SI9210160A - Textile-like apertured plastic films - Google Patents
Textile-like apertured plastic films Download PDFInfo
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Description
Tekstilu podobna luknjana plastična folijaTextile-like punched plastic wrap
Predloženi izum se v splošnem nanaša na luknjane (perforirane) folije, bolj določno na luknjane plastične folije, ki imajo mnogo majhnih luknjic, ki jih tvori mreža vlaknom podobnih elementov ali ozkih trakov iz vlečenega plastičnega gradiva. Izum se nadalje nanaša na postopke in naprave za izdelavo takih luknjanih folij kot tudi na izdelke, ki vsebujejo take luknjane folije.The present invention generally relates to perforated (perforated) foils, more specifically to perforated plastic foils having many small holes formed by a web of fiber-like elements or narrow strips of drawn plastic material. The invention further relates to processes and apparatus for making such hole films as well as products containing such hole films.
Netkane tkanine se vsaj petdeset let že uporabljajo za razne namene. Netkane tkanine so tekstilu podobna gradiva, ki so izdelana neposredno iz vlakenskega tkiva, da se odpravijo delovne operacije, ki za pretvarjanje rezanih viskoznih vlaken v tkano ali pleteno blago terjajo mnogo časa. Pri enem od postopkov izdelave netkanega blaga izdelajo npr. z mikanjem ali po tehniki z zračno plastjo vlakensko tkivo, katero ) nato ojačajo, s tem da nanj nanesejo polimerno vezno sredstvo. Po drugem postopku izdelave netkanega blaga vlakensko tkivo prepustijo silam fluida, ki omreži vlakna, da se sprimejo, s čimer se pride do jakosti končnega izdelka. Netkane tkanine so po svoji naravi porozne zgradbe, t.j., imajo odprtine ali pore, ki omogočajo prehod fluidov, kot so zrak in voda ali vodne raztopine. Netkane tkanine se razen tega da tako obdelati, da so ugodno mehke, da se jih da zlahka nagubati in nudijo dober občutek na otip. Po zaslugi svojih koristnih lastnosti so se netkana blaga uporabljala kot zgornji (krovni) material pri vpojnih izdelkih, kot so plenice za enkratno uporabo, higienski vložki, pripomočki za uporabo pri inkontinenci, povoji za rane in podobno.Nonwovens have been used for various purposes for at least fifty years. Non-woven fabrics are textile-like materials that are made directly from fibrous tissue to eliminate work operations that take a long time to convert cut viscose fibers into woven or knitted fabrics. In one of the non-woven fabrication processes, for example, by means of carding or by airtight technique, the fibrous tissue) is then reinforced by applying a polymeric binder. According to another non-woven fabric fabrication process, the fibrous tissue is left to force the fluid that traps the fibers to adhere, resulting in the strength of the finished product. Non-woven fabrics are inherently porous structures, i.e., they have openings or pores that allow the passage of fluids such as air and water or aqueous solutions. In addition, the non-woven fabrics are machined so that they are reasonably soft, easily foldable and feel good. Due to their useful properties, nonwovens were used as top (umbrella) material in absorbent products, such as disposable diapers, hygiene pads, accessories for use in incontinence, wound dressings and the like.
Zadnje čase so poskušali izdelati porozne ali za tekočino prepustne krovne materiale za vpojne izdelke, s tem da so kot izhodiščno gradivo uporabili plastične folije. Tako je naprimer znano, da luknjano plastično folijo naredijo tako, da segreto termoplastično gradivo v obliki pole namestijo na po vzorcu luknjano površino in ju s podtlakom stisnejo. Podtlak povleče zmehčano gradivo pole skozi luknjice, kar ima za posledico trganje folije in s tem nastanek luknjic.Recently, they have tried to produce porous or liquid-permeable roofing materials for absorbent products, using plastic films as a starting material. For example, it is known that a punctured plastic film is made by placing heated thermoplastic material in the form of a sheet on a patterned hole and compressing it with a vacuum. The underpressure pulls the softened material of the sheet through the holes, which results in the tearing of the foil and thus the formation of holes.
V US 3929135 (Thompson et al.) so razkrite luknjane krovne folije za vpojne izdelke, kot so higienski vložki, blazinice za inkontinenco, povoji in podobno. Ta krovna gradiva so zgrajena iz za tekočine neprepustnih gradiv, kot je polietilen majhne gostote, in imajo množico lijakastih kapilar, katerih vsaka ima vznožno ustje v ravnini krovne pole in temensko ustje, ki je oddaljeno od ravnine krovne pole. Lijakaste kapilare, kot jih razkrivajo Thompson et al., so zasnovane prednostno v obliki prisekanega stožca ali konične površine s kotom lijaka od okoli 10° do 60°.U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,135 (Thompson et al.) Disclose punched film covers for absorbent products, such as hygiene pads, incontinence pads, bandages, and the like. These roofing materials are constructed from fluid-tight materials such as low density polyethylene and have a plurality of funnel capillaries, each with a base mouth in the plane of the deck floor and a crown lip that is distant from the plane of the deck sheet. Funnel capillaries, as disclosed by Thompson et al., Are preferably designed in the form of a truncated cone or conical surface with a funnel angle of about 10 ° to 60 °.
V US 4324276 (Mullane) je razkrita luknjana oblikovana folija debeline, kot sejo da otipati, manj od okoli 0,075 cm, odprtega polja vsaj 35% in z množico luknjic, katerih vsaj 75% ima ekvivalentni hidravlični premer (EHD - equivalent hydraulic diameter) vsaj 0,064 cm. Luknjana oblikovana folija, kakršno so razkrili Mullane et al., pride v poštev kot krovna pola za vpojne izdelke za enkratno uporabo zgoraj omenjene vrste.US 4324276 (Mullane) discloses perforated molded, sewn-in, less than about 0.075 cm thick, open field of at least 35% and a plurality of holes of at least 75% having an equivalent hydraulic diameter (EHD) of at least 75% 0,064 cm. Punched shaped foil, as disclosed by Mullane et al., Is suitable as an umbrella for single-use absorbent products of the aforementioned type.
V US 4839216 (Curro et al.) je razkrito z izboklinami in luknjicami zasnovano plastično gradivo, ki ga naredijo tako, da začnejo z začetno folijo na luknjani oblikovalski površini in nanosom neprisilnega toka tekočine na zgornjo površino začetne folije. Sila in masni pretok toka tekočine sta zadosti velika, da se folija deformira proti oblikovalski površini, sta tolikšna, da gradivo zadobi v bistvu tridimenzijsko strukturo, in da v njej nastanejo luknjice.US 4839216 (Curro et al.) Discloses bulges and holes designed plastic material, which is made by starting with the initial foil on the perforated molding surface and applying a fluid flow to the upper surface of the initial foil. The force and mass flow rate of the fluid flow are large enough to deform the film against the molding surface, such that the material acquires a substantially three-dimensional structure, and that holes are formed therein.
V EP 0304617 (prijaviteljica Kao Corporation) je razkrita krovna pola za sanitarni izdelek. Krovna pola obsega neprozorno hidrofobno folijo, ki ima ravne dele in izbokline, pri čemer slednje obsegajo talni del in stranske stene. Stranske stene imajo nagnjen del, ki je izveden z odprtino; ta je tolikšna, da ravni del ne pokriva nagnjenega dela. Po navedbi v tem patentu je odprtina vseskozi vidna, če nanjo gledaš od zgoraj.EP 0304617 (Applicant Kao Corporation) discloses an overhead pole for a sanitary product. The roof pole comprises an opaque hydrophobic film having straight sections and projections, the latter comprising the floor section and the side walls. The side walls have a sloping part that is made with an opening; this is such that the straight part does not cover the inclined part. According to this patent, the opening is always visible when viewed from above.
V US 4690679 je razkrita luknjana folija, ki obsega prvo plast prve polimerne folije in drugo plast druge polimerne folije. V spisu je navedeno, da se luknjane folije, katerih luknjice imajo povprečne premere kroga v razponu od okoli 0,0254 cm do okoli 0,0762 cm, uporabljajo kot krovna gradiva za absorpcijske izdelke.US 4690679 discloses a punctured film comprising a first layer of a first polymer film and a second layer of a second polymer film. The file states that hole films whose holes have average circle diameters ranging from about 0.0254 cm to about 0.0762 cm are used as cover material for absorbent products.
Luknjane folije in postopki ter naprave za izdelavo oziroma izvedbo le-teh so nadalje razkriti v US 3632269 (Doviak et al.) in 4381326 (Kelley).Puncture films and processes and apparatus for making or executing them are further disclosed in US 3632269 (Doviak et al.) And 4381326 (Kelley).
Po enem od vidikov predloženega izuma gre za luknjane folije, ki so porozne, imajo dostopno površino, so mehke, močne, otipljive, spominjajo na tekstil, se pri dotiku podajo, se prilagodijo in lahko jih nagubamo, kar vse je sicer značilno za številna netkana blaga, narejena iz vlakenskih tkiv, s tem da folije po izumu nimajo neželenih lastnosti, kot so togost, neprilagodljivost in občutek plastike, na katere pogosto naletiš pri luknjanih folijah iz stanja tehnike.According to one aspect of the present invention, these are porous films that are porous, have an accessible surface, are soft, strong, tactile, resemble textiles, are touchable, adaptable and can be wrinkled, all of which are typical of many nonwovens goods made from fibrous tissues, except that the foils of the invention do not have the undesirable properties, such as the rigidity, inflexibility and feel of plastic, which you often encounter with holes in the prior art.
Luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu obsegajo množico drobcenih luknjic, ki jih tvori mreža vlaknom podobnih elementov ali drobcenih trakov iz vlečenega plastičnega gradiva. Luknjice so zvečine nepravilne oblike, t.j., njihovega geometričnega izgleda, bodisi da so okrogle, kvadrataste ali ovalne, ni moč jasno opredeliti. Luknjice so lahko razporejene v nezveznem vzorcu razpoznavnih skupin ali rojev. Vzorec razpoznavnih skupin ali rojev luknjic je bodisi naključen ali regularen; ne glede na to so luknjice posamezne razpoznavne skupine ali roja v njej oziroma njem porazdeljene naključno. Luknjice so razen tega neenakih velikosti in imajo majhne ekvivalentne hidravlične premere (EHD).The punched plastic films of the present invention comprise a plurality of tiny holes formed by a web of fiber-like elements or tiny strips of drawn plastic material. Bulbs are mostly irregular in shape, i.e. their geometric appearance, whether they are round, square or oval, cannot be clearly defined. Holes may be arranged in a disconnected pattern of recognition groups or swarms. The pattern of identifiable groups or swarms of holes is either random or regular; however, the holes of the individual recognition group or swarm within or within it are distributed randomly. The holes are also unequal in size and have small equivalent hydraulic diameters (EHD).
Posamezni vlakninski elementi v mreži vlakninskih elementov vsebujejo vlečene dele startne plastične folije. Ti vlakninski elementi, ki jih tu ponekod imenujemo tudi vlakenca, sodelujejo z zgoraj omenjenimi luknjicami, da se dobi luknjana folija po izumu z izgledom, ki spominja na netkano blago, narejeno iz tkiv, izdelanih po postopku z zrakom, ali mikanih tkiv iz rezanih viskoznih vlaken ali netkanih blagov iz vezane preje. Vlakninski elementi tudi dajo luknjane folije po izumu z dobro mehkobo in možnostjo gubanja. Vlakninski elementi ali vlakenca imajo dolžine v razponu od okoli 0,013 cm do okoli 0,127 cm, širine v razponu od okoli 0,003 cm do okoli 0,089 cm in debeline v razponu od okoli 0,0006 cm do okoli 0,005 cm.The individual fiber elements in the fiber element network comprise drawn parts of the starting plastic film. These fiber elements, sometimes referred to as fibers, cooperate with the aforementioned holes to produce a punctured foil of the invention with a appearance resembling non-woven fabric made from air-treated or carded viscose tissue fibers or nonwovens of knitted yarn. The fiber elements also give the hole-like foils of the invention with good softness and the ability to fold. Fibrous elements or fibers have lengths ranging from about 0.013 cm to about 0.127 cm, widths ranging from about 0.003 cm to about 0.089 cm, and thickness ranging from about 0.0006 cm to about 0.005 cm.
Luknjane folije po predloženem izumu imajo majhne dostopne površine; te so v razponu od okoli 1% do 15%. Tako majhne dostopne površine so dobrodošle v primerih, ko je luknjana folija po izumu uporabljena kot krovno gradivo za absorpcijsko sredico izdelkov, kakršni so higienski vložki in plenice za enkratno uporabo. V takih slučajih majhna dostopna površina bistveno zmanjša nagnjenost fluidov (npr. menstrualnega fluida ali urina), ki ga vpije absorpcijska sredica, k potovanju nazaj skozi luknjano folijo, ko ponovno omoči njeno zgornjo površino in se dotakne uporabnikove kože. Luknjane folije po izumu, če so primerno pigmentirane, npr. pigmentirane s titanovim dioksidom, tudi zelo učinkovito zabrišejo madeže na površini vpojne sredice, do katerih pride zaradi stika s telesnimi izločki, kot sta menstrualni fluid in urin.The puncture films of the present invention have small accessible surfaces; these range from about 1% to 15%. Such small accessible surfaces are welcome in cases where the perforated foil according to the invention is used as a cover material for the absorption core of products such as sanitary napkins and disposable diapers. In such cases, a small accessible surface significantly reduces the tendency of the fluid (eg, menstrual fluid or urine) absorbed by the absorption core to travel back through the punctured film when it re-moistens its upper surface and touches the user's skin. Punched films according to the invention, if suitably pigmented, e.g. pigmented with titanium dioxide also very effectively erase the stains on the surface of the absorbent core, which are caused by contact with body secretions such as menstrual fluid and urine.
