SK500482013A3 - Emitter of non-stationary magnetic field, its connection and modulating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The emitter is designed to create a contactless communication channel (especially RFID / NFC) in a miniature building space. The emitter has an elongated, at least partially ferrite core (1), a conductor (4) with at least two threads (2) is wound on the core (1), the threads (2) are tightly adjacent to each other on the core (1) and an effective width w of one of the thread (2) corresponds to the core radius (1) at the circular core cross-section (1) or to the equivalent radius of the other core shapes (1) to within ± 75%. The winding conductor (4) is flat or the winding comprises a plurality of parallel conductors (41 to 4N) forming one multi-stage thread (2). The emitter may be located in a removable memory card (5) and / or on a PCB board (10), and / or on a SIM card (9), and / or in a battery (11). The modulation of the data emitted by the emitter uses an electromagnetic wave generator with a frequency different from the receiver, the difference of these frequencies corresponding to the subcarrier frequency.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a non-stationary magnetic field emitter which forms a miniature antenna replacement on a flat carrier with a low available installation height, in particular on the surface of a removable memory card such as a microSD card or a SIM card. The antenna is particularly useful for additionally establishing a contactless NFC / RFID communication channel in a mobile phone or even on a PCB board of various electronic devices. The solution is designed primarily for payment applications made using a mobile communication device. In principle, however, the new type of radiator, its location and modulation method according to the invention can also be used in other applications and devices, especially where there is insufficient space to enlarge the antenna, and where the antenna is shielded by surrounding elements with different structures and properties according to the specific environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The location of the antenna directly on the removable card, which is intended to be inserted into the slot of the mobile communication device, is known from the published patents, e.g. DE 10252348 A1, WO 03/043101 A3. These disclosures describe the general possibility of using the antenna on the card, but do not contain sufficient antenna specification in situations where the removable card is shielded by adjacent parts of the mobile communication device, in particular the mobile phone.

In particular, the described NFC antennas are in the form of wire loops on the surface, with all available surfaces being used for small dimensions. When the NFC antenna is placed on relatively small areas, the antenna is in the form of an inscribed spiral rectangular package with rounded corners that substantially copies the outer shape of the available area. With this arrangement, a quite typical shape of NFC antennas has been created.

Antennas for NFC and RFID transmissions are therefore essentially flat, with a loop winding at the edges of the usable area such as according to DE102008005795, CN102074788, US2009314842, CN101577740, CN201590480, CN201215827, CN201515004, CN201830251, JP20100025331, JP20100025331,

KR100693204, WO2010143849, JP2004005494, JP2006304184, JP2005033461, JP2010051012. When implementing such an antenna on a removable memory card, the flat character of the card is naturally utilized, and such an antenna is unwound by looping on an accessible portion of the largest area, such as e.g. WO2012019694, DE102010052127, DE102004029984, CN101964073. However, solutions with frame antennas on available surfaces do not produce the desired result and various applicants therefore complement the antenna with other elements such as ribs, layers and the like. These solutions increase the complexity of the design and yet do not create a reliable communication channel. Solutions of miniature antennas are known, for example according to US 2007/0194913 A1, which solve the problem of shrinking the antenna and its attachment to the substrate, but such applications do not solve the problem of different antenna shielding. Transferring knowledge of existing NFC antennas to an area with low available space does not produce the desired results, since when miniaturized below a certain level, the properties of the resulting antenna do not change linearly.

The published patent applications of Logomotion describe the arrangement of the antenna and the individual layers of the removable memory card in order to adjust the radiation and reception characteristics of the antenna so that a reliable communication channel can be established even with different shaded card slots. The technical task defined in this way led to the development of several technical solutions, which, however, led to satisfactory results only in some mobile phones, and consequently the developmental current dropped towards the creation of larger, additional antennas on the mobile phone body outside the shaded areas. These additional antennas (CN201590480 U), for example in the form of stickers, can be contactless with the base antenna on the card, but the versatility of such an arrangement remains low and the complexity of the application in the hands of the ordinary user remains unpleasant.

The antenna placed directly on the removable card has very limited dimensional possibilities. Mobile phones have microSD card slots, which significantly limits the size of the antenna that can be placed directly on the card. Placing a removable card in highly shaded slots, such as under a mobile phone battery, significantly worsens the broadcasting conditions from the antenna on the card. The use of baffle layers, foils has only a narrowly specific effect and is little universal when used in various mobile phone designs.

Basic theoretical and scholarly publications are of the opinion that at low thickness and available area, the RFID or NFC antenna should be constructed as a flat antenna, for example according to RFID HANDBOOK, Klaus Finkenzeller, 2010 according to Figures 2.11, 2.15, 12.7, 12.9, 12.11, 12.13. According to the same source (Section 4.1.1.2 Optimal Antenna Diameter / Physical Principles of RFID Systems), it is most optimal if the radius of the transmitting antenna corresponds to the square root of the desired antenna range.

The ISO 14443 contactless communication standard characterizes the conditions of modulation A or B with a 13.56 MHz carrier signal. The transmitted data in the transmitter is modulated into a subcarrier frequency that is coupled to the base, carrier signal. The result is a frequency superposition with transmitted data, which is detected in the receiver by separating the carrier signal from the received spectrum.

Since metal parts and covers are more often used in mobile phones, there is a problem with the design and location of the NFC antenna even in a situation where the NFC element is already foreseen when designing a mobile phone or similar communication element. A solution is desired which will ensure a high throughput of the transmitted signal from the PCB board of the mobile phone, from the SIM card or from a removable memory card element that can be shielded by surrounding metal elements of the mobile phone, for example a battery or metal cover.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks are substantially eliminated by a non-stationary magnetic field emitter used in the function of an antenna, in particular an antenna on a flat substrate within an electronic device, such as a mobile phone, wherein the emitter has the elongated, at least partially ferrite core. the core is a wound conductor with at least two windings, the threads are placed side by side on the core and the effective width w of one thread corresponds to the radius of the core at a circular core cross-section with a deviation of + - 75%. For other core cross-sections, the effective width w of one thread corresponds to an equivalent radius also with a deviation of + - 75%.

A ratio of 0.25 to 1.75, preferably 0.5 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.85 to 1.15, between the effective width of one thread and the radius of the core respectively. the equivalent radius of the core is not merely an expression of dimensional dimensioning. As it appeared during the invention of the radiator, it is precisely the observance of the above-mentioned dimensional relationship that, in connection with the tight winding of the conductor, results in a synergistic interaction of several physical laws. Within this range and in the vicinity of said interval, a directional interaction of the magnetic field is generated from the individual conductor parts and from the individual windings without creating undesired swirling fields, wherein the magnetic field in the core is amplified and cannot flow along the winding outside the end faces of the core. The ratio between the effective width of a single thread and the radius of the core has not been a previously observed parameter for radiators or antennas. In the case of the prior art core antennas, the effective width w of one thread is less than 0.001 to 0.1 times the radius of the core. Preferred for the emitter of the present invention will be a ratio close to 1, i.e. w = D / 2, where D is the core diameter and the core diameter, respectively. equivalent core diameter.

