in the half-form, in the volumes of the molding mixture adjacent to the vacuum, there are stresses that drive Suitable mold halves to the destruction, in particular to the separation boobs. The effect on the molding mixture of the inertial forces and local rarefaction arising during the stripping does not allow making half-molds using an angular shape and patterns in the imprint on such an automaton, which limits the possibility of using this automaton only to a number of low, rounded forms of castings for example, the linkage of the XT tractor tracked penta and requires an increase in the height of the flasks (to harden the molding sand), which leads to over-expenditure of the sand. The aim of the invention is to create a molding machine for the manufacture of half-pans based on models of any complexity and to reduce the height of the molding boxes used. expansion of technological capabilities of the machine. This goal is achieved by the fact that a molding machine for the manufacture of casting half-molds, socialization of the frame, sandblasting heads and a vertically closed chain conveyor with non-tilting trolleys, is equipped with a frame with extension pins and horizontal guides, triangular g chars with two rollers placed at their corners, moreover, the levers are fixed at free angles at the bottom of the two opposite sides of the non-tilting bogie, with copiers mounted on the frame, one of the rollers of each triangle This lever is located on the copier corresponding to it, and the other is in the horizontal guide frame. FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a molding machine; in fig. 2 is a plan of the positioning of the automat; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2 (initial before stretching position); in fig. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 2 (flask pairing assembly with model wiring) in FIG. 5 shows the position of the model assembly when the triangular lever is rotated 45 from the initial position; in FIG. 6 - the same, when the triangular lever is rotated 90 ° from the initial position, in FIG. 7 - the moment of completion of the process of holding the frame in the upper position. The automaton (Fig. 1) contains devices for filling the flasks with a molding mixture and its seals, each of which includes a hopper 1, a belt feeder 2, a ball-bead sandblasting head 3, a vertically closed chain conveyor with non-tilting trolleys containing trolleys 4 having the support wheels 5 and the holding rollers b, the guide 7dl of the support wheels 5 and the guides 8dl of the holding rollers b. The carriages 4 in the hinges 9 are connected by traction chains 10, enveloping the sprockets 11, the roller carrier 12 for accumulating and feeding the flasks 13, the roller carrier 14 for removing the half-molds 15 and the cutter 16 for the excess compacted molding sand 17. The newly introduced mechanism (Fig. 2, 3, 5-7) consists of triangular levers 18, pivotally fixed in carriages 4 by means of axles 19. A keikdy lever 18 contains two rollers arranged on it: roller 20, moving the frame 21 in the guide 21 of the frame 22, and roller 23 running around the copy machine 24. Under 22 screwed on four removable pin -25, which move t in guide sleeves 26 of those / 1-track 4. Copiers 24 are fixed on the Istanina 27 of the automaton. Each trolley 4 continuously transports on itself according to a model assembly consisting of a model plate 28, a model 29 (or several models) and a pair of pins 30 is paired. In FIG. 3, 5-7 are shown in section through a half-mold consisting of a compacted molding sand mixture 31 and a flask 13 with sleeves 32 (Fig. 4) and technological elements 33 protruding on the sides, which the flask 13 contacts to the rollers 34 of the roll tables 12 and 14. In Fig. 2, the bed of the compacted foil of the mixture 31 is not shown. FIG. 2, 3, 5-7 in the carriages 4 support wheels 5, holding the rollers 6 and their guides 7 and 8, are not shown. The lever 18 is hinged on the bracket 35. The machine works as follows. The cart 4 with model assembly 28, 29 and 30 placed on it moves in the lifting zone vertically

up, being in horizontal position. In this case, the support wheels 5 move along the guides 7, the holding rollers 6 - along the guides 8, and the trolley 4 itself hangs on the fingers of the hinges 9.

Roller 12 to the zone of elevation B serves flask 13 and is fixed in a static position. When lifting the carriage 4, the pairing pins 30 of model mounting enter the sleeves 32 of the flask 13. Lastly, the model mounting is paired, and as the cart 4 is further lifted, the flask 4 is removed from the roller table 12.

When the chains of 10 stars 11 are enveloped, the retaining rollers 6 move to the horizontal section of the 8x direction and support the trolley 4 until the support wheels 5 meet with the horizontal section of the J1TICH 7 direction.

When entering the zone of action of the first sandblasting head 3 (under the action of the sandblasting head means the space into which the molding sand jet is ejected by the flask of the flask 13 transported together with the model assembly by the trolley 4), the belt feeder 2 and the molding mixture of b; nker 1 under the gate 36, which regulates the TOLIENE of the stream 37, is fed to the sand-head. The filling of the flask 13 with the mixture 17 begins and its simultaneous compaction.