Luknjana folija po izumu pri določenih izvedbenih primerih nadalje obsega množico drugotnih odprtin, katerih polje je bistveno večje od polja zgoraj omenjenih malih luknjic. Razume se, da delež dostopne površine luknjane folije lahko niha v zelo velikem razponu, s tem da nihajo število in/ali velikost malih luknjic in/ali drugotnih odprtin.In certain embodiments, the puncture film of the invention further comprises a plurality of secondary openings whose field is substantially larger than that of the small holes mentioned above. It is understood that the proportion of accessible surface area of the punctured film can fluctuate over a very large range by varying the number and / or size of small holes and / or secondary openings.
Luknjane folije po predloženem izumu izdelamo z usmerjanjem nadzorovanih sil fluida proti eni od površin sorazmerno tanke raztegljive plastične folije, pri čemer je folija na svoji drugi strani podprta z opornim elementom. Podporni elementi, ki so primerni za uporabo pri izvajanju predloženega izuma, obsegajo: krajevno stalna nosilna območja za podpiranje folije; vgreznjena območja, v katera se folija lahko deformira pri uporabi sil fluida; in sredstvo za odvajanje uporabljenega fluida s podpornega dela.The punctured foils of the present invention are made by directing controlled forces of the fluid toward one surface of a relatively thin stretchable plastic film, the film being supported on its other side by a support element. Supporting elements suitable for use in the implementation of the present invention include: locally fixed carrier regions for supporting the foil; engraved areas into which the film may deform when fluid forces are applied; and a means of separating the fluid used from the support portion.
Pri določenem posebnem postopku izdelave luknjanih folij v skladu s predloženim izumom podporni del vsebuje množico druga od druge razmaknjenih pokonci stoječih piramid, ki so razporejene po vnaprej določenem vzorcu na eni od površin podpornega dela. Piramide imajo štiristrane osnove in so tako usmerjene, da so stranice osnove piramid postavljene pod kotom okoli 60° glede na stranici podpornega dela (slednjeomenjeni stranici ustrezata smeri stroja, ki določa smer folije, ko je položena na omenjeni podporni del, in sta vzporedni z njo). Po več piramid v omenjenem posebnem vzorcu je razporejenih v nizih, potekajočih prečno na podporni del, in v stolpcih, potekajočih podolgem glede na podporni del, s tem da so piramide v poljubnem izbranem nizu zamaknjene ali pomaknjene glede na piramide v vsakem od dveh neposredno sosednih nizov. Stranske stene skupine piramid določajo prvi niz dolin, ki tečejo pod določenim kotom glede na smer stroja, ki določa smer podpornega dela. Dva niza dolin drug drugega sekata. Doline v vsakem nizu dolin so razporejene medsebojno vzporedno. Podporni del, o katerem je govor, nadalje obsega več krožnih odprtin za odvajanje uporabljenega fluida. Odprtine so razporejene v zgoraj omenjenih dolinah med piramidami.In a particular process for the production of punched films according to the present invention, the support portion comprises a plurality of spaced upright pyramids spaced apart from each other, arranged according to a predetermined pattern on one of the surfaces of the support portion. The pyramids have four-sided bases and are oriented so that the sides of the pyramid bases are placed at an angle of about 60 ° with respect to the sides of the supporting part (the latter two sides correspond to the direction of the machine, which determines the direction of the foil when it is laid on said support part, and are parallel to it) ). Multiple pyramids in said particular pattern are arranged in rows running transversely to the supporting portion and in columns extending longitudinally by the supporting portion, with the pyramids in any selected row displaced or displaced relative to the pyramids in each of the two adjacent strings. The side walls of the pyramid group define the first set of valleys, which run at a certain angle with respect to the direction of the machine, which determines the direction of the supporting part. Two sets of valleys intersect each other. The valleys in each set of valleys are arranged parallel to each other. The support section in question further comprises several circular openings to discharge the fluid used. The openings are arranged in the valleys mentioned above between the pyramids.
Pri drugem posebnem postopku izdelave luknjane folije v skladu s predloženim izumom podporni del za nošenje plastične folije obsega osnovni del in več neprekinjenih, kvišku obrnjenih, medsebojno razmaknjenih ločnih reber, razporejenih medsebojno vzporedno. Ločna rebra, kot se jih vidi v tlorisni projekciji, so valovita kot sinusna krivulja. Podporni del nadalje obsega množico dolin ali vgreznjenih območij, ki jih določajo sosedne dvojice ločnih reber. V vgreznjenih območjih je razporejenih več odprtin, ki potekajo skozi podporni del od ene osnovne ploskve do druge.In a second particular method of manufacturing a punctured film according to the present invention, the support portion for carrying the plastic film comprises a base part and several continuous, upright, spaced apart ribs spaced parallel to one another. The ribs as seen in the floor plan are wavy as a sine curve. The support portion further comprises a plurality of valleys or depressions defined by adjacent pairs of separate ribs. In the recessed areas, several openings are arranged, extending through the support portion from one base surface to the next.
Pri še nadaljnjem posebnem postopku izdelave luknjane folije po predloženem izumu podporni del obsega osnovni del z več odprtinami, potekajočimi po njegovi debelini. Pri tej izvedbi podpornega dela, ki je lahko izveden bodisi kot ravna plošča ali kot valj (velja tudi za zgoraj omenjene podporne dele), ni nikakršnih štrlečih elementov, kot so zgoraj omenjene piramide ali rebra, speljana v valovih podobno sinusoidi.In a further particular method of manufacturing the punched film of the present invention, the support portion comprises a base portion with several openings extending along its thickness. In this embodiment, the supporting part, which can be made either as a flat plate or as a cylinder (also applies to the support parts mentioned above), does not have any projecting elements, such as the pyramids or ribs mentioned above, driven in waves similar to sinusoids.
Predloženi izum bo bolj jasno razumljiv ob pomoči sledečega podrobnega opisa in pripadajočih skic, v katerih kaže sl. 1 zgornjo površino izbranega izvedbenega primera luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu shematično v prostorski projekciji, sl. 2 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 1, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 3 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 1, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 4 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 1, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 5 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 1, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 6 zgornjo površino drugega izvedbenega primera luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu shematično v prostorski projekciji, sl. 7 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 6, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 8 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 6, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 9 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 6, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 10 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 6, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 11 zgornjo površino tretjega izvedbenega primera luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu shematično v tlorisni projekciji, sl. 12 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 11, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 13 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 11, pri čemer gre za okoli 20-kratno povečavo, sl. 14 fotografijo delčka zgornje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 11, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 15 fotografijo delčka spodnje površine luknjane folije, kakršno shematično kaže skica sl. 11, pri čemer gre za okoli 40-kratno povečavo, sl. 16 napravo za izdelavo luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu v shematski ponazoritvi, sl. 17 startno plastično folijo in podporni del, na katerega je položena startna folija za nadaljnjo obdelavo po predloženem izumu, v prostorski predstavitvi in v nazorno razmaknjenem stanju, sl. 18 podporni del, ki ga kaže spodnji del skice sl. 17, tu v tlorisni projekciji, sl. 19 prerez, izveden po črti 19-19 na sl. 18, sl. 20 blok shemo, ki vsebuje razne korake postopka izdelave luknjane folije po predloženem izumu, sl. 21 nadaljnjo napravo za izdelavo luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu, v shematski ponazoritvi, sl. 22 prednostno zasnovo naprave za izdelavo luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu, v shematski ponazoritvi, sl. 23 podporni del, ki se uporablja pri izdelavi luknjane folije s skic sl. 6 do 10, v tlorisni projekciji, sl. 24 prerez po črti 24-24 s sl. 23, sl. 25 podporni del, ki se uporablja pri izdelavi luknjane folije s skic sl. 11 do 15, v tlorisni projekciji, sl. 26 prerez po črti 26-26 s sl. 25, sl. 27 higienski vložek, ki obsega luknjano folijo po predloženem izumu, v prostorski predstavitvi, in sl. 28 prerez po črti 28-28 s sl. 27.The present invention will be more clearly understood by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic, in plan view, of the top surface of a selected embodiment of a punched plastic film according to the present invention; 2 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched film, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 3 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punctured film as shown schematically in FIG. 1, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 4 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched sheet, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 5 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punctured film as shown schematically in FIG. 1, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 6 is a schematic, in spatial view, of the upper surface of the second embodiment of the punched plastic film according to the present invention; 7 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched film, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 8 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punctured film as shown schematically in FIG. 6, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 9 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched film, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 10 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punched sheet, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 11 is a schematic, in plan view, of the top surface of the third embodiment of a punched plastic film according to the present invention; 12 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched sheet, as schematically shown in FIG. 11, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 13 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punctured film as shown schematically in FIG. 11, with a magnification of about 20 times, FIG. 14 is a photograph of a fragment of the upper surface of a punched sheet, as schematically shown in FIG. 11, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 15 is a photograph of a fragment of a bottom surface of a punctured film as schematically shown in FIG. 11, with a magnification of about 40 times, FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a device for making punched films according to the present invention; 17 shows a starting plastic film and a support portion on which the starting film for further processing according to the present invention is laid, in a spatial representation and in a clearly spaced state, FIG. 18 shows the support portion shown in the lower part of FIG. 17, in plan view, FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 18, FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the various steps of a process for making a punched film according to the present invention; FIG. 21 is a further device for making punched films according to the present invention, in a schematic illustration; 22 is a schematic illustration of a schematic illustration of an apparatus for making punched films according to the present invention; 23 is a support part used in the manufacture of a punched film from the drawings of FIG. 6 to 10, in plan view, FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view 24-24 of FIG. 23, FIG. 25 is a support part used in the manufacture of a punched film from the drawings of FIG. 11 to 15, in plan view, FIG. 26 is a sectional view taken along line 26-26 of FIG. 25, FIG. 27 is a hygienic insert comprising a punctured film according to the present invention, in a spatial representation, and FIG. 28 is a cross-section through line 28-28 of FIG. 27.
Skica sl. 1 oziroma fotografije sl. 2 do 5 kažejo izbran izvedbeni primer luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu. Luknjana plastična folija 30 je izdelana iz tanke plasti z izbočenji zasnovanega raztegljivega termoplastičnega polimernega gradiva, ki ima pred obdelavo debelino, ki prikladno lahko niha v razponu od okoli 0,0013 cm do okoli 0,0127 cm. Luknjana plastična folija 30 obsega nagnjene, v splošnem pokonci usmerjene bočne stene 31, ki se srečajo na zgornji površini folije, da tvorijo niz v splošnem vzporednih grebenov 32. Nagnjene bočne stene določajo niz v splošnem vzporednih dolin 33. Kot vidimo v tlorisni projekciji (na fotografijah), imajo tako grebeni kot doline ločno konfiguracijo, ki je podobna sinusni krivulji. Doline 33 in spodnja območja bočnih sten 31 ob teh dolinah obsegajo množico malih luknjic 37, ki jih tvori mreža zelo drobnih vlakenskih elementov 38. Skupna višina ali debelina T luknjane folije 30, t.j. navpična razdalja od doline 33 do grebena 32, znaša okoli 0,05 cm.Sketch of FIG. 1 or photographs of FIG. 2 to 5 show a selected embodiment of a punched plastic film according to the present invention. The punctured plastic film 30 is made of a thin layer with projections of a stretchable thermoplastic polymer material having a thickness prior to treatment that can conveniently vary in the range of about 0.0013 cm to about 0.0127 cm. The punctured plastic film 30 comprises inclined, generally upright sidewalls 31, which meet on the upper surface of the foil to form a series of generally parallel ridges 32. The sloping sidewalls define a series of generally parallel valleys 33. As seen in the floor plan (on photographs), both ridges and valleys have a separate configuration similar to a sine curve. The valleys 33 and the lower regions of the sidewalls 31 along these valleys comprise a plurality of small holes 37 formed by a network of very fine fiber elements 38. The total height or thickness T of the hole foil 30, i.e. the vertical distance from the valley 33 to the ridge 32 is about 0.05 cm.
