SK8473Y1 - Additional ingredient to cement and concrete - Google Patents

Additional ingredient to cement and concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
SK8473Y1
SK8473Y1 SK50073-2018U SK500732018U SK8473Y1 SK 8473 Y1 SK8473 Y1 SK 8473Y1 SK 500732018 U SK500732018 U SK 500732018U SK 8473 Y1 SK8473 Y1 SK 8473Y1
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Slovakia
Prior art keywords
cement
concrete
weight
component
ash
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SK50073-2018U
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Slovak (sk)
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SK500732018U1 (en
Inventor
Róbert Šteffek
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Businesscoop Ltd
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Publication of SK500732018U1 publication Critical patent/SK500732018U1/en
Publication of SK8473Y1 publication Critical patent/SK8473Y1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C04B18/087—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash from liquid fuels, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/061—Ashes from fluidised bed furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/60—Methods for eliminating alkali metals or compounds thereof, e.g. from the raw materials or during the burning process; methods for eliminating other harmful components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00215—Mortar or concrete mixtures defined by their oxide composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

Additional component for cement and concrete constitutes the fluid ash containing from 6 % to 26 % by weight of CaO and 26 % to 46 % by weight of SiO2. The rest of the ash is formed by others individual components thereof. The ash is finished with sprayed coating of ammonia and/or urea. The resulted content od alkali as Na2O as well as K2O is in the range between 0,2 to 0,5 %.

Description

Technické riešenie sa týka doplňujúcej zložky do cementu a betónu, ktorú je možné využívať aj na výrobu slinku a rôznych iných stavebných zmesí.The technical solution concerns a complementary component for cement and concrete, which can also be used for the production of clinker and various other building mixtures.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

V súčasnosti sa už bežne v záujme úspory východiskových surovín využívajú také dopĺňajúce zložky do cementu a betónu, ako je napr. vysokopecná granulovaná troska, prírodný puzolán, prírodný kalcinovaný puzolán, kremičitý popolček, vápenatý popolček, portlandský slinok, síran vápenatý, kalcinovaná bridlica, vápenec, kremičitý úlet alebo anorganické látky pochádzajúce z výroby slinku.Nowadays, in order to save the raw materials, it is common to use such supplementary components in cement and concrete, such as e.g. blast furnace granulated slag, natural pozzolan, natural calcined pozzolan, silica fly ash, calcium fly ash, Portland clinker, calcium sulfate, calcined slate, limestone, silica drift or inorganic substances derived from clinker production.

Zaobstarávanie týchto zložiek je vysoko zložité, pretože každá zložka musí spĺňať určité parametre. Ich výroba je energeticky náročná, pretože sa musia mlieť a ďalej upravovať, resp. ťažiť. Preto tieto zložky nie sú príliš ekonomicky výhodné, napriek tomu, že čiastočne nahradzujú portlandský slinok.Procurement of these components is highly complex, as each component must meet certain parameters. Their production is energy intensive, because they have to be ground and further treated, respectively. benefit. Therefore, these components are not very economically advantageous, although they partially replace the Portland clinker.

Okrem pomerne vysokej ceny týchto zložiek a ich dostupnosti je ďalšou nevýhodou napr. kremičitých popolčekov skutočnosť, že po denitrifíkácii je kremičitý popolček zároveň kontaminovaný NH3, čím je jeho ďalšie použitie v cemente aj betónoch ešte viac obmedzené.In addition to the relatively high cost of these components and their availability, another disadvantage is e.g. Silica fly ash The fact that, after denitrification, silica fly ash is simultaneously contaminated with NH3, making its further use in cement and concrete even more limited.

Podstata technického riešeniaThe essence of the technical solution

Tieto nevýhody sú do značnej miery odstránené doplňujúcou zložkou do cementu a betónu podľa teraz predkladaného technického riešenia, ktorá je tvorená fluidným popolčekom, obsahujúcim v hmotnostnom množstve 6 % až 26 % CaO a 26 % až 46 % S1O2, pričom zvyšok tvoria ostatné jeho ďalšie obvyklé čiastkové zložky, ktorý je vybavený nástrekom roztoku amoniaku a/alebo močoviny. Výsledný obsah alkálií ako NazO a aj K2O sav ňom pritom pohybuje v hmotnostnommnožstve vrozsahu0,2 až 0,5 %.These drawbacks are largely eliminated by the cement and concrete supplementary component of the present invention, which consists of a fluidized fly ash containing 6% to 26% CaO and 26% to 46% S1O2 by weight, the remainder being the other conventional a component component which is provided with a spraying solution of ammonia and / or urea. The resulting alkali content of both Na 2 O and K 2 O is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5% by weight.

