SK296A3 - Load transporting pallet - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE95/00571 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 27, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 27, 1995 PCT Filed Apr. 28, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/30587 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 16, 1995A load transporting pallet made of paper, cardboard and/or cellulose fiber waste is disclosed. In order to improve the carrying capacity of such pallets, a supplementary reinforcement layer made of recyclable material is arranged between both layers that form the carrying surface and the mounting fee. The reinforcement layer is provided with passages distributed throughout its whole surface and through which the top and bottom layers are interconnected by their opposite rough surfaces.

Description

Cargo pallets

Technical field

The invention relates to a pallet of paper, cardboard and / or cellulose fiber waste for the transport of goods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such two-layer pallets are known, for example, according to the German utility model 94 13 164, which are produced by the suction mold process. '<Other relevant state of the art refers to the following forms:

German utility model 91 00 014 and 73 03 5C2 also for German patent 29 18 573 C2. For the suction mold process, reference is made to European patent C 516 076 and US patent 867,389.

It is questionable what load capacity each pallet has according to German patent 29 18 573 C2 e German utility model 91 00 014 of 73 03 502. However, as far as the pallets are produced by a particularly advantageous suction mold process, these are not perfect due to their loadability. The pallet according to the German utility model 94 13 164 can also be reinforced e.g. however, it has been shown that the layers cannot be firmly bonded to one another. This problem would arise if a strength-enhancing interlayer were inserted between the molded articles made according to US patent 867,389, since the molded articles produced by the suction mold process each have one relatively smooth, rigid and wear filter structure showing the side by one rough, i.e., rough. no. fiber side. Only these rough sides can be sufficiently firmly connected to each other, as is also used in the US

- 2 patents 867,339 ·

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a pallet which can be produced by a suction mold process which can be loaded with higher loads and whose layers are firmly connected to the suction mold despite the use of the process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a pallet comprising a two-layer bearing surface with cup-shaped parking feet formed on the ground side open towards the supporting surface, the supporting surface and the feet being made of recyclable paper, cardboard and / or cellulosic fiber waste by the carrier mold process, and, crucially, a further reinforcing layer formed from the recyclable material is provided between the two layers forming the support surface 8 of the support leg and is distributed over the entire surface. perforated holes through which the upper and lower layers are connected to each other by their opposing rough surfaces.

In this case, the preferred embodiment is one in which the ermovec layer is formed by a process with a suction mold of the same material if? upper and lower layer, with holes and molded legs. Since the ^- preferred such further embodiment consist in that the walls of the trunk 'legs reinforcing layer also have punched holes, the material of the reinforcing layer is mixed with a biodegradable binder and curing agent, and the top and / or bottom layer has a transverse "and / or longitudinal ribs, all of which will be explained in more detail individually.

In addition to this preferred embodiment of the pallet, other non-erosion layers may be used. recyclable materials, which will also be clarified. However, it remains to be understood that the reinforcing layer has perforations through which the upper and lower layers can be firmly joined to each other by their opposed rough, fibrous surfaces by felting, which still occurs in the wet state, followed by drying.

The pallet according to the invention, the advantageous further embodiments and the method for producing them will be explained in more detail below on the basis of a graphical representation of exemplary embodiments.

Fig. show:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section along line I-I in FIG. 2 in an embodiment of a pallet;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the ondia pallet; FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pallet along line III-III in FIG. 2;

Fig. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line IIIA-IIIA of FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of two cross-sectional cross-sections;

Fig. 5A-C in section (A), partial section (B) and side view (C) of the pallet stand;

Fig. 6A, B a partial sectional view of a pallet in another embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a cardboard blank forming a reinforcing layer;

FIG. S 'is a cross-sectional view of a cardboard cut-out in the form of a pallet leg bushing according to FIG. 6A;

Fig. 9 shows a cross-section of a pallet in a preferred embodiment;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the feeding layer of the pallet of FIG. 9;

Fig. 10A is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of the connecting region along line XA-XA of FIG. 9;

Fig. 11 shows a perspective further embodiment of a pallet;

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the pallet taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11;

Fig. 13 is a side view of a pallet manufacturing apparatus;

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the dipping tank of FIG. 13;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of three layers prior to joining them together; and FIG. 16 shows three perspective layers according to FIG. 15 after connection.

In total, the following is anticipated:

The suction mold sections S of the suction molds 108 and 109 shown in FIG. 13 and 14 correspond to the forms of the pallet forming layers 12 and 2 shown in FIG. 1 - 6B and 9, 10. These layers 1 and 2 are designed such that on one side they can be retracted by the surfaces S of the suction mold on the other side. The resulting depressions of the walls IftT of the lower layer 2 do not exist on the surface S of the suction mold of the bottom suction mold 109, but do not occur until the two layers 2 and 2 have been pressed together.

