SK332004A3 - Geopolymer binder based on fly ash - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a geopolymer binder based on fly ash, which is intended for the production of pastes, mortars and concretes or waste fixation and which contains 70 to 94 percent by weight of power station fly ash with a measurement surface of 150-600 m<2>/kg and 5 to 15 percent by weight of an alkaline activator, wherein said activator consists of a mixture of alkaline hydroxide and alkaline silicate, for example, water glass. Said activator contains 5 to 15 percent by weight Me2O and a proportion of SiO2/Me2O ranging from 0.6 to 1.5, wherein Me is Na K. The invention is characterized in that said binder contains 1 to 15 of a lime-containing compound, for example, CaCO3, CaMg(CO3)2, CaSO4, CaSO4.2H2O, Ca(OH)2, ground limestone or dolomite limestone, waste gypsum rock from chemical productions, waste gypsum rock from sulfur separation processes and reprocessed cement from concrete. The particle size of the lime-containing compound is advantageously from 1 to 200 ñm. The fly ashes should advantageously contain over 3 percent by weight of CaO.

Description

Geopolymer binder based on fly ash.

Technical field

The invention relates to an ash-based geopolymer binder for the production of slurries, mortars and concretes or waste fixation containing 70 to 94 wt. of fly ash with a surface of 150-600 m ² / kg 5 to 15 wt. an alkali activator composed of a mixture of an alkali hydroxide and an alkali silicate, for example water glass, wherein the activator comprises 5 to 15 wt. And has a SiO2 / Me2O ratio ranging from 0.6 to 1.5, where Me is Na or K.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Latent hydraulically active substances such as granulated blast furnace grinder, power fly ash, natural or artificial pozzolans are part of mixed Portland cements. These substances are actively involved in the hydration process of Portland cement, where the activating substance is mainly Ca (OH) ₂ , which arises from the hydration of clinker minerals. However, in the absence of Ca (OH) ₂ , the hydraulically active substances are capable of forming hydrates which provide masses with measurable mechanical properties. Such latent hydraulic fluid activators are certain alkaline compounds, such as e.g. Na ₂ CO ₃ , NaOH or Na ₂ SiO ₃ .

Basic data on these binders, "slag-alkali cements", can be found in the literature e.g. in VDGluchovsky: Soil Silicates, Kiev 1959, Proceedings 1st and 2nd International Conference "Alkaline Cements and Concretes", Kiev 1994, 1999 and many others. These works describe mixtures of latent hydraulic substances (especially slag and others), where an alkaline activator in the form of water glass, Na ₂ CO ₃ and NaOH is used.

US 4,410,365 discloses a binder based on ground granulated blast furnace slag and an alkaline activator, e.g. NaOH, Na ₂ SO ₄ .

Further described is an alkaline binder with a low water coefficient suitable for the preparation of slurries, mortars and concretes. The binder shall consist of at least 50% of a latent hydraulically active substance, such as slag or technical or natural pozzolan, having a surface area of at least 400 m ² / kg. The binder further comprises 0.1 to 5% plasticizer and 0.5 to 8%

NaOH or Na ₂ CO ₃ .

US 5,076,851 discloses a mixed gypsum-free Portland cement comprising 60-96.7% ground Portland cement clinker with a specific surface area of 350-550 m ² / kg and 3-40% ground latent hydraulic fluid such as blast furnace granulated slag, fly ash and others. The binder further comprises 0.1 to 3% plasticizer and 0.5 to 6% Na ₂ CO ₃ , NaOH or NaHCO ₃ .

US 5,084,102 discloses cement comprising 20 to 60% ground blast furnace slag with a specific surface area of 500 to 650 m ² / kg and 40 to 80% power fly ash and 2% ground Portland cement clinker (based on a mixture of slag and fly ash) and furthermore, 2 to 12% sodium silicate having a SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O ratio of 1 to 2.