The radiator is used as a replacement for a conventional electromagnetic antenna, but on the other hand the non-contact NFC or RFID link is a signal received and transmitted by a standard NFC or RFID receiving means. The source of the emitter is to create an intense and homogeneous magnetic field. If the emitter is used on a microSD card or subscriber identity module (SIM), the core cross-sectional dimension (eg core height dimension) will be less than 1 mm. When using a microSD card emitter, the core length is more than 7 times the smaller core cross-sectional dimension. The core length will not normally exceed 15 mm. When using a radiator on a nanoSIM card, the thickness of the radiator will be less than 0.65 mm and its length will not exceed 12 mm. The radiator will primarily be used to create an additional contactless communication channel. The radiator of the present invention will also generate an electric field, but this will not be a signal carrier on the receiving device side, but will only be an insignificant component of the field that will not substantially penetrate the shielding of the guest device. Miniaturization of an antenna with a core thickness of less than 1 mm creates technical problems that cannot be solved only by proportional sizing of commonly known larger antenna designs.

First of all, the use of threads having an axis parallel to the carrier surface of the present invention results in a substantial decrease in the diameter of the thread, contrary to the general RFID HANDBOOK requirement for increasing the antenna range, Klaus Finkenzeller, 2010.

The core is elongated in the longitudinal direction so that the ends of the core are as far apart as possible within the available space on the surface. The core may be curved, but the best results are obtained with a straight rod core, where the magnetic field lines close off the radiator as long as possible and thus tend to flow out of the shielded space. The core ferrite should have a relative permeability set such that the emitter inductance is at a level of 600nH to 1200nH, preferably near 750nH. Taking into account this criterion, the ferrite core may have a permeability in the range of 30 to 300. The permeability of the core will be adjusted according to the technological possibilities of the maximum permissible magnetic saturation and the dimensional possibilities of the core cross-section. The term ferrite is to be understood as any material which enhances the characteristics and properties of the magnetic field.

It is essential that the coils are wound closely next to each other in order to prevent the magnetic field from emitting from the core outside the core ends. The thread conductors themselves form the core shield. The conductors of adjacent threads prevent the formation of a swirling magnetic field of the conductor between adjacent conductors. There is essentially only a gap in the form of conductor insulation thickness between adjacent threads. The metallic conductor threading assembly thereby provides a core shielding that directs the magnetic field flow.

In order to achieve a condition where the magnetic field flows from the emitter even through slight gaps between the shielding elements in the host device, it is necessary that the magnetic field in the core be as homogeneous as possible while at the same time having the greatest intensity with a small core cross section. The requirement of homogeneity is related to the finding that with small dimensions of the emitter, the unequal magnetic field intensity within the core manifests itself in large losses. High magnetic field strength is required in order to achieve high environmental penetration of the magnetic field.

Both requirements are best met by an arrangement in which the effective width w of one thread corresponds to the radius of the core at the circular cross-section of the core. The effective width w of one thread is the dimension by which the thread guide projects to the length of the core. The conductor may have different cross-sections, therefore the effective width w of one thread may be different from the actual conductor width. In the most common case where the thread conductor has a circular or simple flat and non-interlaced shape, the effective thread width w will be substantially equal to the conductor width. If a flat conductor is used such that a portion of the conductor of one thread is covered by the edge of the adjacent conductor, the effective width of the conductor w will be the width of the edgeless conductor already overlapping the adjacent conductor. In essence, it will be that part of the width of the conductor that will be in contact with the core when the conductor is flat. With a dense, tight winding, the effective width w of the wires of one thread will coincide with the thread pitch.

The requirement that the effective width w corresponds to the radius of the core or to the radius of the core. equivalent to the radius of the core, it should be understood that the effective width w should be substantially equal to the radius of the core. With small overall dimensions of the core cross-section, a small technological deviation also causes a deviation from the rule, but still achieves a benefit, or at least a sufficiently usable effect from said principle. Consequently, a condition where the effective thread width w is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 times the radius of the core, resp. equivalent core radius. In the range of 0.6 to 1.4, the maximum magnetic power drop is less than 10%. Even with a relatively large range of ratios (0.25 to 1.75), a sufficiently convincing and advantageous result is achieved, as the prior art involves the order of magnitude of the effective width and core radius ratios (less than 0.001 to 0.1).

By observing the dimensional relationship we create a radiator with the effect of a magnetic gun, where the magnetic field is emitted very intensively from a small cross-sectional area of a miniature core.

The equivalent radius of a non-circular cross-section expresses the radius that a circle would have if it had the same area as the cross-section with the shape of the given non-circular cross-section. Thus, the equivalent radius of the non-circular cross-section is the area equivalent radius. For example, with an exactly square cross-section of the core with the "a" side, the equivalent radius r _e = ahhr is equivalent. For a rectangular cross-section with dimensions "a", "b" without rounding of edges, the equivalent radius r _e = ý (ab / n) is equivalent. The core may have a cross-section of square, rectangular, circular, elliptical cross-section, or it may have a cross-section formed by a combination of said shapes. Most often, the core shape will be designed to utilize the space, usually the core will have a cross-section with a circular shape, or have an elliptical shape, or have a cross-section at least partially rectangular, in particular a square or rectangular shape, preferably with rounded corners.

For the sake of simplicity, the emitter will be designed to be wound with a wire w w along the entire length of the core I and then has N = I / w turns. The source U has an internal impedance of Z. The radiator Ls has a series loss resistor Rs and is connected to the source U via the adjusting member C1 / C2 according to Figure 1 so as to be perfectly matched at the operating frequency f. Figure 1 shows the transformation of the serial circuit Ls + Rs into parallel Lp // Rp, where Rp = (1 + Q ² ) Rs and Δρ = Ls.

If we assume that the quality of the resonant circuit Q »1, then we can simplify the relations to the form L = Ls and Rp = Q ² Rs.

The power to cover the losses is then

The inductance Ls can be adjusted if Rs is less than the real part Re (Z). Under this assumption, the current II flowing through the inductance Ls h - is then

The magnetic field in the center of the emitter is then where N is the number of turns. The relation is further adjusted to the form where Ri _N is the normalized winding loss per coil and has the character, 5 Rj = ae ~ ^ÍM '+ r

Figure 2 then shows the dependence of Rs on the width of the winding w divided by the core diameter. Figure 2 shows the point C corresponding to the ratio w / D = 0.5. The maximum winding width is wmax = 2KD. With a wider width, the wires would already overlap each other. The rest of the graph covers the area from N = 2.5 turns to N = 55 turns.

The graph according to Figure 3 shows the magnetic field intensity in the center of the emitter. The maximum value (point A in the graph) of the magnetic field is if w = 0.5.D, ie when the effective width w of the thread corresponds to the radius of the radiator core. To the left of point B (very thin wire width), the resistance Rs is greater than the internal impedance Re (Z), and the power supply is unable to provide the required power to the load, resulting in a significant drop in magnetic field strength. Point B is also interesting in that, at that time, the capacitance C2 = 0, the resulting resonant circuit is simplified to the series resonant circuit of Figure 4. However, this simplified circuit does not provide maximum magnetic power. The magnetic field to the right of point A decreases because the winding, whose width w increases, makes an increasingly larger angle with the axis of the radiator core.

Based on the Biot-Savart law, the vector Hx is calculated as the vector product of the current L and the vector r, which in our case forms the axis of the radiator core. Integrates along the whole curve x winding (helix with gradient w)

This results in the finding that, with a very wide winding, the angle begins and significantly affects the intensity of the magnetic field with the coefficient cos a. Conversely, to the left of point A, the effect of the angle is negligible, but losses Rs as shown in Figure 2 are beginning to show markedly. Starting at w = D / 2, losses Rs start to increase significantly (point C). From the graph we can read that the optimum inductance of the emitter is approximately at L = 750nH. Given the dimensions of the emitter, it is necessary to select the permeability μ so that at w = D / 2 the inductance is just L = 750nH.