Uvádzaný oxid vápenatý (CaO) a oxid kremičitý (SÍO2) sú v odbornej terminológii, resp. v technických normách bežne označované ako aktívne oxidy, pretože napr. CaO reaguje s močovinou, resp. s amoniakom vo fluidnom popolčeku, čím dochádza k neutralizácii, pri ktorej sa doplňujúca zložka do cementu a betónu podľa tohto technického riešenia zbaví nežiaducich komponentov a je v nej dosiahnutý takto ní/ky obsah alkálií. Dôležité sú z tohto hľadiska v podstate len definované spodné hranice obsahov CaO a SÍO2, pretože pri ich obsahu pod touto spodnou hranicou by už nebolo možné tento nízky obsah alkálií, ktoiý je v doplňujúcich zložkách do cementu a betónu požadovaný v záujme zvýšenia jeho trvanlivosti, dosiahnuť. Doplňujúca zložka do cementu a betónu podľa technického riešenia sa preto môže používať aj pri výrobe nízkoalkalických cementov, pripadne aj nízko alkalických betónov, zároveň je bez zápachu a pri reakcii s vodou nedochádza k inak obvyklým negatívnym reakciám, pričom množstvo nástreku roztoku amoniaku a/alebo močoviny do fluidného popolčeka sa riadi požiadavkou na neprekročenie emisných limitov NO2.Said calcium oxide (CaO) and silica (SiO2) are in the technical terminology, respectively. commonly referred to as active oxides in technical standards, because e.g. CaO reacts with urea, resp. with ammonia in a fluidized-bed fly ash, thereby neutralizing, in which the cement and concrete additive according to the invention is freed from undesirable components and achieves such a lower alkali content. Essentially, only the lower limit values of CaO and SiO2 content are important in this respect, since below this lower limit, the low alkali content required in the cement and concrete additive components to achieve its durability would no longer be achievable. . Accordingly, the additive component for cement and concrete according to the invention can also be used in the production of low-alkaline cements, possibly also low-alkaline concretes, at the same time being odorless and reacting with water does not cause otherwise usual negative reactions. to the fly ash shall be governed by the requirement not to exceed the NO2 emission limits.

Ostatné bežné čiastkové zložky fluidného popolčeka už v obvyklých rozsahoch ich obsahov, najmä napr. ďalšie oxidy, ako oxid hlinitý, železitý a pod., nie sú už z hľadiska ní/kelio obsahu alkálií v doplňujúcej zložke do cementu a betónu podľa technického riešenia podstatné. Ďalej táto doplňujúca zložka môže pritom obsahovať v hmotnostnommnožstve aj napr. 0,002 až 0,060 % chloridov a celkom 2 až 6 % síry.Other conventional fluidized-bed components are already in the usual ranges of their contents, in particular e.g. other oxides, such as alumina, ferric oxide and the like, are no longer essential from the point of view of the alkali content of the supplementary component in cement and concrete according to the invention. In addition, the supplementary component may also contain e.g. 0.002 to 0.060% of chlorides and a total of 2 to 6% of sulfur.

Okrem toho, že v doplňujúcej zložke do cementu a betónu podľa technického riešenia je dosiahnutý takto nízky obsah alkálií, sú jej výhodou zároveň ní/ke výrobné náklady a vyhovenie platným normámIn addition to the fact that such a low alkali content is achieved in the complementary component in cement and concrete according to the invention, it also has the advantage of manufacturing costs and compliance with the applicable standards

Doplňujúca zložka do cementu a betónu podľa technického riešenia má pritom vysokú jemnosť a objemovú hmotnosť v rozsahu 0,70 až 1,20 Mg/m3, jej zrnitosť sa pohybuje v rozsahu 0,63 až 0,125 mm s obsahom jemných častíc v rozsahu 60 až 99,9 % hmotnostných, pričom jej sypná hmotnosť je 0,5 až 0,7 Mg/m3 a strata žíhaním 2 až 5 % hmotnostných.According to the invention, the supplementary component for cement and concrete has a high fineness and bulk density in the range of 0.70 to 1.20 Mg / m 3 , its grain size is in the range of 0.63 to 0.125 mm with a fine particle content in the range of 60 to 99.9% by weight, with a bulk density of 0.5 to 0.7 Mg / m 3 and an annealing loss of 2 to 5% by weight.

Výhodou doplňujúcej zložky do cementu a betónu podľa technického riešenia je aj skutočnosť, že neobsahuje organické znečistenie, obs ah prírodných rádionuklidov vyhovuje pre bytové priestory a dobre s a znáš a aj s ostatnými prísadami do betónu, napr. plastifikačnými prísadami apod.The advantage of the additional component in cement and concrete according to the technical solution is also the fact that it does not contain organic contamination, the content of natural radionuclides is suitable for living space and well with and you know and also with other concrete additives, eg. plasticizers, etc.

