SK582011A3 - Device for thermal magnetic cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermal magnetic cycle device converts heat different source with different temperature level to mechanical or directly to electricity. There's a reverse cycle produce cold and warmth. Significant is the possibility of deep single cycle refrigeration without intercooler during liquefaction gas and air for turbocharged engines. The benefit of the solar engine is the benefit of the utilization high temperatures of heavily concentrated radiation and cascade utilization of 1000 K temperature gradient without pressure stress of structural elements of the device, without fluid and liquid heat transfer media.

Description

DEVICE FOR THERMAL MAGNETIC CYCLE

Technical field

The invention relates to the conversion of heat from an external source to mechanical and electrical energy in dextrorotatory heat cycles as well as vice versa and is applicable to cooling and heat pumping in left-handed heat cycles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The induction of electric energy by changing the magnetic flux due to a change in the temperature of the magnetic material near the curie point, or by changing the forces acting in a rotary or linear motor, have been known since the times of Edison and Nicola Tesla. Edison's British patent for a pyromagnetic generator had no. 16709, similarly Teslov U.S. Patent No. 4228,057.

Recently, similar principles have been proposed for the use of heat and low temperature levels. Suitable materials such as e.g. Gadolmium, Germanium and their alloys or alloys of iron, manganese and phosphorus with arsenic or germanium, which have been primarily designed as materials for magnetocaloric cooling with a high entropy or temperature increase effect with magnetic field strength. The heating or cooling of the thermomagnetic material is carried out by gases, steam in an open or closed cycle by direct or regenerative heating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a solution for efficiently and rapidly exchanging heat into functional materials by providing the thermal magnetic cycle with a foil heat distributor whose heat strips slide in direct contact on the ferromagnetic strips of magnetically soft materials and alternately transfer heat and cold from the heater and cooler. The ferromagnetic tapes are aligned with different curvature height in the direction of the longitudinal oscillations of the foil heat distributor and at their edges comprise slots to increase the thermal resistance in the oscillation direction. Each ferromagnetic tape is thus a separate active heat regenerator, the output of which is at the same time entering the next cascade. Rapid temperature variation around the curling point of the ferromagnetic tapes induces electrical voltage in the coil of the magnetic circuit with one-sided permanent magnets in medium and larger thermal magnetic cycle devices, or, in smaller versions, a magnetic motor with alternatively possible torque transfer from magnetic forces. acting on ferromagnetic tapes in the cold state from permanent magnets. Here, ferromagnetic substances can stand and two pairs of magnets rotate around a common axis. The cycler actuates the foil heat distributor so that when the magnets are drawn around the ferromagnetic tapes, the tapes are colder than the curie point and warmer during the run-out. The magnets can be fixed and the ferromagnetic tapes then oscillate with phase shift and transmit their oscillations through the sliding arm to the crank or linear output. The ferromagnetic tapes as well as the foil heat distributor tapes may have a (galvanic) coating of nickel, zinc or silver. The thin material contact zone thus significantly increases the heat transfer without having to be too demanding in terms of smoothness and flatness. For high frequencies and performance, the thin foil heat distributor tapes are stretched at their ends by flexing to the stator or by clamping on the tape holder fork in the cold part of the device. The gentle pressure of the functional surfaces against each other creates a flexible spacer ring on the cross-members of the ferromagnetic tape holder, e.g. in the shape of bars. Flexible spacer ring according to temperature gradients, eg. contains heat-resistant flexible wool.

In an inverted cycle, the thermal magnetic device acts as a cooling device. Any number of cascades of tapes of ferromagnetic material with different curie temperatures allow the production of cryogenic temperatures with a high specific power and low need for functional materials directly in one cycle. Ferromagnetic strips FeMnPiGei- _x based on the complete set of the magneto and economically suitable material.

Image overview

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a device having a thermal magnetic cycle in all embodiments. The dotted cross symbolizes the static arm 10B, the double dotted line symbolizes the design with the rotary arm 10B.

Fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the device in a rotary and non-rotary version with a stationary coil 12, without a crank mechanism version.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The thermal magnetic cycle device used in a hybrid solar-biomass power plant in decentralized operation with lower power (up to 100 kW) is in the form of a rotary motor in which torque is transmitted from rattling magnets 8A and 8B by arms 10B or crank mechanism by arm 10A of ferromagnetic strips 3A to 3B. which are linearly reversible. The heater 1 is a copper plate bilaterally located around two blocks of foil heat distributor strips 4 and on both pillars of the motor frame on the sides of the horizontal axis of rotation of the two pairs of magnets 8A and 8B. The inner part of the copper plates is ribbed and around the ribs are stretched the vertical strips of the foil heat distributor 4 and between the holder 9 and the tensioner 13 with return springs. The spacers in the holder 9 have a thickness of the fins of the heater and the ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B. The holder 9 is controlled by a cycler 7, which programmatically controls the vertical movement of the two foil heat distributors 4. Depending on the size of the device, the control can be a cam, a crank, electronically sensing the position of the magnets 8 and a linear servomotor. The stroke phase determines the type of thermal cycle. The regenerative quasi brayton cycle occurs when cooling of the ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B by regenerative stroke occurs completely prior to engagement of the pairs of magnets 8A and 8B around the ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B. This is followed by the magnet attraction and the rotation of the arms 10B with simultaneous isoentropic magnetocaloric heating of the ferromagnetic tapes 3A. 3X. 3B. which represents, in a previous stage, the amount of cooling to cooler 2, along with other waste heat resulting from process inefficiency. In the vicinity of the center position of the overlap of the magnet pairs of the whole ferromagnetic tape block 3A to 3B, heating occurs by the vertical downward movement of the foil heat distributor 4 and the low resistance run of the magnet pairs 8A and 8B into inertia rotation on the arms 10B. The ferromagnetic tapes 3A are made of iron and this corresponds to an upper heating temperature of 760 ° C. In the case of cobalt it is 1140 ° C. Following are 3X ferromagnetic tapes with increasingly lower curie temperature, among which materials such as e.g. Fe ₂ O ₃ , MnBi, Ni, FesOiNiO, MnB, Cu ₂ Mnln, NiTiSnMn, FeNbB, FeMnl \ Gei,. Different materials are prepared in the form of tapes by different technology. Typically, it is by rolling, melt spraying followed by rapid cooling or brazing of sandwiches, which are composed of two non-magnetic edge 0.02 mm thin strips and the center is brazed granular ferromagnetic alloy granules of about 0.06 mm.

Concentrated solar radiation to Cu plates or Ni plates allows a high heat transfer to a high temperature level foil heat distributor ribbon 4 on a small area without reducing the material strength limiting the achievability of pressures such as rankine or other fluid thermal cycles. A temperature gradient of e.g. 100 ° C 40 ° C and completes the reference efficiency (about 75% cantotum efficiency) with sufficiently filled cascades allows to achieve the efficiency of thermodynamic conversion of solar radiation up to 55%. At the same time as the solar operation of the engine, iron accumulation segments can overheat independently and be gradually stored in an underground thermal accumulator. These accumulators supply the solar motor with a magnetic thermal cycle by successive feeding and pressing on the heater plates i, thus extending the running time of the solar power plant from 10 to over 20 hours of operation on a sunny day. The storage plates are overheated by biomass or gas on a glowing day. Compared to photovoltaics, investments and yields per lm ^{2 are} significantly more favorable. Photovoltaics costs up to € 400 per m ² and produces about 150 kWh per year. Solar magnetic motor with accumulator on lm ² contains lm ² mirrors in the engine + lm ² mirrors in the battery, tower, magazine, mechanism and this unit will not exceed the price of 400 €, but will produce up to 1000 kWh per year due to higher conversion efficiency and heat input.

Hybrid operation with biomass or gas makes it possible to achieve a top-of-the-range power plant mode that adds to the economic effect, as a small increase in fuel costs will increase overall operation and annual production to 2000 to 3000 kWh per year from 1 + 1 m ² .