US 5,601,643 discloses power fly ash based cement. This binder suitable for the preparation of slurries, mortars and concretes consists of fly ash and 2 to 20% alkali silicate (calculated Na ₂ O) with a SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O ratio of 0.2-0.75. The binder achieves high strength especially after processing at temperatures of 40 to 90 ° C

US 5,482,549 discloses cement consisting of ground blast furnace slag with a surface area of 500 to 700 m ² / kg and a ground power ash with a surface area of 500 to 750 m ² / kg in a ratio of 20:80 to 70:30 wt. parts, and further comprises at least 2% ground Portland clinker cement and 2-12% sodium silicate.

DE 3,934,085 discloses a binder for the immobilization of heavy metal wastes consisting of latent hydraulic substances (slag, ash and others) having a particle size of less than 100 µm, an alkaline activator based on CaO, Ca (OH) ₂ , MgO, Mg (OH ₁₂ , and CaSO ₃ or CaSO ₄ .

EP 593130 discloses a process for immobilizing heavy metal wastes using a binder consisting of ashes, an alkaline activator solution having a pH greater than 13, optionally containing slag, silica drift or other pozzolans.

EP 927708 discloses a hydraulic binder consisting of a latent hydraulic substance such as fly ash, ground slag, alkaline activator such as alkaline earth metal hydroxides, Portland or aluminate cement clinker and combustion gas desulphurisation products (CaSO ₃ or CaSO ₄ ).

WO 00/00447 discloses a hydraulic alumosilicate binder consisting of alumosilicates (blast furnace slag, clay, marl, fly ash) having an Al 2 O 3 content of more than 5%, a cement rotary kiln, an alkaline activator in the form of an alkali hydroxide and CaSO ₄ . More than 34% slag, more than 5% fly ash, 3 to 10% alkaline activator and more than 5% CaSO ₄ are always present in the binder.

CZ 289,735 discloses an alkali-activated binder based on hydraulically active substances intended for the production of slurries, mortars and concretes hardening at temperatures of 15 to 95 ° C, which consists of 35 to 93% by weight. % fly ash with a surface area of 100 to 600 m ³ / kg, 2 to 40 wt. % further latent hydraulically active substance, 5 to 15 wt. % of an alkali activator, such as a mixture of sodium or potassium water glass and NaOH or KOH, expressed as wt. Na2O, wherein the other hydraulically active substance is ground granulated blast furnace slag with a surface area of 200 to 600 m ² / kg, and / or ground Portland cement clinker with a surface area of 200 to 600 m ² / kg, and / or natural and / or artificial pozzolan. and / or thermally activated natural clay, and in the alkaline activator the SiO 2 / Na 2 O ratio is 0.4 to 1.0.

Alkaline activation of fly ash produces materials with strengths exceeding those of standard Portland cements. The alkaline activation of fly ash in an aqueous medium at a pH> 12, where the material hardens, is different from the hydration processes of inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement. Alkaline activation of fly ashes (predominantly SiO ₂ content) is a process in which Al (and probably Ca, Mg) penetrates into the original silica lattice. This results in a 2D-3D inorganic hydrated polymer (geopolymer) of the formula M _n [- (Si-O) _z - Al-O 2 .wH 2 O]. The hydration products of the alkali-activated fly ash have an amorphous character with minor crystalline phases predominating in the Q ⁴ (2AI) configuration. The properties of the alkali-activated ash are dependent on the method of preparation, particularly the concentration of the alkali activator and the moisture conditions. Optimum results were obtained by heating to 60 to 90 ° C in an open atmosphere ("dry conditions"). In the presence of blast furnace slag in alkali-activated ash mixtures, there is a significant increase in strength (above 150 MPa in compression) under optimal "hydrothermal" conditions at 60-90 ° C. Under these conditions, CSH is formed in addition to the geopolymer phase. Alkaline activated binders give the possibility of utilizing waste inorganic materials. AA ash materials can be characterized as chemically bonded ceramics or geopolymers or as low temperature hydrated alumosilicate glass.

