SU1063291A3 - Detergent - Google Patents

Abstract

DETERGENT, containing a surfactant, an additive, aluminosilicate, which binds calcium ions dissolved in water and water, characterized in that, in order to improve quality. It contains, as a surfactant, a substance selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzene sulfonate, olefin sulfonate, alkanesulfonate, fatty acid ester sulfonate, polyoxyethyl fatty alcohol; polyoxyethylated oxo-alcohol, polyoxyethylene secondary alcohol and soap, as an additive: the product contains a substance selected -. This group includes sodium carbonate, sodium perborate, silicate, n., sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, an alkali metal tripolyphosphate,; alkanecarboxylic, hydroxycarboxylic or aminocarboxylic acids containing 1-4 carboxyl groups, carboxyalkyl. ether containing three carboxyl groups, alkanediphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid, acrolein-based polyoxypolycarboxylic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, N-alkylated aminotriazine, antifoaming agent, diaminebenzene and sulphate acid and anhydrophilohydrate, as a nit, I am a ligra, and I will be a ligra, and I will be a ligra, and I will be a ligra, and I will be a ligra, and I will be a ligra, and I will be a liter, and I will be a liter, and I will be a liter, I will be a lactic, and I will be a lactic acid, I will be a lactic acid, I will be a lacto, I will be a lactic, and I will be a lacto, I will be a ligra, and I will be a liter, and I will be a lacto, and I will be a liter, and I will be a liter, and I will be a liter, I will be a lactic acid, I will help you to make it. (I) “AIjOj ySiO.aHjO xKat jO where Kat is the cation Na or Na and K; X - from 0.8 to 1.5; f y - from 1 to 6; VZ - from 0.2 to 47, having calcium binding capacity of 60-180 mg CaO / g, determined by suspending 1 g of aluminosilicate (calculated as an anhydrous substance) in 1 liter of calcium chloride solution, corresponding to 300 mg of CaO / l at pH 10 for 15 min at 22 + L + 2®С and titration of the filtrate, P1ri CO N3 with the following ratio of components,. %: tlOBepxHocTHb-active CO substance 6.8-18 Aluminosilicate, bond-. calcium ions dissolved in water,. general formula

Description

The invention relates to detergent compositions.

Detergents and cleansers often contain large amounts of co-condensed phosphates, especially tripolyphosphate, which cause a good cleansing ability of these products. However, phosphate, which enters into the rivers and lakes with water leads to the eutrophication of water, t “e, to strong growth of algae and increased oxygen consumption, as a result of which it is desirable to reduce phosphate from washing and cleaning processes, of funds used for this purpose, or significantly reduce its share in these funds.

Insoluble in water and alkaline solutions are added to powdered and granular detergents and cleansers. They have cation-exchange ability, protective polymers, for example, a cross-linked polymer of divinylbenzene and polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid. For this reason, granular polymers are added to washing water in permeable protective bags, however ontact with washing water is reduced, and thereby effect reduced polymer.

A detergent is known which contains a surfactant, organic and inorganic additives with an additive to soften water a water-insoluble cellulose derivative, for example, phosphorylated cotton Cl.

However, it is necessary to add excessive large quantities of phosphorylated cotton in order to bind the water formers, not to mention the derivatives of the whole pulp, to have less ability to bind calcium, such as sulfoethoxycellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and hydrochloric acid cellulose. Large amounts of additives worsen ifa4ecTBO remedies.

I

A detergent containing a surfactant selected from the group comprising alkylaryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, ethoxylated alkylphenol, an additive selected from the group containing sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium perborate, is also known trichlorocyanuric acid, sodium silicate, sodium polyphosphate, optical bleach, defoamer, bactericide, hydrotrope, aluminosilicate,

binding calcium ions, dissolved in water, of general formula

xNajOv AlgOj zSiO WH- О where X is from O to 2, y is 1, z is from 4 to 16, W is 0.3 to 4, and water is C2.

However, the known detergent is not of high enough quality, since the aluminosilicate in its composition has an insufficient ability to bind calcium.

The purpose of the invention is to improve ka .lecTsa means

The goal is achieved by the fact that washing detergent containing a surfactant, an additive, an alumrrite that binds calcium ions dissolved in water and water, contains a surfactant selected from the group containing alkyl benzene sulfonate, olefin sulfonate , alkanesulfonate, fatty acid ester sulfonate, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylated oxo alcohol, polyoxyethylated secondary alcohol and soap, as an additive, contains ETS selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium perborate, magnesium silicate, sodium silicate, sodium sulphate, alkali metal tripolyphosphate, alkanecarboxylic oksialkankarbonovuyu or aminocarboxylic sour | s having 1-4 carboxyl groups carboxyalkylether containing three carboxyl groups alkandifosfonovuyu acid, polyacrylic acid, polyoxypolycarboxylic acid-based carboxylic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, antifoam agent - N-alkyl aminotriazine optical bleach - diaminostilbend and sulfonic acid as an aluminosilicate binding zyvak Oleg Zhegoyev calcium ions dissolved in water, the means comprises an aluminosilicate of the general formula

xkat20 А120e-У ° 2 2 ° where Kat is the Na cation or Na and K, X is from 0.8 to 1.5, y is from 1 to b, Z is from 0.2 to 47,

Calcium binding capacity of 60.-180 mg CaO / g, determined by suspension of 1 g of aluminosilicate (based on anhydrous substance) in 1 liter of calcium chloride solution, corresponding to 300 mg of CaO / l at pH 10 for 15 minutes at and titration of the filtrate, in the following ratio of components, may.% Surfactant. 6.8-18 Aluminosilicate, binding calcium ions dissolved in water, of general formula (1) 11.3-64.2

2.9-21.5

Water Up to 100 Supplement

Improving the quality of the product is achieved by the fact that aluminum silicates, which are insoluble in water, are completely rinsed from textiles. The use of aluminum silicates causes the discharge of wastewater, since the amount of phosphorus injected into wastewater is greatly reduced or phosphorus does not get there at all. In addition, alkschino silicates can biologically decompose without oxygen.