The use of a single-stage winding of a classical circular cross-section leads to a problem with the radius of bending of the conductor since the effective conductor width w, now coincident with the diameter of the conductor, should essentially correspond to the radius of the core. The permitted minimum bending of the conductor is more than twice the bending radius. If we then have only one millimeter of installation space for the radiator, the maximum core height would be less than half a millimeter, causing technological problems and complications with winding a relatively coarse wire onto a fragile and small core. The winding problems are caused by the ratio of the effective width to the radius of the core of the present invention, since the conductor is to be relatively wide and thus coarse compared to the core dimension.

In order to make better use of the available height of the space while adhering to the basic rule of the present invention (i.e. the dimensional relationship between the effective thread width and the core radius), a solution has been devised using a flat conductor. Its width after winding to the core corresponds to the radius of the core. The flat conductor is more easily wound on the core, while taking up a lot of space in the vertical section. The space can then be better utilized for the radiator core. The flat conductor has a sufficiently low electrical resistance. The flat conductor will have a width exceeding twice the height of the conductor, respectively. driver thickness.

It has further been found that, in a preferred embodiment, the flat conductor can be replaced by an assembly of at least two coiled conductors which, however, still constitute only one thread. The conductors are electrically connected. For example, if you want to replace a flat conductor with an original width / height ratio of 1: 3, use three flat conductors of uniform circular cross-section to replace such flat conductor, winding side by side as if it were a three-stage thread. If we replace the flat conductor with the original cross-section of 1: 8, we use 8 side-by-side round conductors, as if it were an eight-degree thread in mechanical sense. The wires within a single-stage thread would not need to be insulated, since these wires will be electrically connected at the ends of the reels, but for the sake of technological simplicity, the same insulated wire can be used for all wires of that thread. In another arrangement, only the edge conductors of one thread may be electrically insulated, the internally located conductors need not be insulated.

The effort to achieve a homogeneous magnetic field with high intensity, which will emit from the distal ends of the core, is accompanied by a number of contradictory requirements. It is desirable to use as few turns as possible, but as the number of turns decreases, the core length is reduced, while the number of turns is also shielded, while the number of turns decreases the current load required to radiate the signal. Use a flat conductor, or use multi-stage parallel threaded conductors of one thread to suitably eliminate this conflicting requirement.

The miniature emitter may be located on a PCB board inside the mobile communication device, or it may be located within the removable memory card body, or it may be placed on a SIM card, or it may be placed on a battery, or a combination thereof.

When using a radiator according to the present invention directly on a PCB board of a mobile communication device (especially a mobile phone), the radiator provides the advantage in particular that the radiator used as an antenna has miniature dimensions and can be placed almost anywhere on the board. Until now, NFC antennas have been designed specifically for each new mobile phone model, as the antennas encircled a larger area on or around the PCB with their loops. Until now, one manufacturer of several mobile phone models had to use several types of NFC antennas. When using the emitter of the present invention, even when used directly on the PCB, it will be sufficient to use one miniature emitter.

In the case of a radiator on a removable memory card, such a card is intended to be inserted into the expansion slot of the mobile communication device. In such a case, the emitter on the removable memory card substrate is positioned such that the axis of the antenna core is oriented substantially parallel to the surface of the removable card body and the emitter is located at the edge of the removable memory card body outside the contact interface zones. It will be advantageous if the emitter is located along the edge opposite the edge with the contact interface zone of the removable memory card.

It is preferable that the core length, i.e. the core dimension in the direction of the winding axis, be as large as possible within the card's dimensional capabilities, thereby achieving the longest magnetic field lines of the magnetic field and only a minor part of the magnetic flux being closed short. When placed in the removable memory card body, the core will have a height of up to 1mm, a width of up to 5mm and a length of up to 15mm. In a preferred orientation outside the contact zone, the core will have a rectangular cross section up to a height of 0.7mm, a width of up to 1mm, and a length of up to 11mm.

If the radiator is used on the SIM card, there is more space for the radiator. The SIM card is larger in size than the microSD card and at the same time does not have such a high penetration of electronic elements outside the chip in the contact field. The emitter can be placed in different positions and rotations on the SIM card. When placing the lamp on a microSIM card or nanoSIM card, there are considerably more limited space options than a conventional SIM card. For such a location of the emitter, a solution has been invented in which the emitter on the removable card cooperates with a booster located in the slot or in the immediate vicinity of the slot into which the card is inserted. The amplifying element then has a larger space, respectively. larger area for installation than space, respectively. the emitter surface on the removable card itself. The amplifying element is to be understood as meaning also an element which does not increase the energy level of the electromagnetic field but, for example, only directs or homogenises the radiated flux from the radiator.

The amplifying element may be in the form of a ferromagnetic or ferrite foil or plate, resonant circuit or the like. In principle, it will be appreciated that the reinforcing element does not require new, additional contacts to connect the slot to the substrate, for example, for powering and the like. It is then possible to increase the functionality of the slot by redesigning the slot without changing the surrounding environment (PCB, holder, etc.).

Said arrangement with a radiator and amplifier element within a slot will be well applicable in manufacturing practice, in particular since the slots represent an externally supplied element, an externally manufactured subsystem which has dedicated space in the host device after design. In the unchanged space it is possible later to place a slot with an amplifying element. The principle of cooperation of the radiator on the removable card and the amplifier element located within the host device can also be used more generally, where the radiator is located in the removable element such as card, jack, battery, other accessories and the amplifier element is located in the slot, connector, within range of the emitter's electromagnetic field.

When using the radiator in the battery of the mobile phone, there are more possibilities of positioning and rotating the radiator core. In principle, several lamps can be placed in different locations with different orientation in one battery. The activation of a particular radiator can be selected according to the successive transmission results in that mobile phone.

The signal emitted from the magnetic field emitter of the present invention is received by standard reception means in a given frequency band. For example, if the radiator is intended for NFC transmission between a mobile phone and a POS terminal reader, the antenna on the mobile phone side will be in the form of a ferrite core magnetic field emitter, but a conventional receiving antenna will be located on the NFC reader side of the POS terminal. Conformity with existing, standard devices is important in order to avoid the need to change the hardware widely used on the POS terminals. The hardware change on the mobile phone side is done by inserting a removable card (especially microSD format) into an existing mobile phone expansion slot or inserting a new SIM card or inserting a new battery. The mobile communication device expansion slot is a card slot that does not affect the basic communication function of the device, in particular, but not exclusively a slot for a removable microSD memory card.

From a technological point of view, it will be advantageous if the core consists of a ferrite rod disposed on a non-conductive pad. The non-conductive pad will have a width of n

corresponding to the core width and a length at least equal to the core length. The thread conductors are wound through a ferrite rod and also through a non-conductive pad, whereby the wire winding mechanically holds the core with the non-conductive pad. The non-conductive pad may have connecting surfaces at both ends to connect the winding wires and to connect the antenna to the removable memory card body. On the connecting surfaces, the conductors of the multi-stage winding are interconnected and also these radiator contacts are connected to the conducting circuits of the guest device.

The magnetic field created in the radiator of the present invention has the ability to penetrate even small gaps in the spatial structure of the mobile communication device. Flat gaps, for example, between the card and the card slot, then between the battery body and the adjacent cell phone body are sufficient to penetrate the magnetic field out of the cell phone body. The magnetic field emitted from the emitter will be received on the other side of the communication channel by a conventional antenna, for example in the form of a POS terminal reader. In practice, the emitter will be placed mainly inside a mobile phone which has metal covers in a disadvantageous arrangement. The magnetic field lines emanate from the small gaps between the covers out into the space where the NFC reader will be located. Covers are basically always divisible, often because of the possibility of removing the battery from underneath the cover, leaving gaps between their parts. These are sufficient for the high intensity magnetic field to penetrate out of the emitter of the present invention.

