SK8632000A3 - Process for the production of phytosterols and/or vitamins - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution describes the production of phytosterols and / or vitamins, such as sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, tocopherol, rapeseed oil. The preparation is carried out under vacuum at 4 to 4000 Pa and a temperature of 150 to 270 ° C in at least two phases. In the first, a mixture of fatty acids, sterols and vitamins is isolated, from which a sterol mixture is isolated in a second phase and / or vitamins.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a process for the production of phytosterols and / or vitamins such as sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, tocopherol from rapeseed oil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Free or fatty acid esterified sterols accompany all oils and fats of plant and animal origin. Therefore, they can be categorized according to origin into phytosterols (plant origin), zoosterols (animal origin) and micosterols (from fungi, fungi, etc.).

Sterols are alicyclic, secondary alcohols having a structure derived from cholestane (cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene). Phytosterols are widespread sitosterol, which is a mixture of the isomers α, β, and γ - sitosterol (24 - β ethyl - A ^with - cholesten - 3β - ol). These isomers are difficult to isolate by conventional physical methods. For practical purposes this is generally neither necessary nor for other purposes can be separated either in the form of derivatives e.g. acetates or chromatography. In addition to sitosterol, rapeseed oil contains significant amounts of campesterol (24a - methyl - Δ ⁵ - cholesten - 3β - ol) and brassicasterol (24β - methyl - Δ * ²² - cholestadien - 3β - ol). Avenasterol, stigmasterol and various derivatives and isomers, mainly sitosterol and campesterol, are present to a lesser extent depending on the origin and nature of the vegetable oil.

Of the vitamins that are often present with sterols, those that are soluble in oils and fats such as vitamins A, D, K, and E are the most important. Rapeseed oil mainly contains vitamin E, which is known in four modifications as α, β , γ and δ tocopherol.

Sterols are generally isolated from natural materials by extraction. After saponification, hydrolysis of the glycerides, the sterols are extracted with ethyl ether or another solvent, or further separated by chromatography, which allows separation of the individual isomers. It is also industrially possible to re-esterify the glycerides of vegetable oils with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to give the corresponding methyl esters, glycerin, which are distilled off. Because the tocopherols are decomposed by alkali in the heat, but are essential for the reesterification process, this process is particularly suitable for the production of fatty acid methyl esters, which have found significant application in the production of biodiesel. Since conventional oils and fats contain sterols and vitamins in amounts of a few hundredths to tenths of a percent, conventional or molecular distillation is limited.

In the mentioned disadvantage, it substantially eliminates the solution according to the invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The production of phytosterols and / or vitamins such as sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, tocopherol from rapeseed oil consists in the first stage treating the rapeseed oil having an acid number of 0.5 to 20 mg KOH / g on the evaporation surface under a vacuum. up to 4000 Pa, at a temperature of from 180 to 280 ° C, preferably in a film evaporator, until the acid number decreases from 0 to 10 mg KOH / g and in the second phase a mixture of fatty acids, oil, sterols and vitamins with an acid number of 21 to 185 mg KOH / g are applied on the evaporation surface at a vacuum of 5 to 4000 Pa, at a temperature of 150 to 270 ° C until the acid number drops to 0 to 20 mg KOH / g.

If further separation of the sterols and vitamins is necessary for the mixture after separation of the fatty acids, the evaporation surface is treated at a pressure of 1 to 4000 Pa, a temperature of 180 to 280 ° C, gradually separating the individual components of vitamins and sterols.

It is also possible to prepare the mixture by mixing sterols and vitamins in isopropyl alcohol and separating them by chromatographic methods, in particular using column chromatography.

Said process according to the invention does not have high investment and operating costs. It allows to obtain several products of significant industrial application. The fatty acid glycerides after the first phase can either be used for food and industrial purposes or after reesterification with methanol to produce biodiesel and glycerin. The second phase fatty acids, which in the case of rapeseed oil are mainly composed of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, are in turn a suitable raw material in the production of surfactants, either by direct oxyethylation to form a whole variety of nonionic surfactants, by reaction with polyamines and alkanolamines and anionic surfactants by neutralization with bases; soaps.

Sterols have significant applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They increase the body's resistance to various poisons with which it forms non-toxic addition products. In medicine they are used to produce various preparations against civilization diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease and circulatory disorders. Vitamin E, the tocopherols of which the most physiologically effective α-caffeine, also called fertility vitamin, can be used together with the sterols mentioned in the manufacture of various mixed preparations or food additives, or isolated at a later stage if necessary.

Rapeseed oil is used as a starting material, which is obtained by pressing rapeseed seeds or by pressing and then extracting oilseeds. Rape oil after pressing and filtering must be degummed and bleached. This is a condition of the oil treatment before entering the distillation refining. Various commercial devices can be used for vacuum distillation, either with a concave or convex evaporation surface (UV 1255, Vacuum Distillation and / or Deodorization Equipment). The invention is further illustrated by way of examples.

Example 1

Completely degassed and dewatered rapeseed oil with an acid number of 5 mg KOH / g, heated to 210 ° C, enters a short path evaporator at a vacuum of 10 - 50 Pa. The oil flows down to an area heated to 200-210 ° C until the acid number drops below 0.1 mg KOH / g. In a second phase, a mixture of fatty acids, oil, sterols and vitamins having an acid number of 160 mg KOH / g is treated at 180 ° C and a vacuum of 20-70 Pa to an acid number below 1 mg KOH / g. This gives a mixture of fatty acids of 62% by weight. oleic acid, 19% by weight. of linoleic acid, 10% by weight. Iolinolenic acid, 4.5 wt%. palmitic acid,

1.5% by weight. eicosenoic acid and the rest of the unidentified substance. The mixture of sterols and vitamins had a composition of 48.5% by weight. β- sitosterol, 35% by weight. campesterol, * 10% by weight. brassicasterol, 3.5 wt%. avenasterol and 3 wt.%. vitamin E.

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Example 2

The sterol / vitamin mixture of Example 1 was dissolved in a 50% solution in isopropyl alcohol. Powdered cellulose and heptane mobile phase were used as the packed column.

Claims (3)

Patent claims Process for the production of phytosterols and / or vitamins such as sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, tocopherol from rapeseed oil, characterized in that, in the first stage, rapeseed oil having an acid number of 0.5 to 20 mg KOH / g on the evaporation surface is treated at vacuum at 5 to 4000 Pa, at a temperature of 180 to 280 ° C, preferably in a film evaporator, until the acid number of 0 to 10 mg KOH / g decreases and in the second phase a mixture of fatty acids, oil, sterols and vitamins with an acid number of 21 to 185 mg The KOH / g is applied on the evaporation surface under a vacuum of 5 to 4000 Pa, at a temperature of 150 to 270 ° C until the acid number drops to 0 to 20 mg KOH / g. 2. A process for the production of phytosterols and / or vitamins according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture after separation of the fatty acids is treated on the evaporation surface at a pressure of 1 to 4000 Pa, a temperature of 180 to 280 [deg.] C. components of vitamins and sterols. 3. A process for the production of phytosterols and / or vitamins according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture in the second phase after separation of the fatty acids is dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and separated by chromatographic methods.