Skica sl. 6 oziroma fotografije sl. 7 do 10 kažejo drugi izvedbeni primer luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu. Luknjana plastična folija 40 je prav tako izdelana iz plasti z izbočenji zasnovanega raztegljivega termoplastičnega polimernega gradiva, ki ima pred obdelavo debelino v razponu od okoli 0,0013 cm do okoli 0,0127 cm. Luknjana plastična folija 40 obsega množico v splošnem kvišku vzpenjajočih se stožčastih tvorb 41, katerih nagnjene bočne stene 41a med seboj določajo doline 43. Doline 43 in sosedni deli bočnih sten stožčastih tvorb obsegajo veliko množico drobcenih luknjic 47, ki jih določa mreža zelo drobnih vlakenskih elementov 48. Stožčaste tvorbe 41 obsegajo drugotne odprtine 42, katerih polja so bistveno večja od polj drobcenih luknjic 47. Skupna višina ali debelina T luknjane plastične folije, t.j. navpična razdalja od doline 43 do vrha stožčaste tvorbe 41, znaša približno 0,064 cm.Sketch of FIG. 6 or photographs of FIG. 7 to 10 show a second embodiment of a punched plastic film of the present invention. The punched plastic film 40 is also made of a protuberant layer of extensible thermoplastic polymer material having a thickness ranging from about 0.0013 cm to about 0.0127 cm before treatment. The punctured plastic film 40 comprises a plurality of generally cone-shaped conical structures 41 whose sloping lateral walls 41a are defined by valleys 43. The valleys 43 and adjacent portions of the lateral conical structures comprise a large number of tiny holes 47 defined by a web of very fine fibers 48. The conical formations 41 comprise secondary openings 42 whose fields are substantially larger than the fields of the fractured holes 47. The total height or thickness T of the punched plastic film, i. the vertical distance from the valley 43 to the top of the conical formation 41 is approximately 0.064 cm.
Tretji izvedbeni primer luknjane plastične folije po predloženem izumu kažejo skica sl. 11 in fotografije sl. 12 do 15. Luknjana plastična folija 50 obsega tanko plast raztegljive termoplastične folije, ki ima množico drobcenih luknjic 57, ki so izvedene ali razporejene v več skupinah ali rojih 55 drobcenih luknjic, razporejenih v pravilnem vzorcu. Vsak roj 55 obsega množico nizov 56 drobcenih luknjic, od katerih jih je pet narisanih na skici sl. 11. Gre za veliko število naključno porazdeljenih drobcenih luknjic 57 v vsakem nizu 56, s tem da so te drobcene luknjice druga od druge v nizu ločene z zelo drobnimi, vlaknom podobnimi elementi 58. Sosedna niza 56 drobcenih luknjic 57 sta v rojih 55 drug od drugega ločena s pomočjo pasov 59 neluknjanega gradiva. Kot je predstavljeno, v območjih 52 okoli sosednih rojev 57 in med njimi v bistvu ni luknjic 57.A third embodiment of a punched plastic film according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 11 and photographs FIG. 12 to 15. The punctured plastic film 50 comprises a thin layer of a stretchable thermoplastic film having a plurality of tiny holes 57 which are arranged or arranged in several groups or swarms of 55 tiny holes arranged in a regular pattern. Each swarm 55 comprises a plurality of arrays of 56 tiny holes, five of which are drawn in FIG. 11. There are a large number of randomly distributed tiny holes 57 in each set 56, with the separation of these tiny holes from each other in a series with very small, fiber-like elements 58. The adjacent sets of 56 tiny holes 57 are in each other 55 the other separated by strips 59 of non-perforated material. As presented, there are essentially no holes 57 in areas 52 around and adjacent swarms 57.
Debelina T luknjane folije po izumu je večja od debeline t prvotne, startne folije, iz katere je narejena luknjana folija. Primer: obravnavana debelina T luknjane folije po skicah sl. 1 do 5 znaša okoli 0,05 cm, debelina T luknjane folije po skicah sl. 6 do 10 pa okoli 0,064 cm.The thickness T of the hole foil of the invention is greater than the thickness t of the original, starting foil from which the hole foil is made. Example: the thickness of the T-hole foil in FIG. 1 to 5 is about 0.05 cm, the thickness T of the perforated foil according to the drawings FIG. 6 to 10 about 0.064 cm.
Globina dolin 33 po luknjani foliji ni enotna. Globina dolin 33 se od enega območja luknjane folije do drugega lahko nekoliko menja. Primer: globina doline pri spodnjem levem delu sl. 1 je lahko manjša ali večja od globine taiste doline pri zgornjem desnem delu sl. 1 ali je njej enaka.The depth of the valleys 33 is not uniform across the hole foil. The depth of the valleys 33 may vary slightly from one area of the hole film to the next. Example: the depth of the valley at the lower left part of FIG. 1 may be less than or greater than the depth of that valley at the upper right portion of FIG. 1 or is equal to it.
Skica sl. 16 je shematična predstavitev naprave za izdelavo luknjanih plastičnih folij po predloženem izumu. Naprava 60 obsega gibljiv transportni trak 62 in na zgornjo stran tega traku položen in skupaj s trakom premikajoč se podporni del 64. Podporni del ima množico skoznjih odprtin (niso nakazane na sl. 16). ki tečejo po debelini podpornega dela od njegove zgornje površine 65a do njegove spodnje površine 65b.Sketch of FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for making punched plastic films according to the present invention. The device 60 comprises a movable conveyor belt 62 and a support portion 64 disposed on top of the conveyor belt and a support portion 64 together with the conveyor belt. running through the thickness of the support portion from its upper surface 65a to its lower surface 65b.
Na zgornjo površino podpornega delaje položena tanka neprekinjena in neluknjana folija 67 iz termoplastičnega polimernega gradiva. Ta folija je lahko za paro prepustna ali za paro neprepustna, lahko ima izbokline ali je brez njih, po želji je lahko obdelana s koronskim praznjenjem na eni ali obeh osnovnih površinah ali pa je brez take obdelave s koronskim praznjenjem. Raztegljiva folija lahko obsega poljubno termoplastično polimerno gradivo vključno denimo poliolefine, kot sta polietilen (visoke, linearno majhne ali majhne gostote) in polipropilen, kopolimere olefinov in vinilnih monomerov, kot so kopolimeri etilena in vinilacetata ali vinilklorida, poliamide, poliestre, polivinilalkohol in kopolimere olefinov ter monomere akrilata, kot so kopolimeri etilena in etilakrilata. V poštev pride tudi folija, ki obsega zmesi dveh ali več takih polimernih gradiv. Za luknjanje predvidena startna folija naj bi se tako v vzdolžni smeri (LS), t.j. v smeri stroja, kot tudi v prečni smeri (TS) podaljšala za vsaj 100%, določeno po ASTM-testu št. D-882, ki se izvaja s testnim strojem Instron s hitrostjo čeljusti 127 cm/min. Debelina startne folije (folije, predvidene za luknjanje) je prednostno enotna in lahko niha v razponu od okoli 0,0013 cm do okoli 0,0127 cm. Prednostno znaša debelina t folije med 0,0013 cm in 0,0076 cm. V poštev pridejo tudi hkratno ekstrudirane folije kot tudi folije, ki so bile modificirane npr. z obdelavo s površinsko aktivnim sredstvom. Startna folija je lahko izdelana po poljubni znani tehniki, kot je litje, ekstrudiranje ali pihanje.A thin continuous and non-punctured film 67 of thermoplastic polymer material is deposited on the upper surface of the support portion. This foil may be permeable or steam-impermeable, may or may not have protrusions, may be coronally discharged on one or both of the base surfaces if desired, or may be corona-free. The stretch film may comprise any thermoplastic polymeric material including, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene (high, linearly low or low density) and polypropylene, copolymers of olefins and vinyl monomers such as copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride, polyamino, and polyamines, and acrylate monomers such as ethylene and ethyl acrylate copolymers. A film comprising mixtures of two or more such polymeric materials is also contemplated. The starting foil intended for punching should thus be in the longitudinal direction (LS), i.e. in the direction of the machine as well as in the transverse direction (TS) by at least 100%, determined by ASTM-Test no. The D-882, which runs with the Instron Jaw Test Machine at 127 cm / min. The thickness of the starting foil (foil intended for punching) is preferably uniform and can vary in the range of about 0.0013 cm to about 0.0127 cm. Preferably, the thickness of the foil is between 0.0013 cm and 0.0076 cm. Also contemporaneous are extruded films as well as films that have been modified e.g. by treatment with a surfactant. The starting foil may be made by any known technique such as casting, extrusion or blowing.
Nad startno folijo 67 se nahaja razdelilna glava 69 za nanos fluida 63, prednostno vode, na zgornjo površino 67a startne folije, medtem ko se omenjena folija, ki jo nosi podporni del 64, giblje skupaj s transportnim trakom 62. Vodo lahko nanašamo pri spremenljivih pritiskih. Pod transportnim trakom je razporejena več vhodov obsegajoča sesalna naprava 70 za odstranjevanje vode, usmerjene k zgornji površini 67a startne folije 67, ko le-ta potuje pod razdelilno glavo 69.Above the starter foil 67 there is a dispensing head 69 for applying fluid 63, preferably water, to the upper surface 67a of the starter foil, while said foil carried by the support portion 64 moves together with the conveyor 62. Water can be applied at variable pressures . Below the conveyor belt is a plurality of inlets comprising a suction device 70 for removing water directed to the upper surface 67a of the starter film 67 as it travels below the distributor head 69.
Startno folijo 67 med obratovanjem položimo na podporni del 64 in folija ter podporni del potujeta nazaj in naprej pod razdelilno glavo 69 tolikokrat, da se dobi želena luknjana folija.The starting foil 67 is placed on the support portion 64 during operation, and the foil and the support portion are moved back and forth under the distributor head 69 until the desired punched foil is obtained.
Razdelilna glava 69 obsega množico lukenj, katerih število lahko niha od okoli 11,8 cm'1 do okoli 39,4 cm1. Število lukenj razdelilne glave prednostno niha od okoli 13,8 cm'1 do okoli 19,7 cm'1. Luknje so po izgledu prednostno okrogle in njihov premer niha od okoli 0,0076 cm do okoli 0,0254 cm, prednostno od 0,0127 cm do 0,018 cm. Ko startna folija in podporni del nekajkrat prepotujeta mesto pod razdelilno glavo 69, dovod vode prekinemo, s sesanjem na drugi strani pa nadaljujemo, da pomagamo odstraniti vodo z dobljene luknjane folije po izumu. Luknjano folijo odstranimo s podpornega dela in jo osušimo na katerikoli znan način, denimo z opihavanjem s toplim zrakom ali z odvajanjem s pomočjo topila.The dispensing head 69 comprises a plurality of holes, the number of which can vary from about 11.8 cm-1 to about 39.4 cm 1st The number of holes of the distribution head preferably ranges from about 13.8 cm < -1 > to about 19.7 cm < -1 >. The holes are preferably round in appearance and vary in diameter from about 0.0076 cm to about 0.0254 cm, preferably from 0.0127 cm to 0.018 cm. When the starter foil and the support portion travel a spot several times under the distributor head 69, the water supply is interrupted, and the suction on the other hand is continued to help remove water from the resulting perforated foil of the invention. The puncture film is removed from the supporting part and dried in any known manner, for example by blowing in warm air or by solvent extraction.
Sl. 17 je predstavitev risarsko razstavljenih določenih delov v prostorski predstavitvi, konkretno startne folije 67 in podpornega dela 64, ki smo ju opisali zgoraj v zvezi s sl.FIG. 17 is a representation of the drawing disassembled particular portions in the spatial representation, in particular the starting foil 67 and the supporting portion 64, described above in connection with FIG.
16. Kot smo zapisali zgoraj, startna folija 67 obsega termoplastično polimerno gradivo ali zmes dveh ali več takih polimernih gradiv in je, kot je predstavljeno na sl.16. As noted above, the starter foil 67 comprises a thermoplastic polymer material or a mixture of two or more such polymeric materials and is as presented in FIG.
17, lahko izvedena z izboklinami ali je brez njih. Del 75 startne folije 67, ki obsega izbokline 76, in del 77 folije 67, kije brez izboklin, sta predstavljena v zgornjem delu sl.17, may be performed with or without protrusions. Part 75 of the starter foil 67, comprising the projections 76, and the portion 77 of the starter film 67, which has no projections, are presented in the upper part of FIG.
17.17.
Podporni del 64 obsega osnovni del 65, ki ima zgornjo površino 65a in spodnjo površino 65b. Podporni del 64 nadalje obsega množico odprtin 80, ki so speljane po debelini osnove 65 od zgornje površine 65a do spodnje površine 65b. Kot bomo še videli, so odprtine 80 predvidene za odvajanje vode med izdelavo luknjane folije po izumu. Podporni del 64 obsega tudi množico kvišku vzpenjajočih se nosilnih elementov 71. Ti nosilni elementi obsegajo osnovo 78, ki sovpada z ravnino zgornje površine 65a dela 65, in dvojico nagnjenih bočnih sten 72, 73 (prim. sl. 18 in 19). Bočni steni 72, 73 potekata kvišku od osnove 78, da se srečata pri delu, kjer se tvori ravninsko polje, ali grebenu 74. Nosilni elementi 71 potekajo medsebojno vzporedno in enakomerno razmaknjeno. Le-ti lahko tečejo vzporedno s stranicama podpornega dela, pravokotno ali pod poljubnim kotom nanju. Kot je predstavljeno na sl. 17 in 18, so nosilni elementi 71, če jih gledaš v tlorisu, v splošnem podobni sinusoidi ali so valovito zasnovani. Razume se, da so nosilni elementi lahko tudi drugače speljani, npr. premočrtno, cikcakasto in podobno.The support portion 64 comprises a base portion 65 having an upper surface 65a and a lower surface 65b. The support portion 64 further comprises a plurality of openings 80 extending along the thickness of the base 65 from the upper surface 65a to the lower surface 65b. As will be seen, the openings 80 are provided for draining water during the manufacture of the perforated foil according to the invention. The support portion 64 also comprises a plurality of upright bearing members 71. These bearing members comprise a base 78 which coincides with the plane of the upper surface 65a of part 65, and a pair of sloping side walls 72, 73 (see FIGS. 18 and 19). The sidewalls 72, 73 extend upwards from the base 78 to meet at the work where the plane field is formed or the ridge 74. The support elements 71 extend parallel to each other and are evenly spaced. They can run parallel to the sides of the support part, at right angles or at any angle to them. As presented in FIG. 17 and 18, the supporting elements 71, when viewed in plan, are generally similar to sinusoids or are wavy in design. It is understood that the supporting elements may also be otherwise guided, e.g. straight, zigzag and the like.
