SU10399A1 - Electric steam boiler or fluid heater - Google Patents

Description

cervical with proper insulation through the bottom of the boiler. The second pole is formed by a grounded boiler jacket. Above the vessel-electrode there is a vessel 5 connected to the boiler casing, which is consequently connected to the second pole, i.e. also grounded. A pump of the propelled design continuously pumps the water below the boiler into the upper metal vessel 5, from which it can flow through the vertical metal tubes or nozzles 7, as separate free jets 8 into the electrode vessel 2. From here water flows through the vertical drain pipes 9 free jets 10 to the lower space of the boiler. It is also possible to place a metal vessel 11 electrically connected to the boiler casing under the vessel-electrode 2, in the presence of which the length of the jets 10, and hence the resistance, does not depend on the water level in the boiler. Tubes 7 and 9 penetrate into vessels T and 2, and their length varies in steps so that the pouring holes are at different heights. Consequently, depending on the amount of water pumped by the pump 6, more or fewer pipes 7 and 9 come into action, and, consequently, the electrical resistance is determined by a larger or smaller section of water. The circulating amount of water, and with it the capacity of the boiler, can be changed by adjusting the speed of the pump or by using a shut-off vent1 14 included in the circulation pipe 17. When fed with a multiphase, for example, three-phase current, the shell of the boiler with vessels 5 and 11 can serve as the center of the star. In this case, there should be three electrode vessels 2.

Instead of separate tubes 7 ,, 9, tubes can be used divided by partitions 12, 13 with an obliquely cut drain hole 18,

as shown in the two projections on (Jmr. 2 and 3. To calm the water level in vessels 2 and 5, it should be applied;

thread special devices, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to place special caps 15 above the discharge ports of the tubes 7, 9 or, as shown in FIG. 4, the inflowing water may first be directed to the cylinder 16 open from below, from which it exits below and then rises into the tank itself. The devices for adjusting the determined current consumption of the active section for each form of execution are different.

FIG. 5, a distribution vessel 9, open at the top, with lateral outlets 20. 20, is inserted into the boiler. Water jets 21 flowing out of the side fall onto electrodes 2 and form active resistance. By changing the water level in the distribution vessel, the number of jets 21 can be controlled, and together with that, the performance (energy consumption) of the boiler. The outflow of separate water jets 21 proceeds under the static pressure of a rising water column. To prevent, as far as possible, the harmful influence of the upper, i.e. flowing under less pressure, jets to the underlying jets, outlet holes 20 are provided with pockets 23 (FIG. 6) that allow liquid to flow out only after exceeding the level of its upper edge of the pocket, i.e. upon reaching a certain height of pressure for each hole.

The current in the boiler is determined not only by the total cross section of the jets, but also by their length from the outlet 20 to the electrode 22. To make this length independent of the thickness of the 22 water layers flowing down from the electrodes and get, at the same time, good contact between the water jets 21 and electrodes 22, metal grids 24 are placed in front of the electrodes 22 (FIG. 7) electrically connected to the latter, with the jets flowing through an electric circuit and then flowing along the electrode.

To keep the length of the water jets 21 flowing down from the electrodes 22 at a constant suitable for these operating conditions, regardless of the variable water level in the boiler, grounded metal gratings 25 located above the highest water level, t, are located under the electrodes 22 e. under the flowing water jets.

FIG. 8, each group of outlet holes 20 belonging to one electrode is arranged in the form of several vertical slots through which water flows out in strong continuous jets. For better control, the slit 20 can be widened upward (Fig. 9). The electrodes 22 are made perforated and provided with guide vanes 26, so that the water jets falling on them are directed upward again to the wall of the boiler or a metal screen located in front of it and then only fall down. The device shown in Fig. 10 makes it possible to double the number of water jets 21 thrown on the electrode 22. This is achieved by using the second distribution vessel 20, which is located centrically with the distribution vessel 19. The flowing water rises to the same height in both distribution vessels, the inner and externally, and the jets 21 resulting from them fall on

- about located in the middle between them, the electrodes 22.