Aluminosilicate is produced synthetically, for example by reacting water-soluble silicates with water-soluble aluminates in the presence of water. For this purpose, the aqueous solutions of the era of the starting products or the finding in a solid state of a component with another component, which are found in the form of a liquid solution, are mixed.

Aluminum silicates are also obtained by displacing both components in solid state in the presence of water. They are also obtained from AlCOH), AI20 zili Si02 by interaction with solutions of alkali metal silicates or aluminates or from a melt. . .

Used aluminum silicates with cation-exchange ability are formed, however, only if certain precipitation conditions are met, since otherwise products with insufficient cation-exchange capacity or with no other cation having this ability are obtained.

The aluminum silicates converted into aqueous suspensions, obtained by precipitation or by other methods in a highly dispersed state, are converted into a crystalline state by heating to 50–200 s from the amorphous state; however, there is almost no difference between these two types regarding the ability to bind calcium and this ability is It is proportional to the amount of aluminum contained in aluminum silicates. However, crystalline aluminum silicates are preferably used. The preferred ability to bind calcium, which ranges from about 100 to 150 mg of CaO per gram of active substance, is primarily characteristic of compounds of the following composition:

0.7-l, l NajO, 1.3-3.3 SiO.

This total formula encompasses two types of different crystal structures (or their non-crystalline prefabricated products), which differ in their total

formulas:

a) 0.7-1.1 Na-O ,. A1.0 1.3-2.4 SiO, c) 0.7-1.1 Naj, 0Al20j22-3.3 SiO.

The amorphous or crystalline aluminum silicate in aqueous suspension is separated by filtration from the remaining aqueous solution and dried at 50-800 ° C. Depending

depending on the drying conditions, the product contains more or less bound water. Anhydrous products get when. To completely remove water, the product is heated to

The content of the active substance is also determined by the content of the active substance in aluminum silicates.

When working with aluminum silicates, high drying temperatures are not recommended, it is advisable to work

at 400 ° C. The resulting aluminum silicates, containing varying amounts of bound water, after dispersing

filter cake turn into

into a fine powder whose particle size is not more than 0.1 mm.

Aluminum silicates are used, which: 90% by weight consist of a value of 10-0.01 µm, preferably 8-0.1 µm.

During deposition, conditions can be created that promote the formation of small particle sizes by subjecting mixed solutions of aluminates and

silicates to strong shear friction. In the preparation of crystalline aluminum silicates, the formation of large, sometimes overgrowing crystals is prevented by slowly mixing the crystallizing mass.

Despite this, when drying occurs, undesirable agglomeration of crystalline particles occurs, therefore it is recommended to remove these secondary particles, for example, by air classification. You can also use more coarse aluminum silicates, which are crushed to the desired particle size. For this purpose

mills and / or air classifiers, or a combination of these, are suitable, for example.

Aluminum silicates of other cations, such as potassium, are obtained from sodium aluminosilicates. The use of these compounds instead of sodium aluminosilicates may be advantageous if one wishes to achieve a special effect by giving these cations, for example, to affect the dissolved state of simultaneously existing surfactants. (Surfactant).

The amount of aluminosilicate used to achieve good detergency and cleaning ability depends on its ability

to bind calcium, as well as on the amount and degree of contamination of the materials being processed. When using hard water, it is advisable to count the amount of aluminum silicate in such a way that the adequate hardness of water does not exceed (Defoe hardness), which corresponds to 50 mg CaO / l, preferably 0.5-2dH (5-20 mgCaO / l) o It is recommended, in particular for strongly contaminated substrates, to use an optimal excess of aluminum silicates in order to partially or fully bind the scale-forming substances also contained in the separated contaminants. The bocha concentration of aluminum silicates can range from -0.2-10 g LV / L, preferably 1-6 g AB / Lo

In addition, contaminants can be removed much more rapidly and more intensively if a substance that has a complexing and / or precipitating effect on the calcium sealer in the water is added to the finishing solution. Substances with a small complexing ability are also suitable, which so far have been regarded as typical complexing agents for calcium. However, such compounds often have the ability to delay the precipitation of calcium carbonate from aqueous solutions. .

Preferably, small additional additives are used, for example, 0.05-2 g / l of complexing agents or calcium precipitants, in order to significantly speed up or improve the removal of contaminants - much larger amounts are used, however, when using phosphorus-containing complexing agents and precipitating agents, so that the contamination of wastewater with phosphorus is noticeably less than with the use of triphosphate-based detergents used. I.

The complexing agents or precipitators include, for example, higher polyphosphates.

Organic compounds - complexing or precipitating agents for calcium are polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, carboxyalkyl ethers, polyanionic polymers, polymeric carboxylic and phosphoric acids, and in most cases these compounds are used as their water-soluble salts.

The textile materials to be washed can be of various fibers of natural or synthetic origin, for example cotton, regenerated cellulose or flax. Textile products can also contain high-quality cotton or synthetic chemical fibers, for example, based on polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylonitrile,

0 polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride Offered detergents are also suitable for washing textiles made from melange fabric based on synthetic

5 fibers and cotton. ,

When washing and cleaning such substrates using aqueous detergent solutions containing suspended aluminum silicates, the washing or cleansing ability can be improved by components that are usually added to these finishing solutions, such as surfactants, which stabilize the foam or prevent

5 foaming, or substances that do not have or have a surfactant-like effect {softening textiles neutral or alkaline

., responsive skeletal substances, chemical-. very active bleaches, as well as their stabilizers and / or activators, substances that retain dirt, anticorrosive substances, antimicrobial substances, enzymes, bleaches.

dyes and fragrances.

