SU1014114A1 - Voltage inverter - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A VOLTAGE CONVERTER containing a power switch, an inductive load, a magnetic reactor, a capacitor, a switching and a recovery diodes, in which the first load terminal is connected to the first terminal of the power source, the second terminal of which is connected to the first winding of the magnetic reactor via a power control switch, - and through the recovery diode - to its second winding, and these windings are connected in series-according, and their common connection point through a capacitor is connected to the second source terminal and power, and via the switching diode - to its first nip otpi 1ayuschiys that, with increasing chain bystrodey-. i stv and reduce energy loss, the second output of the load is scaled to the lump of the bottom through the magnetic reactor. Have

Description

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2. The converter according to claim 1, wherein the second load terminal is connected to the power controlled key directly.

3, the converter according to claim 1, of which is used, and the fact that the second load terminal is connected to the power controlled key through a portion of the turns of the first winding of the magnetic reactor.

one

The invention relates to electrical HHke and is most widely used in transistor converters.

A known voltage converter containing a power controlled switch, an inductive load, shunted by a switching diode f 1,

The closest in technical connection to the invention is a voltage converter containing a power controlled, inductive load, a magnetized reactor, a capacitor, switching and recovery diodes, in KoroiJoM the first load terminal is connected to the first terminal of the power source, the second aajk of which through the power controlled key, it is connected to the first winding of the magnetic reactor, and through the recovery diode to the second o6ivr; However, these windings are connected in vol-ice according to, and their common & a connection is connected via a capacitor to the terminal of the terminal of the picg sources; and, and through the switching diode - to its first terminal 23.

The known state of the art device is a fast response and increased energy performance during the open STATE of the power controlled key. The low response rate is caused by the fact that the energy into the load of an inductive nature begins to arrive not immediately after the power switch, and after the time it takes for the primary winding of the magnetic reactor to grow to a value greater than the load current, the slump of the crankshaft diode

The increased energy losses are due to the fact that each unit is output from the output. The C5 ROBOI4S control unit is taken up as an additional circuit in the form of the primary modem of the mass reactor, and the power according to Section 3, o. in order to reduce losses, at the moment of its switching on, between the power switch and the first terminal of the power source, the valve element with a voltage drop in the forward direction greater than switching diode.

and transferred to the reactor is dispersed in the valve elements.

The purpose of the invention is to increase fast disintegration and reduce energy loss.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a voltage converter containing a coherent control key, an inductive load, a magnetic reactor, a capacitor, a commutator and a recovery diode, in which the first load terminal is connected to the first terminal of the power supply, the second terminal of which is controlled through a power controlled the key is connected to the first winding of the magnetic reactor, and through the recovery diode - to the swarm of its winding, and these windings are connected in series-according, and their common connection point through a capacitor connected to the second terminal of the power source, and through a switching diode to its first terminal; in Oroy, the load view is connected to the switching diode through the first winding of the magnetic reactor.

When performing a magnetic reactor on a core with a linear hysteresis {zis loop, the second load terminal is connected directly to the force controlled key.

When performing a magnetic reactor on a core with a nonlinear hysteresis loop, the second load terminal is connected to the SSH1 controlled key through a portion of the turns of the first winding of the magnetic actor.