- 5 with a given reinforcing layer 5 ,. The molding process itself does not need any further explanation, as it is known in principle, to produce molded products (here both layers 1 and 2), which exhibit a single wide smooth side (depiction of the structure of the screen S of the suction mold) and one rough side. The layers a 2 are joined by their rough, facing surfaces while also binding the reinforcing layer 5, i. This means that pallets with reinforcement have smooth surfaces on the outside.

For the pallet according to the first embodiment, reference is made to FIG. 1 to 4. It is important for this floor that the reinforcing layer 5 is made of a partition wall. The gratings 7 of the cross-sections θ are rectangular in cross-section and oriented by their main axis 8 "perpendicular to the support surface 3, wherein in the lower layer 2 bearing grooves S corresponding to the grid of the cross-grate 7 are formed. - 8 / see fig. 3 /.

Referring to FIG. 4, the partitions 8 forming the partition grille 7 _{S are} provided with one another. slots 8 'arranged in the grid module of the grid. These partitions 3 have a height H of, for example, 25-35 mm and a width of, for example, 5 mm, and may also have perforations 6. Instead of cardboard, these partitions may also be formed, for example, of pressed fibreboard blanks. bendable, not usable for armored sleeves connecting to the parking legs 4. If the parking legs 4 have been additionally reinforced against the upright vertical engagement therein, preferably the backsheet 2 is provided with short hollow ribs 11 in the region of the throat of its parking legs 4. extending outwardly, evenly distributed over their circumference. As shown in FIG. 5C highlighted in black, may also be planned in the direction

- 6 inwardly extending hollow ribs 11 which may extend over the entire height. The outwardly extending hollow ribs 11 are dimensioned slightly longer than the height H of the crossbars 8, the ribs 11 constituting the abutment stops when stacking such pallets in stacks, as shown in FIG. 5A, B), which facilitates the removal of individual pallets from the stack, which otherwise, without such stops, can be too tightly pressed together and are difficult to release from each other.

The crossbar 7 is shown in FIG. 2 is highlighted by dotted lines and allows the entire pallet to have a high degree of bending stability, since the individual bars 8, here with their main axis vertically oriented, have a high bending resistance moment in this direction. Advantageously, and as most of FIG. 3A, it is evident that two strips of the crossbeam are placed side by side for one crossbeam so that a larger width is provided for the bottom layer 3 to measure the bearing grooves 9 on the non-suction mold, whereby the required sowing pressure may be better in such a wide groove. more over the entire surface, except that such wide grooves can be realized more easily on a non-absorbent mold. In between the partitions. 8 and also the peripheral regions E abut both layers 12, 2 with their rough surfaces when the bar grid 7 is applied, which is crucial for the two layers 12, 2 in this area to be felted together or joined together in this area. Free space bar. the grids 7 thus form perforated holes 6 in this embodiment.

The embodiment of FIG. 6, 7 differs from the foregoing in that at the same time a blank 14 of cardboard or molded fibreboard is provided between the two pallet carcass layers 12, 2, while in the support surface 1, and surrounding it at least partially with recesses 6 ^W support throats 12 of the parking feet 4 / fig.

It has holes or punched holes 6 for which a diameter of about 20-35 mm has proved to be effective with regard to the sufficiently rigid connection of the layers. Even in this embodiment, the support legs 4, as shown in FIG. 6A (which also applies to the above-described embodiment) reinforced by a reinforcing sleeve T0 between the layers 6, 2. In order to have a perforated cross section having a lower bending resistance moment as a planar structure than the previously described crossbeam grid 7, the same or approximately the same bending resistance moment, in the lower layer 2 are formed receiving grooves 9 into which the bars 8 arranged on the blanks 14 extend; these partitions are as shown in FIG. 6B, for example, rectangularly broken carton strips that are joined in a suitable manner (e.g., by stapling or gluing) to the blank.

The embodiment according to FIG. 9 and 10. Accordingly, the reinforcing layer 5 'shown in plan view in FIG. 10 is a layer with formed legs 4 formed by a process with a suction mold of the same material as the upper and lower layers 7, 2. In order to impart greater strength to this reinforcing layer, its material is preferably mixed with a biodegradable binder and hardener, for example, wheat or rice starch.