When using one or more of these substances contained in the washing solutions, it is advisable

observe the following concentrations, g / l: surfactant 0-2.5; skeletal substances 0-6, active oxygen 0-0.04 or. equivalent amount of active chlorine.

The pH of the finishing solutions, depending on the substrate to be washed or cleaned, may be 6-13, preferably 8.5-12. ,

The amount of inorganic phosphates and / or organic compounds of phosphorus should not be greater than it corresponds to the total content of the phosphorus of the agent, i.e. 6%, preferably 3%.

For use in the proposed agents, surfactants are suitable, which in the molecule contain at least one hydrophobic organic radical and one water-soluble anionic, amphionic or non-homogenous group. The hydrophobic radical in most cases is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8-26, preferably with 10-22 carbon atoms or

alkyl aromatic radical with 6-28, preferably 8-16 aliphatic carbon atoms.

As anionic surfactants can be used, for example; soap from the natural; or synthetic, preferably saturated fatty acids, or from resin or naphthenic acids. Suitable synthetic anionic surfactants are substances such as sulfonates, sulfates and synthetic carboxylate "

As a surfactant of the sulfonate type, you can use alkyl benzene sulfonates (Sz.5-alkyl), mixtures of alkenium oxyalkanesulfonates with disulfate, which are obtained, for example, from monoolefins. with a red or internal double bond by sulfonation with sulfur trioxide gas and subsequent hydrolysis of sulfonation products in an alkaline or acidic medium. In addition, alkanesulphonates obtained from alkanes by sulfo-sulphurization or sulphonation, and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization or addition of bisulphites to olefins are suitable ;, also, esters of sulfonic fatty acids, for example, ot-sulphonic acids from

methyl or ethyl fatty acids of coconut oil, oil palm or lard seeds. I,.

Anionic surfactants can be used in the form of their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, as well as in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, for example, mono-, dy- or triethanolamine

Additives 4-40, preferably 4-20 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of fatty alcohol 1 can be used as nonionic surfactants. Addition products of 5-16 moles of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols of coconut oil or fat are of particular importance. to oleic alcohol or to secondary alcohols with 8-18, preferably 12-18 carbon atoms. Foaming sposb, you can increase or decrease the combination of suitable types of surfactants to reduce foaming ability can be achieved by adding organic substances that do not act like surfactants. .

Reduction of foaming ability is achieved by combining various types of surfactants, for example, sulfates and / or sulfonates with non-ionic substances and / or soaps. In soaps, antifoaminess increases with the degree of saturation and the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical; therefore, saturated Cio-j.4-fatty acid soaps are particularly suitable as defoaming agents.

Non-surfactant foaming warning agents included N-alkylated aminotriazine obtained by reacting 1 mol of cyanuric chloride with 2-3 mol of mono- and / or dialkylamine with 6-20, preferably 8-18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.

The aqueous finishing solution for textile materials contains a surfactant component of 1 part by weight. nonionic and 0.3 weight.h. anionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants are a mixture of more or less ethoxylated compounds containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 10-18 carbon atoms, in which, for 1 weight parts of nonionic compounds with 8-20 ethylene glycol ether radicals, 0.2- 2 pts.cho compounds with 2-6 ethylene glycol ether radicals in the molecule.

As a result of the use of such a surfactant component, the concentration of which is preferably 0.3-3 g / l, in a mixture with cation-exchange ability of aluminum silicates, dirt is better removed, preferably in fatty and oily contaminants.

As skeletal substances suitable slightly acidic, neutral or alkaline reacting inorganic or organic salts.

Weakly acidic, neutral or alkali-reactive salts are, for example, alkali metal bicarbonates, carbonates, borates or silicates, alkali metal sulphates, as well as salts of p; alkaline metal with organic, non-capillary-active sulfonic and sulfocarboxylic with acids.

All of the compounds mentioned as complexing agents or precipitating agents for calcium can be used as skeletal substances, so the IB of the proposed agents can be in large quantities, which is necessary to perform their function as a complexing agent or calcium precipitator.

