SU1033741A1 - Method of open-cast mining of steep deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

t. METHOD OF OPEN DEVELOPMENT, BAYS OF LARGE-FALLING DEPOSITS, including blasting ore blocks horizontally along the strike; deposits, excavations with the formation of working sites and retaining walls of blown-up overburden rocks, transplanting of the rock mass through field trenches with a device of overpasses, distinguishing U- () ct ((by the side {i- {2Н -кк) sc / Jjstn V- () 9 (tsin4) -t (k-1) in (K- j | sin7 where 1 is the distance from the block to the recumbent side of the deposit, m} L, is the length of the pit on the surface, MJ H is the vertical thickness of the covering rocks , MflHj. - current pit depth, m $ h - height of ore ledges, m} t ore body thickness, m} - angle of inclination of the ends of the open pit | ed- ,; к - quantities of ore horizons b) the width of the working sites, m; d minis, in order to reduce the current overburden ratio and transfer the maximum overburden volumes to the later life of the quarry, excavation is carried out with diagonal blocks oriented at angles to the recumbent side otsrarctcg 7-7 (2HH -tiK) and to the hanging, 0, (m-Plk .i. .U - (. Kjcicfp), the working platform is formed by blasting adjacent blocks of neighboring horizons and oriented at those angles ci and V, and the retaining walls are formed, respectively, when each block between adjacent blocks along the slope overburdens developed during this process the gray blocks on the horizon are connected by transport berms, the length of which is chosen within the limits of the recumbent side. coso6 + r (l-stno6) - b (km)

Description

The molar radius of curvature of transport communications, m, and the retaining walls are left during the formation of transport berms on each overburden below its upper level.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by and with, the fact that the exit trenches with overpasses are formed in opposite end zones of the quarry along the marginal contour of each horizon at different levels in opposite directions.

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of deep mining deposits. There is a method of opencast development of steeply dipping deposits, which includes the separation of a quarry by intermediate contours into successive stages and phases, with the height of the stages varying (50-120 - 212 m, the slope angle of the temporary border 25 - (. This allows in the first 10- 20 years of exploitation of a quarry to reduce current overburden rates by 50-70%. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of achieving high intensity of use of mining and transport equipment, difficulty in the step-by-step management of mountain work, laboriousness in the re-entry of temporary sides during the dredging of the quarry, low efficiency of rail transport.The closest to the invention 00 technical essence and the achieved result is a method of open development of steeply dipping sites of birth, including the blasting of ore blocks horizontally along the extension of the deposit, dredging with the formation of workers sites and retaining walls of blown-up overburden rocks, transportation of rock mass through on-site trenches with device wires 2.

The disadvantage of this method is that the length of the blocks is small and amounts to 70–150 m, which reduces mining operations, ore, reduces the performance of mining and transportation equipment, and significantly increases the area by blasting adjacent blocks of neighboring 40 horizons and Orient at the same angles N and /, and retaining walls form, respectively, when working out a block between adjacent blocks along the slope of the overburden developed, the labor costs for transporting transport communications, when blasting blocks , due to the collapse of the rocks, the transport platform on the surrounding horizon is poured on them, the presence of a retaining wall from the exploded mineral causes freezing of the investment for a long period. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the current stripping ratio and transfer the maximum amount of stripping to the later life of the quarry. The goal is achieved by the method of open-pit mining of a steeply dipping field, which includes blasting ore blocks horizontally along the strike of a deposit, excavating by taps with the formation of working sites and retaining walls of blown-up overburden rocks, transporting the mountain moss by exit trenches with a track guide device, the diameters of the bumps, and diagrams are carried out by the diameters of the mountain roads, the diameters of the mine are transported along the exit trenches with the guide tracks, and the diameters are driven by diagrams, the diameters of the tracks, diagrams are transported, and the transportation of the mountain moss in the exit trenches with the track guides, the diameters of the reservoirs, and the diameters of the tracks, diagrams are carried out. oriented at angles to the lateral side L. {2H, –t, () c – tc (b to hanging (mP) KV airct j L,. ()

3 10337 "14

horizons, while adjacent blocks with berms, the length of which is chosen on the horizon, are connected by transport limits along the recumbent side

L CH -bKjct Js1noi-PtDsoi 4r (-f-9ineC) -b (K-l) l (k-f) sinoi on the side of which

(l- (2H-hK ct 5 / 3jsin4- (m-P) co34 + rf-i-sin4) - b ()

