SU1020374A1 - Apparatus for biological afterpurification of effluents - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to the treatment and purification of wastewater by biological methods and relates to installations and devices for the biological treatment of wastewater. The proposed installation can be used in biological treatment plants for low-waste treatment of wastewater from pollution and the protection of natural water bodies with wastewater. from eutrophication. A known water treatment plant is an underground tank in which filtering and distributing layers of sand are placed on a gravel supporting layer, covered with a layer of soil, with an irrigation pipe located in one of the intermediate layers of sand, and a bottom drainage pipe is laid in the gravel supporting layer . When the sewage is supplied through the upper drainage pipe in a coarse-grained pepper layer, the water is purified by waste gas, the contaminants and, in a purified form, are drained by gravity through the lower drainage pipe. Such a plant does not provide for high-quality wastewater treatment from finely dispersed substances and colloidal compounds and does not provide the optimal gas regime for purified water. Closest to the present invention is a device for the biological purification of organic waste, in particular, liquids containing feces, made in the form of a tank with inlet and outlet connections and with natural plant fibers inside the substrate in order to grow a growing cover. The substrate is made of natural plant fibers. It stands above the surface of the liquid in the tank, which additionally contains natural plant fibers washed by a mixture of gases containing oxygen. To ensure wastewater treatment, the tank is divided by partitions into separate NO-communicating chambers, one of which is designed for untreated wastewater and located above the fibers with vegetation, while the remaining chambers communicate with the fan to supply the gas mixture with oxygen 2 in series. The device is technically imperfect, inefficient and time-consuming to operate and does not provide the necessary quality of purified water. The disadvantages of the design of the known device are the absence of a system for removing suspended solids and sludge and the inefficiency of the use of plant fibers.8 of the process of wastewater treatment and the growth of vegetation. Suspended solids and sewage sludge accumulate in the plant fibers, settle in interconnected chambers and lead to disruption of the water purification process and withdrawal from the normal operating mode of the device as a whole. Removal of the occipine and purification of plant fibers from contamination is a time consuming and lengthy process. Moreover, during purification of water, plant fibers are subjected to biochemical oxidation together with contaminants and thus add additional contaminants to the water to be purified. With accumulation, livnia of suspended matter and sediment of plant fibers, the interconnected chambers show significant removal of this water; (contaminants. As a result, additional contaminants flow into the purified water, the quality of the purified water deteriorates .--. The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability operation of the device and improvement of the quality of purified water. The goal is achieved by the fact that / a device containing a tank (divided by partitions into compartments; for cultivating water plants): ti, inlets a and release MBT ops water ardoslivnie trays, provided with slotted bottoms and birfiltrami, raspolrzheinymi under compartments audio vegetation dopolnitelnyyu longitudinal partitions, referring vertical channel, wherein the upper edges prodrlnyh partitions are at different levels RTnrsitelnr each other, and above the upper edges of the tank walls filter filters are made in the form of screen filter blocks arranged on top of each other, each of the filters is filled with a 172-3 / filter cartridge and a large load. weight less than or equal to the specificity. the weight of water, for example, from pprrlrn or from foam.

Figure 1 shows a device for the biological purification of wastewater, in plan; Fig. 2 shows one of the blocks of the slit-like bottom for the cultivation of vegetation; figure 3 device cross-section,

A device for biological treatment of wastewater is made as a rectangular container with longitudinal and side walls 1 and 2, and has a bottom 3 with overlapping walls in the recesses of 1 The entire length of the container contains a perforated drainage pipe to remove sludge.

To freeze free flow of water, the second longitudinal wall 1 is made at a height lower than the first. Both longitudinal walls 1 are equipped with gutters 5 and 6. In / that 5 there is a perforated pipe 7 for supplying water for cleaning through the valve 8. 8 at the tray 6 there is a perforated pipe: for draining the purified water, which is connected to the village (by means of the valve 10 with the collector purified water.

In the longitudinal direction, the device is divided by two non-Receiving lower ends to the bottom 3 by vertically located partitions P and 12 with the formation of a vertical channel 15 and two compartments 14 and 15.

