SK42494A3 - Building and support block and method of its production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention addresses the use of a wireframe structure mesh for building blocks of use for building, supporting, building walls and the like. skeleton it is lined with geotextile fibrous material, permeable moisture and trapping granular material like cement, sand, filler and the like that are used as skeletal filler material. The solution creates new forms skeletal structures as well as the resulting blocks can be covered with a protective coating to cover the mesh and achieving the decorative appearance of the outer surface.

Description

Building and support block and method of its production

Technical field

The invention relates to building and support elements in the form of blocks; in particular such building and support blocks, which consist of a wire mesh frame filled with waste material.

Technical field

Some of these building elements are known as footings and are wire mesh skeletons whose dimensions define the outer contours of a block filled with rocks, stones, chippings and the like. Along the perimeter of the carcass from the inside, the stones are laid so that they are visible from the outside through the carcass mesh, and in connection with this, the stones are usually surface treated and folded in the form of a wall to improve the exterior appearance of the block exposed to the public. This applies e.g. when footings are often used to support embankments along roads or in building coastal sea walls, etc.

Feet made of wire skeletons filled with stones and rubble are rigid building blocks and are used for the construction of retaining ramparts in hilly terrain, coastal sea walls and foundation walls, walls of general use and for various other purposes.

Filling wire mesh skeletons with a machined stone is very costly, time consuming and laborious. Stones and other pulp are required in conventional building processes because other material would simply fall through the meshes in the skeleton of the skeleton.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to building blocks which can be used: as base feet, but also for other purposes, and are filled with much loose particles and loose materials such as sand, concrete fragments, cinder and coal dust, and these small particle mixtures can be used as packing material either alone or in combination with another material without the disadvantageous properties of these materials for their use in foundation structures. The present invention provides a method of manufacturing building blocks directly on site, starting with a skeleton of a predetermined shape comprising at least a partially open wire mesh casing lined with a resilient porous material. The invention discloses a process for filling a carcass with conventional types of solid, small-particle materials that would otherwise fall through the meshes in the wire mesh of the carcass. The solid materials used actually represent a wide range of different materials. These can be mixed with the water and the pump to the interior of the carcass, which by its construction does not allow water to flow out immediately and leave only a layer of solid particles of small particles inside the filler. It is also possible to use mixtures or non-pressure polymerized liquid formulations and to solidify later the synthetic resins which are and have been poured into the carcass and thus fill the interior of the carcass mold to form a ballast mass.

The retaining layer is in the form of a fabric, mat, foil, or metal foil, laminate, or combination of these materials, but in any case is capable of forming a barrier layer that retains the ballast mass within the foil wrapping mesh even though the ballast material itself is a bulk material. with small particles such as e.g. building sand. The retaining layer is a pre-impregnated fiberglass mat or the like, which cures to the desired shape only after the inner surface of the carcass has been laid.

In such an arrangement with the use of the present heel technology, the flexibility of their use on construction sites is greatly increased, as the spectrum of suitable backing materials serving as a bone filler is greatly expanded. Generally, sand or other small-particulate material is much more available in large quantities than the treated building stone. A further improvement in the construction of the feet according to the invention is that after placing the feet in place in the building structure, they can be sprayed or coated with a cured synthetic composition, such as e.g. polyester or epoxy resin mixture, thereby completely covering the wire mesh and avoiding the corrosive effects of the atmosphere. The bituminous composition is applied with or without a layer of fiberglass fabric and can be painted to give an overall improved appearance. A chemically treated laminate is used which, after curing, aggressively anchors on the wire mesh of the carcass and the retaining layer on the inner wall of the carcass, especially if it is a pre-impregnated laminate, which at the same time improves the outer appearance of the heel. The synthetic resin is applied by spraying or painting in any appropriate amount, the acquisition layer being an absorbent surface and therefore a certain amount of deposited resin is soaked into it.

The skeletons can be manufactured, factory-filled - filled and coated in the factory and transported to the construction site. In general, however, it is preferable to fill the heels on a construction site with a protective coating only when they are definitively in place in the foundation structure.

The present invention also relates to concrete structures such as foundation blocks, circular beams, columns, foundations and generally any concrete structure or structure made of a rigid material with steel reinforcement.

