SK138794A3 - Method of coating of paint matters by dipping and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for immersion-painting, in particular for the electrophoretic immersion-painting of material to be painted (47) with a paint trough (1) and with a conveyor band (2) or a suspended conveyor (49) having pallets (5) guided through the paint trough (1) and intended for the material to be painted. <IMAGE>

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method for the application of coating compositions by dipping and to an apparatus for carrying out the method, in particular to an apparatus for applying paint to objects by electrophoresis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In a known device of this kind, as described in German Patent 41 42 997, articles of the lacquer bath are transported by a lamellar conveyor belt guided through chain wheels. The slats are arranged upright on the cross bars connected to each other by drive chains and separated from each other by spacers. Each slat has different high teeth on which the product to be coated lies. This conveyor belt has the advantage that at the passage from one conveyor to the other, the protruding finger-like ends of the lamellae engage in the gaps between the finger-like ends of the downstream conveyor belt, thereby ensuring the careful sale of objects without damaging them. When the conveyor belt is obliquely introduced into the paint pan from which it then extends at the return point, the painted regions of the return point are folded so that the original locations of these objects can then be rinsed without any rinsing and thus completely de-lacquered. This known oblique object in the installation of obstacles has proven successful, but it is not always possible to cover objects without scratching and the places where the object has been deposited are visible in the lacquer.

In addition, a varnish is deposited on the conveyor belts, the layer of which is constantly increasing, since the slats are difficult to clean during operation. Therefore, the conveyor belts and hence the entire coating system must be shut down from time to time in order to repair any damage and to remove dirt, which results in a production failure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention solves the problem of providing a varnishing device of the type described above which can be used to paint objects flawlessly, in particular without scratches, and at the highest device comprises a bath for a varnishing bath and a pallet conveyor containing varnished objects. Individual pallets can be of relatively large dimensions. The painted objects lie exclusively on the pallets so that there are no relative movements between the pallets and the painted objects when passing through the bathtub or when transported at the operating points. This will safely prevent damage to the paintwork.

The pallet conveyor may consist of at least one conveyor belt with pallets placed thereon, or it may be designed as a suspension track with support arms for holding the pallets and transporting them through the paint bath. The pallets can be removed easily and individually for cleaning or repair without having to stop the transporter.

To ensure that the pallets are guided when passing through the bath with a bath, the conveyor belt may be guided into the bath with its upper arm and its lower arm under the bath, and side (side) guiding elements may be provided in the bath area to guide the pallets into the bath. bath and drain. To this end, two parallel toothed belt-shaped conveyor belts are provided for this purpose, which form a support by the pallet side pin and are equipped with grippers extending beyond the pins.

The pallets may consist of a frame and a grate therein made of slats provided with sawtooth toothing, on which the lacquered slats rest on a point. In this way, the objects are completely lacquered, with the exception of their point placement. To ensure that objects of different and irregular contours are securely seated, the saw teeth may have different heights.

In the case of electrophoretic dip coating, which requires direct current for both the paint and the article to be coated, on both sides of the pallets and above the conveyor belt or toothed belts, insulating material guide rails may be provided for guiding the pallet side pins and at least part of their length may be provided with contact brushes for contacting the pallet side pins. These touch brushes make electrical contact to the pallets and thus to the painted objects.

In addition to the bathtub with a lacquer bath, a paint drying apparatus may be provided, equipped with infrared radiators. The pallet conveyor may consist of one tub-continuously guided portion and the other a drying device in the bar-guided portion, and a transfer device may be provided between the two portions.

The transfer device may consist of a parallelogram guided pivot frame with holders for gripping the pallet pins during transfer. The transfer device is controlled so that it takes over the pallet to be transported at a continuous speed in the bath with a bath and transfers it to the tactile part of the conveyor in the drying device.

To achieve a space-saving design, at least one vertical conveyor for at least one pallet and a horizontal conveyor for removing pallets from the drying device may be provided in the drying device. A cooling zone with a vertical conveyor can be connected to the drying device. Preferably, the vertical conveyor takes four pallets in each case, which are then conveyed in a clockwise drying device upwards, with the articles placed on them being dried, then passed to a horizontal conveyor at the top, which transports them to the cooling zone and the vertical conveyors in the cooling zone are then transported down again.

