SU1026019A1 - Device for determination of inner wave parameters in liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF INTERNAL WAVES IN A LIQUID, containing a tray filled with liquids of different density, placed in it on the opposite walls of a wave generator and damper, vibration sensors, times (dispersed in a liquid, and a measuring unit differing from so that, in order to increase the accuracy of the measurements, the oscillation sensors are made as S-type neutral-buoyancy floats with light sources placed on them and lenses facing the bottom of the tray, and in the latter, P1 lumenic windows through which yes snips interact with blol l measurement. 2. The apparatus POP.1, differs in its N ut that, with a view to simplifying audio device measuring unit configured Vide 3 of the deck with the photosensitive paper. 1C yes

Description

The invention relates to the study of internal waves in the laboratory and can be used in the experimental determination of the parameters of internal waves in a liquid. A device for laboratory research of parameters of internal waves, on the free surface of a liquid, containing a tray made of organic glass, wave products, wedge shaped and connected mechanically to the motor shaft with an adjustable rotation speed, sensors for measuring the movement of the free surface of a liquid is known. . On the side wall of the tray is applied large-scale mesh. The tray is filled with liquids, i.e. times. personal density. The upper layer of the liquid is colored, which makes it possible to visualize the internal waves only on the boundary of the separation of the liquid layers l1. The disadvantages of this device are that it only allows you to visually determine the parameters of internal waves, the wave producer of the CLEAN form simultaneously generates not only internal waves, but also surface waves, it is impossible to measure the vertical velocity of a fixed density of two liquids of different densities per head. the maximum gradient), the experiment requires the presence of an experimenter, there is no automatization of the measurement process of the internal wave parameters. The closest in essence to the invention is a device for determining the parameters of internal waves in a liquid, containing a tray filled with liquids of different density, located in it on opposite walls of a wave generator and a damper, oscillation sensors placed in a liquid, and measuring unit 2; The disadvantages of the known device are the limited measurement capabilities of measuring the parameters of internal waves, since only the wave pressure of the internal wave is measured; It has a narrow purpose (only for studying the interaction of internal waves with the free surface of a liquid), the wave pressure of the internal wave is determined by the contact method by introducing a sensor into the liquid, which distorts the wave structure under study and reduces the measurement accuracy. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurements and simplify the device. , The goal is achieved by the fact that, in a device for determining the parameters of internal waves in a liquid containing a tray filled with liquids of different density, a wave product and an extinguisher are placed on opposite walls, and a measuring unit, oscillation sensors made in float-like form. Neutral buoyancy forks with sources placed on them - with eta and lenses facing the bottom of the tray, and in the latter - made Transparent windows through which the sensors interact with the measuring unit. In addition, the measuring unit is made in the form of a tape mechanism with a photosensitive paper. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for determining the parameters of internal waves in a liquid; FIG. 2 separation of the optical flow from the float; FIGS. 3 and 4 show versions of the design of floats with a rigid IMM and hinged fastening of the light source, respectively; in FIG. 5, the limiting positions of the float on the inner wave; in fig. 6 and 7 — the propagation moments, the first and the subsequent waves, respectively; on Fig possible location of the floats, top view; Fig. 9 shows a variant of the device with a measuring unit in the form of a tape-drawing mechanism; FIG. 10 is the same, view A; in fig. 11 - edge positions of the floats and corresponding images on the photosensitive paper; Fig. 12 is a view of this information. Device for determining the parameters of internal waves in a liquid contains tray 1 filled with liquids of different densities, for example, kerosene 2 with density p and pure water 3 with density pg, () On one wall of tray 1 there is a waveguide 4, on the opposite wall there is an absorber 5 waves. At the interface A, the surface of a small density gradient of a liquid, there are two sensors of oscillations, made in the form of floats B and 7 of neutral buoyancy, mounted at a distance S from one another. In the bottom of the tray 1 are made pro-. transparent windows 8, for example, of glass, under which a measuring unit is located, consisting of beam-splitting plates 9 and 10, light sensors 11 and 12, position-sensitive displacement sensors 13 and 14, analog-digital converters 15-18, block 19 connected with them control, converter 20 parallel code to serial and recorder 21. Sensor 11 is able to receive the receiving-.

tin 22 (FIG. 2), and sensor 12 is a semiconductor plate 23 with ohmic contacts 24-27, an annular electrode 28 and an associated contact 29. A modulating electrode 30 is located in the center of the annular electrode 28.