Sl. 20 je blok shema, ki kaže razne faze postopka izdelave novih luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu. Prvi korak postopka je pozicioniranje kosa tanke raztegljive folije iz termoplastičnega polimernega gradiva na podpornem delu (okvir 1). Podporni del z raztegljivo folijo na njem je prepotoval mesto šob za brizganje fluida pod visokim pritiskom (okvir 2). Prednostni fluid je voda. Vodo transportiramo proč od podpornega dela prednostno z uporabo podtlaka (okvir 3). S folije odstranimo vodo, za kar se prednostno poslužimo sesanja (okvir 4). Luknjano folijo, s katere smo odstranili vodo, snamemo s podpornega dela (okvir 5). Preostalo vodo odstranimo z luknjane folije npr. z uporabo opihovalnega toka zraka (okvir 6). Luknjano folijo zatem navijemo, da počaka do uporabe, ko je folija bodisi uporabljena kar v razpoložljivi obliki ali kot zgradbotvoren del drugega izdelka, denimo higienskega vložka, plenice za enkratno uporabo ali kot obveza za rano (okvir 7).FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the various steps of the process of manufacturing new hole films according to the present invention. The first step of the process is the positioning of a piece of thin stretch film of thermoplastic polymer material on the supporting part (box 1). The support section with a stretch film on it traveled over the location of the high-pressure fluid injection nozzles (box 2). The preferred fluid is water. Preferably, water is transported away from the support part using a vacuum (box 3). Water is removed from the foil, which is the preferred suction (box 4). The puncture film from which the water has been removed is removed from the support section (box 5). The remaining water is removed from the hole foil, e.g. using an airflow blower (box 6). The puncture film is then wound until it is used, when the film is either used in its available form or as a building block of another product, such as a sanitary napkin, a disposable cloth or a wound dressing (box 7).
Sl. 21 je shematska predstavitev naprave za neprekinjeno izdelovanje luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu. Naprava 90 obsega podporni del, ki je tu v obliki transportnega traku 91. Transportni trak 91 se na znan način zvezno premika v protiurni smeri okoli dveh medsebojno razmaknjenih valjev 92, 93. Nad transportnim trakom 91 je razporejena razdelilna cev 95 za dovajanje fluida, ki veže skupino cevi ali razdelilnih glav 96, t.j. naprav z več ustji. Vsaka glava 96 z več ustji vsebuje vsaj en niz luknjic zelo majhnega premera, tako da je v vsakem nizu 12 ali več takih luknjic na dolžinski cm. Razdelilna cev 95 je opremljena z manometri 97 in ventili 98 za uravnavanje pritiska fluida v vsaki cevi ali razdelilni glavi. Predvidena so (neprikazana) sredstva za preskrbo razdelilne cevi 95 z vodo s povišano temperaturo. Pod vsako cevjo z ustji ali razdelilno glavo je razporjen sesalni del 99 za odstranjevanje odvečne vode med izdelavo in za preprečevanje poplavljanja območja folije, ki se preoblikuje v luknjano. Startno folijo 67, predvideno za predelavo v luknjano folijo 68 po izumu, uvajamo na transportni trak, ki predstavlja podporni del. Startna folija potuje pod razdelilno glavo 96, kjer jo obdelujejo curki vode, iztekajoči iz ustij razdelilne glave. Pritisk iztekajočih vodnih curkov iz vsakokratne razdelilne glave 96 nastavimo s tlačnimi ventili 98 na želeno vrednost. Pritisk vode v razdelilnih glavah 96 naj bo vsaj okoli 35 bar in lahko gre tja do 105 bar ali celo više. V postopku izdelave luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu je prednostno, da posamezne razdelilne glave 96 brizgajo vodo z istim pritiskom. Dasiravno je na sl. 21 narisanih šest razdelilnih glav za dovajanje fluida, pa dano število ni odločilno, saj je število razdelilnih glav odvisno od debeline startne folije, hitrosti transportnega traku, nastavljenega pritiska, števila nizov odprtin v vsakokratni razdelilni glavi 96 itd. Ko luknjana folija 68 prepotuje mesto med vodnimi curki in sesalnim delom 99, potuje čez dodatno sesalno režo 99a za odstranitev z nje še presežne vode. Transportni trak, ki predstavlja podporni del, je lahko narejen iz sorazmerno togega gradiva in lahko obsega množico letev. Vsaka letev poteka prek širine transporterja in ima na eni strani utor in na drugi nos, tako da nos ene letve ubira z utorom sosedne letve, s čimer je omogočeno, da se sosedne letve medsebojno lahko premikajo in da se sorazmerno toge letve lahko uporabijo v zasnovi transporterja po sl. 21. Alternativno je podporni del lahko tkano sito, ki ima dvignjena mesta, ki nosijo folijo, in nižinska mesta, v katera se folija pogrezne, ko jo obdelujemo.FIG. 21 is a schematic representation of a device for continuously making punched films according to the present invention. The apparatus 90 comprises a support portion, which is here in the form of a conveyor 91. The conveyor 91 moves in a continuous manner in a counter-clockwise direction about two spaced cylinders 92, 93. Above the conveyor 91 there is arranged a distribution tube 95 for supplying fluid, which binds a group of pipes or manifolds 96, i devices with multiple mouths. Each head 96 with multiple mouths contains at least one set of very small diameter holes, such that there are 12 or more such holes per cm in length in each set. The manifold 95 is equipped with manometers 97 and valves 98 for regulating fluid pressure in each manifold or manifold. (Not shown) means for supplying the distribution pipe 95 with elevated temperature water. A suction portion 99 is arranged under each mouthpiece or dispensing tube to remove excess water during fabrication and to prevent flooding of the foil area being transformed into a hole. The starting film 67 intended for processing into the hole film 68 according to the invention is introduced onto the conveyor belt, which represents the supporting part. The starter film travels under the distributor head 96, where it is treated by jets of water flowing from the mouth of the distributor head. The pressure of the flowing water jets from the respective distribution head 96 is adjusted by the pressure valves 98 to the desired value. The water pressure in the distribution heads 96 should be at least about 35 bar and can go up to 105 bar or even higher. In the process of making punched films according to the present invention, it is preferred that the individual distributor heads 96 spray water at the same pressure. Referring to FIG. However, the given number is not decisive, since the number of distribution heads depends on the thickness of the starting foil, the speed of the conveyor belt, the set pressure, the number of sets of openings in the respective distribution head 96, etc. When the hole foil 68 travels between the water jets and the suction portion 99, it travels over the additional suction slot 99a to remove excess water from it. The conveyor belt constituting the supporting part may be made of relatively rigid material and may comprise a plurality of laths. Each lath extends over the width of the conveyor and has a groove on one side and a nose on the other, so that the nose of one lath engages with the groove of the adjacent lath, allowing the adjacent laths to move about one another and to allow relatively rigid laths to be used in the design the conveyor of FIG. 21. Alternatively, the support portion may be a woven sieve having raised foil-bearing locations and lowlands into which the foil is immersed when machined.
Na sl. 22 je ponazorjena prednostna naprava za izdelavo luknjanih folij po predloženem izumu. Naprava 100 obsega vrtljiv boben 101. Boben ima na satovje spominjajočo zgradbo, da je skozenj možen prehod fluidov, vrti se v protiurnem smislu in nosi podporni del v obliki podolgovatega valja ali tulca 103, razporejenega na njegovi zunanji površini. Okoli dela zunanjosti bobna je razporejena razdelilna cev 105. ki veže skupino tračnih razdelilnih glav 106 za dovajanje vode na raztegljivo termoplastično startno folijo 107, ki jo nosi zunanja površina tulca 103. Vsaka tračna razdelilna glava obsega niz zelo drobnih enotnih okroglih luknjic. Premer teh luknjic naj bo v razponu od okoli 0,0127 cm do okoli 0,0254 cm. Pri tem gre za lahko celo do 50 ali 60 ali več luknjic na dolžinski cm, če je treba. Vodo usmerjamo skozi odprtine pod pritiskom, tako da obstajajo curki, ki bijejo ob zgornjo površino startne folije v stičnem ali luknjalnem polju pod razdelilnimi glavami. Pritisk vode, dotekajoče v razdelilne glave, uravnavajo (neoznačeni) tlačni ventili, stanje pritiska pa kažejo manometri 110. Boben je povezan s ponikovalno posodo 112, v kateri lahko vzdržujemo podtlak za olajšanje odstranjevanja vode, da ne pride do zalitja luknjalnega polja. Startno folijo 107 med obratovanjem položimo na podporni del 103 pred razdelilnimi glavami 106 za izbrizgavanje vode. Folija 107 potuje pod razdelilnimi glavami, kjer se preoblikuje v luknjano folijo po izumu.In FIG. 22 is a preferred device for making punched films according to the present invention. The apparatus 100 comprises a rotating drum 101. The drum has a honeycomb-like structure that allows fluid to pass through, rotates counter-clockwise and carries a support portion in the form of an elongated cylinder or sleeve 103 arranged on its outer surface. A partition tube 105 is arranged around a portion of the exterior of the drum. It binds a group of strip distributor heads 106 for supplying water to a stretchable thermoplastic starter film 107 carried by the outer surface of the sleeve 103. Each strip distributor head comprises a series of very small, uniform circular holes. The diameter of these holes should range from about 0.0127 cm to about 0.0254 cm. These can be up to 50 or 60 or more holes per cm in length, if necessary. We direct the water through the openings under pressure so that there are jets that protrude along the upper surface of the starting foil in the contact or hole field under the distributor heads. Water flowing into the distributor heads is controlled by (unmarked) pressure valves, and the pressure status is indicated by pressure gauges 110. The drum is connected to a sink tank 112, in which a vacuum can be maintained to facilitate removal of water to prevent the hole field from being filled. The starting foil 107 is placed on the support part 103 in front of the distribution heads 106 for water injection during operation. The foil 107 travels under the distributor heads, where it is transformed into a hole foil according to the invention.
PRIMER 1EXAMPLE 1
Luknjano plastično folijo, kakršno kažejo skice sl. 1 do 5, smo naredili z napravo 100 s sl. 22, opremljeno s podpornim delom, kakršnega kažejo skice sl. 17 do 19. Startno gradivo je bilo 0.00254 cm debela folija z izboklinami, ki je vsebovala 50 ut.% linearnega polietilena majhne gostote in 50 ut.% polietilena majhne gostote. Folija je bila dobljena pri Εχχοη Corporation pod oznako EMB-533. Ta folija je imela mehčišče pri 80 °C, tališče pri 120 °C, gostoto 0,91 in 460% podaljšanja pri počenju v smeri stroja ter 630% v prečni smeri. Folija ima natezno trdnost 0,53 daN/cm v LS in 0,45 daN/cm v TS.The punched plastic foil as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, is made with the apparatus 100 of FIG. 22, provided with a support portion as shown in the drawings of FIG. 17 to 19. The starting material was a 0.00254 cm thick film with projections containing 50% by weight of low density polyethylene and 50% by weight of low density polyethylene. The foil was obtained from Εχχοη Corporation under the code EMB-533. This film had a softening point at 80 ° C, a melting point at 120 ° C, a density of 0.91 and 460% elongation at break in the machine direction and 630% in the transverse direction. The foil has a tensile strength of 0.53 daN / cm in LS and 0.45 daN / cm in TS.
Podporni del 103 je bil zasnovan kot valjast tulec, ki je bil nameščen nad nosilnim bobnom 101, kot kaže sl. 22. Zunanja površina podpornega delaje bila zasnovana tako, kot to v splošnem kažejo skice sl. 17 do 19. Osnova 78 je merila 0,076 cm. Višina nosilnih elementov 71, merjena od osnove 78 do grebena 74, je merila 0,191 cm. Šlo je za 4,7 takih nosilnih elementov 71 na cm, merjeno vzdolž referenčne črteThe support portion 103 was designed as a cylindrical sleeve that was mounted above the support drum 101, as shown in FIG. 22. The outer surface of the support work has been designed as generally shown in the drawings of FIG. 17 to 19. Base 78 measured 0.076 cm. The height of the supporting elements 71, measured from the base 78 to the ridge 74, measured 0.191 cm. These were 4.7 such supporting elements 71 per cm, measured along the reference line
A-A s sl. 18. Nosilni elementi 71 so bili po obodu poravnani na zunanji površini tulca, t.j. poravnani tako, da je bila referenčna črta B-B po sl. 18 vzporedna s stranicama tulca.A-A of FIG. 18. The bearing members 71 were aligned around the periphery of the sleeve around the circumference, i.e. aligned so that the reference line B-B of FIG. 18 parallel to the sides of the sleeve.