It is particularly advantageous if the pallet conveyor is an overhead conveyor arranged above the bathtub, since in this case the conveyor itself does not come into contact with the bath, only the support arms or a part thereof are immersed in the bath.

The overhead rail may consist of grippers with support arms arranged on chains or ropes. These chains extend beneath the pallets on which the objects to be painted are stored, and only a part of them is immersed in the paint bath. In order to guide the entrainers, in particular when the pallets are immersed in and removed from the varnishing bath, the entrainers may be provided with at least one guide pulley extending into the guide rails. Preferably, the grippers are provided with a guide roller mounted at the ends of two angled gripping guide arms, one of which is intended to guide the gripper horizontally and the other to guide the gripper in a vertical plane. This solution is feasible by means of at least 1 trapezoidal rail frame, the lower horizontal rail of which is guided from outside the paint track.

It is advantageous if there is a roller guided between the driven chains or the driven rope and the carrier which guides the pallets in the coating bath without vibrations.

The grippers may consist of a frame and support arms with guide arms.

In order to keep the conveyor free of current, it is advantageous if the support arms are electrically insulated from the other parts of the conveyor and / or the carrier frames, and electrical contact elements arranged in the area of the paint bath tub and interfering with the travel path can then be used. support arms, such as touch brushes.

In order to ensure that they have a high-quality lacquer coating, which is finished in a pallet-dipping bath, which is partially dipped into the paint bath, these objects can also be painted twice. The second painting may take place in the same painting bath by passing the article through the painting bath a second time or through the painting bath contained in another painting pan.

In order to save space in the case of double painting, the pallets can be guided by means of two conveyors not only through the paint pan, but also through a drying device and a cooling zone. One pallet conveyor is then used for pre-painting and the other for painting. Another conveyor belt for pre-painted articles is guided from the outlet of the drying device or cooling zone to the beginning of the refinishing conveyor belt, and another conveyor belt for empty pallets is guided from the outlet of the drying device or cooling zone to the beginning of the conveyor belt of the pre-painting pallets. Painted objects thus pass twice through the paint pan, the drying device and possibly the cooling zone. In this way, a double coating of the objects with a lacquer is carried out. A transfer device may be provided between the conveyors.

There is no need to use a cooling zone in the two painting processes, since the painted objects are sufficiently cooled when returning for painting.

In order to prevent gradual deposition of the lacquer on the pallets or their slats during transport, there may be objects to be painted in front of the loading device.

an apparatus for removing paint deposited on pallets. It is advantageous if the device is designed transversely to the direction of movement to remove the lacquer from at least a pallet arranged in an electrophoresis rotating wire brush. With this brush, the serrations of the slats can be applied, so that in this way the coating ensures a perfect touch.

In order to create a closed lacquer layer on the objects during painting, which also covers the points of their placement on the pallet, the painted objects can be moved after pre-painting on the pallets. This displacement is effected, in particular, by means of a device consisting of a vertically extendable and retractable lifting ridge extending between the pallet vanes and lifting the lacquered object for a short time. When the object is lifted, the pallet moves further so that the next time the lacquered object comes to rest, the object will not reach the same tooth tips. Since the object to be painted is lifted off the pallet, there are no scratches in the paint, as the objects are lifted in bulk, so that there is no contact between the objects or their relative movement during the movement.

Prior to drying, the lacquered article may be dried on one side, for example by means of infrared radiation, and optionally cooled on the other side, and may be inverted after cooling. In this case, the lacquer is cured on one side in such a way that no damage is caused to the lacquer at the points of contact or contact, after inversion and in particular during the subsequent drying.

The drying of the lacquer layer during pre-drying and / or final drying is preferably carried out by means of infrared radiation, which, depending on the current energy density, achieves short drying times. Particularly suitable are shortwave infrared rays with an energy density of 200 kW / m @ 2. A particular advantage of the drying with infrared rays is that, especially when using water-based lacquers, no bubbles are formed in the lacquer layer.

The drying time is greatly reduced if the drying is carried out in a stream of air which achieves rapid removal of diluents, such as water. The air-drying can also be carried out by other heat sources, for example in a chamber heated from the outside.

Regardless of the way in which the painted articles move through the drying area, this movement can be carried out either by means of the pallets according to the invention or also by another conveyor, for example by means of a conventional belt conveyor.