When powering the boiler three-phase, three are applied, uniformly

About the circumferentially located electrons of the 12Ke – 2 electrodes. 22, the outer distribution vessel is made up of three parts, and the inner one is supplied with three groups of outlets 20 corresponding to the position of the electrodes,

Regulation of the total transverse current determining current; liquid cross section is produced by changing the input quantity t such at a constant speed

vane pump 27, for example, by changing the flow rate

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externally adjustable throttle valves.

With the device of FIG. 11 and 12, a rotary cylindrical distribution vessel 19 is applied. On the surface of the latter, three vertical groups occupying one sixth of the circumference are distributed, outlet openings 20, which, depending on the position of the distribution vessel 19, direct water jets 21 either to electrodes 22 or through the gaps between these electrodes directly to the bottom of the boiler. Of course, it is also possible to install the vessel 19, in which the stream is directed partially to the electrodes 22, partially through the gaps between them. Thus, it is possible to vary the capacity of the boiler at will from full load to zero. Instead of metal gratings 24, here, edges are provided near the electrodes. For greater clarity, in the case under consideration and in other forms of execution, only one group of outlets and one electrode are shown in the vertical projection of the apparatus.

FIG. 13, the fixed distribution vessel 19 is also provided with three groups of outlet openings 20, which can optionally be covered or released to discharge water by means of a piston 29 that is adjustable outside.

FIG. 14-18 The flow of water occurs through a simple weir, the cross section of which / has a predominantly stepped shape (Fig. 17) or another suitable form, for example, triangular, narrowed downwards (Fig. 18), so that even when the water level is lowered in the distribution vessel That is, at a performance x, a continuous jet should always be obtained.

Dispensing vessel. 19 it is possible to give a triangular cross-section (Fig. 18) in order to obtain a longer length — a drain rib and a reduction in the height of the jet, also leading to a decrease in the height of the boiler.

The electrodes in this case will receive the one shown in FIG. 14, so that when the circulation of water decreases, leading to the lowering of the jet, the lengthening of the free-fall path of the water is automatically achieved and, consequently, the electrical resistance of the jet is increased, as a result of which

g decreases the danger of the spark ;; Vani.

In order to achieve good electrical contact between the distribution vessel 19 and the flowing water jet 21, metal walls 30 are attached to the weir, according to FIGS. 14 and 18, which, on the one hand, are connected to the metal vessel, and on the other hand, the leakage jet large surface of contact with the metal, ensuring reliable current transfer.

The described systems can be arranged in a manner already known above each other, so that the water passes one after the other several electrically connected stages, which makes it possible for the same electric power to correspondingly reduce the amount of circulating water and, consequently, the size of the circulation pump. This kind of multistage device is shown in FIG. 17

The circulation of water is carried out in a manner already known, as shown in the drawing, for example, using a centrifugal pump 31 located outside the boiler (Fig. 11) with an electric or mechanical drive, or using a water jet device 32 fed by an external pump 31 (Fig 13), or a centrifugal or a vane pump 27, which is located in the boiler itself and is driven from the outside (Fig. 5) ..

To avoid the need in the latter case, the passage of the shaft through the wall of the boiler, it is possible, according to FIG. 8, to activate a circulating pump 27 inside the boiler with a paired water pump 27.

 t:

t bucket, which receives water under pressure from an external pump 31.

The change in the quantity of circulating water required to regulate the boiler capacity is made, as usual, by means of valves, valves or other choke devices, or by changing the number of revolutions of the pump.

The forms of implementation presented in the drawings correspond basically to the conventional arrangement of boilers with three-phase power supply, wherein all phases are connected in one boiler house. It is possible, of course, to combine in one boiler a phase of another phase or, for example, for three phases of a three-phase current, the systems can be divided into three separate housing bodies, which device is preferable especially for high power or

high voltage.

