SK500992015U1 - Small hydroelectric power plant with horizontal axis of rotation of work wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The working wheel (2) is housed in a cage (1) with a self-supporting frame, the cage (1) has two side walls and a lower frame structure for laying on the bottom of the watercourse. The cage (1) has at least one fastening element (4) for anchoring the cage (1) to the substrate by means of ground screws (5). The cage (1) may have an outer shape and dimensions of a standardized cargo container, preferably in a dimensional range from 1DX to 1AAA. The working wheel (2) is floating, its weight is less than half its displacement, making the working wheel (2) follow the current water level. The working wheel (2) is rotatably mounted on a shaft extending continuously through its interior where an electric generator is suspended. This is connected to the rotation of the working wheel (2). The working wheel (2) is located on two swinging arms (3), the arms (3) are guided from the inside along the side walls of the cage (1) or the working wheel (2) is stably mounted and the upper inlet channel is directed therefrom.

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a hydroelectric power plant which can be quickly installed in a watercourse without the need for a dam. The hydropower work wheel has a substantially horizontal axis of rotation and is mounted in a structure that is easily portable. The small hydropower plant is designed for flexible deployment in various watercourses, even in the case of temporary deployment, humanitarian deployment and the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Francis, Pelton or Kaplan turbines are used to utilize the energy of larger watercourses. There are also various types of work wheels, turbines of small hydro power plants, which are designed for small or variable flows with a small gradient. Often, in the case of small hydropower plants, a Banki turbine is used, having a simple design that balances the lower efficiency.

Most hydropower plants require watercourse adjustments, dam construction and extensive landscaping, accompanied by complicated assessments, approvals and high investment costs. This problem is partially solved by the technical solution according to publication SK UV 50026-2009, which describes a floating working wheel mounted on guide arms. Such an arrangement simplifies the installation in the watercourse, the hollow working wheel adjusts to the current watercourse by swimming.

There are also known solutions as in DE202007013855U1, where a work wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation is supported on two floating pontoons, but this requires a sufficiently wide water flow with a guaranteed minimum water level to allow the pontoons to float the work wheel without the risk of damaging it. If the foundation carrying the work wheel is floating, there is always a risk of flushing the entire device in case of large water.

The solution according to DE4313509 requires the creation of a solid building foundation on which a work wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation is mounted overhung.

and

There is also a solution according to US4104536A1 with a working wheel that is lashed to the shore by ropes and has a fixed axis height adjusted by the feet. However, this would necessitate constantly changing the optimal dive height manually. If the work wheels are floating, they can be placed in the water flow by means of ropes as in the case of US4872805, FR2521223, but this requires a stable high water level and a sufficiently wide water flow, otherwise the work wheel would be damaged.

It is desirable and not known to provide a flexible use of water flow energy with variable or even unknown flow rates over a wide power spectrum without damming. At the same time, the solution should be ecological, not endanger or reduce aquatic fauna.

The essence of the technical solution

The above mentioned drawbacks are substantially eliminated by a small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of the working wheel, which is rotatably mounted on a shaft passing through the inside of the working wheel, on the shaft there is an electric generator suspended in the working wheel. The solution is characterized in that the work wheel is supported in a cage with a self-supporting frame, the cage having two side walls and a bottom frame structure intended to be laid on the bottom of the watercourse. The cage has at least one fastener for anchoring the cage to the substrate.

The adjective 'small' in the phrase 'hydroelectric power station' does not limit the solution to a specific energy output. This adjective is used with regard to the established phrase used in this field.

The term work wheel in this specification refers to a rotating element that transmits the energy of water to the rotational movement transmitted to the electric power generator, also referred to as a turbine, a water wheel, a water mill and the like.

The fact that the axis of rotation in this document is indicated as horizontal means that the work wheel has an axis at least approximately horizontal may differ from the ideal horizontal position due to the inaccuracy of the cage fitting at the bottom of the watercourse.

The essence of the present invention lies in particular in the use of a cage in which the work wheel is guided. Preferably, the cage is formed by partitions located at the edges of the cube or cuboid. This results in a compact outer shape of the device. The side walls and bottom of the cage may or may not have a solid panel. The front cages will usually be free of padding, bounded only by the rungs at the edges of the forehead, or by ventilating rods. Through the forehead, water can flow or drain without major restrictions. The side walls with filler can be used to direct the flow of water through the work cage. If the side walls are not filled, they will usually have diagonal braces. The subframe may have rails that allow the cage to be pulled or pushed to the desired position during installation and uninstallation.

