SU105730A1 - The method of automatic control of the thermal power station - Google Patents

Description

In thermal power plants, frequency and electrical load control is carried out by one control system, and steam parameters and load distribution between boilers are controlled by another control system, and both systems are completely unrelated to each other. The lack of communication between these control systems leads to the fact that the stations do not operate in the most advantageous mode and, moreover, when the electrical load on power plants changes, significant deviations of steam parameters from nominal ones are observed, which in turn leads to the need for manual labor for maintaining a given mode of operation of the station.

This is because the frequency (power) regulator acts on the steam inlet to the turbine and does not affect the fuel inlet to the boilers.

The considered method of automatic control of the thermal power station eliminates the above disadvantages, since the automatic frequency controller (or active power) installed at the station affects not only the steam inlet to the turbines (the active load distribution device URAN, generating new tasks for the load turbines in accordance with their characteristics of the relative increase in steam consumption), but also on the main regulator of the boilers, which reacts to the steam pressure in the line and affects, in howl turn to individual regulators boilers and pa device (URAN) boiler, generates new tasks for the boiler load. The impact on these devices is carried out through execution units.

In order to explain this method in FIG. 1 shows a structural scheme for regulating the operation of a thermal power plant with a common steam pipe; in fig. 2 shows a similar scheme, but for a power plant operating a unit .ng. boiler-turbo generator; in fig. 3 is the same scheme, but for a power plant with a pre-connected turbine; in fig. 4 is a diagram of a power plant having two boilers of different pressures.

When the frequency deviation in the power system (Fig. 1), for example,

It acts on the steam inlet to the turbines and on the fuel inlet to the boilers, carried out the fuel intake, depending on the algebraic sum of deviations from the set values of both the electrical parameter and the steam pressure and loading between the units (boilers, turbines), are distributed according to their characteristics. relative increases in fuel consumption and, accordingly, steam, and when the load is low | a) the latter is limited to the minimum minimum allowed by the conditions of ensuring the stable operation of each unit separately.

 2. The control method of claim 1, used for thermal power plants, in which boilers operate on a common steam pipe, characterized in that the load distribution between the turbines and boilers is carried out in accordance with their economic characteristics.

3. The method of regulation, but clause I, used for a thermal power plant operating in a block system: a boiler-turbine-heater, characterized in that by acting on the steam inlet into the turbines, the load is distributed between the blocks.

4. The control method according to claim 1, used for thermal power plants having upstream turbines, the steam from which is supplied to B is a common steam line, characterized in that the load distribution between the reduced-pressure turbine units is performed only when the electrical parameter deviates from the set value, and the loads are not connected turbine generators are adjusted depending on the amount of iar that is injected into the common steam line from the non-included turbines and low-pressure boilers.

5. The control method according to claim 1, used for a thermal power plant having two or more boiler installations with pressure of separate with separate common steam lines, characterized in that the load distribution between units of the same pressure is made in accordance with the characteristics of relative increments of fuel consumption or a pair of units , and the distribution of the load between parts of the power plant of low pressure - but equality of relative increases in fuel consumption (cost of electricity).

slider to the left of the limiter voltage The output of the potentiometer remains unchanged regardless of the position of the slider.

Regulation of the operating mode of the tenlow power plant, operating in blocks: boiler-turbine-generator-G (see Fig. 2) is also carried out with the help of the device (URAN), but in this case the block characteristics are typed in it: boiler-turbine-generator. For a more efficient operation of the boiler control system, its automation is also found by the effect of both the deviation of the steam pressure and the frequency deviation in the power system or the electrical load from the specified value. The latter effect in this case may not be supplied to the vapor pressure regulator, but directly to the boiler execution units, as indicated by the dotted line.

Thermal power plants with pre-connected turbines (see Fig. 3) have the following features: a) the power plants are set by the total total load of all generators; b) the steam entering the medium-pressure turbines is determined not only by the medium-pressure boilers, but also by the exhaust steam of the pre-connected pipes, if it enters the common steam line and therefore the mode of both boilers (high and medium pressure) must be maintained by a common control system; c) the mode of high and medium pressure boiler houses, should be maintained independently if steam from upstream turbines is supplied to industrial customers.

In this case, the steam from the pre-included pipe enters the common 1 medium pressure pipe and the characteristics of only the medium-pressure turbines (TSD) are collected in the URANON device of the turbine units. Characteristic of the unit: a high pressure boiler (HPC) —a high pressure turbo-unit (TVSH is assembled in the URANILE device of the boiler shop, while it must take into account the electric power generated by the high-pressure turbine unit. If such a station regulates not the electrical load, but the frequency then the chains indicated by the dotted line (Fig. 3) must be absent.

If the power plant has two independent boiler plants with different vapor pressures (Fig. 4) and represents, as it were, two power plants operating on a common tire system, then each part of the power plant has its own device (URAN). In these devices, apart from the characteristics of the units, the relative increase in the flow rate TOnjnma of each part of the power plant (in one device (URAN) is a characteristic of a part of average pressure, and in the other, the characteristics of a part of high pressure) are gathered. In the executive unit of each device (URAN), in addition to the control from the measuring unit, the relative gains of both parts of the station are compared. The regulation process ends at the nominal frequency (or at a load equal to the given one) and with equal relative increments in the fuel consumption of both parts of the station, which indicates an economically advantageous mode. The rest of the scheme is similar to that shown in FIG. one.

The presence of an impact from the measuring unit of the frequency control system (electrical load) on the automation of the boilers contributes to the new reliability of the power plant operation and variable operation.

P p with D M with t from P p with 1ЧМ1 and Л

1. A method of automatically controlling the operation of a thermal power plant in which an automatic controller of an electrical parameter (frequency or active) power acts on an automatic active load distributor between turbo sets, characterized in that, in order to work economically in the most favorable way: parameter from a predetermined value, the controller simultaneously acting No. 105730 FIG. 2

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Staidartgiz. Sub. to psch. 4 | V-1957. Volume 0.5 p. L. Circulation 1100. Price 1 rub. Horus Alatyr, printing house number 2 of the Ministry of Culture of the Chuvash ASSR. Zak 3411