The invention also relates to a method of dip coating, according to which the articles to be coated are passed through a paint bath, pre-dried, moved, painted and dried.

In order to increase the conductivity of the lacquer after pre-painting, the lacquer layer may be ionized prior to painting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawings, wherein FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of the painting apparatus; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the painting apparatus in the plane II - II; 1, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the painting apparatus in the plane III - III; FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the dryer along line IV - IV in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a top view of the pallet; FIG. Fig. 5, FIG. 7 is in a paint pan and FIG. 1 shows a portion of a pallet according to the portion of the pallet guide shown in section through the pallet guide. In FIG.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional front view of the product transfer device; and FIG. 11 is a side view of a paint stripping device. Fig. 12 is a schematic side view of a painting apparatus with a suspension conveyor; FIG. 13 is a partial section along line XIII - XIII in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a drying apparatus for drying painted products by an infrared heater.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The soaking apparatus for dipping objects comprises a bathtub I with a paint bath, through which the upper strand 3 of the conveyor belt 2 passes. Its lower strand 4 is guided back under the bath 1 so that the conveyor is formed as a conveyor belt 2 guided above and below the bath 1. 2, pallets 5 for receiving varnished objects are arranged closely behind one another.

A continuous conveyor belt 2 is connected to another conveyor belt T, which moves in tact and is introduced into the drying device 8. Between the conveyor belt 2 and the other conveyor belt 7, a transfer device 6 is arranged,

Ί which removes the pallets 5 from the conveyor belt and transfers them to the conveyor belt 7. In the drying device 8 there is a vertical conveyor 9 consisting of parallel and vertically arranged conveyor chains whose noses are always pushed under four pallets 5, which are then transferred in tact upwards by drying device 8.

In the upper part of the dryer 8 there is a horizontal conveyor 10 with two horizontally arranged chains, which takes the pallets 5 from the dryer 8 and feeds them to another vertical conveyor 12. This further vertical conveyor 12 is arranged in a cooling zone 11 in which the pallets are 5 transported downwards. A further conveyor belt 13 is provided in the lower zone of the cooling zone 11, which transports the pallets 5 to the tipping area.

14, which tilts the varnished products from the pallets 5 into a collection container 15. The pallets 5 are then transported by means of a further vertical conveyor 16 to the area of the conveyor belt 17 moving under the drying device 8 and under the tub i. There, they are transported by means of a vertical conveyor 18 to the plane of the upper strand 3 of the conveyor belt 2, where objects to be coated are deposited thereon, and further conveyed by the conveyor belt 2 to the paint pan 1.

The coating device shown in FIG. 1 serves for the simple application of the paint containing the diluent by soaking the articles, so that in this case the articles from the paint pan can also be fed directly into the drying device 8. Otherwise, in electrophoretic painting, the painted objects are rinsed with water and / or one permeation bath in which uncoagulated lacquer is removed. Rinsing is carried out in several stages, in the last stage with fully desalinated water.

The two parallel coating lines shown in FIG. 3. At the beginning of the conveyor belt 2, by means of the loading device 43 of the pallet 5, the objects to be painted are passed through the tub i containing the lacquer bath, further transferred to the drying device 8 and its cooling zone 11 and then conveyor belt 17. transported back to the beginning of the painting line. FIG. 3, it is evident that the conveyor belt 17 extends in an intersecting manner and in the region of the vertical conveyor 18. does not end below the conveyor belt 2, but in parallel with it in the area of the vertical conveyor 18. With this vertical conveyor, the pallets 5 reach the conveyor belt 2. with respect to the conveyor belt 2 guided in parallel by the bathtub I with the lacquer bath. Before the pre-painted article pallets 5 are submerged both in the bath and in the lacquer bath, these items are moved by means of the apparatus 19 so as to expose areas and support points on which the lacquer has not adhered in the pre-painting process.

If the lacquer layer has insufficient residual moisture due to drying and, consequently, conductivity is too low, such components can be ionized by means of the ionizing device 20 before the second pass through the lacquer bath.

From the conveyor belt 2, the pallets 5 are transferred as described above to another conveyor belt 7 and to the drying apparatus, conveyed by the vertical conveyor 9 upwards and further by means of a horizontal conveyor 10 to the cooling zone 11. From there they are conveyed downwards by means of the vertical conveyor 12. The conveyor belt 13 is transported to the region of the tipping device 14 described above. which also has a crossover position, it intersects with the conveyor belt 17 and ends at the beginning of the conveyor belt 2. Here, the pallets 5 are lifted from the conveyor belt 17 by means of a vertical conveyor 18 and folded onto the conveyor belt 2. The paint removal device 21 is arranged above the conveyor belt 17 with the pallets 5 and in front of the vertical conveyor 18.