The object of the invention eliminates the need for classical formwork, which is necessary in concrete substructure. When casting concrete structures, it is necessary to first form the formwork from slabs or steel sheets and thereby create a cavity filled with a concrete mixture, which, after setting, forms the respective building element. Installation of concrete formwork is time-consuming and costly, and the construction of the most common type of wooden formwork requires the work of a qualified carpenter. For buildings, especially tall buildings such as. authorities are increasingly used concrete foundation walls, which form a substructure situated below ground level, dimensioned according to the static calculation of the entire building.

When excavating the soil for the purpose of erecting this substructure, the assembly of formwork below ground level is a complication.

Exceptional features of the subject matter of the present invention make it possible to construct a concrete substructure from skeletons filled at least partially with concrete and enclosed by a semipermeable layer which permits water to enter the carcass, but at the same time prevents the concrete mixture from leaking out of the carcass.

The proposed method makes it possible to quickly and readily produce concrete structures of desired shapes. The carcass forms a support for the concrete mixture poured into the cavity, while the semi-permeable foil, which is the lined inner surface of the carcass, allows water from the poured concrete mixture to leak out of the carcass, thereby speeding up the concrete hardening process.

Compared to the classical casting method of cast concrete constructions, some of the significant advantages of the proposed new process are obvious.

First, when pouring concrete into a cavity in a classical formwork, moisture can escape from the concrete mixture only through its upper surface, and hence the setting rate is very low. The object of the invention, however, allows the immediate leakage of water through the lining of the carcass, so that the concrete begins to solidify immediately after pouring, and the final hardening of the concrete occurs at a higher rate than in the conventional process.

Second, the skeleton can remain embedded in the foundations along with the poured concrete, so there is no need to build or disassemble the formwork, as in the conventional concreting method.

Third, the carcass can be manufactured under the factory conditions in the desired shape, and there is no need to build formwork on site. There is no need to order qualified carpenters who do not work in bad weather, which is the cause of the delays in meeting the construction deadlines.

In cases where the carcass forms a side support wall on which the pressure of the poured concrete is applied, the use of a carcass sidewall reinforcement is required to prevent the carcass from bending or swelling outward by the force of the poured concrete. The use of skeletal sidewall reinforcement can be avoided if the concrete is poured into the cavity gradually at short intervals such that the concrete layers are poured into the skeleton after a certain time when the poured concrete has settled a little. A new layer of concrete of approximately the same thickness is then poured into the carcass and this procedure is repeated until the carcass cavity is filled to the desired extent. In this way, the stiffness of the previous concrete layer contributes to maintaining the correct shape of the outer wall of the filled carcass.

The poured concrete mixture is homogenized with a vibrator to ensure leveling in a similar way to the conventional concreting method.

By using a lining of flexible material as a retention layer for poured concrete, it allows the production of skeletons of the desired shape as prefabricates, which in some cases are decomposable into individual parts, which in disassembled state are better storable and transportable to the site and can be assembled and filled with concrete on site with low qualification.

If inside the carcass there are partitions made of the same wire mesh as the carcass walls, these are used to support the steel reinforcement in the specified position. The partition walls thus fulfill two functions - they both define the position of the skeleton walls and support the steel bar reinforcement.

By using the skeletons, the limitations of the cavity shape imposed by the method of concreting using classical formwork will disappear. If the foundation blocks support the supporting columns of a conventional square plan, then they are most easily realized by means of conventional formwork and can be replaced by cylindrical-shaped cylindrical blocks with an inner surface lined with porous water-permeable material.

For this purpose it is recommended to use so-called. a geot fabric manufactured by Dupont or ICI, which was developed as a water-permeable sieve and trapping particles dissolved in water, and a solid deposit that would not pass through the geot fabric even under increased pressure.

The present invention also relates to a skeletal structure used in the manufacture of building blocks in a method of filling a carcass with particulate material from which a building block is formed, the shape of the walls of which is defined at least partially by the carcass mesh and lining of porous material on the inside of the carcass.

It is preferred that the carcass is made of a plurality of pendulum-connected wire mesh panels that allow the carcass to be folded or erected, and the individual panels are covered on the inside with a porous material which, when the carcass is folded together, shape.