It is absolutely important, in all embodiments, that the layers 4 and 2 are pressed together when the reinforcement layer is retained in the wet state, so that the rough areas of the surface areas of the layers 2 can be directed against each other through the openings 6 of the reinforcement layer 5. felting together or stuck together, as is strongly highlighted in FIG. 10A. The sharp, only suction screen structure having the surface areas of the layers J. e 2 ε of the reinforcing layer 5 are indicated by the letter F and the rough surfaces by the letter F1 and the connection area by the letter £. This also applies to the embodiment of FIG. 11 and 12, wherein the reinforcing layer 5 is also produced by a carrier mold process. In this embodiment, the pallet also consists of both layers 2, on which the support legs 4 are formed in a cup-like manner in the corners of the corners. In addition, the ribs 15, 16 which cross the longitudinal and transverse ribs 15 &apos; the structure is only an example; That is, considerably more ribs can be envisaged in a denser arrangement relative to each other, while it is also possible to occupy only selected areas with a denser arrangement of ribs. The ribs can also be arranged along the edges of the pallet. It is not shown that there is a possibility in which the rib-like structures on the two layers 2 are alternately arranged, in this case conceivable. If, as shown, the topsheet 15 has such longitudinal and transverse ribs 15, 16, these or the pallet may be covered with an engraving layer 17 which is suitably bonded firmly to the pallet, for example by gluing or stapling or the like. In order to achieve the stacking rigidity of such a pallet, which is usually required for storage and transport reasons, the cover layer 17 is provided with cut-outs 13 that the garment legs 4 of the next pallet can interfere with the openings 19 of the underlying pallet. FIG. 12 correspond approximately to the actual ratios, i. characterized in that the wall thicknesses of the layers 1, 2 and the reinforcing layer 5 achieved by the suction mold are approximately 5 to 10 mm. It is essential that the hollow ribs HE are not longitudinal and transverse ribs 15, 16 or 15 * 16, as is shown by the dashed line shown in FIG. 12, since such ribs, even if δ are usable, are not as stable as those actually planned massive ribs, which arise with the respective form of the suction screen, i. This means that the grooves in the suction strainer must be so wide and high that the grooves can be completely filled in the suction mold process.

The pallet manufacturing apparatus in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 13, namely with reference numerals of 100 denoting a tank no slurry which is connected via a line 101 through a premix tank 102 to a dip tank 103. Excess water having passed through line 101 'back into the tank 104 to the water, which is connected to the pre-mix tank 102 through line 1 02 ^of. In the frame 105 of the device, above the dipping tank 103 there are arranged guides 066, on which two holders 107 for upper suction molds 108 are guided in a sliding manner. These suction molds 108 are mounted on holders 107 movably up and down. The lower suction mold 109 is also arranged up and down movably in the dipping tank 103, downstream of which is a transfer path 110 in which finished pallets are conveyed to a conveyor belt 111 that runs through a drying tunnel 112. In front of the dipping tank 103 there is in the apparatus frame 105, the feed device 113 for the reinforcing layer 5 'of FIG. 9 and 10, ^{in the} Torah is produced in another, not shown here the container but also dipping procedure with suction through who whirl slurry liquid is mixed with the pre-mentioned binder.

In order to form the upper layer 12, the two suction molds 10 and 10 are completely immersed in the cassette 114 present in the dipping tank 103, but they are sufficiently spaced from each other so that the two layers 12, 2 can be formed by the suction process. During this process, the feeding device 113 prepares reinforcing layer 2 · inside, and forming of the upper layers J_ upper suction mold 108 is based on tank dipping and leads through Dodávocíe device 113 and pushes the located therein reinforcing layer 2 "P ^ri" What a vacuum is maintained on the suction mold 109. Now with the top layer j. while the suction reinforcing layer 5 'is moved over the dipping tank 103 again, it is immersed and pressed onto the lower layer _2t which lies on the lower suction mold 109. When picking up the interconnected three layers, the slot completely maintains the vacuum of the suction mold 109 has now been sucked out of the three-layer molded article as much water as possible. After being lifted from the soaking tank 103, the vacuum on the lower suction mold 109 is disconnected and the maximum vacuum is maintained on the now three-layer molded article on the upper suction mold 103, which is moved with its holder * 107. to the transfer path 110 ~, by means of pressure switching, it postpones or blows to the conveyor belt 111 and transports it to the drying tunnel 112, which leaves the three-layer product at the other end 112 * as a finished flight. As can be seen, there are two holders 107 with one upper suction mold 109 in the apparatus. Thus, the suction molds 109 alternate, i. The upper suction mold 108 with the topsheet 48 produced above the feed device 113 for the reinforcing layer 52 is followed by the three layers in the continuous operation of the three layers in and above the dipping tank 103. Thereafter, the two holders 1C7 are pushed to the right, whereby a further lower layer 2 is already produced on the lower suction mold 109. During the deposition of the finished pallet onto the conveyor belt 111, the upper layer 1 and the reinforcing layer 5 'settle on the lower layer 2 as described. the two holders 107 are led back with the empty upper suction mold 103 over the transfer device 113 and the soaking tank 103. Thus, the left holder 107 with its suction mold 103 takes over and reloads the reinforcing layer while the right holder 10 07 * with its suction mold 108 translates upwardly the three-layer product, transporting the transfer path 110 and depositing it on the conveyor belt 111.