Kot kaže sl. 19, je razmik X med sosednima nosilnima deloma 71 pri zgornji površini 65a osnovnega dela 65 meril 0,152 cm. Razmik Y med sosednima nosilnima deloma pri njunih grebenih 74 je meril 0,229 cm. Odprtine 80 so bile okrogle in so imele premer velikosti 0,091 cm. Odprtine 80a, 80b in 80c po sl. 18 so bile razmaknjene za 0,112 cm, merjeno od središča do središča, odprtine 80d pa so bile od sosednih odprtin 80c in 80e razmaknjene za 0,145 cm, merjeno od središča do središča. Tak vzorec razmikov odprtin je bil enotno rabljen po vsem podpornem delu.As FIG. 19, the spacing X between adjacent bearing portions 71 measured 0.152 cm at the upper surface 65a of the base portion 65. The Y spacing between adjacent bearing sections at their ridges 74 measured 0.229 cm. The openings 80 were round and had a diameter of 0.091 cm. The openings 80a, 80b and 80c of FIG. 18 were spaced 0.112 cm from center to center, and openings 80d were 0.145 cm from center to center adjacent openings 80c and 80e. Such pattern of spacing of openings was uniformly used throughout the support work.
Valjasti tulec, ki vsebuje podporni del 103, je bil narejen iz acetalne kopolimerne smole Celcon CE-4 tvrdke Hoechst-Celanese. Če je treba, se lahko uporabijo drugi materiali, kot je aluminij, preoblikovani v omenjeni valjasti tulec.The cylindrical sleeve containing the support part 103 was made of acetone copolymer resin Celcon CE-4 of Hoechst-Celanese hard. If necessary, other materials such as aluminum transformed into said cylindrical sleeve may be used.
V postopku izdelave luknjane folije po tem PRIMERU 1 smo uporabili samo tri od petih razdelilnih glav 106 s sl. 22. Vsaka glava 106 ima en sam niz ustij premera 0,0127 cm, pri čemer je v nizu 19,7 takih ustij na cm. Vsaka glava 106 je bila tako postavljena, da so ustja ležala na odmiku 2,22 cm nad grebeni 74 pokončnih nosilnih elementov 71. V razdelilno cev 105 smo pošiljali segreto vodo in jo brizgali iz treh razdelilnih glav 106. Vodo smo trem razdelilnim glavam pošiljali pod pritiskom okoli 43 bar in s temperaturo 71 °C, Startno folijo 107 smo vodili od zalogovnega zvitka (ni prikazan na sl. 22) na zunanjo površino podpornega dela 103, ki je imel sinusoidno speljane grebene, ki smo jih pravkar opisali. Razume se, da je med postopkom bila folija na grebenih 74. Nosilni boben 101, ki je nosil podporni del 103, je pogonski mehanizem (ni nakazan v skicah) vrtel z obodno hitrostjo 15,24 m/min. Vodo, kije tekla skozi odprtine 80 v podpornem delu 64 in skozi nosilni boben 101, smo odvajali s sesanjem preko ponikovalne posode 112 in jo vračali v razdelilno cev 105. Po preteku folije pod bremenom razdelilnih glav 106 smo tedaj luknjano folijo 108 vodili v polje 113 za odstranitev vode. Luknjano folijo 108 smo zatem odstranili s podpornega dela s pomočjo cepilnega valja 109 in jo vodili po zunanji površini luknjanega valja 111, delujočega pod podtlakom za odstranitev sleherne zaostale procesne vode pred nadaljnjo obdelavo.In the process of making punched film according to this EXAMPLE 1, only three of the five distributor heads 106 of FIG. 22. Each head 106 has a single set of mouths of 0.0127 cm in diameter, with a series of 19.7 such mouths per cm. Each head 106 was positioned so that the mouths were 2.22 cm above the ridges 74 of the vertical support elements 71. We heatedly dispensed water into the distribution tube 105 and sprayed it from three distribution heads 106. The water was sent to three distribution heads under at about 43 bar and at 71 ° C, the starting foil 107 was guided from the stock roll (not shown in FIG. 22) to the outer surface of the support portion 103, which had sinusoidal ridges just described. It is understood that during the process, the foil on the ridges was 74. The carrier drum 101, which supported the support portion 103, rotated the drive mechanism (not shown in the drawings) at a circumferential speed of 15.24 m / min. The water flowing through the openings 80 in the support part 64 and through the support drum 101 was sucked out via a suction container 112 and returned to the distribution tube 105. After passing the foil under the load of the distribution heads 106, the hole film 108 was then guided into box 113 to remove water. The puncture film 108 was then removed from the support portion by means of a splitting roller 109 and guided through the outer surface of the puncture roller 111 operating under vacuum to remove any residual process water before further treatment.
Luknjana folija, narejena po postopku tega PRIMERA 1, je bila zgrajena tako, kot smo to opisali zgoraj v zvezi s skicami sl. 1 do 5.The punch film made according to the procedure of this EXAMPLE 1 was constructed as described above with reference to the drawings of FIG. 1 to 5.
PRIMER 2EXAMPLE 2
Nadaljnjo luknjano folijo smo naredili ob uporabi naprave in postopka, opisanih v PRIMERU 1, razen da smo vodo dovajali trem razdelilnim glavam 106 pri pritisku okoli 42 bar. Startno gradivo je bilo 0,00254 cm debela folija z izboklinami, ki je vsebovala zmes polietilena majhne gostote in linearnega polietilena majhne gostote. Folijo smo nabavili pri tvrdki Edison Plastic, Edison, New Jersey, pod oznako MFST 141. Ta folija je imela v smeri stroja natezno trdnost 0,59 daN/cm in podaljšanje 245% pri utrgu, prečno na stroj pa natezno trdnost 0,39 daN/cm ter podaljšanje 650% pri utrgu. Dobljeno luknjano folijo smo testirali in ugotovili, da ima naslednje lastnosti:Further hole foil was made using the apparatus and procedure described in EXAMPLE 1, except that water was supplied to the three distributor heads 106 at a pressure of about 42 bar. The starting material was a 0.00254 cm thick film with protuberances containing a mixture of low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene. The foil was purchased from Edison Plastic, Edison, New Jersey, under the MFST 141. This foil had a tensile strength of 0.59 daN / cm in the machine direction and a 245% extension at the tear, and a tensile strength of 0.39 daN transversely to the machine. / cm and an extension of 650% at the tender. The obtained hole film was tested and found to have the following properties:
Natezno trdnost v LS in TS smo določali na 2,54 cm (= 1) širokih vzorcih luknjane folije z aparatom Instron Testing Machine po ASTM Test Melhod D-882.Tensile strength in LS and TS was determined on 2.54 cm (= 1) wide specimens of punctured foil with Instron Testing Machine according to ASTM Test Melhod D-882.
Odprto polje [%] smo določili z aparatom Quantimet Q520 Image Analyzer, ki ga je prodala tvrdka Cambridge Instruments Ltd.The open field [%] was determined with the Quantimet Q520 Image Analyzer, sold by Cambridge Instruments Ltd.
Odprto polje in EHD luknjane folije smo določili z analizo slik. Analiza slik v bistvu pretvori optično sliko iz svetlobnega mikroskopa v elektronski signal, ki je primeren za obdelavo. Elektronski žarek skenira sliko po črtah (črto za črto). Ko je skenirana vsaka črta, se v odvisnosti od osvetlitve menja izhodni signal. Bela polja ustvarjajo visoko napetost in črna nizko. Dobi se slika luknjane folije in v tej sliki so luknje v luknjani foliji bele, medtem ko so trdna polja termoplastičnega gradiva na različnih nivojih siva. Čim bolj gosta so trdna polja, tem bolj temno siva polja nastanejo. Vsaka črta slike, ki jo merimo, se deli na vzorčne točke. Tako analizo izvajamo z aparatom Quanlimet Q520 Image Analyzer, ki ga prodaja tvrdka LEICA /Cambridge Instruments Ltd. Aparat uporablja softver Version 4.0 z Grey Store Option (opcija shranjevanja sivega). Uporabili smo svetlobni mikroskop Olympus SZH Microscope z osnovo transmitirane svetlobe in planim objektivom 0.5Χ. Slika je narejena z videokamero ČOHU.The open field and EHD of the hole foil were determined by image analysis. Image analysis essentially converts an optical image from a light microscope into an electronic signal that is suitable for processing. The electron beam scans the image line by line (line by line). When each line is scanned, the output signal changes depending on the illumination. White fields create high voltage and black low. An image of the hole film is obtained and in this image the holes in the hole film are white, while the solid fields of thermoplastic material are gray at different levels. The denser the solid fields are, the darker the gray fields are. Each line of the image we measure is divided into sample points. This analysis is performed with the Quanlimet Q520 Image Analyzer, sold by LEICA / Cambridge Instruments Ltd. The device uses Version 4.0 software with Gray Store Option (option to save gray). We used an Olympus SZH Microscope light microscope with a transmitted light base and a 0.5Χ flat lens. The image was taken with a ČOHU camcorder.
Luknjane folije se pripravljajo za analiziranje s pokrivanjem z naprševanjem (30 s) v aparatu (za pokrivanje z naprševanjem) Polaron II HD, ki prozorna polja folije naredi neprozorna. Vzorci se montirajo na steklene ploščice velikosti 76,2 mm x 101,6 mm (3x4) z uporabo obojestransko lepljivega traku (na konceh ploščic), da so luknjane folije položajno stabilne.The punctured foils are prepared for analysis by spraying (30 s) in a Polaron II HD (spraying) apparatus that makes the transparencies transparent. The samples are mounted on 76.2 mm x 101.6 mm (3x4) glass tiles using double-sided adhesive tape (at the ends of the tiles) to keep the puncture sheets positionally stable.
Reprezentativni košček vsake luknjane folije, ki naj jo analiziramo, namestimo na mizo mikroskopa in jo izostrimo na video zaslonu z 10-kratno povečavo. Odprto polje določimo iz meritev polja reprezentativnih območij. Izhod programa Qu,antimei poroča o srednji vrednosti in standardni deviaciji za vsak vzorec.Place a representative slice of each hole film to be analyzed on a microscope table and sharpen it on a 10x magnification video screen. The open field is determined from the field measurements of representative areas. Qu program output, antimei reports the mean and standard deviation for each sample.
EHD (ekvivalentni hidravlični premer) odprtin merimo pri 20-kratni povečavi. Quantimet preračunava EHD iz merjenega območja in obsega vsake odprtine po obrazcuThe EHD (equivalent hydraulic diameter) of the openings is measured at 20x magnification. Quantimet calculates the EHD from the measured area and the size of each opening according to the form
EHD = 4 A)P.EHD = 4 A) P.
kjer sta^l = območje odprtine in P = obseg odprtine.where ^ l = aperture area and P = aperture range.
Izhod programa Quantimet sporoča vrednosti EHD in standardno deviacijo za vsak vzorec.The Quantimet output reports the EHD and standard deviation values for each sample.
Vrednosti EHD lahko določamo tudi po postopku testiranja, kakršen je razkrit v US 4324276, ki smo ga omenili na začetku.EHD values can also be determined by the test procedure as disclosed in US 4324276, which was mentioned initially.
Srednjo vrednost, standardno deviacijo (SZ)) in variacijski koeficient (VK) določamo z uporabo standardnih postopkov statistike. VK določimo po obrazcuThe mean, standard deviation (SZ)) and variation coefficient (VK) are determined using standard statistical procedures. VK is determined by the form
VK = [SD / srednja vrednost] x 100%.VK = [SD / mean] x 100%.
Variacijski koeficient parametra EHD je kazalec spremenljivosti velikosti malih luknjic v luknjani foliji, izražen kot njihov ekvivalentni hidravlični premer. Če so vse male luknjice enakega EHD, ni nikakršnega spreminjanja v EHD, VK parametra EHD je zato 0%. Večji VK parametra EHD pomenijo večje spremembe velikosti malih luknjic, izražene z njihovim EHD. Če se VK parametra EHD luknjanih folij, narejenih po naukih tega izuma, veča, folije čedalje bolj dobivajo izgled iz vlakninskih tkiv narejenih netkanih blagov iz stanja tehnike.The variation coefficient of the EHD parameter is an indicator of the variability of the size of the small holes in the hole film, expressed as their equivalent hydraulic diameter. If all the small holes are equal to EHD, there is no change in EHD, the VK of the EHD parameter is therefore 0%. Larger VKs of the EHD parameter mean larger changes in the size of the small holes, expressed by their EHD. As the VK of the EHD parameter of hole films made according to the teachings of the present invention increases, the films are increasingly getting the appearance of fibrous tissues of non-woven fabric made from the prior art.