The pallets 5 consist of a frame 22 formed of angles in which corners of the side protruding pins 27 may or may not be arranged. The frame 22 comprises a grate formed of slats 23 with high sawtooth teeth 24, low sawtooth teeth 25 and cross bars 26.

Tooths 24, 25 are differently high in order to ensure that even irregularly shaped objects are well seated and in contact.

The conveyor belt 2, 2 consists of parallel toothed belts 28 of plastic, which are provided on their smooth side with grippers 29 for the pins 27 of the pallets 5.

The upper guide rails 30 and the lower guide rails 31 are arranged at least in the tub region. The toothed belts 28 rest on the lower guide rails 3i, while the upper guide rails 30 serve as supports for the pins 27 of the pallets.

5. In this way, the pallets 5 are also guided perfectly in the region of the return points shown in FIG. 1. When the lacquer layer is applied to the articles by electrophoresis, the guide rails 30, 31 are made of an insulating material. On the upper guide rails 30 are then provided brushes 32 mounted in holders 33 which are connected to one pole of a DC voltage source.

The transfer device 6 between the conveyor belt 2 and the other conveyor belt 7 consists of a swing frame with four parallelogram guide elements 34 whose connecting rod 35 is approximately centrally mounted on the parallelogram guide elements 34 by means of the shaft 37. On the machine foundations 38 and stands 36. The swing frame is pivoted from a take-up position in the region of the conveyor belt 2 to a transfer position in the region of the next conveyor belt 7 and vice versa by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic roller 39. or pneumatic cylinder units 40 with a pin holder 42 in the shape of an angle. The pin holders 42 are pushed against the pins 27 of the pallet 5 by means of the roller units 40, clamping them and holding them until the pallet is transferred to the region of the next conveyor belt 7 and supported on the conveyor belt 7.

In FIG. 1 and 2 schematically illustrates a device 19 for moving pre-painted articles, and FIG. 10 shows the individual elements of the device. The device consists of a lifting ridge 44 guided by a guide 46 and is moved up and down by a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 45. In the shown position, the teeth of the lifting ridge 44 extend over the upper side of the pallet 5 and briefly lift the pre-painted item 47. whereby the lacquered article 47 touches the pallet 5 at another location with the sawtooth teeth 24, 25 and, as a result, releases the original abutment points, which can thus be easily lacquered on the second pass through the tub.

Since a perfect electrical contact between the painted object 47 and the pallet 5 is necessary in electrophoretic coating, at least those parts of the pallet 5 that come into contact with the painted object 47 must be free of paint. To this end, it is above the conveyor belt 17. in the area in front of the vertical conveyor 18. an driven rotating brush 48 which removes the lacquer adhered to the upper side of the pallet 5, in particular on the upper side of the serrations 23 with sawtooth teeth 24, 25, thereby providing an electrical conductive surface.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 12 and 13, is above the bathtub

A conveyor designed as an overhead conveyor 49, said overhead conveyor 49 being equipped with a double-chain 50 guided by tensioning pulleys equipped on both sides with guided carriers 51 with downward-gripping claws in the form of clawed support arms 52 between which pallets are placed by means of a loading device 43 5. In FIG. 13 is a partial but symmetrical embodiment of the carrier 5i, essentially consisting of a frame 53 with angled guide arms 54, 55, the free ends of which guide rollers 56, 57 are mounted on both sides. Guide rollers 56, 57 they extend in each case to guide rails 58, 59, 60, 61 with a cross-section U 1 of a tapered rail frame arranged on both longitudinal sides of the bath 1, and serve to guide guides 51 with pallets 5 smoothly.

This is done so that the guide rollers 56 on the guide arms 54 extend into the horizontal rails 58, 60 1 of their circumferential frames, and the guide rollers 57 on the vertical arms 55 extend into the inclined rails 59, 61 of both 1 of the circumferential frames. For this purpose, the rails have funnel-shaped extensions at their ends, in which one of the two guide rollers 56, 57 is immersed in the corner portions of the frame. This device allows the pallets 5 to be unchanged in their horizontal position and substantially free of vibration and speed corresponding to speed of the feed are gradually immersed in the paint bath, by which they are transported horizontally and leave it in the region of the end of the horizontal rail 60.