The floats 6 and 7 consist of a hermetic body 31, in which the ballast 32 and the power supply unit 33, a light brush 34 and a lens 35 (FIG. 3) are located.

Floats .6 and 7 may be provided (Figure 4) with suspension 36, on which lens 35 and light source 34 are mounted. Suspension 36 is suspended from. the end of the float through the hinge 37. The contacts and wire of the light source going to the power supply unit are protected from contact with liquid, and the wire enters the float through a pressure cable (not shown). . .

The device also contains a measuring unit, made in the form of a tape-testing mechanism consisting of two pairs of coils 38 and 39 with electric drive 40 with photosensitive paper 4 placed on the coils

The device works as follows.

. - Using the wave maker 4, a flat internal wave is generated in the surface area A. The wave profile propagates from the wave maker to the first float of neutral buoyancy 6, (FIG. 1), KOTOYAL begins to oscillate, and after a while the float 7 begins to oscillate (FIG. 7). Since floats 6 and 7 have neutral buoyancy (they are adjusted with using ballast 32), they move together with the fluid, tracking the internal wave the more accurately, the more accurately neutral buoyancy is achieved. During the beginning of the oscillation of the float, the illumination of the light flux coming from the point source of light 34 located on the float starts to change;} and the sensors 11 and 12 of the sensors 11 and 12 incident on the receiving plate 22 (FIG. 2) , the second part of the luminous flux is received by the displacement sensors 13 and 14. The light flux in the initial position of the float is designed into the center of the semiconductor wafer 23. A sinusoidal voltage relative to the point modulating electrode 30 is supplied to the annular electrode 28 through the contact 29. Due to the insignificant thickness of the semiconductor wafer 23, it can be assumed that the electrical field has only component directed parallel to the surface of the plate. In this case, the carriers are disequilibrium, created: with a light spot

on the surface of the plate, diffuse in a radial electric field, which periodically changes the law of their distribution.

If the image is in the center of the plate 23, the potentials of the opposite (physical contacts 24, 27 and 26, 25 equal to the potential difference removed are zero). When the image is displaced relative to the center, the ohmic contacts 24-27 (FIG. 2) turn out to be in areas with different concentrations of non-equilibrium current carriers, and they will correspond to different potentials, the difference of which is proportional to the magnitude of the displacement of the image 6, C (). The beam splitter plates 9 and 10 and the sensors 1114 are received from each float and transformed into The digital signal is measured by the measuring unit and output to the recorder 21, which can be a digital printer, magnetic storage device, etc.

The device makes it possible to record the time t from the moment of the first full oscillation of the float 6 to the moment of taking the readings to measure the number of vertical oscillations of the float, to record the time t from the time of the first full oscillation of the second float 7 to the time of the readings and to measure it the time interval the number of its vertical oscillations p. At the same time, the horizontal smearing of the floats 6 and 7 with respect to the sensors 13 and 14 is measured and from this the f4 displacements are determined (Fig 8); the projection L of the distance between pops shops 6 and 7 in the direction of the spread of will