The components are preferably used as detergents for textiles or as cleaning agents for household products, in particular skeletal substances, in most cases they are chosen so that the preparations have a neutral to strongly alkaline reaction, and the pH value is 1% the solution of the drug 3 in most cases ranges from 7-12. Laundry detergents, such as J fine fabrics, in most cases have a neutral to weakly alkaline reaction (pH 7.-9.5), while detergents for prewash and boiling have a stronger alkaline pH value ( 9.5-12., Preferably 10-11.5). If higher pH values are necessary for singing cis cleaning purposes, alkali metal silicates of the appropriate ratio or caustic alkalis are used. Among the compounds used in quality from belivators, giving in void 02, sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaB02 x H202ZN20) and monohydrate (NaB02 H202) can be used. Other borates, for example, pyrobur, are recommended. Water-insoluble stabilizers for peroxide compounds together with the latter enter into the total mixture in the amount of 0.25-10 VEC%. As water-insoluble stabilizers, which are, for example, 1-8, preferably 2-7 wt.% based on on a common drug, suitable for in most cases, precipitated from aqueous solutions of magnesium silicates in a ratio of MgOrSioy 4: 1-1: 4, preferably 2: 1-1: 2 and, in particular 1: 1 They can be replaced with silicates of other alkali metals, cadmium or tin in an appropriate ratio. As stabilizers, tin oxide containing b may also be used. Water-soluble stabilizers that may be present together with water-insoluble stabilizers are organic complexing agents, the amount of which may be 0.25-5, preferably 0.5-2.5 wt.% Based on the total drug. In order to achieve a satisfactory whitening effect already at temperatures below 60 ° C, in particular 60-40 ° C, bleaching components containing activators are added to the preparations. As activators for peroxide compounds giving in water H202, certain peracid organic compounds forming H202, N-acyls of O-acyl compounds, are used. In addition, the proposed preparations may contain substances that are separated from the rollers and suspended in solution. Gray color notion. Dish detergents may contain optical brighteners for cotton tissue, in particular derivatives of diaminosilicone disulfonic acid or its alkali metal salt. Of particular interest are the proposed means of powdered and granular compositions that can be obtained by all known methods. Powdered aluminum silicates, for example, can simply be mixed with other components; detergents, and oily or pasty products, for example non-aiaogenic substances, are sprayed onto powders. It is also possible to introduce hypmini powder-like silicates into the mixture of OTHER components of the product in the form of aqueous mixture, which is converted into powder by crystallization processes or by drying the water with hot air. After drying at elevated temperatures, for example, on shafts i in the spray corona, components sensitive to high temperatures and moisture, such as bleaching components and their activators, enzins, antimicrobial substances, etc., can be introduced into the mixture. Example 1. In a 15-liter vessel, a solution of silicates is added to the diluted deionized water solution of the aluminates, strongly stirred, and both solutions have a room temperature. In an exothermic reaction, an amorphous sodium aluminum silicate is formed as the primary precipitation product. After a 10-minute vigorous stirring, the slurry of the precipitated product is fed to the Crystallizer, where it is held for some time for the purpose of crystallization. After sucking the solution from the porridge of crystals and further rinsing with deionized water until the pH of the flowing wash water reaches about 10, the residue is dried on the filter. In some cases, for example, a homogenized crystallized suspension of the precipitated product or crystal can is used for testing the application technique. The water content is determined by heating the products to 800 ° C for 1 hour. In the preparation of microcrystalline aluminum silicates, a solution of silicates is added to a dilute deionized water solution of the aluminates and treated with a multi-turn stirrer. After 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, I pour the suspension of the amorphous precipitation product: g into the Crystallizer, where the formation of large crystals is prevented by mixing. After sucking the solution from the porridge of crystals and further rinsing with deionized water until the pH of the flowing water reaches about 10, the residue is dried from the filter, then it is ground in a ball mill and centrifugal separator is divided into two fractions, of which the fraction does not contain particles larger than 10 um. The particle size distribution is determined by sedimentation weights. The degree of crystallization of aluminum silicate is determined by comparing the intensity of the interference 5 lines of the x-ray diffraction diagram of the corresponding product with the corresponding diagrams of x-ray amorphous or fully crystallized products. The ability of aluminum silicates to bind calcium is determined as follows: To 1 l of aqueous, containing 0.594 g of CaCl2 / 300 mg CaO (l 30 ° an), a solution with NaOH adjusted to pH 10, 1 g of aluminum silicate (based on AB) is added . The suspension is then stirred for 15 minutes at 22 ° C + 2 ° C. After filtering the aluminum silicate, the residual stiffness x of the filtrate is determined. From these data, it is possible to calculate the calcium binding capacity using the formula (30's) -10 (mSaO / gAV). If the ability to bind calcium is determined at higher temperatures, for example, when-always get better results than with 22Ci. Aluminum silicates are different from most of the known soluble complexing agents. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate I. To precipitate use 2.986 g of aluminate solution (17.7% Na20, 15.8% 66.6% HgO), 0.15 kg of sodium hydroxide - 9.420 kg of water and 2,445 freshly prepared from liquid glass and easily soluble. in alkalis cream neva acid 25.8% aqueous solution of sodium silicate 1 NajO 6.0 SiOg. Crystallization occurs within a day at, and drying for a day at, Get full crystalline aluminum silicate. Composition X X1 A120-2, 04 Si024, (21.6% N. The ability to bind calcium 150 mg CaO / g AV. If the obtained product is further dried for 1 hour, aluminum silicate 1a is obtained with the composition 0.9 Nap .. - 2.04 SiOn 2, 0 -H20 (11.4% HgO). Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate II. For precipitation use 2.115 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% 5.8% AIjOj and 66.5% H20) 0.585 kg of sodium hydroxide, 9.615 kg of water, 2.685 kg of 5.8% sodium silicate solution remaining lNa20 «6S102, obtained taxically described. Crystallization occurs during the day at., And drying during the day at and 20 torr. A full crystalline aluminum silicate of the composition 0.8 xlAljO -2.655 Si025.2 is obtained. The ability to bind calcium 120 mg CaO / g B. Because of the product, it is further dried for 1 hour at a composition of 0.8 1A120z-2.65 SiOj x 0, 2 can remove water. Product dehydration. It is also suitable for the proposed purposes. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate III. For precipitation, 2.985 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% HajO; 15.8% AlgOj and 66.5% H20) are used; 0.150 kg of caustic soda; 9.420 kg of water and 2.445 kg of a 25.8% sodium silicate solution. 6si02, obtained as described above. Crystallization does not occur, and drying occurs during the day at 25 ° C and 120 Torr. X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate is obtained. Composition: 0.9 -.lAIjO-jx 2fO SiOj 47 H2O Ability to bind calcium 160 mg Cao / g AB, Conditions for obtaining aluminum silicate IV (comparison). To precipitate, 2.985 kg of aluminate solution (.17.7% NajO; 15.8% AIjOj and 66.5% HzO), 0.150 kg of sodium hydroxide are used; 9.420 kg of water and 2.445 kg of a 25.8% solution of sodium silicate of the composition lNa, p bju, obtained analogously as described. Crystallization does not occur, and drying occurs during the day at 100 ° C, then for 1 h at 40 ° C. X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of composition 0.9 NajO-lAI.jO 2.04 Si020, l HgO is obtained. The ability to bind calcium is additional. This amorphous sediment calcium binding capacity is reduced to 20 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate V, 4.17 mg of solid aluminate (38% and 62% AIjOs) are used for precipitation; 10.83 kg of a 34.9% sodium silicate solution of the composition iNajO - 3.46 Si02. Crystallization does not occur, and drying takes place during the day at

X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of composition 1.5 lAI-Orf xSSiOj3N3ZOo is obtained. The ability to bind calcium 140 mg CaO / g AB.