Resonant properties of the radiator can be achieved by adjusting the position and dimensions of the winding conductor so that the winding itself has a suitable capacity, or the entire system of all winding conductors has a suitable capacity, possibly including electromagnetic coupling of the surrounding.

The radiator can be designed to be tuned appropriately under different environmental conditions. If it is in close proximity to electrically conductive materials, the inductance of the radiator will decrease. This feature is used to automatically control the radiated power depending on the environment in which the radiator is placed. This will increase the versatility of the use of the radiator, the distribution of which does not have to take into account the influence of different types of mobile phones. For example, a radiator will be tuned to 15MHz resonance when it is in a metal package. Due to the environment the inductance of the antenna stabilizes, decreases to 1μΗ. However, if placed outside the package the inductance increases to 1.3μΗ and the resonance is shifted to 12MHz. Since the radiator emits power at 14.4MHz, the maximum power is radiated when its resonance is close to this value because its internal resistance is then the smallest. However, when placed under a plastic housing, the resonance moves down to 12MHz and the internal resistance increases at 14.4MHz. The radiator will preferably be designed and constructed such that it is set to the maximum transmitting power at the most unfavorable shielding possible, for example, by fully shielding, by frequency and / or inductance and / or internal resistance. Thereafter, reducing the shielding rate by its coupling to the environment will reduce the transmit power at the same input excitation by the fact that the environmental shielding affects the frequency and / or inductance and / or internal resistance of the emitter. Simply for emitting with the emitter, we will deliberately use the surrounding metal parts, the absence of which will cause a transmit power drop, but the emitter will be set so that even at zero shade the emitter transmitting power is higher than the minimum receiving power by standard NFC or RFID receiving means.

The magnetic field emitter of the present invention will in principle be used to transmit a signal from a removable memory card body or from a SIM card body or from a PCD board or a battery. In the opposite direction of communication, when the signal is received on the removable memory card, there is usually no problem with the intensity of the electromagnetic field, since in this direction the transmitting antennas are not dimensionally constrained. In principle, there is therefore no particular need to optimize the transmission path towards the radiator, which will also serve as a receiving antenna. In another embodiment, the radiator may be complemented by a classically wound, separate NFC antenna to receive a signal toward the removable card.

The maximum effective current from the output driver can be in the range of 0.1 - 0.2 Arms, where the maximum allowed current load is based on the card interface standard. The output driver is part of the output stage of the power amplifier. The current in the winding conductor does not exceed 0.8 Arms. The output resistance of the output driver with such a setting and power on the microSD card may be less than 10 Ohm. The specific value of the impedance can vary according to the set ratio of voltages, currents and powers.

In reducing the core cross-section, we strive to achieve the highest possible magnetic field strength in the core. This brings increased demands on the core material. A suitable way to increase the efficiency of a ferrite core is to concentrate the frequency band to the narrowest possible frequency spectrum. The frequency spectrum design is to a large extent conditioned by the principle of conventional modulation, basically it is determined by the standard for contactless communication, according to which the transmitted data in the transmitter is modulated into a subcarrier frequency, which is connected to the basic, carrier signal. In the radiator of the present invention, modulation has proven to be particularly advantageous with the new principle where the frequency spectrum can be tuned to only one frequency. The emitter is closely tuned to the transmitting frequency regardless of the subcarrier frequency. Thus, the frequency spectrum may have a sharp peak.

The radiator and receiver have a transformer coupling, the receiver transmits a carrier signal at a first frequency, on the radiator side the data is modulated and sent to the receiver, a signal is received at the receiver, the signal appears as a carrier signal at a first frequency and modulated subcarrier with data on the second frequency with respect to the carrier frequency. In the receiver, the carrier signal is separated from the signal at the antenna output and the transmitted data is demodulated. The essence of the new modulation in transmitting data from a radiator to a receiver is in particular that the frequency of the receiver and the radiator are different and this frequency difference corresponds to a subcarrier frequency. The signal that is received and demodulated on the receiver side is formed by a combination of the carrier signal transmitted by the receiver and the modulated data emitted by the radiator, which combination is detected and received on the receiver antenna.

The frequency difference is not formed by inaccuracy but is intentional and substantial. The frequency difference is the magnitude of the subcarrier frequency the receiver is set to use.

In a transponder, the use of a transformer coupling may not actively transmit a frequency signal, it is sufficient if the induction circuit of the transponder antenna is shorted at the required frequency, these changes on the transponder side are measurable at the receiver antenna output.

The change of the radiating frequency of the radiator compared to the carrier frequency of the receiver is chosen so that neither the method of evaluating the received signal nor the wiring of the receiver need to be changed on the receiver side. The variation of the transmit frequency may be set on both sides of the carrier frequency value, that is, the transmit frequency may be lower or even higher than the receiver carrier value.

In the antenna system formed by the receiver antenna and the radiator with mutual induction, the transformer coupling is formed due to the small distance between them. When transmitting data, the receiver transmits its carrier frequency to the antenna, the emitter emits a modulated signal at a different frequency, and signals of different frequencies are combined in a common antenna system.

The receiver analyzes the output from the receiver antenna. This output on the antenna of the receiver has the same character as if the emitter emitted on the carrier frequency with modulation of the subcarrier signal using load modulation. In the receiver, the carrier signal is removed from the frequency merge result and the result obtained corresponds to the modulated subcarrier signal, although in fact the radiator does not physically use the subcarrier signal. From it, the data is transferred by demodulation, even though the data has actually been modulated directly into the emitter's transmission frequency. This arrangement does not change the data processing method for the receiver, which is a significant circumstance since it allows to use existing receivers with new radiators. The opposite direction of the data flow can be the same as before.

If the receiver of the present invention transmitted its signal outside of mutual inductance with the receiver antenna, the transmitted signal would not correspond to the use of a subcarrier frequency since the radiator did not transmit it, and the receiver expecting a standard signal structure would not be able to evaluate such a signal. Only when the mutual inductance is created does the physical phenomenon of the merging of different frequencies occur, the difference of which is intentionally set to the magnitude of the expected subcarrier frequency. The receiver thus processes the received signal in the same way as in conventional wiring. An important benefit of the present invention is that it does not require changes on the side of existing receivers. For example, the radiator will be placed in a mobile phone. With a non-cash payment application, the mobile phone with the radiator approaches the receiver contained in the reader

POS terminal. In the card, the signal is generated and modulated at a frequency different from the frequency that the receiver generates as the carrier frequency. The signal from the receiver 15 is combined with the signal from the emitter to the signal in the form of a merged signal, which appears in the receiver as a signal according to a previously known structure. The receiver, the reader then processes the combined, combined signal as usual in prior art processes.

Preferably, the transmitted data is modulated directly by changing the phase of the radiator frequency φ = 0 ° or φ = 180 °. In this case, it is sufficient if the modulation in the radiator changes the phase of the transmitted frequency once per basic time unit - et. The elementary time unit corresponds to one bit interval. In this way, a considerably smaller number of phase changes is sufficient, which reduces the requirements for controlling the modulation on the emitter side and also reduces the noise.

The described method is capable of operating in a transformer coupling between a radiator and a receiver, the advantages of this method being particularly evident in a weak transformer coupling with a transformer coupling coefficient k = 0.2 -0.001.

