SI9200301A - Material for insulating pipline angle pieces and method for manufacturing it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes a technique for insulating pipe bends by a defined cutting of cylindrical shells from an insulating material. The choice of the number of sections makes it possible to obtain optimum insulation. The packaging of the cut-out elements in their position before cutting allows economical and practical packaging. <IMAGE>

Description

(57) Product intended to isolate the knees in the tube and the process for its implementation. The invention proposes a method for performing pipe knee insulation by performing a certain cutting of cylindrical molds from an insulating material. Selecting the number of sections allows optimal isolation to be obtained. Storing pre-cut elements in their pre-cutting position allows for economical and practical storage.

Sl 9200301

Ο 5. 11 92

ISOVER SAINT-GOBAIN

A product intended for the isolation of knees in a tube and the procedure for its implementation

The invention relates to products which are intended for insulating tubes and exist in the form of cylindrical nozzles and which are made from insulating foams or mineral wools, glass oxen or stone wools. It discusses in more detail the acoustic insulation and, above all, the thermal insulation of elbow-bent pipe sections in the fields of heating, industrial thermal engineering and refrigeration.

When the installer has to approach insulating the pipe, e.g. the heating pipe, while already installed inside or outside the building, has the power to do so with cylindrical insulating sleeves, called molds. These slits, which are cut in length, are placed around the tube and the process is very simple in straight sections. There are now two procedures for tube elbows: whether one uses knees that are preformed or trimmed in a piece of identical material, or one that forms a mold, or cuts elements in straight sections from them, which will allow the elbow of the tube to be covered while joined. The first process requires storing a large number of pre-formed parts that are not cheap. The second procedure, however, requires trimming on a construction site, which is more delicate as the diameter is larger, which requires a more skilled workforce and therefore a higher cost.

The invention aims at designing a process which is designed to insulate the pipe elbows and which at the same time takes into account the elbows and adjacent flat areas, which ensures good thermal effects and the lowest factory prices and should also be easy to store.

The procedures for conducting insulating sleeves using organic foams are known. As for mineral wools, there are also a number of procedures for performing insulating sleeves, called molds. This is so, the European patent application EP 205 714 proposes a process for the manufacture of molds made of inorganic fibrous material for wrapping felt consisting of fibers and binder on heated punch.

All of these processes thus allow cylinders whose inner diameter corresponds to the outer diameter of the tube to be protected and which have a layer of insulating material either from foam or a fibrous product that meets the thermal resistance to be achieved. These molds are flat elements with a length generally of one meter in size and possibly protected by plastic or metal film. These molds are cut longitudinally in radius, at least in such a way that they can be opened and a tube must be inserted inside to be protected. Although it is possible to bend products slightly with certain systems to allow them to follow a curved tube course, it is impossible to deform the product sufficiently to fit perfectly into the curved part when the curvature radius becomes very small. As a result, several processes have been developed that allow the manufacture of sleeves that are designed to fit the knees in the pipe separately.

The first of these procedures consists in cutting off the knees in the foam blocks, or in forming blocks of mineral wool, especially rock wool, that fit into straight parts on one side and the other. These knees are cut in two in their symmetrical plane, leaving a transitional slit that increases heat loss. This process, which allows to obtain elbows of good precision that fit into the barrel and that connect properly with the straight parts, is very expensive. Otherwise, conditioning the knees to bring them right to the construction site requires special packaging, which itself increases the factory price.

Another process, which is more generally used, is to be done on a construction site, in the narrower sense, in trimming, which, if possible, allows for small diameters by means of a special notch housing, such as that required by patent FR 2 633 546, to obtain a recessed triangular cross section at the desired location of the cylindrical mold, which will then allow the mold to be closed again to give it the desired angle. This very simple procedure has the advantage of allowing the construction site to reach any knee on condition that it adjusts to the trimming angle of the results being inspected. It is also very affordable. However, the insulation obtained at the level of the pipe elbows is not of exceptional quality. In fact, the bend radius of the knee in the pipe is never zero. In contrast, the knee-shaped bent of the coccyx, which is obtained by the pre-treatment process, forms a sharp angle at the junction point. It follows that the insulating material does not exactly follow the surface of the pipe. In certain places, the insulation material is compressed and, in contrast, in other places, there remains a space between the pipe surface and the insulation material. In addition, the construction site is never precisely adjusted and therefore the sections are never closely connected. However, it is essential, especially in the case of sound insulation, that the insulating material forms a completely tight assembly. In order to eliminate these various disadvantages, a process according to the invention has been developed.

The invention proposes from its embodiments a product consisting of elements of cylindrical insulating molds and intended to provide an insulating shape around the knee with an angle in the tube, whose molding elements are prismatic and n are in number and are identical, if any, with their two sides that are substantially straight and form straight sections of angle + β respectively. - β, such that:

β = a / (2n + 2), while their longest generator is length b such that:

b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg / 3, where R is the radius of curvature of the tube, d is its diameter and e is the thickness of the walls of the mold, with the straight ends of the cylindrical insulating molds adjacent to the knees ending in the sides, whose sides form an angle β with cross sections of the molds.

In another embodiment of the product, the angles β satisfy the relation β = a / 2n. In this case, the cylindrical molds adjacent to the knee end in straight sections.