Vrednosti skoznjega preboja tekočine smo določili takole: Pri testu skoznjega preboja merimo čas, ki je potreben količini 5 cm3 testne vode, da preteče skozi eliptično odprtino, katere glavna os meri 3,81 cm in mala os 1,9 cm. Testni fluid je sintetičen menstrualni fluid, ki je primerljiv s karakteristikami, viskoznostjo, barvo in ionskimi lastnostmi toka menstrualnega fluida ženske. Ploščo iz pleksi stekla debeline 1,27 cm z opisano eliptično odprtino smo namestili na absorpcijsko blazinico take vrste, kot se uporabljajo za higienske vložke, s tem da je omenjena blazinica bila ovita v material, ki smo ga testirali. Skozi eliptično odprtino v plošči iz pleksi stekla smo nato zlili 5 (pet) cm3 zgoraj omenjene testne tekočine. Čas prebijanja, merjen v sekundah, smo beležili kot čas med vnosom in zginotjem fluida na površini materiala, ki smo ga testirali.The breakthrough values for the fluid were determined as follows: In the breakthrough test, we measure the time it takes for a quantity of 5 cm 3 of test water to flow through an elliptical orifice whose main axis measures 3.81 cm and the small axis 1.9 cm. Test fluid is a synthetic menstrual fluid that is comparable to the characteristics, viscosity, color and ionic properties of a woman's menstrual fluid flow. The 1.27 cm thick plexiglass plate with the elliptical opening described above was mounted on an absorbent pad of the type used for hygienic inserts, with said pad being wrapped in the material being tested. Through the elliptical opening in the plexiglass plate, 5 (five) cm 3 of the test fluid mentioned above was then poured. Breakthrough time, measured in seconds, was recorded as the time between fluid intake and disappearance on the surface of the material being tested.
PRIMER 3EXAMPLE 3
Luknjano plastično folijo s sl. 6 do 10 smo izdelali na napravi 100 s sl. 22, opremljeno s podpornim delom 103. kakršnega kažeta skici sl. 23 in 24. V tem slučaju je podporni del 103 obsegal množico štiristranih piramid 121, razporejenih v nizih 122 in stolpcih 123. Piramide so segale v splošnem kvišku z zgornje površine 65a osnovnega dela 65 podpornega dela 64. Nizi piramid so bili razporejeni vodoravno, stolpci piramid pa navpično, kot kaže sl. 23. Nizi 122 piramid so bili poravnani vzporedno z osjo vrtenja bobna 101. Stolpci piramid so bili poravnani pravokotno na nize in v smeri vzporedno s smerjo vrtenja bobna 101, tako da so med obratovanjem naprave 100 stolpci piramid bili poravnani vzporedno s strojno smerjo naprave in strojno smerjo termoplastične folije, ki smo jo na njej obdelovali. Kot vidimo s sl. 23, so bile piramide v poljubnem nizu zamaknjene glede na piramide vsakega od neposredno sosednih nizov.The punched plastic film of FIG. 6 to 10 were made on apparatus 100 of FIG. 22, provided with a support portion 103. as shown in FIG. 23 and 24. In this case, support part 103 consisted of a plurality of four-sided pyramids 121 arranged in rows 122 and columns 123. The pyramids extended in a general quiz from the upper surface 65a of base part 65 of support 64. The pyramid strings were arranged horizontally, columns and the pyramids are vertical, as shown in FIG. 23. Rows 122 of the pyramids were aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 101. The columns of the pyramids were aligned perpendicularly to the strings and in a direction parallel to the direction of rotation of the drum 101, so that during operation of the device 100, the columns of the pyramids were aligned parallel to the machine direction of the device and machine direction of the thermoplastic film we worked on it. As can be seen from FIG. 23, the pyramids were displaced in any sequence relative to the pyramids of each of the directly adjacent arrays.
Podporni element je nadalje obsegal množico odprtin 125, speljanih po debelini osnovnega dela 65. Odprtine 125 so bile okrogle in so bile premera 0,081 cm. Kot se vidi s sl. 23, so odprtine 125 skoraj bile, a ne povsem, v stiku z vsako neposredno sosedno piramido 121 v določenem stolpcu 123; z drugimi besedami, premer odprtin 125 je bil domala enak razmiku med vznožnima vogaloma 121a, 121 b poljubnih dveh sosednih piramid v stolpcu 123. Kot lahko vidimo na obeh skicah sl. 23 in 24, pa so odprtine 125 bile za malo odmaknjene od vsake od neposredno sosednih piramid 121 v nizu 122; z drugimi besedami, premer odprtin 125 je bil manjši od razmika med vznožnima vogaloma 121c. 121d poljubnih dveh sosednih piramid v določenem nizu 122.The support element further comprised a plurality of openings 125 extending over the thickness of the base portion 65. The openings 125 were round and 0.081 cm in diameter. As can be seen from FIG. 23, the openings 125 were almost, but not entirely, in contact with each directly adjacent pyramid 121 in a particular column 123; in other words, the diameter of the openings 125 was almost equal to the distance between the base corners 121a, 121 b of any two adjacent pyramids in column 123. As can be seen in both sketches of FIG. 23 and 24, however, openings 125 were slightly offset from each of the directly adjacent pyramids 121 in row 122; in other words, the diameter of the openings 125 was smaller than the distance between the foot corners 121c. 121d of any two adjacent pyramids in a given set 122.
Dolžina vsake od štirih osnovnic 131,132,133,134 piramid 121 je znašala 0,094 cm.The length of each of the four bases 131,132,133,134 of pyramids 121 was 0.094 cm.
Kot vidimo na sl. 24, je razmik 137 med vrhovoma 135 dveh neposredno sosednih piramid v nizu 122 znašal 0,183 cm. Razmik med vrhovoma 135 dveh neposredno sosednih piramid v stolpcu 123 je znašal 0,105 cm. Piramide 121 so v podpornem elementu tvorile množico medsebojno sekajočih se dolin 139, katerih vsaka je bila širine 0,089 cm, merjeno pravokotno od roba 140 piramide 144 do roba 141 sosedne piramide 145.As seen in FIG. 24, the gap 137 between the peaks 135 of two directly adjacent pyramids in row 122 was 0.183 cm. The distance between the vertices 135 of two directly adjacent pyramids in column 123 was 0.105 cm. Pyramids 121 formed, in the supporting element, a plurality of intersecting valleys 139, each of which was 0.089 cm wide, measured perpendicularly from the edge 140 of pyramid 144 to the edge 141 of adjacent pyramid 145.
Startna folija, t.j. Εχχοη EMB-533. ki smo jo uporabili v PRIMERU 1, je bila uporabljena tudi za izdelavo luknjane folije po pričujočem PRIMERU 3. Naprava 100 (razen podpornega elementa), uporabljena v tem PRIMERU 3, je bila enaka oni iz PRIMERA 1. Vodo smo dovajali trem razdelilnim glavam pod pritiskom okoli 112 bar in s temperaturo 32 °C. Nosilni boben 101, ki je nosil podporni del, kakršnega smo opisali v zvezi s skicama sl. 23 in 24, seje vrtel s hitrostjo 15,24 m/min.Starting foil, i.e. Εχχοη EMB-533. which was used in EXAMPLE 1 was also used to produce the punctured foil according to the present EXAMPLE 3. The apparatus 100 (except the support element) used in this EXAMPLE 3 was the same as that of EXAMPLE 1. Water was supplied to three distributor heads under at about 112 bar and at 32 ° C. The carrier drum 101, which bore the support portion as described in connection with the drawings of FIG. 23 and 24, sits at a speed of 15.24 m / min.
Dobljena luknjana folija je bila zgrajena tako, kot smo to že opisali zgoraj v zvezi s skicami sl. 6 do 10. Folija je imela naslednje fizikalne lastnosti:The resulting hole film was constructed as described above with reference to the drawings of FIG. 6 to 10. The foil had the following physical characteristics:
Natezna trdnost v smeri stroja (LS) 0,20 daN/cmTensile strength in the machine direction (LS) 0.20 daN / cm
Natezna trdnost prečno na stroj (TS) 0,23 daN/cmTensile strength transverse to machine (TS) 0.23 daN / cm
Odprto polje 7,2 %Open field 7.2%
Debelina 0,0659 cmThickness 0.0659 cm
Trajanje prebijanja 28 sBreak time 28 s
Po skici sl. 6 je srednji EHD malih luknjic 47 v luknjani foliji iz tega PRIMERA 3 znašal 0,00859 cm. Variacijski koeficient parametra EHD malih luknjic 47 je znašal 157%. Luknjana folija je vsebovala tudi množico večjih lukenj 42, pri čemer so te večje luknje 42 nastale, ko so vodni curki med obdelavo tolkli startno folijo na vrhove piramid 121 podpore. Srednji EHD večjih lukenj 42 v luknjani foliji po tem PRIMERU 3 je znašal 0,044 cm. Posledica široke variacije velikosti malih luknjic - po VK parametra EHD je le-ta znašala 157% - je bila luknjana folija, katere izgled je mnogo bolj spominjal na netkano blago, narejeno iz vlakninskega tkiva. Nedvomno pa se pojavu večjih lukenj 42 v luknjani foliji, takih, o katerih je tu govor, lahko izognemo, če predvidimo piramide z zaobljenimi namesto ostrimi vrhovi.According to the sketch of FIG. 6, the mean EHD of the small holes 47 in the hole foil of this EXAMPLE 3 was 0.00859 cm. The variation coefficient of the EHD parameter of small holes 47 was 157%. The punctured film also contained a plurality of larger holes 42, these larger holes 42 being formed when water jets punched the starting foil during the treatment to the tops of the pyramids 121 of the support. The mean EHD of the larger holes 42 in the foil according to EXAMPLE 3 was 0.044 cm. The wide variation in the size of the small holes - 157% of the EHD parameter EK - resulted in a holey foil whose appearance was much more like a non-woven fabric made from fibrous tissue. Undoubtedly, the appearance of larger holes 42 in the hole foil, such as those discussed here, can be avoided by providing pyramids with rounded instead of sharp peaks.
Izkazalo se je, da je luknjana folija iz PRIMERA 3 posebno uporabna kot krovna plast za higienske vložke.The HOLE foil of EXAMPLE 3 has proven to be particularly useful as a cover layer for hygienic liners.
PRIMER 4EXAMPLE 4
Luknjano plastično folijo, ki jo kažejo skice sl. 11 do 15, smo naredili na napravi 100 s sl. 22, opremljeni z valjastim podpornim delom 103, kije bil zasnovan po skicah sl. 25 in 26. Podporni del 103 je obsegal osnovni del 65 z množico okroglih odprtin 151, razporejenih v nizih 152 in stolpcih 153. Nizi 152 so bili razporejeni vodoravno, stolpci 153 pa navpik, kot vidimo s sl. 25. Nizi 152 so bili poravnani vzporedno z osjo vrtenja nosilnega bobna 103. Stolpci 153 so bili poravnani pravokotno na nize 152 in vzporedno s smerjo vrtenja bobna 101, tako da so med obratovanjem naprave 100 stolpci 153 tekli vzporedno s strojno smerjo (LS) naprave in strojno smerjo folije, ki smo jo obdelovali. Kot vidimo s sl. 25, so bile okrogle odprtine poljubnega danega niza zamaknjene v vodoravni smeri glede na okrogle odprtine v vsakem od neposredno sosednih nizov.The punctured plastic film shown in FIGS. 11 to 15, we have made on device 100 of FIG. 22, provided with a cylindrical support part 103, which was designed according to the drawings of FIG. 25 and 26. The support portion 103 comprised the base portion 65 with a plurality of circular openings 151 arranged in rows 152 and columns 153. The rows 152 were arranged horizontally and the columns 153 vertically, as seen in FIG. 25. The arrays 152 were aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the support drum 103. Columns 153 were aligned perpendicularly to the strings 152 and parallel to the direction of rotation of the drum 101, so that during operation of the device 100 columns 153 ran parallel to the machine direction (LS) of the device. and the machine direction of the foil we were processing. As can be seen from FIG. 25, the round apertures of any given string were offset horizontally relative to the round apertures in each of the directly adjacent arrays.
Okrogle odprtine 151 so bile premera okoli 0,103 cm. Razmik središč med okroglima odprtinama v nizu 152 je znašal okoli 0,17 cm, razmik središč med okroglima odprtinama v stolpcu 153 pa okoli 0,104 cm.The circular openings 151 were about 0.103 cm in diameter. The center spacing between round holes in row 152 was about 0.17 cm, and the center spacing between round holes in column 153 was about 0.104 cm.
Podporni del 103, ki je bil zasnovan, kot smo pravkar opisali in kot kažeta skici sl. 25 in 26, je bil v obliki valjastega tulca, ki je bil nameščen čez nosilni boben 101. Startna folija je bila Εχχοη EMB-533, kot v dosedanjih PRIMERIH 1 do 3. Temperatura vode, dovajane štirim razdelilnim glavam 106, je znašala 21 °C. Voda je v razdelilne glave pritekala pod pritiskom okoli 56 bar. Voda je iz ustij iztekala v obliki zelo drobnih curkov. Nosilni boben 101 se je vrtel s hitrostjo okoli 1,5 m/min. Dobili smo luknjano folijo, kakršna je opisana zgoraj in predstavljena na skicah sl. 11 do 16.Supporting part 103, which has been designed as described above and as shown in the drawings of FIG. 25 and 26, was in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, which was mounted over the carrier drum 101. The starting foil was Εχχοη EMB-533, as in EXAMPLES EXAMPLES 1 to 3. The water temperature supplied to the four distributor heads 106 was 21 °. C. Water flowed into the distribution heads at a pressure of about 56 bar. Water flowed from the mouth in the form of very small jets. The carrier drum 101 rotated at a speed of about 1.5 m / min. We obtained a hole film as described above and presented in the drawings of FIG. 11 to 16.