In view of the possibility of using existing receivers, it is preferable that the carrier signal f _r has a frequency of 13.56MHz ± 7kHz. Also, it is suitable that the difference between the carrier signal frequency and the radiator frequency is the whole part of the carrier frequency, preferably 1/16 of the carrier frequency, corresponding to 847kHz. This frequency relationship is advantageous from a hardware point of view, where it is possible to use existing electronic frequency splitting elements as well as in terms of compliance with existing standards. The frequency generated by the radiator f _t shall be 13,56MHz + 847kHz = 14,4075MHz, also with the same tolerance of ± 7kHz.

The signal detected on the receiver side corresponds to the state as in conventional carrier frequency modulation by a load. However, in the prior art wiring and methods, the antenna load would have to vary every half-wave of the sub-carrier signal, i.e. at about 13.56 MHz, it is approximately every 0.6 ps. In the method and wiring of the present invention, it is sufficient that the change is made once every 1 second, i.e. approximately every 9.3 ps. A smaller waveband generates less noise by NoisePower = 10.log (16) = 12dB.

The data transmission method of the present invention allows the radiator to be tuned very closely to the transmitting frequency, without having to take into account the radiation characteristics of the antenna for the subcarrier frequency. In fact, the radiator does not use a subcarrier frequency, which is observed only at frequency interference. The receiver expects to receive a subcarrier frequency, in ISO 14443 arrangements, the absence of a subcarrier signal at the receiver antenna output would prevent any communication.

The described method will find wide application in transmissions where the radiator is located on / in a mobile communication device, in particular on a card which is removably located in a mobile communication device slot (SD card, microSD card, SIM card, micro SIM card, nanoSIM card) . In such a case, it is not possible to practically increase the transformer coupling coefficient, and improving the transfer properties is a major advantage of the method according to the invention. Due to the described invention, the emitter is tuned to a narrow frequency response that corresponds to the transmitting frequency. A different frequency is used in the opposite direction of the data flow, but on the radiator side, the transponder does not cause transmission difficulties, since the reader transmits with significantly higher energy and possibly a wider frequency spectrum. For example, the reader may be a POS terminal communication element.

The following wiring may be used to implement the method of modulating the radiator of the present invention. The wiring comprises a radiator, a modulation and demodulation element, and an electromagnetic wave generator at a frequency different from that of the receiver. The mere use of an electromagnetic wave generator in the wiring is not common in the transformer coupling of the transmitter and receiver antenna inductances, since up to now the load modulation on the transmitter side has been used. In our connection, the electromagnetic wave generator will be mainly an oscillator, to which data is transmitted for transmission.

Since the radiator is to be able to operate in the opposite direction of the data flow, the demodulator element of the radiator will be connected at the inductance tap to the sensing resistor.

To remove the voltage peaks at the inlet to the demodulation element, the demodulation element will be coupled via a choke. By branching we reduce the voltage and improve the impedance of the circuit. The power supply to the emitter circuitry can be provided from the received electromagnetic field, where the emitter can be considered as a passive element, but can also be provided by its own source. In the case of implementing a radiator according to the present invention in a removable card in a mobile phone, the radiator may be energized via the card interface.

The frequency values given here are a preferred setting in relation to existing standards and standards, but the frequency combining method described may also be applied to completely different frequency values, since the generation of the subcarrier signal in the frequency combiner as described above is based on generally valid waveforms.

The emitter on the card of the present invention has excellent transmission properties in slots of various mobile communication devices, even when the slot is placed under the battery. The measurements have shown that a mobile phone with a removable memory card with a radiator according to the invention is capable of creating a reliable NFC communication channel, while not limiting the directional orientation of the mobile phone relative to the NFC reader. The influence of different mobile phone designs on the reliability of the additionally created contactless channel is suppressed.

The described radiator and modulation of transmitted data can also be used in other transmission applications, e.g. in galvanic separate data transmission from sensors, in data transmission from moving, oscillating elements and the like. The method and connection according to the invention makes it possible to optimize transmission systems in the transmission of data in domestic technology, electrical appliances, medicine, automotive technology and the like. The invention simplifies the modulation of the emitter-side signal, reduces noise, and allows very narrow and efficient tuning of the emitter.

These effects, in conjunction with the new design of the radiator (ratio of the effective width of one thread to the radius of the radiator core) synergistically improve transmission characteristics even in the case of weak transformer coupling, which creates the preconditions for quality data transfer even from shielded environments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The solution is explained in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 26. The scale used and the size ratio of the individual elements may not correspond to the description in the examples, and these measures and size ratios cannot be explained as a narrower scope of protection.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates the transformation of a serial LR circuit to a parallel circuit.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the losses in the coil of a radiator as a function of the ratio of conductor width to core diameter.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the emitter versus the ratio of the winding width to the core diameter.

Figure 4 is a series resonant circuit to which the resulting resonant circuit at point B of the graph of Figure 3 is simplified.

Figure 5 is an axonometric view of a flat cross-sectional emitter. The spacing between the wire windings is shown only for clarity, in fact the winding is arranged close to each other.

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the core and the flat conductor with a single winding. Again, gaps are shown between the windings and between the windings and the core for clarity, in fact, the winding is arranged close to each other and tightly on the core without gaps.

Figure 7 shows a cross-section of a flat conductor with overlapping edges. Gaps are shown between the windings and between the windings and the core for clarity; in fact, the winding is arranged close to each other and tightly on the core without gaps.

Figure 8 shows a cross-section of a core with a multi-stage winding of the conductor where the conductor of all stages of one thread is the same and insulated. For the sake of clarity, a gap is shown between the outer conductors of adjacent threads in Figures 8 to 13, but this does not actually occur in the winding. The gap in the figures is intended to distinguish the conductors into groups of one thread.

Figure 9 shows a cross-section of a core with a multi-stage wire winding, where only the edge conductors of one winding are insulated. Conductors located within one group, one winding are not insulated.

Figure 10 shows the lead of the conductor in a winding on a core with a circular cross-section. For the sake of clarity, one conductor 41 is shown, the other conductors being shown only in cross-section. The thread pitch corresponds to half the diameter of the circular core.

Figure 11 is a view of a half-emitter where the winding consists of a flat non-insulated conductor, around which an insulated round cross-section conductor is wound.

Fig. 12 is a view of the end of the radiator windings at the end of the core with a non-conductive pad that is soldered to the substrate of the removable memory card.

Figure 13 shows a detail of the wiring of one thread of wires on the connection plate that is formed on the underside of the non-conductive pad.

Figure 14 shows an example of placing the emitter on a removable microSD format memory card.

Fig. 15 is a side view of the magnetic field radiation diagram with the radiator placed on a removable memory card and inserted into the interior of a mobile phone with metal covers. The radiation diagram in the horizontal plane shows the effort of the magnetic field to push through a narrow slit in the metal package so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field close together.

Figure 16 shows examples of four antenna frequency settings in the NFC broadcast band. The resonance curve is represented by a solid line. The peak of the resonant curve represents the resonant frequency Ir of the antenna and may coincide with the transmit frequency f1 or the receive frequency f2, or may form only the apex of the curve that characterizes the usable frequency band. The frequency f1 of the broadcast is plotted with a dashed line. The reception frequency f2 is plotted with a dashed line. The y-axis represents the input current to the antenna.

Figure 17 shows the impedance parameters of the emitter.

Figure 18 shows an automatic tuning of radiator power where the radiator impedance varies depending on the environment. The curve "a" represents the internal resistance of the system with the radiator placed in the plastic package, the curve "b" applies to the system with the radiator placed in the metal package.

