SU1035206A1 - Method and apparatus for obtaining information on well while drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of obtaining information about the wellbore during its drilling by continuously measuring the depth of the well smoothed by low-frequency filtering characteristics of the impact of the tool and the drilling fluid on the well and wells on them, measuring the dispersion of these characteristics, generating signals about the performance of the parameters beyond the thresholds and comparing these signals with matrices, characterized in that, in order to expand the volume of received information and increase its accuracy, measure the rate of change of characteristics, smooth them by means of low-frequency and high-frequency filtering, the characteristics themselves and their dispersions are additionally smoothed by high-frequency filtering, determine the thresholds of the listed characteristics in proportion to their values and comparing the sequence of signals for exceeding the thresholds is performed according to the matrices of geological and technological state of the well, get estimates of the proximity of the reference, the situations, the values of these estimates determine the situation and their cumulative The awns decide the situation. . 2. Method POP.1, distinguishing; y u and with the fact that, with a view; clarifying the geological and technological situation with equal estimates, form control signals for the mechanisms of the drilling rig and the circulation system, change the conditions of interaction between the tool, projectile fluid and the well, measure the characteristics of the effect of the well on the tool and flush the new conditions and from these characteristics determine the situation 3. A device for obtaining information about a well during its drilling, containing blocks controlling the mechanisms of the drilling rig and circulating of the system, sensors characterizing the operation of these mechanisms, the penetration sensor, the signal dispersion shaping unit, the low frequency SL 1CH filter, the threshold shaping units, the comparison units, the sequence shaping units, the document block, excluding and parsing it with that it is equipped with a signal rate shaping unit, high-frequency filters, a memory unit, a functional block for correction of the working and reference arrays, two multipliers, two adders, a decision unit, and each output The second sensor is connected directly and through. blocks forming the speed of signal and dispersion of the signal to the high and low frequency filters, the outputs of which through the blocks forming the thresholds and

Description

directly connected to the comparison units, the outputs of the latter in all sensors are connected to the signal conditioning units, the outputs of which are connected via multipliers, adders and comparison units to the decision unit, the input of which is connected to the memory unit, and the output to the registration unit while the inputs multipliers are connected to the outputs of the matrix correction functional block.

4. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a control signal generation unit, a control action generating function block, the input of which is associated with a decision block, and an output with a control signal generation unit connected to control units of mechanisms

& LEVEL installation and circulation system.

5. The device according to PP. 3 and 4, in contrast to the fact that, in order to expand the functionality, it is equipped with memory, devices according to the number of sensors, a drilling method indicator, a correction unit, a signal sequence generation unit about the presence of sensors, a second block, the output of each sensor through a memory device is connected to a block forming a sequence of signals about the presence of sensors, the output of the latter is connected to a correction unit, the other two inputs of which are connected to the master of the drilling method and function to a direct coding unit, and the output is connected directly through the second memory block to the matrix correction function block.

The invention relates to the drilling of wells, namely, to obtain technological and geological information in the drilling process, primarily in the process of drilling exploration wells.

A known method of diagnosing situations at a drilling rig is based on obtaining a numerical estimate of the proximity of the current situation on the drilling situations of a reference matrix. DISTRIBUTION is carried out in two stages. The first determines the technological operation, and the second stage proceeds to the recognition of complications and accidents.

The known method has a number of flaws, the main ones of which are informational incompleteness of the feature system — only primary xapg characteristics are used, the difficulty of obtaining statistical field material, on the processing of which the definition of settings is based; lack of adaptation of the settings to the processes, which makes the recognition method not sensitive.

Closest to the invention in its technical essence and achievable result is a method for obtaining information about a well. its drilling process, which includes continuous measurement over the depth of the smoothed characteristics of the impact of the tool and flushing fluid on the well and the wells on them, measurement of the dispersion of these

characteristics, the formation of a signal about the characteristics beyond the thresholds and a comparison of these signals with matrices

An apparatus for carrying out this method contains blocks for controlling the mechanisms of a drilling rig and a circulation system, sensors characterizing the operation of these mechanisms, a penetration sensor, a dispersion shaping unit, low frequency filters, threshold generating blocks, comparison blocks, signal sequence generating blocks, and a document block 2.

The known method is characterized by an insufficient amount of information received and its low accuracy, in particular, incomplete use of information from sensors, the lack of recognition of accidents and complications, the recognition of situations only by the coincidence of signals with the signals of the reference matrix and the lack of recognition of situations close to them, inadequacy to the composition of sensors and the method of drilling.

