SK9212Y1 - Technological complex for municipal waste recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

The technological complex for municipal waste recovery consists of a mineralization chamber (10, 100), equipped with a tank (12, 120) and a collection container (14, 140), connected via a high-temperature filter (20) and a 5-way valve (22) with a catalytic reversible burner (30) and a gas heater (50) connected via an internal burner (51), a heat exchanger (52), a filtration system (53), a deep cleaner (54) and an end heat exchanger (55) via a main fan (56) with a suction device (40) connected to the chimney (60).

Description

Technical field

The technical solution concerns a complex of equipment for the recovery of municipal waste based on the technology of catalytic mineralization - low-temperature mineralization of gasification with catalytic purification of reaction gases and with the possibility of recovering thermal and electrical energy.

Prior art

Currently used methods and technologies of municipal waste disposal are known either on the principle of pyrolysis or plasma. Both technologies use relatively high processing temperatures from 800 to 10,000 ° C. In addition to high energy and operating costs, they do not solve the disposal of hazardous waste, while the recovery of collection raw materials is possible only after demanding segregation. The level of emission purity is not negligible either, where existing technologies allow these operations only after the installation of additional equipment, which also increases their financial demands. The result of the new principle of the technological process is not only a reduction in the volume and weight of municipal waste by 80-99.9% depending on the composition of the waste, but also complete dewatering of waste associated with complete removal of odors of the waste and elimination of all viruses and bacteria. The input material is mainly municipal waste of various types in terms of waste categorization: htps: www odpady - portál.sk / Dokument / 100124 / Katalog-odpadov.aspx (except for construction, explosive), while by connecting additional modules it is possible to process some types of hazardous, liquid and hospital waste.

The technology itself is specifically protected. EP 1709364 B1, EP 1787015 A1, resp. EP 1906087 B1, whose author or co-author is prof. Zygmund Wysocki.

The essence of the technical solution

The stated shortcomings and disadvantages of the existing technologies are eliminated from the constructional point of view and eliminated by a technical solution according to the utility model, the essence of which is that it consists of a mineralization chamber equipped with a tank and collection container connected via a high temperature filter and a 5-way valve connected via a 5-way valve with a reverse catalytic burner and subsequently with a gas heater connected via an internal burner, heat exchanger, filtration system, depth cleaner (option) and end heat exchanger via a main fan with a suction device connected to the chimney. The advantage of the technical solution is that the production equipment for municipal waste recovery is an innovative patented solution for recovery and disposal of municipal waste, which is based on catalytic mineralization technology - low temperature mineralization and gasification with subsequent catalytic purification of reaction gases. is the recovery of heat and electricity.

The technology falls into category B AT (Best avalable technology) according to Directive 96/61 EC. Due to the low process temperature, which does not exceed 525 ° C and without the presence of a flame, it does not emit harmful waste substances such as NO2, dioxides, furans, CO, methane and others.

Main advantages of the technology:

- low process temperature, no release of harmful substances,

- reduction of the volume and weight of waste by 90-99.9%, which completely eliminates or significantly reduces the need for landfilling,

- no harmful emissions, only CO 2 and water vapor are produced,

- low operating and energy costs,

- modular structure for the treatment of different types of waste,

- efficient production of heat and electricity during the process.

The result of the technological process is a reduction in the volume of municipal waste by 80-99% depending on the composition of the waste, complete dewatering of the waste, complete removal of the odor of the waste and elimination of all viruses and bacteria. The technology is dimensioned in a size variant of 10 - 20 tons per day, while the mineralization chambers can be interconnected and their capacity is added. The mineral powder does not contain any harmful substances and can be deposited in ordinary landfills or used as an admixture in concrete, base material for roads, buildings and the like. Other products of the process are water and CO2. Metal, glass and other non-degradable materials entering the process remain unchanged at the outlet and are subsequently separated for further use and recycling.

SK 9212 Υ1

Overview of figures in the drawings

In the accompanying drawing in FIG. is a schematic diagram of a technological complex for the recovery of municipal waste.

Examples of embodiments

The technological complex for municipal waste disposal consists of a mineralization chamber 10, 100, equipped with a tank 12, 120 and a collection container 14, 140, connected via a high temperature filter 20 and a 5-way valve 22 to a catalytic reversible burner 30, followed by a gas heater 50, connected via internal igniter 51, heat exchanger 52, filtration system 53, depth cleaner 54 (as an option for hospital waste) and end heat exchanger 55 via main fan 56 with adsorber 40 connected to chimney 60. Internal igniter 51 is via process fan 15 connected to the mineralization chamber 10, 100 and the collecting container 14, 140.

After treatment of the input waste 13 by separation and crushing to the required fraction up to 50 mm, it is transported by a conveyor (crusher and conveyor are not part of the technical solution) to the hopper 12, 120 of the mineralization chamber 10, 110. From the hopper 12, 120 basket of the mineralization chamber 10, 100. In the mineralization chamber 10, 100, the process of mineralization, gasification and utilization begins. Temperatures range from 450 to 550 ° C depending on the type of waste being treated. Catalytic mineralization is a process in which a mineral 0.01 - 10% of the original volume of the weight of the waste is formed from organic waste materials. The processed-utilized waste falls from the basket of the mineralization chamber 10, 100 in the form of a fine mineral powder into a collection container (ashtray) 14, 140. From there it is mechanically transferred to an external collection device. After the end of the mineralization process, the process of technical gas purification begins. In the high temperature filter 20, inert particles are separated from the gases. The temperature of the gases is reduced to the required 4,000 ° C by atmospheric cooling of the pipe to prevent damage to the 30 RCO catalytic reversing burner. The regulation of the optimum gas temperature is ensured in the catalytic reverse burner 30 RCO by possible additional heating by electric spirals located in the upper part. The gas decomposes to form CO and CO ₂ and nitrogen compounds NOx or Cl. The synthesis gas is then heated by a gas heater 50 to 600 ° C and enters the internal afterburner 51. Chlorine compounds decompose from the gas, which are further processed or alkalized (trapping of substances on the basis of a medium) on an adsorber 40 to form CO ₂ and H _2. ABOUT.

The gas is then purged in filtration system 53, where the nitrogen compounds are separated. The purification level is 99%.

Subsequently, the gas is transported either through a deep scrubber 54 (optional), where the chlorine compounds are separated, or directly to a heat exchanger 55, where its temperature is reduced to 45 ° C, and from there is transported through an adsorber 40 and a gas analyzer to a stack 60. where in the form of water vapor CO ₂ and H ₂ O is released into the air at a temperature of 35 ° C. If H ₂ O, which is in the volume of 600 1 / t of waste, _{is captured, only CO 2} is released into the atmosphere.

Industrial applicability

The technical solution according to the utility model concerns a highly updated requirement for municipal waste treatment, while the resulting mineral powder does not contain any harmful substances and can be deposited in ordinary landfills or used as an admixture in concrete, base material for roads, buildings, etc.

Claims (2)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION A technological complex for the recovery of municipal waste, characterized in that it consists of a mineralization chamber (10, 100) equipped with a reservoir (12, 120) and a collecting container 5 (14, 140) connected via a high-temperature filter (20) and 5 -way valve (22) with a catalytic reversible burner (30) and subsequently with a gas heater (50) connected via an internal burner (51), a heat exchanger (52), a filtration system (53), a depth cleaner (54) and an end heat exchanger (55) via a main fan (56) with an adsorber (40) connected to the chimney (60). Technological complex for municipal waste recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal incinerator (51) is connected to the mineralization chamber (10, 100) and the collection container (14, 140) via a process fan (15).