Several authors (eg Davidovits J .: "Properties of geopolymer cements", Proc. 1 ^st Intern.Conf. "Alkaline Cements and Concretes, vol.1., P.131-150, VIPOL Stock Comp. Kiev 1994, Davidovits J ., "Geopolymers - Inorganic Polymeric New Materials", J. Therm. Anal. 37, p. 1633-1656, 1991, Davidovits J .: "Chemistry of Geopolymeric Systems, Terminology", Proc. Geopolymer Inter.Conf. (1999) Van Jaarsveld JGS, Van Deventer JSJ, Lorenzen L .: The Potential Use of Geoplymeric Materials to Immobilize Toxic Materials', Part I., Miner. Eng. 10, 659-669 (1997), Part II, 12, 7591 ( 1999)) assume that the most important factor in the alkaline activation of latent hydraulic fluids is the Si / Al ratio, respectively. alkali concentration or SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O ratio.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, our research has shown that in addition to these factors, the penetration of Ca atoms in addition to the penetration of Al atoms into the SiO ₄ lattice in the fly ash plays an important role.

Geopolymer ash-based binder for the production of slurries, mortars and concretes or waste fixation, containing 70 to 94% by weight a fly ash with a surface area of 150 to 600 m ² / kg of 5 to 15 wt.%, an alkaline activator composed of a mixture of an alkali hydroxide and an alkali silicate, for example water glass, which activator contains 5 to 15 wt. Me ₂ O and has a SiO ₂ / Me ₂ O ratio in the range of 0.6 to 1.5, where Me is Na or K, according to the invention consists of 1 to 15% calcium compound such as CaCO ₃ , CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ , CaSO ₄ , CaSO ₄ .2 H ₂ O, Ca (OH) ₂ , ground limestone, ground gypsum, ground dolomitic limestone, chemical waste gypsum, desulphurization waste gypsum, concrete recycled concrete.

Preferably, the calcium compound has a particle size of 1 to 200 µm.

It is preferred that the fly ash contains more than 3 wt. % CaO, preferably more than 8 wt. CaO. Mixtures of low-calcium ash with a CaO content of less than 3% by weight may be used. % and high calcined fly ash with a CaO content of more than 3 wt.

In the production of slurries, mortars and concretes, or waste fixation, the geopolymer binder is used such that the mixing water / (fly ash + calcium compound) ratio is 0.25 to 0.4.

For processing the geopolymer binder according to the invention into slurries, mortars and concretes, or for fixing waste, a suitable filler is crushed limestone or dolomitic limestone in fractions from 0.1 to 32 mm.

The fillers for the preparation of concrete using the geopolymer binder according to the invention are preferably oxides of Fe, barite or other radioactive radiation shielding material and / or inorganic and organic materials containing heavy metals such as Zn, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zr, Pb, Ni, U, or substances from the treatment of minerals and mining activities, fir branches.

In the manufacture of concrete or waste fixation, the mixture of geopolymer binder, mixing water and, if appropriate, filler is placed in molds and allowed to cure at temperatures of 20 to 95 ° C.

When the Al atoms enter the SiO ₄ lattice in the fly ash, a negative charge occurs on the O atom, which is compensated by the Na * ion. In the presence of Ca-containing substances, the atoms also penetrate into the SiO ₄ lattice. In this case, the negative charge on the O atoms is compensated by the Ca ²⁺ ion, but there is an ion bond in the structure. This results in higher interconnectivity in the -SiO-Al-O-Si structure, resulting in higher strength materials. The increase in the strength of the ash-based geopolymer is achieved by a calcium-based additive such as CaCCA CaMg (CC> 3) 2. CaSO ₄ , CaSO ₄ .2 H ₂ O, Ca (OH) ₂ , gypsum, dolomitic limestone, waste gypsum from chemical production, waste gypsum from desulphurisation processes, concrete recycled concrete. An increase in the CaO content of the fly ash is also positively demonstrated. An increase in strength is possible while simultaneously reducing the total alkali content and reducing the NaOH content of the alkaline activator, as is known in the known methods for preparing these materials. The reduction of the alkali content and in particular the reduction of the additional addition of NaOH for the treatment of Ms is significant in terms of handling this binder.

The binder consisting of fly ash, alkaline activator (a mixture of alkali hydroxide and silicate) and the calcium substance solidifies at temperatures of 20 to 95 ° C, with optimum conditions for short-term thermal treatment at 50 to 80 ° C in an open atmosphere.