The aim of the invention is to expand the amount of information received and increase its accuracy.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of obtaining information about a well during its drilling by continuously measuring the depth of the well smoothed low-frequency filtering characteristics of the impact of the tool and flushing fluid on the well and the wells on them, measuring the bottom of these characteristics, generating signals about the characterization beyond the thresholds - and comparisons of these signals with matrices, measure the rate of change of characteristics, smooth them by low-frequency and high-frequency filtering and, at the same time, the characteristics themselves and their dispersions are additionally smoothed by high-frequency filtering, the thresholds of the listed characteristics are determined in proportion to their values, and a comparison of the sequence of signals for exceeding the thresholds is performed using the probability matrixes of the reference situations characterizing the geological and technological state of the well, assessments of proximity to reference situations, determine the situations according to the values of these assessments and, based on their totality, decide on the situation.

At the same time, in order to clarify the geological and technological situation with equal estimates, control signals are generated on the mechanisms of the drilling rig and circulation system, conditions of borrowing of the tool, flushing fluid and well are changed, characteristics of the impact of the well on the tool and flushing fluid are measured under new conditions and by these characteristics determine the situation.

In addition, a device for carrying out a method of obtaining information about a well during its drilling, comprising blocks for controlling the mechanisms of a drilling rig and a circulation system, sensors characterizing the operation of these mechanisms, a penetration sensor, a signal dispersion shaping unit, low frequency filters, porbg forming units , blocks of comparisons, blocks of formation of a sequence of signals, a block of documentation, is equipped with a block of formation of a rate of change of a signal, a high-frequency filter, a block of memory, a function a unit for correcting the working and reference matrices, two multipliers, two adders, a decision block, and the output of each sensor is connected directly and through blocks forming the rate of change of the signal and dispersion of the signal to the high and low frequency filters, whose outputs through connected to the comparison blocks, the outputs of the latter in all sensors are connected to the blocks of formation of a sequence of signals whose outputs are connected through multipliers, summators and blocks of cf vneny with decisive

a unit whose input is connected to a memory unit and an output to a registration unit, wherein the inputs of the multipliers are connected to the outputs of the matrix correction functional block. The device is also equipped with a control signal generation unit, a control function generating unit, the input of which is associated with a decisive

d block, and the output - with the control signal generation unit, the output of the latter is connected to the control unit of the mechanisms of the drilling rig and the circulation system.

In order to expand the functional possibilities, the device for carrying out the method is equipped with memory devices according to the number of sensors, a drilling method setting unit, a correction unit,

0 forming a sequence of signals about the presence of sensors, the second memory block, the output of each sensor through a memory device is connected to a block forming a sequence of signals about the presence of sensors, the output of the latter is connected to a correction unit, the other two inputs of which are connected to the drilling method setter and the function block code generation, and the output is connected directly and via the second memory block to the matrix correction functional block.

The drawing shows structures5 on the scheme of the device for carrying out the proposed method.

The drilling rig includes a bit rotation mechanism 1, a control unit 2 of this mechanism, sensors 3 1 connected to the bit rotation mechanism input (for example, a rotational speed sensor 3, a torque sensor 32), a bit feed mechanism 4, a flow control block 5 bits, including a load regulator on a bit 6, a weight sensor 62 on the hook, a mechanical speed sensor b, a mud pump 7, a control unit 8

 mud pump, sensors 9., connected to the mud pump inlet (for example, mud flow sensors 9 into the well, pressure sensor 92 in the discharge pipe, mud tank 10, sensors connected to the wellhead and the wellhead drilling mud (for example, sensors 11-1 flow rate at the output, level sensor112 in the receiving tank, density sensors

solution at the inlet 11 and at the outlet of the borehole 11), penetration sensor 12, blowout equipment 13, control unit 14, sensors 15 connected to the blowout equipment (for example, opening-closing sensor for preventers 15 valve position sensor 152, D tchik the position of the fittings 15, the pressure sensor on the fittings 154.

Blocks 1bg-23 and links between them. form a block diagram of signal processing from a single sensor. The device contains as many such block diagrams as in the sensor device.