Figures 19 to 22 show SIM cards with various radiators in the card body.

Figure 23 shows the location of the radiator directly on the PCB of the mobile phone. Figure 24 shows the location of the radiator in the cell phone battery.

Figures 25 and 26 show the miniSIM card and nanoSIM card slots. The slots are provided with amplifying elements and are shown as being removed from the host device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

In this example of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15 to 18, a rectangular ferrite core 1 radiator structure is described. The core 1 has a length of 9 mm and a cross-section of 0.8 mm x 0.6 mm. A non-conductive pad 6 having a width of 0.8mm and a thickness of 0.04mm is enclosed with the core. On the core 7 and at the same time through the non-conductive pad 6, 21 threads 2 of copper insulated wire are wound close together. In this case, one thread 2 is formed by six parallel conductors 4 with a diameter of 0.05 mm. This replaces the flat conductor of one thread 2 of 0.3 mm x 0.05 mm.

On the non-conductive pad 6, at the ends, two connecting plates 7 are formed, on which six conductors 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 are connected to one another. Conductors 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 , ie after the last thread 2, they are spaced apart from each other to create more space for the tip of the ultrasonic welder. The conductors 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 are ultrasonically brazed, welded to the connecting surfaces 7.

At the same time, these attachment plates 7 are connected to a contact by which the entire radiator body is soldered to the substrate, in this example to the substrate of the removable microSD memory card 5. The emitter on the removable memory card 5 is positioned opposite to the card contact zone, in this example advantageously just in the part where the card has a small coarseness for easier removal of the card from the slot 12.

The core 1 with a cross section of 0.8 mm x 0.6 mm has an equivalent radius of 0.391 mm. It is the radius at which the circular core has the same area of 0.48 mm ² as the cross-sectional area of the rectangular core of 0.8 mm x 0.6 mm. For 21 threads of 9 mm length, the effective width w of one thread 2 is about 0.428 mm. The ratio between the equivalent radius and the effective width is 1: 1.095, thus the effective width w of one thread corresponds to about 1.1 times the equivalent radius.

The advantage of the six parallel conductors 4 compared to the flat conductor is also its better conductivity at high frequencies. Due to the skin effect with a depth of p = 17pm / 14MHz, the conductive surface of the six circular conductors tt / 2 times larger than that of a flat conductor of the same size, resulting in lower losses. The radiator of this example has an inductance L = 1.3pH and a quality Q = 21 at a power load of 13dBm at a frequency of 14.4 MHz.

The antenna system consists of an antenna driver, a series parallel resonant system with a magnetic field emitter and a low noise high gain amplifier (limiter). The driver is designed in H bridge with output resistance Rout less than 4 Ω at bridge voltage supply Vcc = 2.7V. Since the switching time of MOSFET transistors is less than 1ns, it is necessary to filter higher harmonic switching products with the capacity of C3. The switching signals of the bridge H + and H- of the bridge are phase-shifted by 2.2ns, so that when switching them, both controlled branches are not switched on at the same time and thus the Vcc power supply is shorted to ground.

Said construction achieves the effect of a "magnetic gun" with horizontal radiation at the ends of the ferrite rod core 7. The theory of the magnetic gun defined in the present invention is that magnetic field lines cannot leave the ferrite rod of the core 1 rather than at its ends because the electrically conductive materials of the tightly wound conductors 4 are impermeable to the magnetic field. And since magnetic field lines must always close each other, the only place where they can leave the radiator is the ends of core 1. In practice, it is not possible to wind in such a way that there is no air gap between conductors 4 and therefore some of the field lines also leak between the conductors 4. The excellent radiation characteristics of the radiator located inside the metal shield are observed in Figure 15.

The radiator is located inside a mobile phone that has metal covers. This is shown in Figure 15 as a shielding cover, i. the magnetic field flow obstruction 3. The magnetic field lines emanate from the small gaps between the covers out into the space where the NFC reader will be located.

The radiator disintegrates due to its location in different environments and if it is in close proximity to electrically conductive materials, the inductance of the radiator is reduced to 1μΗ. This feature is used to automatically control radiated power depending on the environment in which it is located. The radiator is tuned to 15MHz resonance when it is in a metal package (due to the environment the inductance of the antenna has decreased to 1 pH). The metal container represents a shielding cover

3. However, if placed outside the package, the inductance is increased to 1.3μΗ and the resonance is shifted to 12MHz. Since the radiator emits power at 14.4MHz, the maximum power is emitted just when its resonance is close to this value because its internal resistance is then the smallest, about 20 Ω. However, when placed under a plastic housing, the resonance will move down to 12MHz and the internal resistance at 14.4MHz will increase to 50 vz. Thanks to this arrangement, the radiator placed under the metal housing emits maximum power, while in the case under the plastic housing the radiated power automatically decreases, ensuring that in this case the receiving devices (POS terminals) are not woken up. too high signal. This automatic tuning of the radiator power when the radiator impedance varies depending on the environment is shown in Figure 18.

Example 2

In this example according to Figures 5 and 6, a flat insulated conductor 4 is used whose cross-sectional height corresponds to approximately one eighth of the width of the conductor 4 in cross-section. The flat conductor 4 can be used in oval cross-sections of the core 1 where there is no risk of damage or breakage of the conductor 4 when winding on the core of the core 1 at small dimensions and small radii of rounding of the rectangular core 1. another similar technology of applying a conductive path to the surface. A mask may be formed on the core 1 in the form of spacing gaps between the threads 2 at least at the thickness of the conductor 4. The mask in this case has the form of a helical strip with a width forming interthread insulation 8. Then a metal layer is applied to form a flat, wide winding . If the insulation 8 is applied to the edge of the conductor 4 and then re-applied the conductive layer strip, which will cover the inter-thread gap, the edge of the flat conductor 4 may be overlapped, thereby limiting the magnetic field leakage outside the core faces L

Example 3

In this example according to Figures 5 and 7, the flat insulated conductor 4 is guided over the edge of the adjacent thread 2, thereby creating a thread overlap in order to prevent the penetration of the magnetic field between the threads. The possibility of magnetic field leakage through a gap of twice the insulation thickness 8 of the conductor 4 remains.

Example 4

In this example of Figures 9 and 10, a combination of non-insulated conductors 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and insulated conductors 41 and 47 is used. One thread 2 is formed by seven conductors 4 wherein both edge conductors 41 and 47 of the thread 2 have insulation 8 to avoid inter-threaded short-circuiting. Non-insulated conductors 42. 43. 44. 45. 46 are located within the group. Since they do not have insulation 8, the formation of gaps for magnetic field leakage is reduced and at the same time there is no need to interconnect these conductors 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 electrically. Only conductors 41.42 are therefore led to the connecting surface 7. 46 and 47.

Example 5

In this example of Figure 11, a combination of one flat non-insulated conductor 42 and two insulated conductors 41, 43 with a classic circular cross-section is used to form one thread 2. This combination simplifies the manufacture of the radiator, since the suitable, available, low-thickness, flat conductors are not insulated. The edge conductors 41 and 43 form an inter-turn insulation, whereby they are conductively connected to each other on the connecting surface 7 and also to the flat conductor 42.

Example 6

In this example, the core 1 is in the form of a ferrite rod with a circular cross-section with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 7 mm. The emitter has 17 coils 2, the effective width w of coil 2 is 0.41 mm. The ratio between the effective width of the thread 2 and the radius of the core 1 is 1.025. The permeability of the core i is chosen such that, given the dimensions of the emitter and the winding, the inductance is L = 750 nH.