Luknjani foliji iz PRIMEROV 2 in 3 smo testirali na odstotek [%] odprtega polja, ekvivalentni hidravlični premer (EHD), variacijski koeficient (VK) parametra EHD, območje velikosti lukenj, variacijski koeficient parametra velikost lukenj, oblikovni faktor, variacijski koeficient parametra oblikovni faktor in širino vlaknom podobnih elementov. Odprto polje [%], EHD, VK parametra EHD in velikost lukenj smo določali po postopkih, ki smo jih že opisali.The punch films of EXAMPLES 2 and 3 were tested for the percentage [%] of the open field, the equivalent hydraulic diameter (EHD), the variation coefficient (VK) of the EHD parameter, the hole size range, the variation coefficient for the hole size parameter, the form factor, the variation factor for the parameter form factor and width of fiber-like elements. The open field [%], the EHD, the VK of the EHD parameter, and the hole size were determined according to the procedures previously described.
Oblikovni faktor je kazalec okroglosti luknje ali odprtine v materialu, ki ga testiramo. Oblikovni faktor (FO) se določi po obrazcuThe design factor is an indicator of the circumference of the hole or hole in the material being tested. The form factor (FO) is determined by the form
FO = P2 / K.A, kjer je P = obseg luknje ali odprtine, ki ga merimo, A = ploščina luknje ali odprtine, in K = konstanta = 4π.FO = P 2 / KA, where P = the circumference of the hole or orifice being measured, A = the surface of the hole or orifice, and K = constant = 4π.
Za luknjo ali odprtino, kije popolno okrogla, je oblikovni faktor FO = 1. Čim višji je oblikovni faktor, tem bolj nepravilna, t.j. daleč od kroga, je po izgledu luknja ali odprtina. Materiali, ki imajo visoke variacijske koeficiente (VK) velikosti lukenj, so za opazovalca mnogo bolj podobni tekstilu, t.j., materiali zgledajo na pogled mnogo bolj podobni vsakdanjim netkanim blagovom, narejenim iz vlakninskih tkiv, in na pogled mnogo manj podobni takim plastičnim folijam, ki imajo v bistvu enotne luknje ali odprtine.For a hole or aperture that is perfectly circular, the shape factor FO = 1. The higher the shape factor, the more irregular, i.e. far from the circle, in appearance it is a hole or an opening. Materials that have high hole-size variation coefficients (VKs) are much more similar to textiles for the observer, i.e., the materials look much more like everyday non-woven fabrics made from fibrous tissue and look much less like plastic films that they have basically single holes or openings.
Pri testih, o katerih je govor, so dotikalni materiali iz stanja tehnike bili uporabljeni kot primerjalni. Prvi dotikalni material, uporabljen kot primerjalni - vzorec C v tabeli I - je bil dotikalni material, ki ga najdemo pri higienskih vložkih znamke Kotex vrste Super-Maxi, ki jih prodaja tvrdka Kimberty-Clark Corporation. Drugi dotikalni material, uporabljen kot primerjalni - vzorec D v tabeli I - je bil dotikalni material, ki se ga dobi pri higienskih vložkih znamke Always vrste Maxi-Pads, ki jih prodaja tvrdka The Procter & Gamble Company. Tretji dotikalni material, uporabljen kot primerjalni - vzorec E v tabeli I - je bil dotikalni material, kakršnega dobiš pri higienskih vložkih vrste Sure & Natural, ki jih prodaja tvrdka Personal Products Company. Vzorec A v tabeli I ustreza luknjani foliji, ki je narejena po zgornjem PRIMERU 2, vzorec B pa luknjani foliji, narejeni po zgornjem PRIMERU 3.In the tests in question, touch materials of the prior art were used as comparative. The first touching material used as a benchmark - sample C in Table I - was the touching material found in Kotex Super-Maxi sanitary napkins sold by Kimberty-Clark Corporation. The other touching material used as the benchmark - sample D in Table I - was the touching material obtained from the Always Maxi-Pads sanitary napkins sold by The Procter & Gamble Company. The third touching material used as a benchmark - sample E in Table I - was the touching material obtained from the Sure & Natural sanitary napkins sold by Personal Products Company. Sample A in Table I corresponds to the hole foil made according to EXAMPLE 2 above, and sample B to the hole foil made according to EXAMPLE 3 above.
Dotikalni material, ki je v tabeli I označen kot vzorec C, je za tekočino prepustno netkano blago, ki vsebuje vlakna kontinuirne dolžine z v bistvu enotnimi premeri velikosti okoli 0,003 cm, pri čemer je ta material v stroki znan kot s predenjem vezano netkano blago.The touch material, designated in Table I, as sample C, is a non-woven fabric for non-woven fabric containing fibers of continuous length with substantially uniform diameters of about 0.003 cm, the material being known in the art as spinning non-woven fabric.
Dotikalni material, ki je v tabeli I označen kot vzorec D, je luknjan plastični material, kakršen je opisan na zunanjem ovitku, ki vsebuje higienske vložke, s katerega je vzet kot Dri-Weave Covering. Očitno je ta material narejen po postopku, razkritem v patentih US 4342314 in 4463045. ki sta navedena na omenjenem zunanjem ovitku.The touch material, which is identified in Table I as sample D, is a punctured plastic material such as that described on the outer cover containing hygienic inserts from which it is taken as Dri-Weave Covering. Obviously, this material is made according to the process disclosed in US Patent Nos. 4342314 and 4463045. which are mentioned on said outer cover.
Dotikalni material, ki je v tabeli I označen kot vzorec E, je bil narejen po nauku patenta US 4690679.The touching material, designated in Table I as sample E, was made following the teachings of US patent 4690679.
TABELA ITABLE I
* = premeri vlaken # = širina plastičnega materiala med luknjami* = fiber diameters # = width of plastic material between holes
Rezultati testov so razvidni iz tabele I. Vidimo, da so luknjane termoplastične folije predloženega izuma (tabela I, vzorca A in B) zelo podobne netkanim blagom, izdelanim iz vlakninskih tkiv (tu kot primer s predenjem vezano netkano blago vzorec C), in so povsem drugačne od luknjanih plastičnih gradiv iz stanja tehnike, tu primerov D in E.The results of the tests are shown in Table I. The perforated thermoplastic films of the present invention (Table I, samples A and B) are very similar to non-woven fabrics made from fibrous tissues (here as spunbond nonwoven fabric C), and are completely different from the perforated plastic materials of the prior art, examples D and E here.
Higienske vložke smo naredili iz za tekočino prepustnih luknjanih folij iz tukajšnjega PRIMERA 2 in dotikalnih gradiv, ki smo ju opisali zgoraj in sta v tabeli I označeni kot vzorca C in E. Vložke smo testirali na čas preboja, lastnosti ponovne omočitve in lastnosti barvnega maskiranja.The hygienic inserts were made from the liquid permeable puncture films of EXAMPLE 2 herein and the touch materials described above and designated in Table I as specimens C and E. The inserts were tested for breakthrough time, re-wetting properties and color masking properties.
Higienski vložki, ki smo jih testirali, so vsebovali vpojne sredice take vrste, kot jih najdemo pri higienskih vložkih Sure & Natural, ki jih prodaja Personal Products Company, in so bili oviti z dotikalnimi materiali A, C in D. Dotikalni materiali so bili preklopljeni in spojeni na spodnji površini testnih vložkov, kot je v stroki znano, s tem da je ostala ena sama plast dotikalnega materiala na zgornji površini vložka, t.j. površini, ki se je dotika telo.The sanitary napkins we tested contained absorbent cores of the kind found in Sure & Natural sanitary pads sold by Personal Products Company, and were wrapped with touch materials A, C and D. Touch materials were switched and bonded to the lower surface of the test inserts, as known in the art, leaving a single layer of contact material on the upper surface of the insert, i. the surface that the body touches.
Čas preboja [s] za testne higienske vložke smo določili po postopku, ki smo ga opisali zgoraj. Ko je bil test prebijanja tekočine za nami, smo žez polje higienskega vložka, ki je bilo prepojeno s sintetičnim menstrualnim fluidom, uporabljenim pri postopku testiranja preboja tekočine, položili dve plasti filtrskega papirja 7,62 cm x 10,16 cm (3 x 4). Vso zgornjo površino vložka, ki smo ga testirali, smo sem in tja enkrat povaljali z valjem dolžine 12,7 cm, premera 8,26 cm in mase 1,8 kg. Količino [g] sintetičnega menstrualnega fluida, ki sta ga vpila filtrska papirja, smo imeli za vrednost ponovnega močenja.The breakthrough time [s] for test hygiene items was determined according to the procedure described above. When the fluid piercing test was behind us, we laid two layers of filter paper 7.62 cm x 10.16 cm (3 x 4) across the box of the sanitary pad soaked in the synthetic menstrual fluid used in the fluid piercing test. . All the upper surface of the cartridge we tested was weighed here and there once with a cylinder of length 12.7 cm, diameter 8.26 cm and mass 1.8 kg. The amount of [g] synthetic menstrual fluid absorbed by the filter papers was considered to be a wetting value.
Lastnosti maskiranja madeža raznih dotikalnih materialov smo določali z uporabo instrumenta Hunter Color Meter po naslednjem postopku. Higienske vložke za testiranje smo pripravili tako, da smo vpojne sredice iz kosmov lesne pulpe ovili z dotikalnimi materiali, ki smo jih želeli testirati, kot smo že opisali. Higienske vložke, pripravljene za testiranje, smo namestili čez tisti del instrumenta Hunter Color Meter, ki je predviden za sprejem vzorca, in ga pokrili s črnim steklom za kalibriranje.The masking properties of the stain of various touch materials were determined using the Hunter Color Meter using the following procedure. The hygienic test pads were prepared by wrapping absorbent cores of wood pulp with the touch materials we wanted to test, as previously described. Ready-to-test hygiene cartridges were placed over the portion of the Hunter Color Meter instrument intended to receive the sample and covered with a black calibration glass.
Zatem smo na skalah instrumenta odčitali vrednosti za L, a in h. Postopek smo še dvakrat ponovili na raznih delih vložka, ki smo ga testirali. Vrednost neprozornosti, NV, vzorca, ki smo ga testirali smo določili po obrazcu:We then read the values for L, a and h on the instrument scales. The procedure was repeated twice on various parts of the cartridge we tested. The opacity, NV, of the sample we tested was determined by the form:
NV = M / N. (100), kjer je M = digitalna odčitana vrednost z instrumenta Hunt er Color Meter z uporabljenim črnim steklom za kalibriranje, inNV = M / N. (100), where M = digital read value from Hunt er Color Meter using a black calibration glass, and
TV = digitalna odčitana vrednost z instrumenta Hunter Color Meter z uporabljenim belim steklom za kalibriranje.TV = digital color reading from Hunter Color Meter using white calibration glass.
Higienski vložki za testiranje so pokriti s ploščo iz pleksi stekla, uporabljeno za določanje časov preboja. Skozi eliptično odprtino v plošči smo vlili 5 cm3 menstrualnega fluida, opisanega zgoraj, in pustili, da ga je vložek vpil, s čimer smo simulirali madež, kot bi nastal pri stiku z dejanskim menstrualnim fluidom. Intenzivnost madeža v omadeževanem polju higienskega vložka smo nato merili z odčitavanjem vrednosti L, a in b na skalah instrumenta Hunter Color Meter. Intenzivnost madeža IM smo določili po obrazcu:The hygiene test pads are covered with a plexiglass plate used to determine breakthrough times. Through the elliptical opening in the plate, 5 cm 3 of the menstrual fluid described above was poured and allowed to be absorbed by the cartridge, simulating the stain as it would have come into contact with the actual menstrual fluid. The intensity of the stain in the fouled box of the hygiene cartridge was then measured by reading the values of L, a and b on the Hunter Color Meter scales. The intensity of the IM stain was determined by the form:
2η1/22η1 / 2
IM =[(L -L Y+(A -A Y + (b - h )21IM = [(L -L Y + (A -AY + (b - h) 2 1
S US7 L s US/ V S US/ J kjer je indeksi = vrednost, dobljena za omadeževano območje, in indeks us = vrednost, dobljena na neomadeževanem, primerjalnem območju.With US 7 L with US / VS US / J where indexes = value obtained for the fouled area and index us = value obtained in the nonfattered comparative area.
Vrednosti maskiranja madeža VMM za vsak higienski vložek z dotikalnim materialom smo nato določili po obrazcu:The VMM stain masking values for each hygienic insert with touch material were then determined using the form:
VMM = NV- IM, kjer sta NV = vrednost neprozornosti, in IM = intenzivnost madeža.VMM = NV-IM, where NV = opacity value and IM = stain intensity.
Rezultati testiranja so podani v tabeli II.Test results are given in Table II.