In order to achieve excellent transport properties of the device, the cage will preferably have external dimensions and a shape corresponding to an ISO transport cargo container in a dimensional range from 1DX to 1AAA. In this case, the cage also has connecting elements according to the relevant ISO standard, so that the entire device can be easily transported by container carriers by road, rail or even by plane. The container outer shape of the cage also allows for easy stacking and storage of small hydro power plants, for example in a standby warehouse.

Standardized fasteners intended to be coupled to the container carrier during transport may also be used as an anchoring element for anchoring the cage to the watercourse, but it will be preferable that the cage has separate fasteners that can be used from the top of the cage. These fastening elements may be formed by vertically guided tubes at the corners of the cage. Ground pipes are inserted from above into the pipes and drilled into the substrate. The fastener tubes may extend up to the upper edge of the cage. As a result, studs with a sufficiently long shaft can be drilled into the substrate from above, from a dry environment.

The cage will preferably have a width of less than 3.0 m, particularly preferably less than 2.5 m, allowing easy road transport. In order to reduce production costs, it is advisable for the cage to be formed by welded beams of the cargo container without insertions, i.e. without a bottom, a roof, without side walls and without fronts. Like the cargo container, the steel cage construction has corrosion protection. The synergistic effect of the present invention is that large-scale production of freight containers has reduced their production costs and, at the same time, given the anticipated shipping at sea, the freight containers have good corrosion protection, which is also necessary when placing the cage in the watercourse. It is also possible to use a discarded cargo container to create a cage which, after the expiry of the certification, is not usable for the carriage of goods but still has sufficient mechanical properties.

The advantage of the present invention is that it is easy to install and uninstall. The small hydroelectric power plant is brought as a container to the watercourse, where it is placed from the container carrier directly into place or first folded to the edge of the watercourse, from where it is laid by crane into the watercourse. It is sufficient that there is a short section with a reasonably flat bottom in the watercourse, or the bottom may be machine or hand-treated. Depending on the size and power required, the cage can be folded directly from the truck with a mechanical hand. After placing the cage in place, the cage is fastened to the substrate via the fastener. The ground screws may have a long shaft, allowing them to be drilled from above, from the level of the top edge of the cage. Depending on the flow rate, the cage may also be lashed to the shore by means of belay anchoring ropes. It will be advantageous if such anchoring ropes pass over the upper corners of the cage. Ground screws with tall shafts may be provided at the upper end with eyes or openings through which the anchoring rope or several anchoring ropes shall be inserted. On the shore, the mooring ropes can be attached to earth bolts or tree trunks depending on the local situation. Weights or ballast containers that are filled with water or sand on the shore may also be used to attach the mooring rope. In normal water conditions the position of the metal cage is stable even without further protection, the protection is necessary especially in case of sudden floods and the like. In the event of a foreseeable increase in water level, according to the instructions of the water manager, a small hydroelectric power plant according to this technical solution can be uninstalled in time, in particular shifted to the bank of the watercourse.

Depending on its size, width, yield and cant, one or more small hydroelectric power stations according to this invention can be stored in the watercourse. The cages may be placed side by side across the watercourse or cascaded one behind the other in the direction of the watercourse. If necessary, for example at the time of organizing a boating competition, a small hydroelectric power plant can be moved ashore. It is this flexibility that increases the usability of small water resources, as the various potential conflicts in the use of a watercourse can be solved by short-term removal of the cage from the watercourse profile. This substantially reduces the concerns of the persons concerned when deciding to authorize the operation of a small hydropower plant.

Easy handling and installation makes it possible to create a temporary hydroelectric power plant without affecting the landscape. Later, the hydroelectric power plant can be easily removed from the watercourse and moved elsewhere, or can be stacked, even stacked like cargo containers.

One basic design of a small hydropower plant is characterized in that the working wheel is located on two swinging arms. The arms are guided from the inside along the side walls of the cage. The working wheel is hollow and includes an engine room inside. The working wheel is floating, that is, its displacement volume and weight, together with the engine room and half-arm weight, are adjusted so that the water floats the working wheel. The working wheel, guided by the shoulders and carried by the water, follows the actual height of the water level at the given location. In this case, it is always immersed in the water essentially in the same way according to the initial displacement setting and the total weight. This solution is particularly useful for watercourses with sufficient height at a given location of the watercourse profile, the elevation and gradient in this embodiment is not important and can be very small.