The conveyor chains are driven by the motor 62 by means of drive chains 63 and sprockets 64 and are guided over rails 66 arranged on the support frame 65. The extended chain pins 67 are mounted in the guide arms 55 and are equipped with a sliding roller which supports the carrier The rails 58, 59, 60, 61, which have an S-shaped cross section or a double U-cross section, are thus guided on both sides in a 1-circular frame via pivot bearings 55, 56.

Within the reach of the part of the support arms 52 which are not immersed in the paint bath, contact elements 69 of leaf-shaped brushes abutting the support arms 52 are arranged on the bath 11. Through these brushes and support arms 52, current is introduced into the pallets 5 and into the articles stored thereon. . Since there is electrical insulation 70 between the support arms 52 and the frame 53, only the support arms 52 with pallets 5 are energized over the entire conveyor suspension path 49 with the pallets 5. At the time of immersion in the paint bath, the pallets 5 are not energized, which is Particularly important for uneven contact of pallet 5 and painted objects in order to avoid jolts. The brush strips are arranged in such a way that the current flows only when the pallets 5 move horizontally. When the pallet 5 exits the lacquer bath, the flow of the current is interrupted when the horizontal movement of the pallet 5 ends.

As a result, the device of FIG. 12 and 13, two important advantages: First, only the pallets 5 with the support arms 52 come into contact with the paint from the entire conveyor. Secondly, the conveyor, with the exception of its support arms 52 and the pallets 5, is completely free of current.

The conveyor of FIG. 12 and 13 can also be used in painting, which may be followed by permeation baths and drying devices of the kind described above. The overhead conveyor according to the invention can also serve to move the pallets through a washing or permeation bath and / or a drying device downstream of the paint pan.

The drying device 8 may consist of a chamber 71 with a conveyor 72, for example a pallet conveyor, which transports the painted articles 47 continuously or stepwise through the drying device 8 (FIG. 14). Above the varnished object 47 is arranged a grid frame 73 with downwardly directed holders 74 for rod-shaped infrared heaters 75, which are spaced one behind the other in a plane. The chamber 71 is provided above the infrared heaters 75 with an air inlet 76 and an air outlet 77 below the conveyor 72 to which a suction device (not shown) is connected. This suction device sucks magic air through the inlet port 76 through the grille frame 73 and the conveyor 72 into the outlet port 77. In this way, the drying process is considerably accelerated with a very short drying time, which for example is three to five hours for water-based varnishes.

The infrared beam drying according to the invention can also be carried out in addition to other drying processes and is particularly suitable for plate-shaped articles, for example furniture parts.

Claims (41)