(K-1) Sin where P is the distance from the block to the lying side of the deposit, m; L, g is the pit length over the surface, MJ ff is the vertical for the thickness of the overburden, m; Н - current pit depth, MJ ti height of ore ledges, m - ore body capacity, m; p is the angle of repose of the pit career, hail; K - the number of ore horizons; b is the width of the working sites. Mi g is the minimum rounding radius of transport communications, m, and the retaining walls are left during the formation of transport berms on each overburden below its upper level. In addition, the exit trenches with overpasses are formed in opposite end zones of the open pit along the limit contour of each horizon at different levels in opposite directions. FIG. 1 shows a quarry plan; in fig. 2 is the same cross section in FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in the location of the top of the ore horizons with respect to the lying side of the bed; FIG. 4, production schedules; mining on the proposed spos and known; in fig. 5 is a trenching scheme at the end of the pit; in fig. 6 is a diagram of the formation of transport berms on the overburden horizons. The drawings depict a steeply dipping deposit 1 of a mineral, a lying 2 and a wet 3 sides of a deposit, design contours k developed on the earth's surface, a bottom 5 quarries, working horizons 6, end of frame 7, railway exit trenches 8, overpasses 9 railway tracks 10 on the workers' horizons, the end of the 11th pit, in the direction of which the quarry is being mined, blocks 12 and 13 for minerals and overburden, angles I and 15 are oriented laterally on the side of the lying and hanging blocks, deposits, working platforms 16, berms 17 adjacent blocks on the horizon, angle 18 of the ore deposit falling, thickness of the ore hall xi 19 distance 20 from the top of the convergence of the sides of the ore block to the recumbent side of the deposit, 21 plotting the distance from the top of the convergence of the sides of the ore block to the recumbent side depending on the angle of incidence ore deposit, length 22 and 23 transport berms between adjacent blocks on the horizon on the lying and hanging side, the resulting angle 2 of the slope of the open pit, design UGOL 25 of the open pit side, graphs - 2b and 27 changes in the volume of stripping p genus at working the quarry known and proposed methods, the graph 28 changes ore output, retaining walls 29 of uncleared loosened overburden. The method is carried out as follows. A steeply dipping field 1 with a lying 2 and a hanging 3 side in the project contours with a bottom with a bottom 5. The opening of horizons 6 is made from the end of the career 7 by rail congresses 8 in conjunction with overpasses 9. Railway tracks 10 on each horizon 6 are looped. The movement of the mining front takes place along the strike of the ore deposit 1 to the opposite end of the 11th open-pit mine. Increase the length of the mining front by forming blocks 12 on ore horizons that are oriented at an angle H (the recumbent side of the RK deposit ot c "rct" 2HH-1iK) ct (

51

and to the angle of the wall

zhi

,) cta; P

As the ore deposit 1 is mined at the same angles I and 15, the overburden blocks 13 begin to originate from the overlying upper horizon 27. The length of each of the ore blocks 12 is 500-1000 m, the overburden blocks. 13 varies from 200 to 300 m. The explosion and the processing of adjacent blocks 13 of the adjacent overburden 6, within each block, form working platforms 16 with a width of 65–80 m and transport berms 17 with a width of 20–30 m between them.

Proceeding from the conditions of minimum overburden excavation, depending on the angle of incidence of the ore deposit 18 () and

L- (2H-LK1SC / S 3inoi-Pcosc / - -r (l-sinoi) - b (K-i;

"A- (K-Dsin about

on the side of which is 23 (2g)

l, () ct (/ Jj Sin (/ - (m-Pjcos t / + r (l-5ir 4; -b (KH)

6

(K-1). where P is the distance from the block to the lying side of the deposit,; L is the length of the pit on the surface, m; Нц- vertical thickness of overburden, m; HT-- current pit depth, m; L- height of ore ledges, m; m is the power of the ore body, m; / - the angle of the slope of the ends of the career, guard; K. - the number of ore horizons; B - the width of the workplace 4 sites, m; d - minimum radius of rounding of transport communications, m. Such formation of the working side of the quarry allows to increase its resulting angle 24 to 30 - 32 ° and make it close to the design angle of the slope 20. On each overburden horizon 6 an excavator can serve at least three blocks 13. In the first block, the excavation works are being excavated, the second is being prepared for the explosion, the third is being drilled. After completion of the work on the first block, the excavator proceeds to the development of the second block, then the third one. In this case, its idle spans, necessary for blasting operations, are missing.

its power and 19 (fn) form blocks 12 on the ore horizon with vertices of convergence removed at distance 20 (P) from the recumbent side of deposit 2, which is determined by schedule 21. Graph 21 shows experimental data on the orientation of the apex of blocks 12 within ore body capacity 19 corresponding to the minimum current stripping ratio at any time of development.