Other designs are medium and high capacity solar power plants. Generator with thermal magnetic cycle is non-rotating, other operating conditions are similar to the above. Such types are suitable for areas of high incidence of solar radiation with the advantage of working mode without additional resources. The use of desert areas, in particular, will make it possible to deliver virtually unlimited power through long-distance direct energy distribution due to the high energy conversion efficiency. The longitude distribution and the accumulators allow for smooth and peak deliveries.

Other embodiments are biomass cogenerators. The operation is carried out by direct or indirect heating of the heater plates 1, by simply cleaning the heater plates 1 or the storage plates. The hybrid operation may be with any other suitable source.

Other embodiments are geothermal motors for utilizing temperature levels of the primary heat source from 50 ° C to 300 ° C. A specific advantage is the relative efficiency and ease of cleaning the heater plates 1 from the increments. It is especially useful in lowering the temperature and treating hot water in thermal pools.

Other designs are cooling devices. In an inverted thermal magnetic cycle, they generate heat and cold by being in a period when cascades of ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B are between the magnets

8A and 8B and thus megnetocalorically heated, cooling occurs by moving the foil heat distributor strips 4 from the cooler plates 2 to the heater 1, where the recovered heat is transferred. This is followed by a period when the ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B are out of the action of magnets 8A and 8B and are thereby supercooled over the cascade temperature range. The film heat distributor 4 is regeneratively cooled by its movement into the cooler 2, thereby cooling the cooler 2. In this embodiment, it is expedient to concentrate the magnetic flux e.g. in that the magnets 8A and 8B will be tapered poles (poles) and the permanent magnet will be in the horseshoe of the magnetic circuit that encloses the ferromagnetic tapes 3A to 3B. any number of them allows to cool to cryogenic temperatures in one cycle and thereby efficiently liquefy technical gases, natural gas, hydrogen, air as an energy-storage medium for storage power plants and turbocharged engines or pneumatic engines of vehicles

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Thermal magnetic cycle apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical and / or electrical work or vice versa (in the case of a left-handed operation) using ferromagnetic materials and heating them around a curie temperature to change the magnetic attraction forces of magnetically soft materials to permanent magnets or Direct induction of voltage in an induction coil in a permanent magnet magnetic circuit is characterized in that the thermal magnetic cycle comprises a foil heat distributor (4) whose tapes are in direct contact with the ferromagnetic strips (3A) to (3B) cascaded by at least two temperature from the highest at the heater (1) to the lowest at the cooler (2) and whose strips are clamped in the holder (9) for transmitting linear cycles from the cycler (7), the thyromagnetic strips (3A) to (3 B) being (6A) to (6B) clamped in the stator. 2. The thermal magnetic cycle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the arm (10B) is rotatable. Thermal magnetic cycle apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the foils of the foil heat distributor (4) are strips of metallic non-magnetic material with a thermal conductivity of less than 25W / m ² .K and are coated with a high conductive layer, e.g. , Ag), like ferromagnetic tapes (3A) to (3B). The thermal magnetic cycle apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic tapes (3A) to (3B) and each one therebetween are transverse grooved at the edges and form an active cascade thermal regenerator. The thermal magnetic cycle apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual blocks of ferromagnetic tapes (3A) to (3B) together with the foils of the foil heat distributor (4) are transversely backed by a flexible spacer ring (5) and foils of the foil heat distributor (4) are longitudinally prestressed by the tensioner (13). 6. The magnetic magnetic cycle apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that only the magnets (8A) are permanent on one stationary arm (1OB) in the version of the direct power generator, the counter arm (1OB) is part of a magnetic circuit with a magnetically soft coil core. (12) and the sliding arm (10A) is coupled to a source of oscillation or crank. 7. The apparatus for thermal magnetic cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in a reverse cycle a cascade of ferromagnetic tapes (3A) to (3B) whose curie temperature is graduated from ambient or heating temperature, eg by a heat pump up to minus temperatures. and the alloy used for ferromagnetic tapes of e.g. FeMnP _x Gei type. _x is well temperature gradable by varying the content ratio of the elements P and Ge and the number of graduated ferromagnetic tapes (3A) to (3B) can cover deep cooling for several tens of different graduated materials.