L sie "tej,

where C ,, 2 is the displacement of the floats relative to their initial position; S is the projection of the distance between the floats on the etching of the wave propagation at the origin of the known position of the float. .: cove .., .. Using the measured data, determine the parameters of the internal waves, the length L of the wave by the formula

f - 2

phase velocity V of internal vrlna by the formula

V

ti - h

the period T of the internal wave by the formula

. t - D -. n - nj where n is the number of full oscillations of the red float during time t, the number of full r vibrations of the second float during time t t, -ti; the point in time when the first ridge from the wave maker to reach the first from the beginning of the oscillation of the ridge; the moment of time when the second float reaches the first from the beginning of oscillations of the ridge; instant show time. The number of oscillations n and n is determined from the light indications. Which, depending on the position of the float, has different meanings. In the upper position of the floats, the illumination Eff, f takes place, and in the lowest position, the illumination E of the plane, relative to which the melts move. Therefore, the device allows to obtain values (in figures), the correspondence therefore it can be said how many oscillations the floats b and 7 have made. When the measurement unit is executed in the form of a tape-cutting mechanism, the device works as follows , rewinding occurs, for example, photosensitive paper 41. The luminous flux (figures 9 and 11) coming from the source 34 of the light, passed through the lens 35, is projected onto the photosensitive / ground paper 41 Under the action of an internal wave, the first float oscillates in box 6, as a result of which the diameter of the light-beam decreases or increases. , the spot that,. imprinted on photosensitive paper 41 as spotted (Figures 9 and 11). As the shaft of the tape mechanism rotates, it is possible with a rotating disk (not shown) fixed to it and having openings through which an additional luminous flux passes to mark the time on the track of the photosensitive paper 41, which allows determining the time t to reach the first from the onset of oscillations of the wave crest by the first float 6 and the instant of time t, the first float reaching the first from the beginning of the oscillations of the green float 7. By the light spots recording the oscillations of the floats due to internal waves, determine the number of P | full oscillations of the first and the number of oscillations of the second floats. from time points t and tg, respectively, up to time point tj to take readings (). . Know the distance e (Fig. 12) between the photosensitive paper tapes and, distance, and C (6, ed / 2 + b 4f where d is the spot diameter; distance from the light strips to the inner edges of the first and second paper tapes (to the light spot), determine the projection length S between the point sources of light of the first and second floats on the direction of wave propagation (Fig. 12), length I, phase velocity Vg and period T of the internal wave. the diameter of the light spot on the paper (figures 11 and 12), corresponding to the position of the float on the sole of the wave (light The smallest spot with the smallest diameter d) and the light spot diameter on paper correspond to the position of the float on the top of the wave (the light spot with the largest diameter d &). The amplitude of the internal wave is determined by Formula A i (dg-d XtgoC, where dg, d | rt are the diameters of the light spots corresponding to the position of the sensor (float) on the top and bottom of the wave, respectively; оС is the angle between the generator of the light flux cone and the tape on which the light flux is projected (Fig. 11) . . : Determine the velocity Vg of the vertical displacement of a fixed point at the boundary of the highest density of the fluid using the formula V8 | (d5-dM) tg, the time it takes for the float to move from the sole of the wave to its top. The use of the proposed device makes it possible to measure the parameters of internal waves in an inhomogeneous fluid, including in a continuously density-stratified distance method, using neutral buoyancy floats (like a certain volume of fluid), which track the internal wave (move together with a layer of liquid). in which they are balanced), without distorting its structure to the extent that any other type of sensor introduced into the liquid distorts, resulting in improved measurement accuracy eny, determine not only the length of the A phase Vjp speed and wave period T,

but also its amplitude and vertical velocity of moving a fixed point at the interface of liquids, use optical transducers to study internal waves (previously they were used efficiently only to study surface waves).

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Claims (2)

1. A DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERNAL WAVE PARAMETERS IN A LIQUID, containing a tray filled with liquids of various densities, a wave producer and a wave absorber placed on it on opposite walls, vibration sensors placed in the liquid, and a measurement unit, In order to increase the accuracy of measurements, the vibration sensors are made in the form of neutral buoyancy floats with light sources and lenses placed on them, facing the bottom of the tray, and in the latter there are transparent windows through which the sensors and interacting with the measuring unit. 2. Device according to claim 1, distinguished by its I e in that in order to simplify _and scheniya device You are a measurement unit of a full f tape mehaniema with photosensitive buma- goy. ·>