The carcass set to the working position should have a rectangular arrangement of walls, a lid and a bottom, mounted on hinges to the lower edge of one of the side walls interconnected by hinges with pins mounted on their edges.

The carcass may have wire mesh dividing walls. These partitions are transversely attached to the opposite walls of the carcass and allow the carcass to be folded into a flat transport shape and, when unfolded, a series of cavities filled with lining are found on all the inner surfaces of the carcass panels.

The lining of the carcass should be made of geotextile - technical felt.

The carcass structure according to the present invention can be used in a conventional type of substructure, by means of which the building blocks are made of skeletons filled with bulk filler material. The skeleton can be easily placed directly on the construction site by correctly rotating the panels, and then the skeleton is filled with the bulk filler such as crushed stone, rocks, gravel, etc., whose particles have a diameter larger than the holes in the mesh. the skeleton is made.

Previously known skeletons used to make foundation feet on a construction site utilized a base panel and side panels attached to the base panel by hinges. The side panels were mounted vertically directly on the construction site, and the confronting edges of the side walls were fastened with nailed nails, resulting in an open frame from above on the construction site. This skeleton was then filled with coarse material from above.

A serious drawback of such a skeleton was firstly the need to spray connecting clips with a gun directly on site, which requires the introduction of an electrical connection directly to the construction site, which entails other problems, as well as undesirable force on the skeleton clips when filling it with coarse material after they were incorrectly fired, they loosened and did not hold the side walls of the skeleton together.

It is recommended that the carcass structure consists of two side and two end walls connected at the edges with pivoting hinges and a carcass bottom attached to the hinges on the lower edge of one of the two side walls.

The shape of the carcass structure as recommended by the object of the invention has two side walls connected directly from the factory by hinged hinges and a carcass bottom fastened by hinges to one of the two side walls so that in transport position the carcass can be folded by relative rotation of the side walls to flat shape and bottom The skeleton may be folded onto flatly folded sidewalls as described in the method of use. If the carcass has internal partition walls, these can be attached on pivoting hinges to both opposite sides of the carcass during manufacture. The installation of the clamps directly in the factory during the construction of the frame ensures their proper fastening and the correct connection of the side walls of the base frame of the foundation foot.

On the construction site, the carcass unfolds to the standby position by tilting the bottom and moving the carcass side walls to the upright position. The remaining walls of the base may optionally be attached to the other walls of the carcass, but as will be explained later, from the manner in which the carcass is filled, these joints are not as heavily stressed as the joints between adjacent sides and partition walls.

The skeleton of the foot may also be provided with a lid of an appropriate size, which, however, has been fixed to the hinges on the opposite side wall of the skeleton than the anchored bottom of the skeleton.

In another embodiment, the carcass consists of a plurality of panels interconnected by pivoting hinges in the function of sidewalls with dividing baffles attached to the hinged side walls of the carcass on pivotal hinges, and the entire carcass structure can be folded into the transport position in accordion. in a standby position by simply pulling on the twine, which immediately creates a row of adjacent cavities separated by crossbars.

The footings so constructed do not require any electrical tools directly at the construction site to push the clamps, since all the additionally added clamps connecting the bottom and the lid of such a prefabricated carcass to its side walls are manually mounted. Another advantage of the carcass according to the invention is the possibility of producing carcass dividers directly at the factory. The classic adjustable base frame requires the installation of bulkheads on the construction site.

One further advantage of the object of the invention is that the carcass structure can be manufactured in a factory so that it can be of a minimum volume, under controlled conditions, i.e., in a controlled manner. folded into a flattened shape, it is folded in an accordion-like manner, and can then be unfolded on the construction site again to the stand-by position and filled with the material to form a base foot.

The carcass structure can be used in conjunction with a flexible cord or cable tied to respective carcass panels that define the maximum carcass opening position, thereby defining the resulting desired carcass shape in the standby position. In one embodiment, the carcass structure with the open top wall is an elongated shape and consists of polygonal cavities in a row side by side, with one common wall that defines the size of each adjacent polygonal cavity. The hexacjonal shape of the cavities appears to be advantageous, wherein the common panels are partition walls or membranes and the remaining four panels per cavity define the walls of the elongated skeleton structure.

The flexible cord may preferably be anchored to the partition baffles to limit the extent to which these baffles open outward when the composite carcass structure is opened to the fully open standby position.