In addition to reducing losses in the indicated key in M (Mutients of it is high to cheny mecru by the power controlled by Kleuch and the first source of power, the “2” valve element with a voltage drop in the gf direction larger than the switching diode. FIG. 1 n 2 schematically shows variants of the voltage converter. The converter includes a load 1 of an inductive nature, a "first terminal 2 of the power supply, the first 3 and second 4 windings of a magnetic reactor 5, a recovery diode 6, a second terminal 7 of the power source, switch 8 (commutator diode 9, power controlled switch 1O, valve element 11. In Fig. 2, the first winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 is removed from a part of the turns. Neutral 1 of inductive nature is connected to the first terminal with a first terminal 2 power sources. The first and second windings 3 and 4 of the magnetic reactor 5 are connected in a consistent manner. The output of the second winding 4 of the magnetic reactor is connected via a recovery diode 6 to the second terminal 7 of the power source. A capacitor 8 is connected between the common point of the first and second windings 3 and 4 of the magnetic reactor 5 and the second terminal 7 of the power supply, the second output of load 1 is connected to the load 2 of the power supply through the first winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 and commute the highest diode 9 It is also connected to the first electrode of the output circuit of the power controlled switch 10, the second electrode of which is connected to the second terminal 7 of the power source 1a. . In 1d} voltage transformer, shown in FIG. 1, the connection of the second output terminal 1 with said Tbnvf first electrode w of the output circuit of the power input key 1O is direct. In a voltage converter, the circuit is shown in FIG. 2, the second output terminal 1 is connected to the first electrodes of the output circuit of the power controlled switch 1O through part of the turns of the first winding .3 of the magnetic reactor 5, and the valve element 11 is connected between the power switch 10 and the first terminal 2 of the power supply. The converter is almost the same for the circuits in FIG. 1 c 2, and therefore ok is considered as applied to the circuit in Fig. 1. P | H1 non-conductive state of the power switch 10 inductive load current 1 due to the accumulation of energy does not stop, but flows through the connected winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 and switching diode 9. Condensate {} 8 charges before power voltage. When the power switch 10 is transferred to the conductive state, the load 1 is practically immediately connected to the power source, and energy begins to flow into it from the source without any delay. At the initial moment when the key 10 is unlocked, its current is zero, since the current through the load cannot instantly change and its value is equal to the current flowing through the winding 3 of the reactor 5. Through the power switch 10, the current in the load 1 begins to increase due to transmission to it energy from the power source, and the current in the winding 3 is reduced due to the return of energy stored in the magnetic reactor 5 to the power source. Therefore, the current of the power switch Yu rises almost linearly. As the current of the winding 3 decreases, the direct current through the switching diode 9 also decreases, then the current through the diode 9 changes direction and stops when its valve properties are restored. At this point, the current of the power shred 1O is equal to the load current 1, folded with the amplitude value of the current through the switching diode 9 in the opposite direction. After locking the switching diode 9. the discharge of the cond 1cator 8 begins through the first winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 and the power controlled switch 1O. During this entire process, the polarity of the magnetic reactor 5 (shown in FIG. 1) is positive and the recuperative diode 6 is locked. As the capacitor 8 is discharged, the current of the winding 3 increases and the potential at the cathode of diode 6 decreases. Due to the energy stored in the reactor 5 (pumped from capacitor 8), at the end of the discharge process of capacitor 5, EMF of electromagnetic induction occurs at windings 3 and 4, and through Recovery valve 6, O & Trays 4 and 3, and power switch 1O, current flows due to accumulation and reactor 5 with energy. The energy accumulated in the magnetic reactor 5 begins to be released in diode 6 and in the output circuit of the power switch 1O. However, the energy release process is much slower than its process. accumulation in the magnetic reactor 5, since the voltage drop across the diode of the output circuit of the power switch 1O is much less than the supply voltage to which the capacitor 8 was charged before beginning the process of its discharge. Therefore, by the time of the transition of the power controlled clutch U from the state of high conductivity to the state of low energy in the reactor 5, it is practically not wasted. When the current of the Power key 10 decreases during its locking, the load current 1, which remains almost unchanged in the short lock time of the power 10, branches into the winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 and, through the indicated obiMOTKy, begins to charge the capacitor 6 (acting as a damping an element that accepts a load current and prevents an abrupt increase in voltage on the locking force of a controlled key Yu. When switching the load current si into winding 3 and the current increasing coil 3 as the current of power switch Yu increases, The current transformed into the winding 4 rises, which also charges the capacitor 8. During the charging process of the capacitor 8, the voltage across it and, therefore, on the winding 4 of the magnetic reactor 5 connected through a polarized diode 6 parallel to the capacitor 8 smoothly increases, Accordingly, the voltage on the power controlled key Yu smoothly increases, since f where Uj. and the voltage on the condecator 8 are power controlled key 10; W .... turns of the windings 3 and 4, as the voltage on the winding increases 4 accelerates the output from the magnetic reactor 5 of energy, Pass the thereto from the capacitor 8 and stored by the time of locking, which is expressed in a decrease of the magnetic induction pskhlozhigelnsy peg. The voltage rise on the capacitor 8 occurs until the commutating diode 9 is unlocked and the rest of the accumulated energy from the reactor 5 is returned to the power source. After the energy has been recovered and the decrease in pelvic induction of the magnetic field in the core of the magnetic reactor down to zero, a new process of energy storage in the core begins. induction now increases in the negative direction (the polarity on the windings is such that plus on the ends of the windings). In this case, the energy accumulated in the load is partially pumped into the reactor 5 and stored in it, and partially returned to the power source, which is caused by the flow of current through the recuperative diode 6 - the winding 4 of the switching diode 9 - the power source. As energy is accumulated in the core of the magnetic reactor 5 and the negative MDS grows, the current of the winding 4 decreases. When the current drops to zero, the recuperative diode 6 is locked and the power supply to the power supply stops. The sophisticated version of the voltage converter shown in the diagram in FIG. 2 allows the use of magnetic cores with a nonlinear hysteresis loop made of cheap ferrite grades, for example, for the magnetic reactor 5. 