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate VI.

To precipitate, 8.37 kg of aluminate solution (20.0% Na, 0; 10.2% A110 and 69.8% HjO), 0.09 kg of caustic soda are used; 5.34 kg of water and 1.20 kg of microcrystalline silicic acid (Aerosil).

Crystallization does not occur, and drying takes place during the day at.

An x-ray amorphous silicate 15 aluminum of composition 0.9 Na20 x2, -04, 7H20o is obtained. The ability to bind calcium 145 kg CaO / g AB

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate VII, .20

3.255 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% 15.8% and 66.5% H20), 0.060 kg of caustic soda, 9.465 kg of water and 2.22 kg of a 34.9% solution of sodium silicate 25 of composition lNa20- 3 46 Si02.

Crystallization does not occur, and drying is carried out during the day at 100 ° C.

X-ray amorphous silicate JQ of aluminum of composition 1H201AI20 2Si02 x1H2P is obtained. Capability to bind calcium 150 mg CaO / g AB,

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate VII. 35

For the deposition, 2.11 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% NagO, 15, 8% A1203 and 66.5%), 0.585 kg of sodium hydroxide are used; 9.615 kg of water and 2.685 kg of a 25.8% solution of sodium silicate with a composition of lNa20 6siQ2.

Crystallization does not occur, and drying is carried out during the day at 100 ° C,

An X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of the composition 0.8 Ka20 lAIjO x2.65 Hg-ynOd is obtained. Ability to bind calcium 60 mg CaO / g AB,

Conditions for the preparation of silicate IX, .- JV

3.14 kg of a solution of aluminate (21.4% Li, 15.4% and 63.2% HjO) are used for precipitation. 10.46 kg 1.13 kg of a 34.9% sodium silicate solution of composition lNa20 -3, 46310.,

Crystallization does not occur, and drying is carried out during the day at, -.

X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of the composition iNagO 1A1203 ISiOi × 4H20 is obtained. Method; to bind calcium-calcium .120 mg CaO / g AB

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate: nx,

To precipitate use 2.935 kg of aluminate solution (14.1% Na20; 65

17.2% A7.2Q-} and 68.6% HjO), 6.93 kg of water; 5.235 kg 34.9% -tioro sodium silicate solution of composition lNa20 3,46Si

Crystallization does not occur, and drying takes place during the day at.

An x-ray amorphous silicate, of composition lAl2Clj5si02 to x2.8H20, is obtained. The ability to bind calcium is 100 mg CaO / g AB.

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XI.

2.86 kg of aluminate solution (13.8% 16.7%, and 69.5% H20) are used for precipitation; 6.01 kg of water and 6.13 kg of 34.9% -Horf) sodium silicate solution of composition lNa20-3,46Si

Crystallization does not occur and drying is carried out for a day at 10 ° C.

 X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of approximately .1A120z-6si023.2H20 composition, Calcium bind ability 60 mg CaO / g

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XII.

For precipitation, 2.01 kg of aluminate solution (20,% LazO, 10.2% AIjOj and 69.8%), 1.355 kg of caustic soda are used; 9.405 kg of water and 2.19 kg of a 28.8% sodium silicate solution of composition lNa20. bSio (obtained as described above).

Crystallization occurs during the day at 80 ° C. And drying is carried out during the day at

Full-crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.9Na; 20A: lAIjO 3-2510.2 ZIgO- The ability to bind calcium, 160 mg of CaO / g ABo

Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XIII

For precipitates use 2.985 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% Na20, 15.8% Al2O3 and 66.5% H20); 0.150 kg of caustic soda; 9.420 kg of water; 2,445k 25.8% sodium silicate solution of composition iNcU) 6si02 (obtained in the same way as described)

Crystallization occurs during the day at 80 ° C. To obtain potassium aluminum silicate, the solution is sucked off, the residue is washed with water and suspended in an aqueous solution containing .KCl. After heating for 30 minutes to 80-90 ° C. Stir and rinse. Drying occurs within 24 hours,

Get full crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0,28Na20x i0, 1AT20. 2.048102- 4; ЗН20, Ability to bind calcium 170 mg CaO / g AB.,

 Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XIV. 8.450 kg of aluminate solution (11.3% NajO; 18,.% And 70.0% HgO) and b, 550k 34.9% sodium silicate solution of the composition iNajO3.46810 are used for precipitation. Crystallization drying does not occur. X-ray amorphous aluminum silicate of composition l, 5Na20lAI O 2Si02H20i The ability to bind calcium 120 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate. XV, For the precipitation, the compounds used in the preparation of aluminum liquor XIV are used for precipitation. Crystallization occurs within 24 hours, and drying does not occur. Get crystalline silicon | and aluminum of composition l / BNa O. H 20. Ability to bind calcium 170 mg Ca6 / g AB "The size of the primary particles of aluminum silicates T-XV varies 1045 microns. All-crystalline alumina XVI of composition O, 92Na20 1A120e "jl, 8Si023,7lH20 with the ability to bind calcium 180 mg CaO / g AB is obtained similarly to aluminum silicate XII. Conditions for the preparation of silicate alumi 1m. The precipitation is carried out as in aluminum silicate I, crystallization for 6 hours at 90 ° C, and drying for 24 hours at. A full crystalline aluminate silicate of the composition 0.9Ma20 "2.04Si02 4/311: 20 (21.6% H20 Ability to bind calcium 170 m CaO / g AB is obtained. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate named. The precipitation is carried out. As in silicate aluminum II, crystallization for 12 hours at, and drying for 24 hours at 100 C and 20 Torr. A full crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.8Na20xxlA1203-2, 65si 02-5, 21 is obtained. The ability to bind calcium is 145 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XII m. The precipitation is carried out as in aluminum silicate XII, crystallization for 6 h at 90 s, and drying for a day at 100 s. A full-crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.9Na20r x1A120z is obtained. 2Si02ЗНгО. Ability to bind calcium 175 mg, CaO / g AB. Conditions for obtaining silicate ximeny XIII Mc. Deposition is carried out as in aluminum silicate XIII, crystallization in for 6 hours at 90 ° C. In order to obtain potassium aluminum silicate, the solution is sucked off, the residue is washed with water and suspended in an aqueous solution containing KCl. After heating for 30 minutes to 80-90 ° C, it is filtered and washed. Drying is carried out at 24 hours. A 0.28Ka20 xO, 62K20, full crystal Chrisilic aluminum silicate is obtained. 1AI20, - 2.04Si04 4, ZN20. Ability to bind calcium 180 mg CaO / g AB. . Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XV m. The precipitation is carried out as in aluminum silicate XIV, and the crystallization during the day at 80 ° C. Fil. The sediment is not dried, but after washing it is suspended in water and in this form is used for research on the technique of application. A complete eistallic aluminum silicate of composition 0.9Ka20x lAIgOj23102NoO is obtained. The ability to bind calcium 170 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XVII. The precipitation is carried out as in aluminum silicate .XVI, the crystallization is carried out for 6 hours at 90 s, and the drying is carried out on a tasting day at. A full-crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.9Na20x is obtained. 23102-4.4H20, Calcium Binding Ability, 172 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XVIII m. To precipitate use 2.96 kg of aluminate solution (17.7% KajO; 15.8% A1203 and 66% HjO), 0.51 kg of caustic soda, 8.45 kg of water and 3.00 kg of sodium silicate solution (8.0% Na20, 26.9% Si02, and 65.1% H20). Crystallization occurs for 12 hours at 90 ° C, drying for 12 hours at. A full-crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.93I-20x 1A120z.2.753102-5.5 H20 is obtained. The ability to bind calcium .125 mg CaO / g AB. Conditions for the preparation of aluminum silicate XIX Mo. About 76 kg of aluminate solution (36.0%, 59.0% Al2 O3 and 5.0% H20) are used for precipitation; 0.49 kg of water and 3.94 kg of sodium silicate solution (8.0% Al 2 O3, 26.9% 8102 65.1% H20). Crystallization occurs within 12 hours at 90 ° C, while acidification takes 12 hours at 100 ° C. Get a full crystalline aluminum silicate of composition 0.9Na20 x1A120z-3.181025N20). Ability to bind calcium 110 mg CaO / g AB.

The sedimentation analysis of the granulometric composition of microcrystalline 1 m XIII m and XVII th - XIX m microcrystalline products is (maximum particle size 3-6 µm),%: more than 40 µm O, less than 10 µm 85-95; more than 8 microns 50-95.

Granulometric composition of the product XV m (maximum particle size 1-3 MJfMJ,% {more than 40 microns O, less than 10 microns 100, less than 8 microns 99 o

Soy-like components present in detergents, for example, co-surfactants, other organic as well as inorganic salts, are present in the form of sodium salts. This is also valid for precipitation retarders, which for simplicity are indicated by the names of the corresponding acids.

Cotton fabrics or melange fabrics made of polyesters and cotton with finishing, which for the experience are contaminated with soot, iron oxide, kaolin and skin rye, are washed in a solution of alummine silicates at tap water temperature with a hardness of 16, partly in a laundermeter (device for measuring strength) for washing) in a drum washing machine with a capacity of 4 kg of linen (25 liters of washing liquor) o In the laundermeter in each vessel two test subjects are placed (each weighing 2.1 g) and two uncontaminated surfaces from the same material weighing 2.1 g in a drum washing machine is put six subjects mp dormancy (size 20x20 cm each) and 3.8 kg uncontaminated tissue of the same kind.

The concentration of aluminosilicate otelochnykh solutions, as well as the content of aluminosilicates in detergent compositions, refer to the anhydrous component of the product (determined by the hours of water removal at 800c), the same is valid for applying suspensions of x-ray amorphous precipitation product or for crystal porridge

Cold tap water is used for rinsing.

After washing the tray in the laderometer, the Vix should be rinsed four times in tap water each time. within 30 s. In experiments conducted in a conventional washing machine, the washing and rinsing process is determined by an automatic washing program intended for washing the corresponding textile material. After knitting and ironing textiles, their luminance factor is measured. Fabrics used for experiments before the experiment have a coefficient of brightness of about 43%.