The length of the arms and their possible angular deflection define a range of acceptable water level heights. The booms may have a lower stop to prevent the working wheel from coming into contact with the bottom of the watercourse at a low water level. This stop also serves for transport, when it is advisable to lock the position of the working wheel.

The performance of the equipment can be increased if the water flow is controlled. It has proved to be very effective to place a lower water baffle under the work wheel, which as a platform passes from the front of the cage to the work wheel, the lower water baffle being pivoted in the front part of the cage and connected to the arms at the work wheel. on which the work wheel is mounted. When the working wheel height position is changed, the position of the lower baffle also changes; there is an equal, stable gap between the lower baffle and the lower part of the working wheel. A tie rod on either side of the cage may be used to couple between the shoulders and the lower baffle platform.

In the second embodiment, the work wheel may be mounted such that its shaft is fixed firmly in the side walls of the cage, the position of the work wheel during its rotation in such a case is stable to the cage and to the environment, and water to the work wheel will be supplied from above. In this arrangement, a small hydroelectric power plant operates as an equal pressure turbine similar to a Banki turbine. In contrast to the Banki turbine, in the present technical solution, a machine room, i.e. a power generator with a transmission similar to that of the first embodiment, is located in the hollow interior of the working wheel. This leads to a space-saving design that does not require a dry machine room in a separate space. In the case of conventional Bánki turbines, such engine rooms usually have the form of a building that is safely built above the watercourse, which is an investment and time consuming solution.

The blades of the work wheel catch the flowing water, the water drops down, rotates the work wheel and then flows out through the bottom of the cage, especially through the empty rear face of the cage. Water flow baffles, in particular an upper inlet trough and a circumferential baffle, may be provided in the cage. The small hydroelectric power plant with an upper inlet is suitable especially for small watercourses in mountain environment with sufficient cant on the flow, where it is sufficient to excavate the ground with earthmoving machines and thus create a step into which the cage is inserted. Water flow is directed to the upper headwater bed and the small hydroelectric power plant is capable of commissioning. If necessary, an appropriately long conduit or pipeline shall be used to guide the water into the upper inlet trough. The height of the support wheel with blades within the cage may be adjustable. The working wheel shaft is then slidably mounted in a vertical guide in the side walls of the cage. By adjusting the height, the device adapts to the given water flow conditions, in particular to the achieved inlet elevation.

In the second embodiment, where the work wheel is at a fixed height without the need to copy the current watercourse level, the work wheel need not be constructed as floating, although, for reasons of unification, the working wheel may be the same as in the first type. However, even when the working wheel is fixedly fitted with the upper water inlet, it is advisable for the working wheel to be designed as a hollow, sealed body which protects the power generator and all the associated devices within it.

The technical solution may have an arrangement combining the features of both previous embodiments. The working wheel can be floating, supported on the arms, whose position can be locked to a stable height. Then, the headbox is connected to the cage and the plant can operate as in the second type with water flowing from above. When the arms are released, the work wheel can operate as floating on the surface. This gives one design a high deployment variability.

A small hydropower plant may also include an information module to which at least one sensor, such as a water level sensor, or a GPS position sensor, is connected. Obtained data can be sent by the Infotainment system to the central office in the configured configuration. This may indicate that the water level is rising rapidly, or that the cage is moving, which may mean loosening or attempting to steal.

A small hydroelectric power plant may have a color design in which natural shades of green, brown color predominate, so as not to interfere with the watercourse. The exception should be to clearly mark the front face of the cage in order to avoid collision of navigable boats with the cage structure.

The technical solution provides a very compact design of the hydroelectric power plant, which can be quickly deployed similarly to a motor electric generator, it is sufficient to transport the small construction of the work cage to a nearby watercourse. Just as quickly this small hydroelectric power plant can be uninstalled, leaving no concrete works and landscaping changes. The location of a small hydroelectric power station does not require the creation of a dam or changes the landscape character.