The structure of the carcass can advantageously be joined by a membrane which is formed of a resilient material fixed on the inner sides of the side panels. The most suitable diaphragm shape is two elongate strips of fasteners attached to the inner walls of the side panels that extend beyond the carcass structure. In this kind of connection, the partition walls must be connected to the side panels by connectors extending through the membrane strips.

All panels are made of wire mesh.

The panel clamping methods explained above utilize clips and clips.

The foundation blocks produced according to the invention are used for the construction of retaining walls, and after spraying with the resin solution, an attractive wall finish can be achieved. The blocks can also be used for construction of barricades, temporary quarters, military buildings, emergency military shelters and other unspecified types of constructions that can be built from these blocks.

The resilient retaining layer used to separate the filling bulk material from the carcass mesh may be arbitrary, but it is recommended to use glued felt or geotextiles that have proven to be the best for this application.

Description of the drawings

The subject of the invention in advantageous properties is the documentation where:

individual copies as well as described in the comments on the picture

FIG

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a retaining wall constructed from the base feet of a classical construction;

shows a foot base constructed in accordance with the concept explained in the application;

Figs. 3,4 and 5 show a method of assembling a foot according to the present invention using a factory made blank;

Figure 6. shows the application of a protective and decorative coating by spraying onto a foundation foot according to the invention;

Figure 7. shows the spiral clamp used for joining the baseplate skeleton panels of FIG. 2;

Figure 8. is a perspective view of a carcass in a different embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9. 8 shows a cross-section of the carcass of FIG.

Figure 10. shows a concrete shoe made by the carcass of FIG. 8;

Figure 11. shows a skeleton used in the manufacture of a concrete lintel or a concrete block;

Figure 12. 11 shows the structure of the carcass of FIG. 11 in the open and bottom position;

Figures 13 and 14 show the carcass of Figure 11 folded into a transport shape;

Figure 15. is a plan view of the base frame structure of the footer in another embodiment at the time of its expansion from the transported folded state to the standby position;

Figure 16. 15 is a perspective view of the carcass structure of FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in FIG. 1, the dimensions of a conventional base block 10 in the form of a massive block are defined by the shape of a wire mesh frame 12 in which crushed stone 14 and other building runners are poured. The wire netting filler material must be of a particle size such that it does not fall through the meshes in the wire netting. The mesh can be protected by a protective layer of a plastic coating.

The use of footings for the construction of buildings, retaining walls, barricades, coastal embankments is well known. The use of footings is an effective way of combating soil erosion, and the footings are particularly well suited for stabilizing and reinforcing quays. Skeletons are filled directly on site by unskilled workers, but it is nevertheless necessary to use stones of a sufficiently large size. The footings have the advantage that they can be moved and reshaped flexibly if necessary, if the soil is planted. This does not compromise their strength and integrity. In addition, the feet are a porous material and it is usually not necessary to build a separate drainage system in buildings.

Referring now to Figure 2, the foot according to the present invention is shown, and it is apparent that the foot 20 consists of a skeleton 22 of steel bars or wires, as in the case of a classical type 10 foot, but in addition there is a steel skeleton lined with resilient material 24. , which allows the foot to be completely filled with a load material consisting of particles of substantially smaller diameter - sand is a typical example. Thus, the set increases the utility value of the foundation foot construction. The shoe shown in Fig. 2 is partially filled with sand or other bulk material 26. In practice, after the shoe is filled, it is covered with a wire mesh lid, and likewise it is possible to cover the filled skeleton with a resilient material 24. The resilient film used as cover may However, it has been found that technical bonded synthetic fiber plates, which exhibit high tensile strength while being sufficiently porous to allow water leakage but not small particles of filler material, have been found to be most suitable.

Another important feature of the present invention is that the unprotected areas of filled and closed base feet 20 that are embedded in a foundation or support wall may be covered with a protective coating of a curable laminate resin mixture 50, as shown in FIG. a flat and textured surface covering the wire frame and the surface looks like a wall with a rough plaster. The resin applied to the outer wall of the erected wall subsequently cures and chemically aggressively binds to the lining material 24 and the wire mesh of the carcass 22. The lining material is porous and absorbs the resin in a liquid state, thereby forming a solid bond.