Both vertically located partitions I. and 12 are made in height above the longitudinal walls 1 and slightly lower than the height of the side walls 2. PeregO 1 1 is made in the height below the partition 12, but above the first Food wall 1. In each of the compartments 1k and 15 is a slotted bottom 16 for the cultivation of aquatic vegetation, consisting of separate removable blocks (one of them is shown in Fig. 2. Each unit consists of a frame 17 and a net 18, and in each frame 17 is fixed at least 3 - a layer of cellular grids 18, are made; | (from wire with size The core of which is 3–12 cm. The slotted bottom 16 serves in this case as a substrate for the cultivation of vegetation. The mesh grids 18 form slots for securing the vegetation, passing waste through them and do not contribute to the accumulation of sediment, which can be easily washed off with water. the case of the construction of such bottoms gives undeniable

advantage in comparison with the use for this purpose of vegetable fibers in the form of a substrate for growing.

Biological filters are arranged below the slit bottoms 16, which are screen filter blocks 20 stacked on each other on a perforated partition 19. Filter blocks 20 have a mesh body filled to 1 / 2-3 / its volume with a coarse filter charge with a specific gravity, lower or equal to the specific weight of water. As such a load may be foam or foam. The use of filter blocks 20 as a biological filter has several advantages over conventional biological filters, including those using organic fibers. In them, the filter loading is lightly mobile, and this makes it easy to carry out the current and countercurrent washing of the filter loading from contamination and excess biological film that develops on filter grains, such as foam plastic.

From above, the filtering units 20 are covered with a mesh lid 21, which ensures the immobility of the filtering units 20. The filtering loading of the units 20 is a substrate for fixing and developing the biofilm of heterotrophic microorganisms.

The longitudinal partitions 11 and 12 provide additional support for fixing the slotted bottoms 16 and biological filters 2.0 in compartments 15 and 14, as well as for forming a vertical channel 13. Channel 13 allows you to monitor the operation of the biological water after-treatment device and determine the moment of timely washing of biological filters. 20 and removing sediment from the bottom 3- For example, during normal operation of the device, the water level in the channel (Fig. 3 J is lower than the water level in the compartment 15 and higher than the water level of the compartment 14, and when the filter blocks of the 20 compartment 20 level are clogged The water in channel 13 and compartment 14 will be the same, which indicates that the compartment 15 needs to be flushed. When the filter blocks 20 of the compartment 4 are clogged, the water levels in the channel 13 and compartment 15 will equalize and in this case you must flush the filter load of the compartment blocks I. Thus, channel 13 is necessary to regulate the normal operation of the installation as a whole and, in particular, to prevent by removing suspended solids and sediment of the contaminated water. The device for biological wastewater treatment is equipped with a water supply pump 22 with pipelines and valves. Pump 22 through pipelines With valves 23-25 connected with perforated pipe "4 4.9 and the discharge port of the pump 22 is also connected through pipelines and valves 26-28 with a discharge collector with perforated pipes 7 and 9; Device for biological treatment of wastewater works as follows. In the device prepared for operation (namely, filter blocks 20 laid on partitions 19 and covered with covers 21, as well as plants planted in the slit / bottom 16 blocks), the wastewater is supplied to the sewer through a hydraulic valve 8 . for cus11 e1, the drains are supplied to the darchat5 pipe 7, from which the tray 5 then flows. From the receiving tray 5, the waste water is poured over the edge of the longitudinal wall 1 and the compartment 15 and the bottom 3 are filled through the slotted bottom 16 with vegetation and block biological shield 20. Next, a Veda from 3 pallets arriving at the site, 14 compartment 14. 8 compartment And waste water passes through the openings of the partition 19 filter blocks 20, mesh cover 21 and then through the slotted bottom 16 with vegetation and eventually overflowing Motekom through yerhiyuy edge edge or T and filled into receiving tray 6 ochia1einoy water. From tray 6 through the perforated pipe 9 when the valve 10 is open, the water enters the collector for draining purified water. The flow of water for purification and the rate of its passage through the | And without compartments I and 15 are controlled by the valves 8 and 10. The process of biological wastewater treatment 8 of the proposed device is carried out by means of the vegetation of the slotted bottoms 1 and the biocenosis of the biological film of the biological filter recording the load of blocks 20. The technological process of wastewater treatment in the device is as follows. During the flow of wastewater from Tray 5 into compartment 15 through overflow edge of stem 1, aeration of sewage occurs, gas exchange of the aqueous medium with air and saturation of water with oxygen of the air, enhancing aerobic oxidation of contaminants. When sewage passes through the slotted bottom 16 with vegetation, biological adsorption of pollutants by the biocenosis of vegetation occurs. Biological treatment is carried out when the effluent passes through the filter blocks 20 of the biological filter due to the contact of the effluent with the biological film of the filter charge. In the process, the effluent flow from the compartment 15 to compartment 14 proceeds || 1 | it sedimentation of the weighing substances in trita 3 as in a conventional septic tank, since the vertical channel 13 is analogous to the vertical settling tank. Additional purification of water is carried out in the compartment And by means of biopogical film filtering units 20 and biocenoses of vegetation of the slit di дisca 16, and when the purified water enters the tray 6 through the upper cutting of the wall, it is aerated. . To ensure a longer contact of the treated water with plant biocenoses and biological biocenoses, biological recirculation is provided for this purpose. For this purpose, the valve 10 is poured in, then the vent2 is opened, the pump 22 is turned on and the venil 27. is opened later. 6, through a pipeline with an open valve 2, is sucked in by a pump 22 and is injected through a pipeline with an open No. 1 valve 27 into a perforated pipe, in which recirculated water is mixed with a zimi stream for cleaning by contaminated drains.