A small hydroelectric power plant can also be used for the temporary supply of electricity, for example by setting up a camp in the vicinity of a watercourse, during various humanitarian actions, for military purposes and the like. A small hydroelectric power plant is an environmentally friendly alternative to an internal combustion engine. Unlike a solar or wind power plant, which can also be portable, it delivers more stable power without any fluctuations in the power supply. At the same time, a small hydroelectric power plant according to this invention can also be used for long-term operation, by gradually installing several cages side by side or cascading in succession, increasing the available electrical output. A small hydroelectric power plant is also environmentally friendly due to the fact that there is no damming of the watercourse with an adverse impact on fish life. Since, in contrast to high-performance turbines with a vertical axis of rotation, there is no increase in the water flow rate, there is no danger to migrating aquatic animals. The peripheral rolling speed of the working wheel does not exceed the speed of movement of the water in a given watercourse.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution is explained in more detail with the help of Figures 1 to 9. The scale used and the size ratio of the individual elements, the aspect ratio of the cage as well as the shapes of the individual elements are illustrative or modified for clarity and cannot be explained as restrictive scope. The power generator, the engine room as well as any other elements inside the working wheel are not shown for clarity, they can be positioned similarly as known in the art.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a small hydroelectric power plant with a partially submerged cage at low water level. The same construction is shown in Figure 2 at an elevated water level.

Figure 3 is a front view of the device in the direction of the water flow.

Figure 3 shows a top view of a cage with a working wheel, where the cage is fastened by four studs and is also fastened by a belay rope.

Figure 5 is a side view of an embodiment of a small hydroelectric power plant with a trough forming a bottom water rectifier. Figure 6 shows this embodiment in the direction of the water flow.

Figure 7 is a side view of a small hydroelectric power plant with an upper water inlet.

Figure 8 shows a front view and Figure 9 a top view of a small hydroelectric power plant with an upper water inlet.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

In this example of Figures 1 to 4, the cage 6 is formed by welding the steel profiles into a cuboid with a width of 8'00 = 2438 mm and a length of 6 m. Steel profiles pass in the edges of the cube, in corners are welded connecting cubes with holes according to ISO standard for cargo containers. The cage 6 in this example with the outer shape corresponds to the ISO container 1C. The entire cage £ is hot-dip galvanized. Inside the cage 6 at the side walls is a pair of arms 3 with a common axis of rotation. A hollow shaft is guided transversely at the ends of the arms 3, on which the working wheel 2 is rotatably mounted. In order to prevent the arms 3 from crossing for example when driftwood enters the working wheel 2, the arms 3 are coupled to each other by being connected by a common shaft in the pivot deposit.

The working wheel 2 is hollow, closed by two circular faces. The dispensing volume of the working wheel 2 is adjusted to its total weight so that the working wheel 2 is immersed in the water to a specified extent. In the working wheel 2 there is a machine room with an electric generator, which is driven by a gear mechanism from the rotation of the working wheel 2. The torque and force response of the generator is captured by its suspension on the shaft which crosses the axis of the working wheel 2 and which is attached to the arms. 3 allows the height of the working wheel 2 to be varied. The arms 3 have a lower position stop so that the working wheel 2 is not damaged by contact with the floor of the vehicle during transport and does not touch the bottom of the watercourse during operation when the water level is low.

A small hydroelectric power plant is brought to the watercourse by a conventional container carrier. It is placed on the selected place in the water flow by crane, while maintaining the marked orientation of the cage i according to the arrow with the direction of water flow. After the cage 1 has been laid, ground screws 5 with a high stem are inserted from above into the pipes at its corners and screwed into the ground at the bottom of the watercourse. The pipes welded in the corners of the cage 1 form the fastening elements 4. Anchoring rope 6 is threaded through the holes in the upper part of the shaft of the two ground screws 5. Its ends are fastened to the shore.

Subsequently, the small hydroelectric power plant is connected to the shore power line. The conduit from the power generator passes to the hollow shaft, from there via arm 3 to the waterproof installation box. After the arms 3 and the working wheel 2 have been released, the small hydroelectric power plant generates electricity and supplies it to the connected grid, respectively. connected appliances.