The bases of the conventional construction have a carcass set to a stand-by position directly on the construction site, the adjacent panels being joined by stainless steel clips, galvanized tongue rings and spiral clips. 3, 4 and 5, the wire mesh panels 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38, of which the carcass is assembled, are articulated in a pivotal manner and the carcass is lined with a resilient fabric that attaches to the carcass panels . When building the carcass lined with fabric 40, the panels 34 and 30 are first tilted to the position shown in FIG. 4, and then the overlapping portions of the fabric 40 on the corners fold inward as indicated by the arrows 42 in the figure. The panels 32 and 36 are then tilted upwards until they reach the position of FIG. In this case, the protruding portions of the fabric 40 form flat flanges 44. Thus, the carcass is ready for filling with a filler material which can be a loose material such as e.g. sand. In Fig. 7, a spiral tab 46 is shown which can be used to join the edges of two adjacent panels, but any connecting element can also be used.

The foot shown in Fig. 5 is closed after loading with the load material by means of a wire mesh lid, as in the base feet of the conventional embodiment.

3, 4 and 5 it is seen that the tie hooks 51 and 52 are attached to the panels 30 and 34. These hooks are connected to each other as shown in FIG. is to maintain the panels joined while the material is forced into the corner between the carcass panels, and then the panels 32 and 36 are erected perpendicularly. By using the hooks, the panels 30 and 36 are held together at the corners to form a ready-made structure ready for loading with the ballast material.

Similar to the shoe shown in Fig. 2, the exterior of the shoe, or a visible portion of its surface, may be sprayed with a curable synthetic resin to provide a decorative surface appearance and to protect the liner 24 of Fig. 2 and the liner 40 of Fig. 5.

The footings to which the coating is to be applied must remain absorbent so that water can penetrate through them, as is the case with conventional footings.

The lining elastic material makes it possible to use fine-grained material for filling the carcass mold. Soil and ash can also be used as a filler material, and these materials are generally more accessible than conventional materials, such as brick, concrete debris, crushed granite, limestone, sandstone, stone, tile fragments, and blast furnace slag used in the base footings of the classic.

The feet are filled with load materials directly on site using a shovel, conveyor screw, pumps, various excavators, which allow a much higher work performance than when filling conventional base feet.

The footings in the embodiment of the invention exhibit a number of advantages, including the following properties: Wet sand and gravel are suitable as fill material conveyed by the sludge pump inside the skeleton form of the footings, especially in the vicinity of the sand and gravel pits.

The feet thus produced can be further surface treated with protective and decorative coatings selected with regard to their resistance to chemicals, salts and minerals, the effects of wind, rain and sand.

The feet of the aforementioned construction can successfully compete with concrete structures of equivalent dimensions.

Figures 8 to 14 show particular applications of the subject invention in the manufacture of concrete structures.

Fig. 8 shows a bar-wire or wire mesh frame of cylindrical shape. The mesh 60 has loose ends 62 and 64 secured by annular clips 66 that can be attached directly to the construction site.

Inside the cylindrical carcass is a lining material 68 that closely follows the outer shape of the carcass and is a porous technical felt, permeable to water, retaining even the smallest particles of filler material.

Making a concrete structure using the skeleton molds of Fig. 8 means only filling the inside of the skeleton with concrete as shown in Fig. 9. According to this figure, concrete is poured into the skeleton mold 70 in individual layers 72, 74, 76, etc. until the entire skeleton is filled. After each layer of concrete has been poured into the carcass, it is necessary to allow the concrete to stand for a specified interval to allow it to cure initially. Once the concrete is poured into the skeleton mold, the water leaks through the lining material 68 and through the mesh, in the direction of the arrows 78, so that effective drying of the concrete mixture is much faster than that of conventional formwork because water evaporates from the concrete poured into conventional formwork. only over the top surface of the concrete 80. The proposed method allows for faster and by pouring additional layers of concrete mixture it fills up faster than the classical formwork method. In addition, for classic formwork of cylindrical concrete structures, laminate molds with built-in partition walls are necessary. Positioning the formwork on is very time consuming and requires the work of skilled workers. By using a simple cylindrical carcass with a lining 68, a much simpler formwork method for producing concrete elements is obtained.