 N

The subject of the patent.

1. An electric steam boiler or fluid heater using, as heating resistances, freely flowing jets of heated fluid, characterized in that, in order to regulate its performance, the outlet openings used to form the jets are located in the distribution vessels stepwise at different heights, so so that with increasing or decreasing the level of liquid in these vessels, the number of outgoing jets will change.

2. The form of execution of the boiler or heater described in paragraph 1, characterized in that the distribution vessels 5 and 2 have vertical drain pipes 7 and 9, the inlet openings of which are arranged stepwise at different heights (Fig. 1).

3. In the case of a boiler or heater, as described in clause 2, the use of devices 15 or 16 intended for calming the level of liquid in distribution vessels (Figs. 1 and 4).

4. The form of execution of the boiler described in paragraph 1 or the heating of the bodies, is distinguished by the fact that the center is set open at the top and

. a distribution vessel 19 fed by a circulation pump, provided with side outlets 20 arranged in steps and serving to direct horizontal liquid streams to the electrodes 22 (Fig. 5).

5. In the case of the boiler or heater described in the item, use on the outlet openings 20, pockets 23, which allow leakage of the liquid only after exceeding the level. its upper edge of the pocket, i.e., upon reaching a certain height of pressure for each hole

Mfig. 6).

6.When the boiler or heater described in paragraph 4 is used

1. outlets 20, made in the form of vertical, mainly sloping slopes (Fig. 8 and 9).

7. Change as described in c. Claim 4 of a boiler or heater, characterized in that the distribution vessel 19 is arranged rotatable, and the outlet openings 20 are arranged in three groups so that a part of the water jets 21 are turned

I, the vessel 19 could be directed either to the electrodes 22, or in the spaces between them (Fig. 11 and 12).

I8. Modification of a boiler or heater described in paragraph 4,

1 distinguished by the fact that to regulate the number of jets flowing from vessel 19 through opening 20, the piston 29 controlled by

C outside (Fig. 13).

e9. Variations Characterized by a boiler or heater boiled in clause 4, which is concentric with a distribution vessel lx, 19, is an additional distribution vessel equipped with

2, as well as the distribution vessel 19, with lateral output holes 20, electrodes 22 are placed in the space between the kaak distribution vessels (Fig. 10). i o10. In the case of the boiler or heater described in clause 4, the use of outlet openings 20 made in the form of a weir (Fig. 16).

11. The form of execution of the steam boiler or heater described in clause 10, characterized in that the weir has a section that narrows downwards in order to produce a continuous stream even at a low level of water in the distribution vessel (Fig. 15 and 16).

12. When used as described in paragraph 10 and in the boiler or heater, in order to achieve good contact between the outgoing jet 21 and the distribution vessel 19, metal partitions 30 attached to the latter (Figures 14 and 18).

13. When described in pp. 4, 5, 7, 8 boiler or heater application in front of the electrodes 22 metal gratings 24 or longitudinal ribs 28,. in order to achieve independence of the free length of the jet 21 from the thickness of the fluid layers flowing down from the electrodes 22, as well as to obtain good contact between the jet and the electrodes (Fig. 7, 11 and 13).

14. When described in p. 6, 7, 8, a boiler or a heater; the use of a metal grid 25 electrically connected to the wall of the core or to a distribution vessel and located above the water level in the boiler (Figures 5, 11 and 13).

15: When characterized in pp 6 and 10, the boiler or heater uses electrodes equipped with guide vanes 26 or made so that the flowing liquid streams are directed to the wall of the boiler or a grid electrically connected to this wall or the like (Fig. 8 and 14).

16. With the boiler or heater described in clause 15, the use of auxiliary guides log. molasses 22, located at different heights and serving to seat the outgoing jets 21 into several. steps (Fig. 17). .