Example 2

In this example, a small hydroelectric power plant according to the preceding example is supplemented with a lower water rectifier 8 according to Figures 5 and 6. This is of a flat shape, forming a float platform which is pivotably mounted in the front lower part of the cage. The lower water baffle 8 follows the descent or rise of the height of the working wheel 2 according to the current water level in the watercourse. In the case of the lowest water level, the plate of the lower water baffle 8 is laid on the bottom, that is to say at the level of the lower edge of the cage I and does not interfere with its water profile in the water flow.

The cage 1 has sides at the bottom of the skid with upwardly bent ends. These skids allow the cage to be dragged into the water flow. Thus, the available equipment of the lorry, which has brought the cage I as a container to its destination, is sufficient to accommodate the cage.

The device includes a tilt angle sensor 3 and a GPS position sensor cage 1. In case of a change in the tilt angle 3 greater than 10 ° and in the case of a change in the position of the entire cage i, the relevant information is sent via GSM communication module to the device manager. He shall take appropriate action.

Example 3

According to Figures 7 to 9, the small hydroelectric power plant has a cage 1 with a fixed position of the working wheel 2. The shaft of the working wheel 2 is on the sides of the cage 1, terminated by sliding heads which are slidably guided in vertical moldings.

The cage 1 is brought as a container to, for example, a mountain area where a small hydroelectric power plant is to be installed. Temporary wheels are mounted on the sides of the cage I at the sides. The tractor is pushed into the designated watercourse position, where the temporary wheels are removed and the cage 1 is anchored to the ground. Previously, a step in the watercourse was dug to increase the available elevation.

The front cage has j. a fixed headbox 7 which, when unfolded into the operating position, protrudes from the front edge of the cage j. The unfolded headbox 7 is pushed forward into the watercourse. In the front part of the cage 7 a cylindrical rectifier is placed around the circumference of the working wheel 2, which prevents unnecessary water leakage from the blades in the upper positions.

Upon supplying water to the headbox 7, a small hydroelectric power plant is ready to generate electricity.

Industrial usability

Industrial applicability is obvious. According to this technical solution, it is possible to industrially and repeatedly produce, install and use a small hydroelectric power plant with a space cage, which forms the basis for guiding the work wheel. A small hydropower plant can be used as a temporary or permanent source of electricity.

Claims (15)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel rotatably mounted on a shaft extending continuously inside the working wheel (2), a power generator suspended in the shaft within the working wheel (2) is rotatably connected to the working wheel ( 2), characterized in that the working wheel (2) is mounted in a cage (1) with a self-supporting frame, the cage (1) having at least two side walls and a bottom frame structure to be laid on the bottom of the watercourse, (1) has at least one fastening element (4) for anchoring the cage (1) to the substrate. 2. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the cage (1) has crossbars located in the edges of the cube or block. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cage (1) has walls without fillings coated with diagonally guided stiffeners. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of the working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side wall of the cage (1) and / or the bottom of the cage (1) has an integral filling. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower frame structure of the cage (1) has sliding rails located at the edges, preferably the ski ends are bent up. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cage (1) has the external shape and dimensions of a standard cargo container, preferably in a dimensional range of 1DX to 1 AAA. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to claim 6, characterized in that the cage (1) has connecting elements for connection to the carrier of the freight container during its transport. 4Z-13 fj A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fastening element (4) is formed by a vertical pipe at the corner of the cage (1), where the pipe is intended to receive a ground screw (5). ). A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has at least one anchor rope (6) for securing the cage (1) against the shore, preferably the anchor rope (6) holes in the upper corners of the cage (1) and / or through holes in the shafts of earth screws (5). A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the working wheel (2) is floating, its mass being less than half its displacement. A small hydropower plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the working wheel (2) is arranged on two swinging arms (3), the arms (3) being guided from the inside along the side walls of the cage (1). A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has a lower water baffle (8) which as a platform passes from the front of the cage (1) to the working The lower water baffle (8) is pivoted in the front part of the cage (1) and is connected to the arms (3) on which the working wheel (2) is mounted. A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has an upper inlet trough (7) for supplying water falling from above onto the blades of the working wheel (2). A small hydroelectric power plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of the working wheel according to claim 13, characterized in that a cylindrical circumferential water rectifier is arranged around the periphery of the working wheel (2) in the front part of the cage (1). w nwi4t Λ A small hydropower plant with a horizontal axis of rotation of a working wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it has an information module which is connected to at least one sensor, preferably a water level sensor or a GPS cage position sensor (1). ).