Curing of concrete 74 and 76 takes the form of reinforcement and construction site

The carcass 60 may have any suitable length determined e.g. the height of the constructed concrete columns, and the separating disks of wire mesh serve both as reinforcement and as spacers carrying steel reinforcing bars as shown in Fig. 11.

The cylindrical wire mesh wrap 60 may be shortened to the required length before or after the carcass is filled with concrete.

After the concrete has cured, the cylindrical mesh wrap 60 remains attached to or can be removed, depending to some extent on whether the outer surface is visible, i. if the concrete pole is placed in a visible position. If the column is not visible, no further treatment of its outer surface is necessary. However, if visible, its surface may be sandblasted to remove the lining material 68, followed by spraying the element with a thermoset 82 mixture as shown in Figure 10, wherein the thermoset resin binds better to the concrete surface than it would to the lining material 68.

In the embodiment of Figs. 8-10, the material 68 is used as a liner of the inner cylindrical surface of the carcass 60, but it is also possible to eject the bottom and lid of the cylinder. The carcass mold 60 may be supplemented by a round wire mesh lid that is placed on top of the cylinder after pouring the highest concrete layer into the mold.

The skeleton mold in conjunction with the liner 68 represents an efficient formwork for the production of concrete elements, much less labor intensive and for the construction of molds of more complex shapes than ordinary cylindrical shapes.

It should be pointed out that said feature of the invention does not only relate to a cylindrical carcass, since the particular carcass arrangement is determined by the desired shape of the resulting concrete element. Fig. 11 shows a skeleton shape suitable for the manufacture of concrete elements in the form of blocks and beams. The skeleton mold has side walls 90 and 92, end walls 94 and 96. dividing panels 98 and 100, all of which are made of wire mesh. The individual parts are joined together by pivoting clamping rings 102 which allow the individual parts to rotate relative to each other so that they can be opened up to the resulting flat shape of the wireframe shown in Figure 14. The top panel 104 can be opened as indicated by the arrow 106 relative to the side panel 90, as well as the base 108 can be folded as indicated by the arrow 110. relative to the side panel 92. The side walls 90 and 92 can be displaced relative to each other as indicated by arrows 112 and 114 FIG. 12 so that the panels 90 and 92, the end panels 94 and 96, and the partition walls 98 and 100 are folded so that the carcass assumes the resulting flat shape of FIG. 6. After folding the side and end panels into a flat shape, the skeleton outwardly from the panels 90 and 92, thereby obtaining the skeleton into a transport flat configuration.

Said skeleton mold is factory-manufactureable and transportable to a construction site where it is filled with a concrete mix. It is to be understood that the inner surfaces of the walls 90 and 92 and the inner surfaces of the ends 94 and 96 will be lined with a material 68 which is intended to retain the concrete within the skeleton mold. Where appropriate, this material may also be lined with the inner surface of the carcass bottom and lid.

The concrete block and the beam are simply manufactured by filling the carcass mold of FIG. 11, which of course has the lid 90 open and which only closes after the carcass has been filled with concrete. The inner surface of the lid 90 may be lined with material 68, which is rarely required in practice.

Likewise, the advantages of concrete hardening are achieved in the skeletons of the embodiment of FIG. 8, 10, and 11. The steel reinforcing bars 116 are supported by the end panels 94 and 96 as well as by the dividing baffles 98 and 100 through which they are inserted and no further attachment of the reinforcement is necessary. In this case, any number of reinforcing bars can be arranged in the frame according to need.

In the embodiment of the skeletons of Figs. 8-10, the material 68 may be removed by sand blasting after the concrete has cured, and the bare surface of the concrete element may be coated with a thermoset layer 82.

Concrete elements constructed in an embodiment of the invention may be used in any suitable application, such as e.g. foundations, round girders, bases, columns, stairs, retaining walls and other applications where conventional formwork is usually used.

Concrete blocks in skeletal molds are used in flood and coastal dikes as shown below.

The clamping rings 102 are wound from steel wire and are fixed to the carcass mesh manually.

The invention also relates to a flat-collapsible skeleton mold used in a given method of manufacturing concrete elements.