Example 2 To demonstrate an improvement in the detergency of aluminum silicate-containing detergent obtained by mixing dry aluminum silicate with perborate, a precipitating inhibitor, and a detergent powder obtained by spraying in a hot state that does not contain these three components, by adding complexing agents or precipitants for calcium, - detergents of the following composition are used,%; ABS (salt obtained by condensation of unbranched olefins with benzyl and sulfonation of the resulting alkyl. Benzene alkyl benzene sulfonic acid with 10-15, preferably 11-13, carbon atoms in the alkyl chain) 5.3; TA + 14Ab (addition product of ethylene oxide; fatty alcohol fat) 2.0; Soap. С22 as a component of fatty acid contains a hardened mixture of the same amount of fatty acid lard and rapeseed oil), complexing agent or precipitator for calcium O or 4.2, - aluminosilicate. 1a 45.0; perborate 22.1, NajO 3.3Si022.5, PMC (carboxymethylcellulose salt) 1.2, MgSiO If 7 / Na.jSO 2.1 and 11.1.

For washing the finished cotton fabric, 9 g / l detergent is used, the bath module is 1:12.

Wash for 30 min at 90 С 5 laundermeter „

The results of washing are given in table. one.,

Table

Na PjO 71.0

Alanya 68,9

ZGlutamic acid72,0

Nitrilotriuksusna

acid71,0

 . Continued tabl,

;: z :::::: r ::: //. :: r .. ::::::

Ethylenesstate tetraacetic acid, 67.5

N.N-dinetilamino-.

methandiphosphone a

acid71,0

Yulcic acid 69.5

Polyoxy-polycarboxylic acid I71,7

Polyoxy-polycarboxylic acid II72.0

Both of the latter acids are obtained by the polymerization of acrolein and the processing of the polymer by the Canniciar reaction. in the presence of formaldehyde.

A detergent of the above formulation, in which the complexing agent or calcium precipitator and silicate are completely replaced by sodium tripolyphosphate, under the washing conditions described, a coefficient of 72.5 is obtained.

When using detergent, the following composition in wt.%: ABS 5,3;

TA + 14AO 2.0; ь ® ле left acid 4,2; aluminosilicate VIII (calcium binding capacity 60 mg CaO / g) 45.0, sodium perborate 22.1; Na20 35i02 2.5; CMC 1.2 / MgSiOj 1.7; Na2S04 2.1 and HgO 11.1, the luminance factor is 66.5%

When using detergent, which instead of aluminosilicate VIII contains al 4b silicate IV, which has the ability to bind calcium. 20 mg CaO / g, the luminance factor is 48% (luminance factor of the original tissue is about 43%) „

Example 3. Gradual replacement of the detergent in the triphosphate detergent with aluminum silicate.

The composition of my funds,% t ABiS 5.3; TA -f 14AO 2.0; Soap, 2-33.4; aluminosilicate la 45-0.0; NaB02 "H2023H20 22, Ij NajO, 3.3f5i02 2.5 {CMC J., 2; MgSiOj 1,6, - 2.1 and ttgp the rest.

For washing the finished cotton fabric, 9 g / l detergent is used, the modulus of the solution is 1:12.

Wash for 30 minutes at 90 ° C in the laundermeter.

The results of washing are given in table. 2

Table

15

20

25

thirty

35

Examples 4 and 5. Washing capacity of two offered detergents. means (e) for various textile materials compared with detergents (v), in which aluminum silicate is replaced.

Yushchy means have the compositions given in table. 3

Table 3

OA + 10AO (adduct of ethylene oxide, in technical oleic alcohol)

Soap C,

- .- 15.0 15.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 33.4 2.5 10.0 3.0

iKoKnoHeHT

AL10mosilicate 1a

1HaB02y 2ZNdo. 3.3SiO

ate

MgSlOj.

N & jSO

 washing uses natural and Ofdelannuts} Cotton fabrics, meldnzhe: vu1o fabric from cotton and polyEfie | E (a. 25,. Detergents 3v and Ze take 9 p / l, and 4v and 4v - 7.5 g / l. Module P Dimension 6. Detergents 9a, having compositions 5a and 5c, are listed in Table 5, are suitable for use in the pr.chechex.

Table 5

1,41,4

7,67,6

18,

5.45,4

Continued table. 3

detergent in the detergent & sp.%

 Memory. hi.y i

45.0. 27.0

22D 22.124.0 24.0

2.52,510.0 10.0 1, .2 1.2 -. - 1.7 1.7 - -.

19.0 2.1 30.0 10.0

5.68.4 8.0 8.0

 The detergent 6a can be replaced with an organic complexing agent that does not contain phospho-65 RH 1: 5, drum washing and washing with a washing program for washing, maximum temperature. The results of washing are given in table. 4. Prev 1bl, The content of the component in the detergent,%

Calcium, in detergent 6c, HEDP (1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid salt) or other calcium-complexing phosphonate, not containing 1Cm of phosphorus | {calcium complexing agent or not forming a complex calcium precipitant (for example, oxalic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid in the form of their hydrostatic: soluble salts)

Under the following conditions, each of these products is washed with a normally soiled household laundry in the washing machine, with a centrifuge containing 90 kg of laundry with tap water, softened to hardness 5,

In the first course of washing is used; 25 g of washing medium; per 1 kg of dry linen. Modulans 1: 4. Wash, for 9 minutes at.

In the second course of washing, 20 g of detergent and O, 6 g of active oxygen (in the form of H2P2) are used per 1 kg of dry laundry. . Bath module 1: 4. Wash for 12 at 90 C,

Rinsing is carried out 2 times with softened water and 2 times with not softened water. In both cases, the x-result, the wash is completely satisfactory.

Example 7. Detergent intended for washing heavily soiled working clothes has the following composition,%: OA + 10AO 18.0; i 60, O, aluminosilicate V 12.0; O-carboxymethyl-tartronic acid. sodium salt 5 ,, 5; CMC i, 3, bleach (diaminostilbendisulfonic acid) 0.3; HjO 2.9.