Apparatus for applying dip coatings, in particular for electrophoretic dip coating, characterized in that it comprises a bathtub (1) for a lacquer bath, a conveyor (2, 5, 49) and pallets (5) transmitted through the bathtub (1). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one pallet conveyor (5) with at least one conveyor belt (2) and pallets (5) mounted thereon. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a suspension track (49) with support arms (52) for holding the pallets (5) and transporting them through the bath (1) with a lacquer bath is arranged above the bath (1). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conveyor belt (2) is guided by its upper strand (3) into the trough (1) and by its lower strand (4) is guided below the trough (1), and in the area of the tub (1), lateral guiding elements (30, 31) are provided for guiding the pallets (5) through the lacquer bath. Device according to claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that it is provided with two parallel toothed belts (28) forming a support for the side pins (27) of the pallets (5) and equipped with grippers (29) for engaging behind pins (27). Device according to one of Claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, characterized in that on both sides of the pallets (5) and above the conveyor belt (2) or the toothed belts (28) are arranged in the area of the tub (1). guide rails (30, 31) for guiding the side pins (27) of the pallets (5). Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide rails are of insulating material and at least a part of their length is provided with contact brushes (32) for contacting the side pins (27) of the pallets (5). Device according to one of claims 1, 2, 4 to 7, characterized in that two conveyor belts (2, 2) are guided through the paint bath tub (1), the paint drying device (8) and the cooling zone (11). pallets (5), wherein one conveyor belt (2) is intended for pre-painting and the other conveyor belt (2) for refinishing and another conveyor belt (17) for empty pallets (5) is guided from the outlet of the drying device (8) or a cooling zone (11) at the beginning of the conveyor belt (2) of the pre-painting pallets (5). Apparatus according to one of claims 1, 2 and 3 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a device (20) for ionizing pre-painted articles (47). Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the suspension track (49) consists of grippers (51) with support arms (52) arranged on chains or ropes. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one guide roller (56, 57) of the carrier (51) extends into the guide rails (58, 59, 60, 61) of the overhead track (49). Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the carrier (51) is provided with a pair of angled guide arms (54, 55) to each other, at the ends of which a guide roller (56, 57) is mounted. Apparatus according to any one of claims 3, 10 to 12, characterized in that it is provided with at least one circumferential frame consisting of guide rails (58, 59, 60, 61), the lower horizontal rail (60) being guided from the outside of the lacquer. bath. Device according to one of claims 3, 10 to 13, characterized in that a sliding roller (68) is guided between the driven chain (50) and each carrier (51) by a guide rail. Device according to one of Claims 3, 10 to 14, characterized in that the carrier (51) consists of a frame (53) and support arms (52) with guide arms (54, 55). Device according to one of claims 3, 10 to 15, characterized in that the support arms (52) are electrically insulated from the other parts of the conveyor. Device according to one of Claims 3, 10 to 16, characterized in that electrical contact elements (69) extending into the path of movement of the support arms (52) are arranged in the region of the trough (1). Device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it is provided with a device (21) for at least the local removal of paint from the pallets (5). Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the removal device (21) is a brush (48) arranged transversely with respect to the movement of the pallets (5). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that a drying device (8) is arranged in connection with the paint bath tub (1). Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the pallet conveyor (5) consists of a continuous tub (1) of a guided part (2, 5) and of a part (5, 7) guided in the drying device (8) and between the two. a transfer device (6) is provided by the portions (2, 5; 5, 7). Device according to claim 21, characterized in that the transfer device of the guided pivot frame 42) for receiving the pins in the In addition to (6), (34, 35, 37, 38) (27) the pallet (5) comprises parallel metal holders (40) during the transfer. Apparatus according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that at least one vertical conveyor (9) for at least one pallet (5) is arranged in the drying device (8) and a horizontal conveyor (10) is arranged at the top pallets (5) from the drying device (8). Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that a cooling zone (11) with a vertical conveyor (12) is connected to the drying device (8). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the pallets (5) consist of a frame (22) and of slats (23) provided with sawtooth teeth. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the saw teeth (24, 25) have different heights. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 26, characterized in that it is provided with a device (19) for moving painted objects (47) on pallets (5). Device according to claim 27, characterized in that the device (19) for moving the lacquered objects (47) is arranged at the beginning of the refinishing conveyor belt (2). Device according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the device (19) for moving painted objects (47) is formed by a vertically extendable and retractable lifting ridge (44) extending between the slats (23) of the pallet (5) on briefly lifting the painted object (47). Drying device, in particular with a conveyor according to claims 1 to 29, characterized in that it comprises a chamber (8, 71) with infrared emitters (75). Device according to claim 30, characterized in that the infrared heaters (75) are arranged above the painted objects (47) on the air-permeable grid frame (73). Apparatus according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the chamber (8, 71) has an air inlet (76) and an air outlet (77) and is connected to the blower or suction device. A method of coating by dipping, in particular by electrophoresis, characterized in that, after painting, the articles are dried from one side, cooled and moved, and then dried. Method according to claim 33, characterized in that the painted objects are cooled on the other side during the pre-drying. 35. A method of dip-coating, in particular electrophoretic coating, characterized in that the article is pre-painted and dried, and then it is moved, painted and dried. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that the article is passed through the same bath after pre-painting and drying for painting purposes. Method according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the pre-painted article is also mowed prior to the re-painting. Method according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the lacquered object is moved outside the lacquer bath. Method according to one of Claims 35 to 38, characterized in that, after the lacquering process, the object is first pre-dried and cooled, and then turned and dried. Method according to claim 39, characterized in that the varnished object is cooled from the other side during the pre-drying. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 14, characterized in that the varnished object is dried by means of infrared radiation and the steam resulting from drying is discharged from the drying chamber.