The block diagram includes a signal measurement shaping unit 16, a signal dispersion generating unit 17, filters 18 and 18 low, respectively. The inputs of blocks 1b and 17 are connected to the output of the corresponding sensor, the inputs of blocks 18 and 19 are connected to the outputs of blocks 16 and 17 and the output of sensor 20 and 21 are blocks for forming thresholds, .22 and 23 are blocks comparing filtered characteristics with thresholds. The outputs of blocks 18 and 19 are connected directly and through blocks 20 and 21 to blocks 22 and 23, 24 and 25 - blocks of forming a sequence of signals about the output of thresholds of characteristics that passed high-frequency and low-frequency filtering, respectively. The outputs of the blocks 22 are connected by a sensor to block 24, B151 INPUTS of blocks 23 through all sensors to block 25. The signals from the sensors, 6 ,, 9з, 11., - 114Г 15 each go to their memory 38, to their dispersion shaping unit 17 V. block 16 a comparison of two adjacent previous and current, current and subsequent, etc. - signals and dividing the received difference in the magnitudes of the signals with their sign by the time interval determined by the sensor sampling frequency; at the output of block 16 there is a signal of the rate of change of the signal from sensor 7 characterizing the rate of its increase or decrease. Both of the generated characteristics — the rate of change of the signal from block 16 and the dispersion of the signal from block 17, together with the signal itself, come from the sensor to the input of the high-pass filter 18 and to the input of the low-pass filter 19. In the filter 18, all three quantities pass high-frequency smoothing averaging signals for every few centimeters of penetration. In filter 19, these same values (the signal from the sensor and the characteristics of blocks 16 and 17} pass low-frequency smoothing, averaging signals per meter of penetration. Averaged signals from blocks 18 (19). Receive 20 blocks 21 (21) where their threshold values are formed, pt) and the total value of each threshold is proportional to the values of the averaged signals themselves. The signals corresponding to the thresholds from blocks 20 (21) and smoothed c. Signals from blocks 18 (19), three from each block, go to the performance comparison blocks with thresholds 22 (23), where they are compared. Blocks 22 (23) produce discrete signals that filter characteristics are out of thresholds. Exceeding the threshold is a signal change. Let, for example, the following signals change from the sensors: the pressure in the pressure pipe (sensor 9) g increased, the level of solution in the receiving tank increased (sensor 112), increased. there was a change in drilling fluid output from the well (sensor 11) and, in addition, the following characteristics changed: the rate of pressure change in the pressure pipe increased (the characteristic formed in block 16 by the signal from the sensor 9ug increased the rate of change in solution level V. (characteristic from block 16 according to the signal from sensor I), which corresponds to the occurrence on the drilling situation of dangerous occurrence of formation fluid (technological) and change of impermeable rock to permeable (geological).

Comparison results, containing all information about changes in characteristics (about characteristics going beyond thresholds), from blocks 22 (23) for all sensors come to blocks forming 24 (25) two sequences. Signals in which each characteristic has the same number of bits (e.g. three: decrease, normal, increase). These sequences of signals that carry information about the thresholds of the characteristics that have passed through high-frequency and low-frequency filtering come from blocks 24 (25) to the inputs of the multiplication blocks 27 (28).

Suppose we have a rotary drilling method, about which the driver of the drilling method 40 receives a signal in the block, corrections 41. Signals from memory devices 38 (there are as many as signals from sensors) are collected by block 39 into a sequence of signals about the presence of sensors, which also goes to block 51. The signal from block 41 sends the second block of memory 42 to the functional block 26 two matrices of reference technological and geological siuations, and on another signal from lock 41 in these matrices a list of recognizable situations (lines of the matrix) is given in correspondence to the set of sensors (matrix columns).

Thus, in block 26, there are two working reference matrices corrected by drilling method and the presence of sensors, which are transferred line by line to multipliers 2 (28). The first row of the matrix of the reference technological situations (a sequence of signals corresponding to the first situation, for example, Break) is fed to the input of block 27, where the bit is multiplied by the binary sequence from block 24; characterizing the current process condition on the drill. And the first row of the matrix of the reference geological situations (a sequence of signals corresponding to the first situation, for example, J-Member-Sea) is fed to the input of block 28, where the bit is multiplied by the binary sequence from block 25, which characterizes the current geological state on the rig. When bitwise multiplying the sequences — the current binary and reference — in blocks 27 .28), sequences are formed that go to adders 29 (.30), where the signals constituting the sequence add up and produce a signal equal to the value of the proximity of the current process state. nor the first reference state from the matrix of technological situations, for example, the break (block 29), and the current geological state, to the first reference state from the matrix of geological situations, for example, Sandstone-salt. These signals (proximity estimates) are received in comparison blocks 31 (32), where they are stored. Then, in blocks 27–28), the current binary sequences are multiplied by the second rows of the reference matrices (corresponding, for example, to the Gland and Clay-Sol situations j, summed up in blocks 29 (30), transferred to blocks 31 (32) for comparison with the recorded in memory, by sig- nificantly estimated proximity to the first lines of situations. Of the two signals, the largest signal and its code (by the sequence number of the signal) are saved in each block. Thus, all the subsequent signals for estimating proximity in terms of situations are compared.