The radiator in this example is located in a mobile phone on a removable memory card 5, which also has a credit card function, and the communication method of the credit card with the POS terminal is using a data transmission method using two different frequencies. The POS terminal has a conventional contactless credit card reader. These must approach the operating area of the reader to establish a communication link. Placing the payment card with the communication element in the memory card 5 in the mobile phone slot 12 deteriorates the possibility of the communication element on the card fully approaching the reader operating space center. The mobile phone slot 12 is primarily intended to accommodate a conventional memory card 5. For the communication element thereon, the slot 12 presents undesirable shielding, a portion of the body of the slot 12 is formed by a metal molding. The communication element comprises a radiator according to the present invention and in this example is placed directly on the micro SD card. The format of the card 5 is not limiting for the scope of the present invention, but may be any format in the future. The constant miniaturization of the memory cards 5 and the corresponding slots 12 impairs the possibilities of effectively positioning the communication element on the card 5, the arrangement just described solves this problem. The communication element uses the NFC platform. The transformer coupling coefficient k is 0.2 = 0.001 in real-world environments and normal cell phone operation.

The content and structure of the transmitted data may vary, in this example the data needed for communication and authorization of payment processes. The mobile phone owner has a memory card 5 equipped with a non-stationary magnetic field emitter. This will extend the functionality of his mobile phone. In a preferred embodiment, the payment card 5 will also include a payment card according to other inventions of the applicant of this patent. It is important that for the POS terminal and its credit card reader, the connection of the mobile phone to the memory card 5 will appear as a standard contactless card. The structure of the transmitted data will thus conform to standards in payment applications. The advantage of this connection is the convenient use of the mobile phone user interface.

The radiator has a 14,4075MHz ± 7kHz electromagnetic wave generator. This frequency is 847kHz higher than the frequency of the receiver. The frequency of the receiver is 13.56MHz ± 7kHz according to the standards. The frequency difference is 1/16 of the receiver carrier frequency. It is important that the generator is connected and active to excite the radiator when transmitting data through a transformer coupling, which has not been used so far. In the case of a radiator-side generator in existing wiring, this generator was not intended for active operation in the transformer coupling state, since it was not needed with respect to the same transmission frequency. The generator is connected to a resonant circuit whose output is connected to the radiator.

The data from the emitter on the memory card 5 to the receiver in the POS terminal reader is transmitted in the transformer coupling of the antenna inductors M of the emitter and the receiver, the data being modulated into the emitter-side signal and the receiver transmitting the carrier signal. The distance of the radiator from the receiver will be in the order of cm, basically the body of the mobile phone can touch the reader, the transmission will still be in a physical sense contactless. The radiator may also move within the operating area and its speed should be less than 1 m / s.

The radiator emits a signal with a frequency of 14.4075MHz ± 7kHz, the carrier frequency of the receiver is 13.56MHz ± 7kHz. The difference of these frequencies shall be a value that corresponds to the size of the subcarrier frequency derived as 1/16 of the carrier frequency as defined in ISO 14443.

In the antenna system of the receiver and the radiator the signals of different frequencies are merged and in the receiver the signal in the form of connection of the carrier frequency and modulated subcarrier frequency with the data occurs. In the receiver, the carrier signal is separated from the result of the signal merging. The result of this separation is a subcarrier signal, although the radiator did not physically transmit it. The transmitted data is demodulated from the subcarrier signal. The demodulation element, the resonant circuit and the receiver generator have the same arrangement and function as in the prior art solutions.

In this example, the base time unit etu corresponds to a one bit time interval, that is, the time required to transmit one data unit. In the direction of data flow from the emitter to the receiver, the etu is defined as 1et = 8 / ft, where ft is the frequency of the modulated signal emitted by the emitter. The basic transfer rate is 106 kbits / s. When modulating the signal from the radiator, it is sufficient to change the phase only once every 1 et (approx. Once every 9.3 ps), ie 16 times less often than with previous load modulations. A smaller wavelength generates 12dB less noise. The transmitted data is modulated directly by changing the phase frequency of the radiator signal, at <p = 0 ° or <p = 180 °. This modulated signal could also be called the carrier signal of the emitter, but since the emitter does not form a subcarrier frequency, this frequency is referred to as the emitter signal frequency only.

The radiator is narrowly tuned to the transmitting frequency of 14.4075MHz, and has a narrow and high FTT curve. The radiator is adjusted irrespective of the radiation characteristics at 847kHz subcarrier frequency. In the event that such an antenna should also transmit a subcarrier frequency, it would radiate power insufficient for reliable transmission. In the circuit according to the invention, however, it is important that the radiation of the signal with the transmitted data takes place precisely at a frequency of 14.4075MHz, where the FTT curve essentially has a peak.

In this example, it is also necessary to provide the opposite direction of data flow from the POS terminal reader to the memory card 5 in the mobile phone. A demodulation element is connected to the radiator, which is connected at the antenna inductance branch to the sensing resistor, preferably via a choke. The use of a choke reduces the voltage peaks at the inlet of the demodulator. Thanks to the branch and choke, the demodulation element can be designed for smaller voltages. In this data flow direction, etu is defined as 1 etu = 128 / fr, where fr is the carrier frequency of the receiver.

Example 7

The conductor layer 4 is applied to the ferrite core 1 in the form of a ferrite rod with square cross section. First, a spiral guided mask is placed on the core 1, which will separate the threads 2 from each other. Subsequently, a metal layer is applied to the core 7, whereby a winding with the required number of turns 2 is produced by the separating mask. The gap formed by the mask represents the inter-thread insulation. The end of the deposited metal layer on the sides of the core 1 is formed by connection plates 7, by which the whole element of the radiator is then fixed to the substrate.

In this example (but may also be in conjunction with other examples), the emitter is placed on the PCB of the mobile phone 10. The phone has covers with metal parts that represent shielding covers as an obstacle 3 to the magnetic field flow. By using the emitter of the present invention, it is possible to place the emitter in substantially any free space on the PCB 10 and there are no problems with poor magnetic field penetration from the mobile phone body.

Example 8

The radiator of Figure 23 is made similar to Examples 1 to 7. The mobile phone manufacturer designs new models such that the design of the PCB board 10 is not limited by the requirements for previously known types of NFC antennas. Different types and models of mobile phones provide one type of radiator directly on the PCB board 10.

Example 9

The radiator is located in the SIM card 9. The radiator core 1 is oriented and positioned differently in the different versions of Figures 19 to 22.

Example 10

The radiator of Figure 24 is housed in the battery body 11 of the mobile phone. Essentially, it is a rechargeable battery 11, but is commonly referred to as a battery 11. Due to the small thickness of the core 1, the emitter is located on the surface of a conventional battery 11 below the last layer of the plastic battery case 11.

Example 11

The nanoSIM card slot 12 of Figure 26 has a molded metal plate holder. The slot 12 comprises a reinforcing element 13 in the form of a ferrite foil. The NanoSIM card 9 has a radiator on the edge of the card body.

Industrial usability

Industrial applicability is obvious. According to this solution, it is possible to industrially and repeatedly produce and use non-stationary magnetic field emitters as an antenna located directly on a removable memory card with high emissivity and small dimensions. The new method of modulating the emitter significantly reduces noise and allows to increase the magnetic field intensity in the emitter core.