The binder is suitable for the preparation of slurries, mortars and concrete and for fixation of inorganic and other wastes. As part of the binder, it is possible to use waste CaSO ₄ from chemical or desulphurisation processes and then recycled concrete Grain fractions after crushing used concrete).

As aggregates, conventional aggregates for the production of mortars and concretes, preferably crushed limestone or dolomitic limestone, can be used for this type of binder.

The geopolymer binder is also useful for the preparation of materials for shielding radioactive radiation, for example for the preparation of heavy concrete or masses containing, in maximum amounts, shielding agents such as Fe oxides, barite and others.

The geopolymer binder can be used to fix inorganic and organic wastes, waste materials containing heavy metals such as e.g. Zn, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zr, Pb, Ni, U

Ί radioactive waste. These materials are useful in admixture with a geopolymer binder as a filler instead of conventional aggregates for mortar and concrete preparation.

The geopolymer binder according to the invention represents a new type of inorganic binder which enables the treatment of inorganic waste - fly ash - as a raw material. The fly ash is still used as a part of Portland cements or as a part of concrete mixtures. A considerable part of the waste ash is stored or mixed with the waste gypsum and deposited e.g. in exhausted areas. The mixing of fly ash with gypsum waste (e.g. from desulphurization processes) is essentially uneconomical, since the gypsum waste (from the desulphurization processes by limestone method) contains Ca derived from a non-returnable raw material, which is limestone. Waste ash storage is an environmental problem as there is a potential possibility of leaching heavy metals from the ash. Furthermore, the storage of ashes as waste is uneconomical because of the “hidden” part of the thermal energy generated by coal burning in power plants.

The geopolymer binder according to the invention represents the possibility of using a mixture of ash and gypsum to a significantly higher level than depositing the mixture in landfills.

The geopolymer binder according to the invention does not require an energy-intensive production process in comparison with other inorganic binders, in particular Portland cement. Portland cement production involves an energy-intensive process of preparing raw materials (extraction, crushing, grinding and mixing several raw material components) and subsequent firing to temperatures of 1450 ° C. Cement production also involves energy-intensive grinding of clinker. These energy and raw material-intensive processes in the production of the geopolymer binder of the present invention are eliminated because the basic raw material is a waste electric fly ash - there is no need to basically grind or control (although this is possible to optimize the binder properties) and is firing. Short-term heating to temperatures of up to 60-90 ° C is sufficient to optimize the properties of the binder of the invention, or even in some cases this heating is not necessary.

The geopolymer binder according to the invention is a new type of inorganic binder, which in principle does not produce CO ₂ emissions because, unlike the production of Portland cement or lime, limestone burning (as part of the raw material mixture) is not required. This binder then presents the prospect of reducing “greenhouse gas” emissions, the main producers of which besides the metallurgical and power generation industries are cement and lime kilns.

Another significant environmental aspect of the geopolymer binder according to the invention is the possibility of fixing waste materials and substances containing heavy metals.

EXAMPLES

Example 1.

For the preparation of slurry, mortars and concretes from geopolymer binder a power fly ash with the composition in weight% was used:

SiO ₂ AI ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O 3 CaO MgO Sat ₃ K ₂ O Na ₂ O TiO ₂ p ₂ o ₅ Sp. substances 53,79 32.97 5.51 1.84 0.92 0.46 1.76 0.37 2.1 0.15 0.74

The term "Sp. substances' means combustible substances.

The alkaline activator was prepared from 25.98 wt. % SiO ₂ , 15.49 wt. % Na ₂ O and 58.53 wt. H ₂ O. The Na ₂ O content (based on the weight of fly ash / fly ash + calcium), the alkaline activator module Ms = SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O was adjusted by the addition of NaOH. The aqueous coefficient of the mixture w = the weight of H ₂ O / (weight of fly ash + lime) was adjusted by adding the appropriate amount of water to the alkaline activator. The alkaline activator dissolved in water was mixed with the fly ash and the optional filler. The mixture was placed in molds and subjected to temperature conditions ranging from 20 to 95 ° C according to the data in the following tables. The strength of these compositions was tested 2 and 28 days after preparation.

Example 2.