2OOONM1, Installed by the load current 1 flowing through part 3-1 of the winding 3 turns into a negative magnetization state, the core of the magnetic reactor 5 when unlocking the power control key 1O begins to reversal in the positive direction. This is due to the fact that part 3-3 of the turns 3 magnetic reactor 5 through diode 9, remaining in a state of high conductivity for some time, the supply voltage is applied, and the polarity of this voltage is such that plus at the beginning of the winding 3. Eciin magnetic reactor 5 It is performed on a core with a substantially nonlinear hysteresis loop, then in a short time it goes from a state of negative saturation to an unsaturated mode of operation, for which the characteristic of the magnetic pattern is: in the core, and therefore close to zero. MDS value in the core. Then the points proceeding in parts and 3-2 of the first winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5 turn out to be connected by the relation rTj Y. The box current flows through the switching unit Y in the opposite direction, the latter through the time during which the base absorbs the accumulated charge goes to 3 low conductivity states (locked). After this, the discharge begins. (7. capacitor 8 gokomZ, In the course of the cathode, the voltage on this condensation-mount decreases according to the law, close to linear). unlocking the key 10, the second terminal output load 1 Stacked with .f octopes & tm due to the transformation 71O of the voltage from part 3 of the first winding 3 of the MaiTiHTHoro reactor 5 in part 3-1 of this winding. This potential during the conductive state of the switching point 9 remains unchanged and then the discharge of the capacitor 8 by the current j. increases, leaving the discharge all the time of the discharge. This means that instantly by unlocking the power switch Yu in the load 1, the post JK begins to receive energy, which is stored in the capacitor 8, is also transferred to the load capacitor discharge time. As far as discharge. the capacitor 8 decreases the voltage on the windings of the magnetic reactor 5k, respectively, slows down the process of reversal of its core in the positive direction, and then the recovery diode 6 is unlocked and through it the current Zu starts. This current is connected to the load ss load, and the ratio 3, () is significantly less than the load current when the inequality is fulfilled) W, Then the losses in diode 6 and the power switch 10 from the leakage T / T turn out to be insignificant, and the energy transferred to our narrow 1 from the capacitor 8 does not have time to dissipate operation key 10 in a state of high conductivity SRI. The flow of current through diode 6 means that a voltage equal to the sum of the voltage drop across the recovery diode 6 and the power switch 1O acts on the windings 4 and 3-2, and the polarity of the voltage is such that on the beginning of the windings minus i.e. The core of the magnetic reactor 5 begins to re-magnetize in the positive direction, but at a slow speed (much slower than to re-magnetize in the positive direction), since the magnetization reversal is provided by the action of a small voltage on a significant number of windings of the 4th winding part 3-2 3. When locked the power switch 1O begins to decrease its current, and the load current 1 switches from the output circuit of the power switch 1O to the part 3-1 of the winding 3 of the magnetic reactor 5. This increases the current through the recuperation Iodine 6, and this current is now determined by the equality (.o. as the current 5 of the power controlled switch 10 decreases, the currents O increase, and X-opiJ ic) the capacitor 8 is charged by the sum of these currents. On it, the voltage starts to increase smoothly from zero and respectively4. 8. but gradually from zero, the voltage on the locking power switch starts to increase. 10. When using a nonlinear core in a magnetic reactor 5, it becomes possible to reduce energy losses in the power closure 1O during its locking due to a decrease in voltage. To this end, a value not exceeding the voltage of the PI / TANI without significant reduction and fast speed of the circuit. To this end, the valve element 11c is connected to the wire between the first electrode of the power switch Yu and the first terminal 2 of the power supply. state greater than that of the switching diode 9 during its operation in the conducting state. As a valve element 11, two diodes connected in series can be used, shown in FIG. 2 dotted line. In this case, the voltage on the power switch 1O rises during its locking until the said series-connected diodes 11 are unlocked, and then the potential on the first electrode of the output circuit of the power controlled key 10 slightly exceeds the supply voltage. On the sum of the turns of the winding 4 and part 3-2 of the winding 3, a voltage almost equal to the supply voltage arises, and therefore the core of the magnetic reactor 5 continues to reversal in the negative direction, and the load current 1 is closed through the valve element. When the core enters the saturation mode, when its magnetic resistance (winding inductance) becomes close to zero, the voltage on the windings of the magnetic reactor 5 disappears, and the current from the valve element 11 goes to the switching diode 9, which has a lower voltage drop than valve element 11. It is significant that this current transition occurs in a short time due to the low inductance of the windings of the magnetic reactor with saturation of its core. When using such a technical solution in FIG. 1 the transition of the current from the valve element 11 to the switching diode 9 would be much faster, since the magneto reactor 5 in the circuit in FIG. 1 must be linear and have a wired conductor n1 (its size of the x-sensor of the 8 ara is not selected power key), which significantly increases the time of the specified current transition, and