In another embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to erect the wall on the base surface by placing strips of wire mesh at a distance given by the thickness of the concrete wall. The strips of mesh at a desired distance may be interconnected by reinforcing barriers, and the concrete is simply poured into a mold bounded by both parallel strips, after unloading from the inside by a layer of retaining material. The method is suitable for the construction of retaining walls of circular shape surrounding containers with corrosive and hazardous chemicals, which form a brick well around the container, the task of which is to trap the effluent chemical from the pre-punched steel tank.

Another advantage of this embodiment is the possibility of using a relatively thin concrete mixture for the production of building elements due to the rapid escape of water from the concrete mixture poured into the skeleton mold. Because the concrete is relatively thin, air bubbles trapped below can quickly escape to the surface, resulting in perfectly homogeneous concrete after curing. This is a significant advantage over the conventional method of manufacturing concrete structures, which required a dry mix of 75 Abrams cone. It is much better to work with wetter concrete, but wet concrete is not suitable for the production of concrete structures using the classical formwork method. The object of the invention eliminates any problems with the application of wet concrete for the production of elements by casting into skeleton molds.

15 and 16, a particularly suitable shape of the carcass 120 is shown which is adapted to be folded into a flat shape, indicated by dimension 122, in which the carcass has a minimum volume but can be unfolded from the flat shape to the elongated shape 124 shown in FIG. . The elongate mold has a hexagonal plan view, with cavities 126 formed by front side panels 128, rear side panels 130, and partition walls 132. Panels 128 to 132 have the same width, but this is not the rule. When folded flat to form 120, the panels 128, 130 and 132 of each cavity are placed facing each other.

15, each partition panel 132 is common to each pair of adjacent cavities 126.

At the center of each partition 132 is a rope or cable 134 which is bound to define the extent to which, when the carcass mold is erected, the folded panels, as shown in FIG. By lining the inner surface of the panels 128 and 130 with the elastic bands 136 to 138, a retention layer is formed for the material poured into the mold 126, which will be uniformly filled and form a support or building block.

16 shows an erect skeleton mold, the cavities 126 of which can be filled with a load material, respectively. concrete. If the strips 136 and 138 are not inside, then a load material with a grain size shall be used so that it does not fall through the meshes of the wire mesh of which the panels 128 and 130 are.

If a lining of elastic bands 136 and 138 is used, then any suitable filler material may be used. The foot according to the invention may take other shapes than those described herein and may be used in other embodiments of the invention. In particular, the panels 128, 130 and 132 may be interconnected by clips of an embodiment other than that of the transition method 138. The elastic strips may be materials.

has been described here. Note that the fasteners through the elastic bands 136 made of the herein described

The resulting building blocks and support blocks of the footings according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are used alone, side by side or one above the other or in any other combination according to the static requirements imposed by the building structure.

The skeletal form shown in the figures may be any size. E.g. each hexagonal cavity can be up to 3 m wide and 3 m high. The erection of the carcass on the construction site is done by simply pulling the carcass to the erected position. Any element of any part of the present invention may be used in conjunction with other aspects of the present invention.

The resilient material used in the subject invention may comprise or comprise a liquid-permeable sheet of perforated metal foil. If a separate metal foil is used, it must be provided with openings that are large enough to allow liquid to pass through, but at the same time retain the filler material, which requires a compromise in choosing the diameter of the openings. As an outer layer of elastic material, ANKERMAT is made of twisted plastic fibers, which trap the soil particles in it, allowing the lawn to be grown on the upper surface of the blocks.

Claims (31)