Príklady uskutočneniaEXAMPLES

Doplňujúca zložka do cementu a betónu v tomto príkladnom uskutočnení je tvorená fluidným popolčekom, ktorý vzniká pri fluidnom spaľovaní práškového uhlia pri teplote približne 850 °C a ktorý obsahuje 10 hmotnostných % oxidu vápenatého (CaO) a 30 hmotnostných % oxidu kremičitého (SÍO2), pričom zvyšok tvoria jeho ostatné obvyklé čiastkové zložky. Fluidný popolček je pritom vybavený nástrekom močoviny a výsledný obsah alkálií Na2O je v ňom 0,3 hmotnostných % a 0,4 hmotnostných % alkálií K2O.The cement and concrete supplementary component of this exemplary embodiment is a fluidized-bed ash produced by fluidized-bed combustion of pulverized coal at a temperature of about 850 ° C and containing 10 wt% calcium oxide (CaO) and 30 wt% silica (SiO 2), the rest are its other usual sub-components. The fly ash is provided with urea feed and the resulting Na2O alkali content is 0.3 wt% and 0.4 wt% K2O alkali.

S K 8473 ΥΙN E 8473 ΥΙ

Pri skúšobných testoch sa táto doplňujúca zložka primiešala do cementu v množstve 15 hmotnostných %, vztiahnuté na hmotnosť cementu CEM I 52,5 R s merným povrchom 4100 cm2g_1. Zo získaného cementu sa pripravila kaša s W = 0,5, ktorá začala tuhnúť po 220 minútach. Malta pripravená z tohto cementu pri pomere cementu k piesku s plynulou granulometriou (normového piesku) 1 : 3 sa uložila vo forme telies s rozmermi 5 4 x 4 x 16 cm počas 24 hod. v prostredí nasýtenej vodnej pary a ponechala sa počas 28 dní vo vode s teplotou 20 °C. Po 48 hod. mali telieska pevnosť v tlaku 38,7 MPa a pevnosť v ohybe 6,4 MPa. Po 7 dňoch predstavovala pevnosť v tlaku 52 MPa a pevnosť v ohybe 8,4 MPa, po 28 dňoch potombola pevnosť v tlaku 60,8 MPa a pevnosť v ohybe 8,8 MPa.In the test assays, this additional component is admixed to the cement in an amount of 15 wt%, based on the weight of cement CEM I 52.5 R with a surface area of 4100 cm 2 g _1. A slurry with W = 0.5 was prepared from the obtained cement, which began to set after 220 minutes. The mortar prepared from this cement at a ratio of cement to sand with a continuous granulometry of 1: 3 was deposited in the form of bodies with dimensions of 4 x 4 x 16 cm for 24 hours. in saturated water vapor and kept for 28 days in 20 ° C water. After 48 hrs. the bodies had a compressive strength of 38.7 MPa and a flexural strength of 6.4 MPa. After 7 days, the compressive strength was 52 MPa and the flexural strength was 8.4 MPa, after 28 days of compression the compressive strength was 60.8 MPa and the flexural strength was 8.8 MPa.

Claims (1)

Doplňujúca zložka do cementu a betónu, vyznačujúca sa tým, že je tvorená fluidným popolčekom, obsahujúcim v hmotnostnom množstve 6 % až 26 % CaO a 26 % až 46 % S1O2, pričom zvyšok 5 tvoria ostatné jeho čiastkové zložky, ktorý je vybavený nástrekom roztoku amoniaku a/alebo močoviny a výsledný obsah alkálií tak Na?O ako aj K2O sa v ňom pohybuje v rozsahu 0,2 až 0,5 %.Complementary component for cement and concrete, characterized in that it consists of a fluidized-bed ash containing by weight 6% to 26% CaO and 26% to 46% S1O2, the remainder 5 being the other sub-components thereof, which is sprayed with ammonia solution and / or urea and the resulting alkali content of both Na 2 O and K 2 O ranges from 0.2 to 0.5%.
SK50073-2018U 2017-08-04 2018-08-03 Additional ingredient to cement and concrete SK8473Y1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2017-33994U CZ31037U1 (en) 2017-08-04 2017-08-04 An additional component in cement and concrete

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SK8473Y1 true SK8473Y1 (en) 2019-06-04

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CZ (1) CZ31037U1 (en)
DE (1) DE202018104483U1 (en)
HU (1) HUP1800277A2 (en)
PL (1) PL426573A1 (en)
SI (1) SI25437A2 (en)
SK (1) SK8473Y1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001106557A (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-17 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Storing method of aggregative dust
PL220265B1 (en) * 2011-03-29 2015-09-30 Akademia Górniczo Hutnicza Im Stanisława Staszica W Krakowie Mineral additive for the concrete moulds with RPC reactive powder and other cement-based highly resistant composites
CN104310946B (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-02-24 傅宇晓 A kind of coal ash heat-preservation material and preparation method thereof
RU2630021C1 (en) * 2016-06-07 2017-09-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Институт химии твердого тела Уральского Отделения Российской Академии наук" Method for processing fly ash of thermal power stations
KR20180002972A (en) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-09 단국대학교 산학협력단 Low-heat concrete composition including urea

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PL426573A1 (en) 2019-02-11
DE202018104483U1 (en) 2018-08-13
CZ31037U1 (en) 2017-09-19
HUP1800277A2 (en) 2019-02-28
SI25437A2 (en) 2018-11-30

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