A slurry (without filler addition) w = 0.26 with good workability was prepared from the fly ash of Example 1. The alkaline activator had a Ms = 0.8 and the Na ₂ O content was 8 wt. 4% wt. ground limestone. The slurry started to set after 2 hours.

Example 3.

From the fly ash of Example 1, mortars were prepared using a 0-2 mm sand of filler. To the fly ash was added lime, which was ground limestone with a particle size of up to 80 mm, ground dolomitic limestone with a particle size of up to 150 µm, and waste gypsum with a particle size of up to 30 µm. The limestone contained more than 95 wt. CaCO ₃ , dolomitic limestone contained more than 90 wt. CaCO 3 + MgCO 3, gypsum A contained more than 97 wt. CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O, gypsum B contained more than 93 wt. CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O. Compositions without calcium addition correspond to known methods, e.g. according to US 5,601,643 and CZ 289,735.

Na ₂ O (%) ms W time and temperature heat processed. popolčelepieso to additive to popolčeku strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) 7.75 1.06 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% limestone 55.2 57.7 7.75 1.06 0.32 12 hours, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 without additive 32.0 43.9 7.19 1.43 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% limestone 30.2 45.8 7.19 1.43 0.32 12 h, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 without additive 26.2 30.1 8.31 0.74 0.32 12 hours, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 without additive 38 53.9 5.43 1 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 2 10% limestone 22.5 28.5 5.43 1 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 2 without additive 12.8 14.2 7 1 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% limestone 15.5 19.6 13.5 0.7 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 without additive 43.2 46.2 13 1 0.32 5 h, 90 ° C 1: 1.5 10% limestone 38 40.2 10 1.06 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% dolomitic limestone 42.9 48.9 10 1.1 0.35 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% gypsum 20.7 24.5 10 1.1 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 5% gypsum B 37.8 42.3 10 1.1 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% gypsum B 24.7 25.8

Example 4.

A mortar was prepared from the fly ash according to Example 1, where the filler used was a sand of fraction 0-2 mm. To the fly ash was added cement recyclate, which was a fraction of 0 to 0.5 mm of crushed cement concrete, respectively. of crushed aerated concrete.

Na ₂ O (%) ms W time and temperature heat processed. popolčektpieso to additive to ash strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) 10 0.95 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% cement recycled of crushed concrete 47.0 56.9 10 0.95 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 10% recycled of crushed aerated 34 46.1

Example 5.

Mortar with 10 wt. gypsum B according to Example 4 had an onset of solidification after 1.5 hours. at 20 ° C.

Example 6.

Concrete was prepared from the fly ash according to Example 1, using 0 - 4 mm limestone grit as aggregate. The start of solidification of this concrete at 20 ° C was more than 24 hours. For comparison concrete was prepared from standard aggregate 0-4 mm. The ratio of fly ash to filler was 1: 1.5.

Na ₂ O (%) ms W time and temperature heat processing filler strength 2 days (MPa) 10 0.8 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C limestone pulp 45.1 10 0.8 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C standard aggregates for concrete production 30.0

Example 7.

For the preparation of the slurry w = 0.30 fly ash of the composition:

SiO ₂ ai ₂ o ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO MgO Sat ₃ K ₂ O Na ₂ O TiO ₂ P ₂ O ₅ Sp. substances 48.8 25.3 14.5 4.2 1.58 1.64 0.76 0.96 1.15 0.23 0.60

The properties of the geopolymer are given in the table below:

Na ₂ O (%) ms w time and temperature heat processing strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) 12 0.8 0.25 24 h, 60 ° C 50.2 58.7

Example 8.

For the preparation of the mortar, a mixture of fly ash according to Example 1 and fly ash A was used, the composition of which is given in the table:

SiO ₂ AI ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO MgO Sat ₃ K ₂ O Na ₂ O TiO ₂ p ₂ o ₅ Sp. substances 51,82 28.3 4.1 8.2 2.0 0.46 1.76 0.37 2.1 0.15 0.74

Properties of mortars are shown in the table:

Na ₂ O (%) ms w time and temperature heat processing ash: sand Type ash strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) 10 0.8 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 ash by of Example 1 55.2 57.7 10 0.8 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 1: 1.5 ash according to example 1 + popolček A in a ratio 1: 1 60.1 63.5

Example 9.