TABELA IITABLE II
P.s.: Material C je netkano blago, ki ima vijugasto pot za prehod fluidov. Odprto polje, določeno z merjenjem prepuščene svetlobe, ne utegne odražati skupnega polja, ki dopušča prehod fluidom.P.s .: Material C is a non-woven fabric that has a curved path for fluid passage. The open field determined by the measurement of the transmitted light may not reflect the common field allowing the passage of fluids.
Materiali A, C in D v tabeli II ustrezajo dotikalnim materialom A, C in D v tabeli I.Materials A, C, and D in Table II correspond to the materials A, C, and D in Table I.
Rezultati testiranja iz tabele II kažejo, da se z luknjanimi termoplastičnimi folijami predloženega izuma, denimo takimi, ki jih dobimo po postopku iz PRIMERA 2 (dotikalni material A v tabeli II) dobijo higienski vložki, katerih lastnosti maskiranja madeža in vrednosti ponovnega močenja so enake ali boljše od tistih pri tržno dosegljivih higienskih vložkih, pri katerih je uporabljeno bodisi s predenjem vezano netkano blago (t.j. dotikalni material C v tabeli II) ali plastičen luknjan dotikalni material (t.j. dotikalni material D v tabeli H) in katerih časi preboja so, čeprav nekoliko višji od tistih pri obstoječih tržno dosegljivih izdelkih, še vedno funkcijsko sprejemljivi. Ti ugodni rezultati so kar presenetljivi, če pomislimo, da ima tukajšnja luknjana plastična folija iz PRIMERA 2 znatno manjše odprto polje kot krovna materiala C in D iz stanja tehnike.The test results of Table II show that the punctured thermoplastic films of the present invention, such as those obtained by the process of EXAMPLE 2 (touching material A in Table II), are provided with hygienic liners whose masking properties and wetting values are the same or better than those of commercially available hygiene liners which use either spinning nonwovens (ie touching material C in Table II) or plastic punched touching material (ie touching material D in Table H) and whose break times are, albeit slightly higher than those of existing commercially available products, still functionally acceptable. These favorable results are quite surprising when one considers that the punched plastic film of EXAMPLE 2 here has a significantly smaller open field than the prior art C and D materials.
Za opredelitev razlik vlečnega razmerja med vlakenskimi elementi in deli polimernega folijskega materiala poleg teh vlakenskih elementov v luknjanih folijskih izdelkih po predloženem izumu smo uporabili instrument Fourier Trcmsform Jnfm-Red (FTIR) s priključkom za mikroskop. Naj spomnimo, da pri obdelavi materiala po predloženem izumu startna folija leži na vrhovih podpornega dela in da se pod vplivom udara vodnih curkov nepodprti deli startnega materiala ukrivijo dol proti vgreznjenim območjem ali dolinam podpornega dela in delno vanje.A Fourier Trcmsform Jnfm-Red (FTIR) instrument with a microscope connector was used to determine the differences in the drag ratio between the fiber elements and the parts of the polymeric foil material in addition to these fiber elements in the punctured foil products of the present invention. It should be remembered that in the treatment of the material according to the present invention, the starting foil lies on the tops of the support part and that under the influence of water jet impact, the unsupported parts of the starting material bend down towards the depressed areas or valleys of the support part and partially into them.
To deformiranje ali razpiranje se nadaljuje vse dotlej, da startna folija poči v obsegu majhnih luknjic in med njimi vlaknom podobnih elementov, kakršni so značilni za luknjane folije po izumu. Razpiranje ali vlečenje je lokalizirano, tako da glavnina razpiranja ali vlečenja pade na tista območja startne folije, ki postanejo vlakenski elementi. Namen tega testa je določiti razliko v razprtju, ki seje pojavilo v vlakenskih elementih, in v polimernem materialu ob teh poljih vlakenskih elementov.This deformation or cracking is continued until the starting film bursts in the range of the small holes and the fiber-like elements typical of the hole films according to the invention. Spreading or pulling is localized so that the bulk of the spreading or pulling falls on those areas of the starting foil that become fiber elements. The purpose of this test is to determine the difference in diffraction occurring in the fiber elements and in the polymeric material adjacent to these fiber element fields.
Te meritve smo izvajali na dvopodestnem FTIR spektrometru (FTIR Model 1800, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT), opremljenem z IR mikroskopom raziskovalne stopnje (IRPLAN infrardeči mikroskop Spectra Tech, Stamford, CT), ki je delal po načinu s presvetljevanjem. Ob uporabi srednjetračnega živosrebrovokadmijevega telurita (MCT) velikosti 1 mm2 in leče (IR) objektiva 15Χ cassigrain smo dobili IR spektre. Spektre smo skenirali z resolucijo 2 cm'1 med 4000 in 600 cm'1. Uporabljeni podatkovni interval smo omejili na 1 (s/spekter) za resolucijo 2 cm'1. Parameter načina obratovanja za ozadje in za primerke luknjane folije, ki smo jih preiskovali, je bil isti, razen Jacquinotovega mejnika, ki je bil 1 za ozadje in 4 za obdelovane primerke. V vseh slučajih smo uporabili normalno Hays-Ganzelovo dokazovalno (apodizacijsko) funkcijo. Vse vzorce smo skenirali 200-krat s potrebnimi odprtinami na mestu. Ena zbirka posnetkov ozadja je bila uporabljena za razporeditev sledečih spektrov testa vzorcev. Spekter ozadja je bil dobljen z uporabo 1 mm velike odprtine v kondenzatorju, 1 /im velike luknjice v pladnju za vzorec in 1,5 mm velike odprtine v zgornjem optičnem modulu. Spektri vzorcev so bili dobljeni z uporabo nadaljnjih odprtin nad vzorcem in pod njim, da se opredelijo specifična polja, ki nas zanimajo pri preskušanih vzorcih.These measurements were performed on a two-port FTIR spectrometer (FTIR Model 1800, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT) equipped with a research grade IR microscope (IRPLAN Spectra Tech infrared microscope, Stamford, CT), which worked in the illumination mode. IR spectra were obtained using a 1 mm 2 medium mercury-cadmium tellurite (MCT) and a lens (IR) of a 15Χ cassigrain lens. The spectra were scanned at a resolution of 2 cm ' 1 between 4000 and 600 cm' 1 . We limited the data interval used to 1 (s / spectrum) for a resolution of 2 cm ' 1 . The operating mode parameter for the background and for the foil specimens we examined was the same except for the Jacquinot milestone, which was 1 for the background and 4 for the processed specimens. In all cases, we used the normal Hays-Ganzel proof (apodizing) function. All samples were scanned 200 times with the necessary openings in place. One background image collection was used to schedule the following spectra of the test sample. The background spectrum was obtained using a 1 mm large aperture in the capacitor, a 1 mm large hole in the sample tray, and a 1.5 mm large aperture in the upper optical module. The spectra of the samples were obtained by using further openings above and below the sample to identify the specific fields of interest for the samples tested.
Merilno krivuljo vlečnih razmerij smo razvili s pomočjo mehanskega deformiranja materiala startne polimerne folije, pri čemer smo merili raztezke od 0 do 500% v 100%-nih inkrementih in dobivali FTIR spektre za vsak primerek.The tracer ratio curve was developed by mechanically deforming the starting polymer film material, measuring elongations from 0 to 500% in 100% increments and obtaining FTIR spectra for each specimen.
Iz vlakenskih elementov v materialu luknjane folije in iz področij neposredno ob teh vlakenskih elementih smo zatem dobili spektre. Te spektre smo primerjali s spektri merilne krivulje, iz tega pa dobili stopnjo raztezka vlakenskih elementov. Ugotovili smo. da so se vlakenski elementi luknjane folije po izumu vlekli vsaj za 100% v primerjavi s sosednimi področji startne folije, ki med obdelavo niso utrpela luknjanja.Spectra were then obtained from the fiber elements in the punched film material and from the areas immediately adjacent to these fiber elements. These spectra were compared with the spectra of the measuring curve, from which the degree of elongation of the fiber elements was obtained. We found. that the fiber elements of the puncture film of the invention were pulled at least 100% in comparison with adjacent areas of the starter film which did not suffer puncture during processing.
Glavni del vlakenskih elementov se je po ugotovitvah vlekel od okoli 200% do okoli 250% v primerjavi s sosednimi področji startne folije, ki med obdelavo niso utrpela luknjanja.The main part of the fiber elements was found to be pulled from about 200% to about 250% compared to the adjacent areas of the starter foil which did not suffer puncture during processing.
Kot smo že zapisali, lahko luknjane folije po predloženem izumu uporabimo kot dotikalni material za vpojne izdelke, kot so plenice za enkratno uporabo, higienski vložki, obveze za rane, pripomočki za primer inkontinence in podobno.As previously noted, the puncture films of the present invention can be used as a touch material for absorbent products such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, wound dressings, incontinence accessories and the like.
Ko gre za uporabo kot dotikalni material pri higienskih vložkih, je prednostno, da je malih luknjic v luknjanih plastičnih folijah po izumu zadosti mnogo, da obstaja odprto polje v razponu od okoli 1 do 15%, s tem daje število velikih lukenj (takih kot so luknje 42 v skici sl. 6) prednostno čimmanj. Zaželeno je, da ima vsaj polovica (50%) malih luknjic na foliji EHD-je v razponu med 0,00127 in 0,0635 cm. VK od EHD malih luknjic je prednostno vsaj 50%. Zaželeno je, da je ploščina vsaj tričetrt (75%) vseh malih luknjic manjša od 0,258 mm2 in da je variacijski koeficient VK ploščin malih luknjic vsaj 100%.When used as a touch material in hygienic inserts, it is preferable that the small holes in the holes of the plastic films according to the invention are sufficiently large that there is an open field in the range of about 1 to 15%, thus giving the number of large holes (such as holes 42 in Fig. 6) preferably as little as possible. It is desirable that at least half (50%) of the small holes on the foil have EHDs in the range of 0.00127 to 0.0635 cm. The VK of EHD small holes is preferably at least 50%. It is desirable that the surface area of at least three-fourths (75%) of all small holes is less than 0.258 mm 2 and that the variation coefficient of the VK of the small hole surfaces is at least 100%.
Prehajamo na skici sl. 27 in 28, ki kažeta higienski vložek 200, ki vsebuje vpojno sredico 202 iz vlaken lesne pulpe, tanko, za fluid neprepustno pregradno folijo 204 in krovni material 206, ki je lahko katerakoli folija po izumu. Krovni material je prednostno zgrajen tako, kot je predstavljeno in opisano zgoraj v zvezi s skicami sl. 1 do 5 in v PRIMERU 2. Pregradna folija 204, ki je lahko npr. tanka folija polietilena, se dotika spodnje površine vpojne sredice 202 in v določeni meri sega gor ob vzdolžnih straneh vpojne sredice. Krovni material 206 je nekoliko daljši od dolžine vpojne sredice in je ovit okoli vpojne sredice in pregradne folije, kot to kaže skica sl. 28. Vzdolžna robova krovnega materiala sta prekrita in spojena na spodnji površini vložka, kot običajno. V predstavljenem izvedbenem primeru je krovni material spojen sam s sabo na konceh 208, 210 higienskega vložka. Kot kaže sl. 28, ima higienski vložek 200 plast lepila 212 za prilepljenje vložka na spodnje perilo uporabnice. Lepilo 212 je pred uporabo zaščiteno z odstranljivim trakom 214.We proceed to the sketch of FIG. 27 and 28 showing a hygienic insert 200 comprising a wood pulp absorbent core 202, a thin, fluid-impermeable barrier foil 204 and a covering material 206, which may be any foil of the invention. The roofing material is preferably constructed as described and described above with reference to the drawings of FIG. 1 to 5 and in EXAMPLE 2. Barrier foil 204, which may be e.g. a thin film of polyethylene, touches the lower surface of the absorbent core 202 and extends to some extent up the longitudinal sides of the absorbent core. The roof material 206 is slightly longer than the length of the absorbent core and is wrapped around the absorbent core and the barrier foil, as shown in FIG. 28. The longitudinal edges of the roofing material are covered and joined at the bottom surface of the insert as usual. In the embodiment shown, the cover material is fused to itself at the ends 208, 210 of the sanitary napkin. As FIG. 28, the hygienic insert 200 has a layer of adhesive 212 for attaching the insert to the user's underwear. Adhesive 212 is protected by removable tape 214 before use.
Variacije so možne glede zgradbe tu opisanega podpornega dela. Tako npr. so piramide, ki jih kaže sl. 23, lahko tri-, pet- ali večstrane. Podporni del tudi lahko ima pokončne nosilne elemente v obliki stožcev, štiristranih izbočin itd.Variations are possible with respect to the structure of the support section described herein. So e.g. are the pyramids shown in FIG. 23, can be three-, five- or multi-sided. The support may also have upright support elements in the form of cones, four-sided projections, etc.
Claims (40)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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YU16092A YU48257B (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1992-02-18 | PERFORATED PLASTIC FILM SIMILAR TO TEXTILE AND THE PROCEDURE FOR ITS EDUCATION |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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SI9210160A true SI9210160A (en) | 1996-08-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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SI9210160A SI9210160A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1992-02-18 | Textile-like apertured plastic films |
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SI (1) | SI9210160A (en) |
YU (1) | YU48257B (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-02-18 SI SI9210160A patent/SI9210160A/en unknown
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YU16092A (en) | 1994-09-09 |
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