When the flask 13 leaves the zone of action of the sand-throwing head 3, the belt feeder 2 is turned off and the feed of the molding sand 31 to the head 3 is stopped.

During the passage of the carriage 4, successively under the heads 3, each of them applies a layer of compacted molding sand 1 in the flask 13. After the carriage 4 leaves the carriage 3 from under it 3, the surplus compacted mixture 17 is removed by a shear 16. half-molds 15. The process is carried out as follows.

The rollers 23 of the levers 18, having touched the copiers 24, begin to roll along them and turn the levers 18 around the axes 19. The working contour of the copiers is designed so that the levers 18 rotate at a constant angular speed. When turning, the levers 18 with their rollers 20 start to act through the direction of the cadmium 21 on the frame 22, lifting it upwards relative to the carriage 4. At the same time, the frame 22 moves with a speed relative to the carriage 4 defined by the formula

VP V (1 - CUS U),

where VP is the frame speed

relative to the carriage, m / s, Vf is the speed of the carriage,

m / s;

d - sector rotation angle within 0-90.

As can be seen from this formula, the raising of the frame begins at low speeds VP. With an increase in the angle a (. The speed VP increases slowly, therefore the frame 22 with its removable screws m. 25 I act on the flask 13, very slowly with the speed VP. It begins to raise the edge of the model assembly (28, 29, 30).

At the moment when the mechanism of preliminary stretching starts, the roller 23 of the lever 18 touched the copier 24. With further uniform lowering of the carriage 4 (Fig. 5), the roller 23, resting on the copier 24, begins to roll along Heriy and turn the triangular lever 18 around the axis 19. With By turning the triangular lever 18 with its roller 20, it acts through the guide 21 on the frame 22, lifting it upwards in relation to the trolley 4. Frame 22, by its removable pins 25 on the side 13, begins to raise the half-shape above the submodel plate 28.

It can be seen from FIG. 5 that, with the triangular lever 18 turned on 45, the roller 20 rises relative to the carriage 4 by a distance h (1 - cos 45 °) 0.2929-00 .. The mold half of the mold rises by the same model.

If we take into account that during preliminary stretching, the mold half should rise above model assembly 28 by an amount of lift to roller 4 of roller 20 equal to 00 and that lever 18 rotates uniformly around its axis 19, then in half the time of the preliminary stretching process (half The duration of the rotation of the triangular lever 18 by 45 compared to the final 90-turn rotation of the half-form rises above the model assembly 28 by only 0.2929 parts of the path required for the path. All this proves a slow onset of the drain.

Moving along the surface of the copier 24, 23 for some time holds the triangular lever 28 in the extreme rotated position. However, depending on the design position of the surface of the copier, the lever 18 may still continue to rotate slightly or may begin a reverse rotation to the initial position (Fig. 3). Depending on the position of the lever 1, the frame 22 is positioned relative to the carriage 4. After the roller 23 has gone The surface of the copier frame 22 with its mass through the guide 21 acts on the roller 20 located in the final position close to the horizontal. Since the triangular lever: 18 is freed from communication with the copier 24, its own mass is sufficient , The center of gravity which is situated away from the axis 19, around which it rotates to rotate it to its original position. The impact of the mass of the frame 22, which the lever 18 no longer holds, accelerates the rotation of this lever 18. The frame 22 freely falls downward from the carriage 4 and is held up in the lowermost position by the roller 20, i.e. in a position in which the axis 00 of the triangular lever 18 takes on a vertical position. The mechanism is ready for a new pre-stretch cycle. The advantages of the proposed technical renovation in comparison with the basic object are that the use in the molding machine of the mechanism of preliminary stretching of half-molds and unstressed lowering them on the roller table makes it possible to use this automatic machine for manufacturing half-molds according to models of any complexity and reduce the height of the flasks used, which expands the scope of its application and reduces the cost of manufacturing half-molds. The use of automata in foundries significantly increases labor productivity and gives a good economic effect. Thus, its use in the steel-making shop with a capacity of 32 thousand tons increases labor productivity in the manufacture of half-molds by 3.7 times and gives an economic effect equal to 190 thousand rubles. in year;

A4

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Claims (1)

MOLDING AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR I-) PREPARATION OF CASTING SEMIFORMS, comprising a bed, sandblasting heads and a vertically closed chain conveyor with non-tilting carts, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities, it is equipped with a frame with lingering pins and horizontal guides, triangular levers with two levers with two rollers arranged at their corners, with levers secured on the free corners of the bottom hinged two opposite sides irreversible trolley cams mounted on Stanishevsky _with no n In this case, one of the rollers of each! g of the lever triangle is located on the corresponding copier, and the other in the horizontal guide frame. SU,. „1066727