For the preparation of the mixture was used fly ash composition:

SiO ₂ AI ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO MgO SO ₃ K ₂ O Na ₂ O TiO ₂ p ₂ o ₅ Sp. substances 48,8 25.3 14.5 4.2 1.58 1.64 0.76 0.96 1.15 0.23 0.60

and dust waste.

Dust waste composition A:

S1O2 AI2O3 Fe2O ₃ CaO MgO SO ₃ K2O Na2O T1O2 P2O5 Cl2O ₃

15.11 3.18 55.07 11.80 9.86 1.14 0.12 0.22 0.09 0.19 0.25

Dust waste composition B:

SÍO ₂ Al2O3 Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO MgO ZnO PbO Na ₂ O TiO ₂ p ₂ o ₅ Cr ₂ O3 6.23 1.25 34,11 4,2 6.10 35.2 8.90 0.22 0.09 0.19 3.51

The properties of the mixtures are given in the table below:

Na ₂ O (%) ms W time and temperature heats. processed. filler Contents dust waste strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) 10 0.8 0.30 8 hr, 60 ° C 5% limestone drf 20% waste 12.6 21.9 10 0.8 0.30 24 h, 80 ° C 5% limestone drf 30% waste 30.8 33.2 10 0.8 0.30 24 h, 80 ° C 5% limestone drf 30% wastes 15.2 28.1

Example 10.

Compositions for shielding radioactive radiation were prepared from the fly ash of Example 1.

Na ₂ O (%) ms W time and temperature filler content shading ingredients strength 2 days (MPa) strength 28 days (MPa) heat processing 10 0.9 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 5% limestone brash 35% Fe ₂ O ₃ 18.6 25.8 10 0.9 0.32 12 hr, 70 ° C 5% limestone drf 20% barite 12.8 18.5

Industrial usability

The invention is useful in the construction industry

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Fly ash-based geopolymer binder for the production of pulp, mortars and concretes or waste fixation containing 70 to 94% power fly ash with a surface area of 150 to 600 m ² / kg of 5 to 15% alkaline activator composed of a mixture of alkali hydroxide and alkali silicate; % water glass, wherein the activator comprises 5 to 15 wt. Me ₂ O and has a SiO ₂ / Me ₂ O ratio in the range of 0.6 to 1.5, wherein Me is Na or K, characterized in that it contains 1 to 15 wt. calcium compounds such as CaCCb, CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ , CaSO ₄ , CaSO ₄ .2 H ₂ O, Ca (OH) ₂ , ground limestone, ground gypsum, ground dolomitic limestone, chemical waste gypsum, desulphurisation waste gypsum processes, cement recycled concrete. Geopolymer binder according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium compound has a particle size of 1 to 200 µm. 3. The geopolymer binder according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash contains more than 3 wt. % CaO, preferably more than 8 wt. CaO. Geopolymer binder according to claim 1, characterized in that the fly ash is a mixture of low-calcium fly ash with a CaO content of less than 3% by weight. % and high calcined fly ash with a CaO content of more than 3 wt. The method of using the geopolymer binder according to claim 1, characterized in that in the production of slurries, mortars and concretes or waste fixation the ratio of the mixing water with the binder is 0.25 to 0.4. 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that crushed limestone or dolomitic limestone in fractions from 0.1 to 32 mm is used as filler in the production of slurries, mortars and concretes or waste fixation. Use method according to claim 5, characterized in that the fillers for the preparation of concrete are Fe oxides, barite or other material for shielding radioactive radiation. Use method according to claim 5, characterized in that the fillers for the preparation of concrete are inorganic and organic materials containing heavy metals selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zr, Pb, Ni, U, or a mineral treatment substance. and mining activities, floodplains. The method of using the geopolymer binder according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing water is mixed with the binder in a ratio of 0.25 to 0.4, the mixture is placed in molds and allowed to cure at temperatures of 20 to 95 ° C. The method of using a geopolymer binder according to claim 9, characterized in that the mixture of the mixing water and the binder is homogenized with the filler before being placed in the molds.