then reduces the bye action. It is impossible to turn on the power controlled key 1O until the current transition is complete, since in the STOM case when unlocking the key 10, its current will increase as the power supply voltage on the key until the return element of the valve element 11 is high, which means significant overload of the power switch Yu current and the corresponding energy loss.

Thus, excluding the load current from the circuit when the power controlled key is turned on completely (in the first version) or partially (in the second version) of the first winding of the magnetic reactor reduces energy losses, and also increases the speed of the voltage converter, and connecting the valve element ( in the second variant, it reduces losses when the power controlled key is turned off.

Fig 2

Claims (4)

1. A VOLTAGE CONVERTER containing a power switch, an inductive load, a magnetic reactor, a capacitor, switching and recovery diodes, in which the first load terminal is connected to the first terminal of the power source, the second terminal of which is connected through the power controlled switch to the first winding of the magnetic reactor, and through a recovery diode - to its second winding, and these windings are connected in series according to, and their common connection point through a capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the power supply and through the switching diode - to its first clamp, characterized in that, in order to increase the fast To reduce energy losses, the second ® output of the load is connected to the switching diode through the first winding of the magnetic reactor. Φνΐΐ Hihc ns 2. The converter according to π. 1, with the fact that the second output terminal of the load is connected to the power controlled key directly. 3. Pop converter, 1, with the fact that the second output terminal of the load is connected to the power controlled key through part of the turns of the first winding of the magnetic reactor. 4. The Converter according to claim 3, about. which means that, in order to reduce losses, in the power controlled key at the moment of its switching on between the power controlled key and the peri- od clamp of the power supply, a valve element is included with the voltage drop in the forward direction greater than that of the switching diode.