When the two layers 2 and 2 and the reinforcing layer 5 'are lifted from the steeping tank 103, the suction mold 108 and the piping 109' will create an overpressure in the suction mold 109, which is associated with the compression of the layer-forming material 1, 2 and the reinforcing layer 5 '. In this case, in the region of the perforated holes 6, wall depressions, indicated in FIG. 6A, 6B and 10A at 7ΓΓ having a depth of approximately 2-3 mm. The thickness of the walls of the finished pallet is approximately 6-10 mm after the drying tunnel has been sealed.

The cross-sectional view of FIG. 12 shows a portion of the pallet in a wet state. In the dried state, the thickness D of the ribs 15 and 16 corresponds approximately to the thickness S * of the two layers 1 and 2, and the height H ^{9 of the} wall is approximately two to four times the thickness D.

In FIG. 15 is a perspective view of partial regions of two layers 12, 2 and a reinforcing layer 5 ' in the wet state before they are joined together and FIG. 16 shows a part of the pallet in an interconnected state. The upper layer is a particular embodiment, since the latter has a relatively high peripheral edge by which the pallet formed in this way can also be used for the transport of bulk materials.

As one can imagine, could the reinforcement layer 5 'and the lower layer j simultaneously? also peripheral edges 1 '. Finally, FIG. 15 and 16, the corresponding parts have corresponding reference numerals. The reinforcing layer 5 'is made on non-suction molds S, which are formed such that the reinforcing layer 5' immediately integrally has a transverse grating 7, previously described in FIG. 1 and 2, and the backsheet 6 also includes an integrally matching negative structure of hollow ribs 9 * with intersecting grooves 9 in which a crossbar 7 adjoins.

Claims (14)

PATENT CLAIMS A pallet consisting of a support surface (3) consisting of two layers (1, 2) with cup-shaped parking feet (4) formed on the ground side and open towards the support surface (3), the support surface (3) e the parking feet (4) are formed from recyclable waste, cardboard and / or cellulose fiber wastes with a suction mold, characterized in that between the two supporting surface layers (1, 26) and the parking feet (4) j) a further reinforcing layer (5), which is also made of recyclable material, is arranged and has perforated openings (6) distributed over the whole surface, through which the upper and lower layers (1, 2) are connected to each other by their rough surfaces facing each other. fl /. Pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the total area of the punched holes (6) corresponds to at least half the size of the bearing surface (3). Pallet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (5) is formed by a transverse grating (7) of transverse cross-sections (36) and oriented by its principal axis (S ") perpendicular to the supporting surface (3), wherein in the lower layer (2) there are formed grooves (9) corresponding to the grid of the transverse grid (7), which in cross section correspond to the height (H) and the width (B) of the bars. Pallet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing layer / 5 / is a carton blank or the blank _material of the hard fibers. · A pallet according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that between the parking legs (4) of the upper and lower layers (1, 2) there is arranged a form corresponding to the armor sleeve (10) and this also has perforations (6). 7 in the wall. Pallet according to claim 4, characterized in that the armor layer (5) has on the underside a partition (87) which extends into the receiving grooves (5) formed on the bottom layer (2). Pallet according to claim 3 or 6, characterized in that the partitions (8) also have perforations (6). Pallet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (5) is a layer (57) with the support legs formed (4) formed of the same material as the upper and lower layers (1, 2) by the process. with suction mold. Pallet according to claim 8, characterized in that the walls (47) of the supporting legs (4) of the reinforcing layer (57) also have perforations (6). Pallet according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the material of the reinforcement layer (57) is mixed with a biodegradable binder a. hardener. Pallet according to claim 8, characterized in that longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (15, 16) are formed on the lower and / or upper layer (1, 2) ^{in a} surface (F) having a carrier mesh structure, the thickness of which (D) has a size arrangement of the thickness (S ') of both layers (1, 2) and of which height (H)? corresponds to two to four times their thickness (D). Pallet according to claim 11, characterized in that a planar cover layer (17) of the same or other recyclable material is provided on the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (15, 16) of the upper layer (1). as cardboard blank or the like. Stage pallet according to claim 12, characterized in that the covering layer (17) has cut-outs (13) corresponding to the form of openings in the region of the upwardly open legs (4). Pallet according to claim 8, characterized in that a cross-grille (7) is formed with the reinforcing layer (5 *) and the lower layer (2) has a corresponding negative hollow rib structure (7). / into which the shank grip (7) intervenes. Pallet according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least the upper layer (1) has a peripheral edge (1 *).