With the development of mining operations, the blocks 12 of the lower horizon are moved in the direction of the opposite end of the 5th career, the working platforms of the upper horizon are working, resulting in transport berms 17. The length of the transport berms 17 between the adjacent blocks 1 of the horizon 6 is chosen within the limits side 22 (/). Changing the schedule of the mining regime with the well-known development method 2b and the proposed 27 for the conditions of open pit No. 3 of the NKGOK shows a significant redistribution of the volume of overburden excavation during the main period of operation. Due to the use of a development system with round corners 24 of the slope of the working sides of the quarry close to the design angle 25 of the slope, it is possible to work the field in stages 1, up to 10 years, within which the current annual stripping ratio is kept constant. As the bottom of the pit 3 decreases from stage to stage, the current stripping ratio increases. When it reaches the limit value, open mining is possible to stop and make the transition to underground. The productivity of the ore mine in the cases under consideration remains constant. After drilling wells and blasting operations at blocks 12 and 13, the crushed rock is loaded with excavators into railway trains, which are transported by maintenance tracks through the system of exit trenches 8 and overhead lines 9 beyond the open pit 4, for shortening haulage and ring traffic of trains on each horizon 6, in its face zones 7 and 11, along the marginal contour of the quarry k, an exit trench 8 system is formed — the overpass 9, respectively, at different levels in the opposite direction. In order to prevent backfilling of the transport berms by 17 rocks during blasting operations in the working area of the meme, each adjacent stripping blocks 13 on the horizon 6 below the upper level retain the retaining wall 29 of the uncleaned loose rock. Due to the greater

the widths of the transport platforms in the lower horizons do not leave the retaining wall during the blasting of the ore blocks 12. In the subsequent blocks 12 and 13 work out the same way.

When the bottom of the quarry 5 is lowered, the upper horizons form a permanent pit wall at an angle of 25. Later, when revising the design figures and making a decision to increase the depth of opencast mining, the upper horizons, by successively conducting railway congresses and forming blocks, lead to a working position (Fig 1 and 2).

The application of the method of development will reduce the volume of excavation of overburden by 8.8 million. M.

fff ff ffff 7ff ff 0yf.J

Uff / i // - ff

/

ge

9

2ff

o-x

fff

r0jff

 7; / 7f / 77.

Fg / g four

Claims (2)

1. METHOD FOR OPEN DEVELOPMENT OF SHORT-DEPTH DEPOSITS, including blasting ore blocks horizontally along the strike ;. 'deposits, excavation of entrances with the formation of working platforms and retaining., walls of blown overburden, transportation of rock along exit trenches with the device overpasses, distinguishing MCjct pjsinoi- Pcosci + r (i ~ sinc (j-b (K ~ 4) (K-iJsinoC '~ ~) because in order to reduce the current stripping ratio and transfer the maximum overburden volumes to later quarry exploitation periods, lead diagonal .blocks oriented at right angles to the lying side and to the hanging ι - -. (tn-PjK the working platform is formed by blasting adjacent blocks of neighboring horizons and oriented at the same angles ci and Y. and retaining walls are formed respectively when each block is developed between adjacent , blocks along the slope of worked overburden horizons, at the same time, adjacent blocks on the horizon are connected by transport berms, the length of which · is selected within the lying side. SU. ,,, 1033741 on the hanging side [1, - (2H _t- LK) ss pjsinM'-Gn-Pjcos (k-1) ', ^e in = - (K-4) sin? where 1 ”is the distance from the block to the lying side of the deposit, m} L, is the length of the pit along the surface, m) H _w is the vertical thickness of the overburden, the current depth of the pit, m, 'h is the height of the ore ledges,'m; m ore body thickness, m; ft> is the angle of slope of the ends of the quarry. city · ,; k is the number of ore horizons; B is the width of the working platforms, m / g · mini 1033741 is the minimum radius of curvature of transport communications, m, and retaining walls are left when transport berms are formed on each overburden below its upper level. 2. The method of pop. ^ distinguishing with the fact that exit trenches with overpasses form in the opposite end zones of the quarry along the limiting contour of each horizon at different levels in opposite directions.