PATENT CLAIMS A method of making a building block directly on site, comprising locally making a carcass in the desired block shape to be formed, the carcass comprising at least partially open mesh, and the carcass being at least partially lined from the inside with a resilient sheet material, and at least partially filling the carcass with a solid granular material that would fall through the holes in the carcass without the lining material. The method of claim 1, wherein the resilient lining material is a geotextile having the character of a fibrous felt permitting moisture transfer but retaining material particles. The method of claim 1, wherein the resilient film material is a fiber mat impregnated with a synthetic resin that, when placed in a carcass, cures to a laminate. The method of claim 2, wherein the skeleton walls are of open mesh and each of these walls is lined with lining material. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the lining is attached to the inner surface of the carcass by means of clips. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carcass is collapsible and is erected at the workplace, and the lining material is folded and transported with the carcass. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carcass is made exclusively of open wire mesh. The method of claim 6, wherein the carcass is of rectangular shape and is made of side walls, walls and base, the base is hinged at the lower edge of the side walls, and the side and end walls are pivotally connected so that the carcass can be folded into a flat transport shape. for conveying to the construction site, the lining being fixed only on the inner surface of the side and end walls. The method of claim 7, wherein the carcass has partition walls disposed between the side walls and intermediate between the end walls, which are also made of wire mesh. The method of claims 1 to 6, wherein the carcass consists of a plurality of interlocking side panels defining side walls and interstices rotatably connecting the side walls, which are folded in accordion to the transport position, wherein the carcass defines a row of adjacent hexagonal planar cavities for filling. material, wherein said lining material is embedded on the inside of the side walls. The method of claim 9, wherein the partition walls are connected to each other by a flexible strand passing therethrough, wherein the carcass is positioned by pulling the cord, thereby separating the partition walls from each other and gradually tilting the side walls of the carcass to an upright position. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mesh is formed by metal bars or wires fixed together at the intersections. The method of claim 11, wherein the mesh is defined by sets of parallel metal bars disposed parallel to each other. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material is any material such as e.g. sand, gravel, aggregates, concrete, soil, stones, clay slate, etc., or a mixture thereof. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocks are used for building walls. The method according to claim 14, wherein the top surface of the wall is filled with soil and is planted with plants to achieve an aesthetic appearance. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the block is used as a support element in the support wall, either alone or in conjunction with other similar blocks erected adjacent to or on top thereof. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the block is filled with concrete and is used as a building block. The method according to claim 17, wherein steel reinforcing bars are supported in the concrete which are supported by the mesh of the carcass before the carcass is filled with concrete. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer surface of the carcass at least in places defined by the shape of the mesh is sprayed with a synthetic resin topcoat that binds to the carcass mesh and the carcass lining to produce a perfect final block surface appearance. The method of claims 1 to 18, wherein the carcass is filled with concrete, the carcass lining material is removed after curing of the concrete by sand blasting, and the carcass surface is at least where defined by the mesh is covered with a synthetic resin coating that anchors the concrete and wire mesh and gives the resulting surface a perfect look. A skeleton structure adapted to be loaded with ballast materials to form a building block, said skeleton structure comprising a wall or walls at least partially defined by an open mesh, and a lining material disposed within said open mesh which allows the framework to be filled with granular material that would otherwise fall through the mesh of the mesh. The skeleton of claim 21, which is made of a plurality of pivotably joined panels of said mesh which allow the skeleton to be tilted from a flat shape to an erect shape, wherein the lining material is secured from the inside of the skeleton panels and folded together with the panels forming skeleton walls. The carcass of claim 22, having a rectangular shape defined by side walls, end walls, and a base that is pivotally connected to one side of the lower edge of either side wall, and the side and end walls are pivotally connected at the corners of the rectangular skeleton. A skeleton between said side walls according to claim 23. containing internal partition walls A skeleton according to claims 21 or 22, comprising hingedly joined side panels defining side walls and transverse inter-panels connecting the side walls, the frame being collapsible in a flat shape with the side panels being and erected in an upright accordion-folded position, wherein the side panels and interpanels are formed by lining material. a series of cavities lined from the inside A skeleton according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the lining material is geotextile-technical felt. A skeleton structure for use in forming structural blocks comprising rotatable joined panels of open mesh that form skeleton walls and which are rotatably connected to allow folding and unfolding of the skeleton into an upright position, wherein in the upright position one or more cavities are filled to fill building material. The skeleton structure according to claim 27, wherein the skeleton is defined by two side and two end walls which are pivotally connected at the corners, and one base panel pivotally connected to the lower edge or one of the side panel walls. The skeleton end panels with side panels of the structure of claim 28, wherein intermediate panels are disposed between them and are pivotally connected The skeleton structure according to claim 27, comprising a plurality of pivotably interconnected side panels forming side walls interconnected by partition walls rotatably interconnected with each other, and the frame structure can be stacked in a flat shape, the side panels folding in accordion and a flexible cord attached to the partition walls. serving as a means of erection, wherein by pulling on said rope, said skeletal structure is erected and defines a plurality of cavities disposed side by side.