In this case, an increase in pressure in the pressure pipeline, the level of solution in the tank, the flow rate of the solution at the well exit, an increase in the rate of pressure change in the pressure pipeline and the speed of change in the level of solution in the tank leads to a signal that the estimate of proximity to the row from the reference matrix technological situations corresponding to the situation. The dangerous development of formation fluid turns out to be maximum among similar signals formed in blocks 27 and 29 and compared in block 31, and the signal -evaluation of proximity to the line from the matrix of reference geological situations, corresponding to the change situation Impermeable rock - permeable rock, is the highest among the signals that have passed through blocks 28, 30 and 32. Signals with maximum estimates of proximity to situations Dangerous and Impermeable - permeable the rock with its line number codes of these situations in the reference matrices is fed to the decision block 34, where from the memory block 33 a series of signals are fed, consistent with the allowed

combinations of situation codes. When the situation codes from blocks 31 (32) coincide with the codes from block 33 of solutions, block 34 generates a code

resulting situation - Dangerous execution with co-shift; impermeable rock to the permeable one, which is supplied to the second functional unit 36, and also, together with the proximity assessment, to the unit 35 for documentation.

In block 36, by code (or combination of codes), a list of numbers of controllable parameters that are to be controlled to determine the degree of danger of a situation is unequivocally corresponding to this code. Signals with parameter numbers are transmitted to the control action shaping unit 37

willow correction unit 41h

In block 37, for our example, the following values of the controlled parameters are formed to clarify the degree of danger of the situation: the rotor speed (Z) is zero, the load on the bit (6) is zero (the bit is raised above the face, dolby; -Neye terminated) the position of preventers (15-,) corresponds to zero

(closed), the position of the bolts (15 °) corresponds to the maximum (open) flow rate of the drilling fluid at the inlet (9) is zero, the position of the bolts (15 j) corresponds to zero (closed). In block 41, according to the signals from block 36, the reference matrices are corrected — in our section, the rows of the matrix of technological situations associated with slotting are eliminated:

The bit bearings are sticking, the oil seal and the seal. The matrix of reference geological situations is found.

Signals from block 37 are transmitted: to control blocks 2, 5, 8 and 14,

Claims (5)

1. The method of obtaining information about the well during its drilling by continuously measuring the depth of the well, smoothed out by low-pass filtering, of the characteristics of the impact of the tool and flushing fluid on the well and the well on them, measuring the dispersion of these characteristics, generating signals about the exit of the thresholds and comparing these signals with matrices, characterized in that, in order to expand the amount of information received and increase its accuracy, measure the rate of change of characteristics, smooth them in between low-frequency and high-frequency filtering, while the characteristics themselves and their dispersions are additionally smoothed out by high-frequency filtering, the thresholds of the listed characteristics are determined in proportion to their values, and the sequence of signals for thresholds is compared using the probability matrices of standard situations characterizing the geological and the well’s biological state, they obtain proximity estimates for the reference situations, the situations are determined by the values of these estimates and, based on their totality, yut a decision about the situation. ,. 2. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that, for the purpose; refinement of the geological and technological: logical situation when the ratings are equal, generate control signals for the drilling rig and circulation system mechanisms, change the conditions for the interaction of the tool, flushing fluid and the well, measure the impact of the well on the tool and flushing fluid in the new conditions and with these characteristics ^! relieve the situation ^ opin her 3. A device for producing a formation about a well while drilling, containing control units for the drilling rig and circulation system mechanisms, sensors / characterizing the operation of these mechanisms, a penetration sensor, a signal dispersion forming unit, low-pass filters, threshold generating units, comparison units, generating units the signal sequence, the documenting unit, and the fact that it is equipped with a unit for generating a signal change rate, high-pass filters, a memory unit, functionally m working unit and the reference correction matrices, two multipliers, two adders, the deciding unit, wherein the output of each sensor is connected directly and through formation .bloki • izmeyeniya signal speed and signal dispersion filter to the high and low frequencies, the outputs of which through the blocks forming thresholds and Fo Xi yo> directly connected to the comparison units, the outputs of the latter for all sensors are connected to the signal sequence forming units, the outputs of which are connected via multipliers', adders and * comparison units with a deciding unit, whose input is connected to the memory unit, and the output - to the recording unit when In this case, the inputs of the multipliers are connected to the outputs of the matrix correction function block. 4. The device for implementing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a control signal generation unit, a control action code generation unit, the input of which is connected to the decision unit, and the output to the formation unit control signals, the output of the latter is connected to the control units of the mechanisms & level of the installation and the circulation system. 5. The device according to paragraphs. 3 and 4, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, it is equipped with memory devices according to the number of sensors, a drilling method master, a correction unit, a signal sequence generation unit about the presence of sensors, a second memory block, and the output of each sensor through the storage device is connected to the block for generating a sequence of signals about the presence of sensors, the output of the latter - is connected to the correction unit, the other two inputs of which are connected to the master of the drilling method and the functional unit for forming codes, and the output is connected directly via the second memory unit to the functional matrix correction unit.