TA + 14Ab Aluminosilicate VII

NasPjOio, Citrate-sodium

. E b t A (,; etol et diamentetrauxus) Example 8. Bleaching; auxiliary detergents, of which the product is suitable as an additive to washing liquors in industrial laundries and product b as an additive, effective in cold water for additional rinsing, have jcocTaB given in tab, 6 / Table b

10 36,

- 18.0

20

five

thirty

The compositions of other detergents containing aluminosilicate are given in table. 7 (examples 9-12) table. 8 (examples 13-16),

T a b l and c. A 7

7.0 10,310,76,8

52; 1 47,251,264,2

5,13,26,2

7.3 -2.1

The content of the component in the tool, wt.% According to examples

Component

NRK-sulfonate (obtained from the hydrogenated palatone wood fatty acid methyl ester by sulfonation with SOj)

Abs. The cation-exchange aluminosilicates used improve the detergency of detergent and replace tripolyphosphate in whole or in part. If the composition contains a triphosphate, it can be replaced with a phosphorus-containing band of formers. Suitable complexing agents are listed in Table. (oxalic acid is not a complexing agent, but a precipitant). Although the aluminosilicates do not dissolve in water, they can be easily rinsed out of washed textile materials, and deposits for sewage do not form in the washing machine and pipes, described in examples 3-16 experiments or means are also carried out or prepared using microcrystalline silicosilicates. Microcrystalline aluminum silicates have at least a better detergency if the compared products have the same composition as T9T.

Table 8

sixteen

2.6

1.6

4.7-7.1 In particular, aluminum silicates of XIIm (example 2), lm (example 3), XIII m (example 4), XIII m (example 5), XU11m (example 6, wherein MauRlO in detergent 6a can be replaced with a phosphorus-free organic complexing agent for calcium, in detergent 6b with HEDP, or another calcium-containing phosphorus-containing phosphonate that does not contain phosphorus complexing agent for calcium or does not form a complex with a calcium precipitant, for example oxalic, adipic or sebacic acid form of their water soluble salts), II m (Example 7), 1 m (Example 8), XII (Examples 9-12) and XVII m (Examples 13-16). With the use of aluminosilicates XVI li or XIX m, the detergents are given in Table. 9 (examples lt-20). 10 (examples 21-24).

.HajSO -l- HjO 8.0 6.4 10.2 19.0 .. 13 tab. 11 shows some of the proposed detergents, boc JtasH, compounds 1 and 2, are: the most important means for the complete washing process, which can be used for household use, in sour laundry and for washing variegated or white textile materials at 40-100C, preferably SO-IOO C. 65

Table 9 d6a of the product obtained according to compounds 3 and 4, are intended for industrial laundries, npH4ef4, the first agent is used for prewash, and the second - for the main thing. , . EDTA can be replaced. With the same amount of HEDP or dimethylaminomethane-disulfonic acid salt, the same amount

Phosphate emulsifier, not sober: phosphorus l, for example, salt lemon + 14AO

TA + 5Ab.

KA 4- CJSC (product of ethylene oxide to fatty coconut oil 1

SA - f (product of addition of ethylene oxide to secondary aliphatic C-c -spirt)

SA ZAY

ABS

Olofinsulfonate

HSt-su fonat (obtained from hydrogenated methyl G-o fatty acid ester by sulfonation 50z

Alkanesulphonate (obtained by sulfolane oxidation from paraffins with carbon atoms)

Soap

Antifoam- (N-alkylated aminotriazine).

Aluminosilicate I

V. VII.

Xii

Xvi. .

Na PjOfO

CMTS (salt of o-carboxylmethyltartronic acid)

EDTA ..

NB, O- 3.3810 NajjCOj

HaBOj-HgOjBH.O

Homo acid or o-carboxymethyl tartronic acid.

T a 6 l and qa G1

6.5 5.0 9.6

3.5 - 4.4

- 2.5 "

4.51.8

3.5

2.5

3.0

3,02,0

0.8

0.6

20.0

. 30.0

25.0

28.0

40.0

10.0

7.0

Continued table. eleven

Claims (2)

A detergent containing a surfactant, an additive, an aluminosilicate that binds calcium ions dissolved in water, and water, characterized in that, in order to improve quality. VA means, it contains as a surfactant a substance selected from the group, co? containing alkylbenzenesulfonate, olefin sulfonate, alkanesulfonate, fatty acid ester sulfonate, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol polyoxyethylated oxo alcohol, polyoxyethylated secondary alcohol and soap, as an additive, the agent contains a substance selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium morbate, sodium perborate , Ni., sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, 'alkali metal tripolyphosphate, alkane carboxylic, hydroxyalkane carboxylic or aminocarboxylic acids containing 1-4 carboxyl groups, carboxyal yl ester containing three carboxyl groups alkanediyl * · phosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polioksipolikarbonovuyu acid based on acrolein, carboxymethylcellulose, defoamer - N-alkylated amino triazines, optical brightener - and diaminostilbendisulfokislotu as alumino-. the silicate that binds calcium ions dissolved in water, the product contains aluminosilicate of the general formula (I) xKat -AIjOj ySiO ^ .zH ^ O where Kat is the cation Na or Na and K ;, x - from 0.8 to 1.5; y - from 1 to 6; ζ - from 0.2 to 47, having the ability to bind calcium 60-180 mg yaO / g, determined by the suspension of 1 g of aluminosilicate (based on * anhydrous substance) in 1 l of a solution of calcium chloride corresponding to 300 mg of CaO / l at pH 10. for 15 minutes at 22 + + 2 ° C and titration of the filtrate, in the following ratio of components, <wt.%: Surfactant Aluminosilicate, binding calcium ions, dissolved in water, of the general formula (ί). Water. Additive SU „ _p 1063291 L