The bottom s-bottom 3 sediment is removed by opening the valve 23 with subsequent operation of the pump 22 for discharge into the sewage system through the opening (Tk {{Entil 26).

The flushing of the loading of the filtering units 20 from “1ek®v 15 and I is carried out with 66patny TIOTOHOM water. For these purposes of; DN1 “11a 3 Preliminary) ZDal“ Tc with: 94rk Then for loosening and nptMiM8 $ i “rtbcruising loading of blocks 29 cHrtieicoe 15 and t4. ieofly with closed "zvtyl x 8" t Oh and,

when the valve 25 is opened, masos 22 is supplied through a pipe with an open valve 23 into a hole 9 pipe 9, from which water is lotted. 6 enters 8 compartment} L,. through the slotted 16th vegetation, blocks 2c, long h) Through blocks 2 & and 1 Non-flexible: AHPwte 16 compartment 15 and perforated tube

7 of the tray 5. Thus, the water performs a closed circulation, the nrw of which it is clarified by sedimentation of suspended matter in j 4 4ё 3.

After loosening and washing the filter loading of the biological filter blocks 20, the valves 25 and 28 are crossed {valves 25 and 28 are opened, then the valves 23 and 26 are opened and the 22 method described above is pumped) the accumulated sediment is pumped out, then the pump 22 is turned off, the valves 26 and 23 overlap and the hearth, " t water by CLEANING by weighing 8 and 10, regulating its flow.

The proposed device. For biochemical treatment of wastewater is reliable and easy to use, it produces a stable and high-quality wastewater treatment.

Claims (2)

1. DEVICE FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF SEWAGE WATER, containing a reservoir divided by partitions into compartments for cultivating aquatic vegetation, inlet and outlet pipes for treated waters, drainage trays, in order to increase / reliability of it work and improve the quality of _parts of purified water, it is provided with compartments arranged at an aquatic vegetation slotted bottoms and biofilters and additional longitudinally raspolozhonnymi baffles forming a vertical channel, wherein the upper cr the gaps of the longitudinal partitions are placed at different levels relative to each other and above the upper edges of the ra. 2. The device according to the predominant walls of the tank. 1, about τη and - -. the fact that the biofilters are made in the form of mesh filter blocks stacked on each other g each of which is filled with 1 / 2-3 / 4] //) of the volume of a coarse filter load with a specific gravity less than or equal to the specific '.. weight of water, for example foam or foam. ® GO 4> b 1, 1020374 2