Claims (33)

PATENT CLAIMS An unsteady magnetic field emitter in the function of a miniature antenna replacement in a mobile communication device, in particular a flat carrier antenna replacement, wherein the radiator has an elongated core (1) with a permeability greater than 1, a core (1) having at least and wherein the radiator forms an element for forming a non-contact NFC or RFID communication channel, wherein the signal emitted from the radiator is received by standard NFC or RFID receiving means, characterized in that the core (1) is at least partially ferrite, 2) are placed on the core (1) in one layer or at most in two layers, threads (2) are placed on the core (1) next to each other to limit the magnetic field radiation from the core (1) outside its ends, effective width w the thread (2) corresponds to 0.25 to 1.75 times the radius of the core (1) at the circular cross-section of the core (1) or corresponds to 0.25 to 1.75 times the equivalent half for other core shapes (1). The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective width w of one thread (2) corresponds to 0.85 to 1.15 times the radius of the core (1) at the circular cross-section of the core (1), or 1.15 times the equivalent radius for other core shapes (1). A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the smaller cross-sectional dimension of the core (1) is less than 1 mm, the length of the core (1) being more than 7 times the smaller cross-sectional dimension of the core (1). Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cross-section of the core (1) has a circular shape or an elliptical shape or at least partially rectangular shape, in particular a square or rectangular shape, preferably with rounded corners. or has a cross-section formed by a combination of said shapes. A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the core (1) has a straight rod shape. A non-stationary magnetic field radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the core (1) has a height of up to 1 mm, preferably of 0.6mm, width of 5mm, preferably of 1mm and length of up to 15mm, preferably of 11mm. mm. A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the winding conductor (4) is flat, preferably with a width exceeding twice the height of the conductor (4) in cross-section. The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 7, characterized in that the flat conductor (4) is overlapped along the edge by a conductor (4) of the adjacent thread, where the overlap is provided with insulation (8). A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the winding comprises a plurality of parallel conductors (41-4N) forming a multistage thread (2) parallel to each other, these conductors (41-4N) of a single thread (2). they are electrically connected, preferably they are connected at the sides of the core (1). The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 9, characterized in that the multistage conductors (41 to 4N) are fed at the ends of the winding and connected to the connecting surfaces (7), where the conductors 4 are spaced from one another. The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, in the case of at least four conductors (41 to 4N) of a single thread (2), only the outer conductors (41,4N) of one thread (2) are electrically insulated on their surface. ). A non-stationary magnetic field radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the conductor (4) is formed by applying a metal layer to the surface of the core (1) with gaps between the turns (2). The transient magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the permeability of the core (1) is selected such that at a given winding of the conductor (4) the emitter achieves an inductance of 600nH to 1200nH, preferably near 750nH. A stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is tuned to a transmit frequency such that it resonates at a frequency close to the transmit frequency when the emitter is positioned near the shielding cover as an obstacle (3) for the magnetic field flow. wherein the proximity of the shielding reduces the inductance of the radiator, and where, after removing the effect of the shielding, the inductance of the radiator increases, the internal resistance increases and the resonant frequency decreases and moves away from the transmitting frequency. The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 14, located in a particular environment, characterized in that the frequency and / or inductance and / or internal resistance is set to the maximum transmitting power at the most unfavorable shielding, where reducing the shielding rate the same input excitation in that the environmental shielding affects the frequency and / or inductance and / or internal resistance of the emitter, and even at zero shielding, the emitter transmitting power is higher than the minimum receiving power by standard NFC or RFID receiving means. Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the core (1) is formed by a ferrite rod disposed on a non-conductive pad (6), the non-conductive pad (6) has a width corresponding to the width of the core (1). (6) has a length equal to or in excess of the length of the core (1), the conductors (4) of the threads (2) being mechanically wound through a ferrite rod and also through the non-conductive pad (6), thereby winding the conductor (4) connects the core (1) with the non-conductive the non-conductive washer (6) has connecting surfaces (7) on the sides of the core (1) for connecting the winding wires (4) and connecting the radiator to the body of the guest device. Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 16, characterized in that the non-conductive pad (6) is made of dielectric material with a thickness less than one-eighth of the height of the core (1). A non-stationary magnetic field radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the winding of the threads (2) is covered by a conductive shielding cover which is connected to ground. Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it is disposed on the substrate of the removable memory card (5). PPrvoip- / J Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 19, characterized in that the axis of the emitter core (1) is oriented substantially parallel to the surface of the removable memory card body (5) and the emitter is located at the edge of the removable memory card body (5) outside the contact zone. an interface, preferably along an edge opposite the edge with the contact interface zone of the removable memory card (5). Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the emitter is disposed on a PCB board (10) of the host device, in particular a mobile communication device. Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 21, characterized in that the axis of the emitter core (1) is oriented predominantly parallel to the predominant outer surface of the body of the mobile communication device. A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the emitter is located on a SIM card (9) of any format (SIM, miniSIM, microSIM, nanoSIM). Non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the emitter is disposed within the body of the removable mobile phone battery (11). A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 20, 23, 24 located on a removable element in a host device, characterized in that, within reach of the electromagnetic field of the emitter, an amplifying element (13) associated with it is stably located in the host device. located in the slot (12) or connector that is appropriate for the removable element. The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 25, characterized in that the amplifying element (13) is a ferrite foil or a ferrite plate or a resonant circuit. A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 26 in a system for transmitting data from a emitter to a transformer coupled receiver, wherein the receiver has a generator, an antenna, a demodulation element, a modulator, an electromagnetic wave generator and the receiver is adapted to transmit a carrier signal to a radiator at a first frequency, the receiver is adapted to receive a signal at the output of a respective antenna, wherein the signal appears as a carrier frequency at a first frequency and a modulated subcarrier signal with data transmitted at a second frequency; carrier signal from the signal at the output of the respective antenna and demodulate the transmitted data, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave generator connected to the radiator is adapted to be excited by frequencies different from the receiver, the difference of these frequencies The signal that is received and demodulated on the receiver side is formed in the antenna of the receiver by combining the carrier signal transmitted by the receiver with the modulated data emitted by the radiator. 28. The non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 27, wherein the emitter is closely tuned to the transmitting frequency regardless of the radiating properties for the subcarrier frequency expected by the receiver. A non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the demodulation element is connected at the antenna inductance branch to a sensing resistor, preferably via a choke. A method of modulating data when transmitting from a non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 26, when transmitting data from the emitter to a receiver between which at the time of transmission is a transformer coupling of antennas, the receiver transmits a carrier signal at the first frequency; data is modulated and sent to the receiver, in the receiver the signal is received at the antenna output, where the signal appears as a carrier signal on the first frequency and a modulated subcarrier frequency with data on the second frequency with respect to the carrier frequency, at the output of the antenna and demodulated the transmitted data, characterized in that the frequency of the receiver and the frequency of the radiator are different and this frequency difference corresponds to a subcarrier frequency, the signal being received and demodulated on the receiver side is formed in the receiver antenna by a carrier channel transmitted by the modulated data emitted by the radiator. 31. The method of modulating data when transmitting from a non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 30, wherein: The data transmitted is modulated by changing the phase frequency of the radiator signal, preferably φ = 0 ° or (p = 180 °). 32. The method of modulating data when transmitting from a non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to claim 31, wherein the phase of the transmitted frequency changes once per period (elementary time unit). 10 (etu), the etu corresponding to one bit interval. A method of modulating data when transmitting from a non-stationary magnetic field emitter according to any one of claims 30 to 32, wherein the receiver carrier signal has a frequency of 13.56MHz ± 7kHz, the difference between the frequency of the receiver carrier signal, and The frequency of the emitter is the whole part of the carrier frequency, preferably 1/16 of the carrier frequency.