The invention also relates to a method of insulating pipe elbows having angle a, radius R of curvature and diameter d, by means of insulating cylindrical inner helm d and thickness e. In the first embodiment of the process, the cylindrical insulating mold is cut in cuts substantially and each perpendicular to the same plane extending along its axis, the cutting planes alternating angles + β and - β with respect to the cross-section of the mold; is:

β = α / (2η + 2), where the number of cuts is equal to n + 1 and the resulting elements of the molds have their largest generator equal to b, such that:

b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg / 3, and combine the remaining straight sections and the intermediate prismatic elements of the molds to obtain the largest possible angle.

Another variant is a method of cutting an insulating mold of cylindrical shape into cross sections substantially transverse and all perpendicular to the same plane passing through its axis, forming these planes with straight sections of the mold alternating as + β and -β , so that:

β = α / 2η, whereby the resulting elements of the molds have their longest b-shaped forming element such that:

b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg / 3 and where the tube elbow is fitted with the n elements of the mold thus obtained, the adjacent flat elements of the mold ending in straight sections.

Preferably, after cutting the molds, the cut-off elements are stored in the position taken before cutting and are preferably preserved in this form until they are used on the construction site. So they are preferably held in place thanks to the film shrinking under the influence of heat.

In both procedures, it is possible to envisage, immediately after the insertion of prickly prismatic or straight elements on the tubing, that they be dressed in a flexible film or adhesive fabric.

According to the known methods, the process of the invention has a number of obvious advantages. First, it solves the problem of insulation at the tube elbows. Whatever the diameter of the knee or whatever the angle, it is always possible to find a solution that can faithfully follow the surface of the pipe with insulating material, limiting the compression or deviation from its surface without having to look at different spaces between sections. The process of the invention thus enables advantages such as the knees created by molding, molding or cropping in mineral wool or foam to be achieved, but at a much lower factory price . The invention allows the knees and adjacent flat parts to be treated simultaneously, without any work other than knee isolation. Otherwise, by reconstituting the initial mold, the knees can be conditioned in a flat shape that, for example. maintained with the help of shrink film, which allows them to be packaged in the same way as for ordinary molds, which saves space in storage and economy because they do not have to worry about special packaging.

The accompanying drawings and description will enable the invention to be understood.

FIG. 1. Represents a mold of foam or fiber insulating material.

FIG. 2 schematically represents the operation of the invention in the case of a single prismatic section.

In FIG. 3 forms a tube a right angle and the sleeve has two prismatic sections.

In FIG. 4 is the same knee most closely surrounded by insulating material thanks to the use of three prismatic sections.

FIG. 5 represents a tube at any angle.

FIG. 6 is a variant of the pruning process of the invention.

As for FIG. 7, it is a free means of positioning the sections well.

In FIG. 1 is a representation of an insulating material mold, as is found in most cases. It is cylindrical and consists of insulating material 2, which is either foam, generally organic, but possibly also glass foam, or fibrous material, most commonly of mineral origin, based on rock wool or glass wool, which are bonded. Both surfaces, outer surface 1 and inner surface 4 are cylindrical. Once installed, the pipe will occupy the interior of 3 molds. To allow the section to cover the tube, it provided a longitudinal slot 5 extending over the thickness of the mold and sometimes also extending over a certain depth on the opposite side.

In FIG. 2a is a representation of a mold which, after its cutting, has created a single prismatic section, which will then allow the knee to be fitted at right angles. At 9 and 10 the straight sections of the cylindrical sleeve and at 11 the prismatic section are seen. The straight sides 6 and 7 of the prism form a cross section of the cylinder as β. This angle is 22.5 ° in the example, which is exactly one quarter of the right angle formed by the tube. In order to completely determine the prismatic section 11, it is sufficient to know, in addition, either the length a and its shortest generators, at the top of FIG. 2a, either the length b of its longest form, at the bottom of the figure. These sizes depend significantly on the insulation sleeve and on the characteristics of the tube, in particular the curvature radius R of the knee. The general formulas that allow them to be calculated will be given below.

In FIG. 2b shows the helmet and its knee mounted on the tube. Below 12 you can see the tube and below 13 its center, which allows you to determine the bend radius of the knee. As before, the first straight part of the mold is found again under 9 and under its 10 the second straight part, this path is reversed, that is, it is allowed to rotate 180 ° about its axis. In the cross section of FIG. 2b, under 15, the outer circumference of the tube is slightly spaced from the insulating material. In contrast, the inner circumference of the 14 tubes slightly presses the insulating material in this area.

In FIG. 3 the problem was exactly the same. It was the same mold that would cover the same knee, but wanted to have better insulation, that is, it wanted to reduce the wasted space on the outside of the bend and reduce the pressure of the insulation material on the inside. Therefore, instead of one prismatic section, two were cut into the mold. The angles β forming their sides with the cross sections of the mold are here about 15 °, alternating on one side and the other with respect to these cross sections. Under 16 one can see the first of the sections and under 17 the second. As a preliminary, prismatic sections are mounted on the root of the tubes so that their longest part is on the outside of the bend, but unlike what has been described here, the straight part to the right of the mold has rotated so that it participates in the formation of the knee. In FIG. 3 clearly shows that the insulation is much more efficient than in the case of FIG. 2.

The situation is even better in FIG. 4, where three prismatic sections are positioned this way. Here, the tube surfaces and the inner surfaces of the flat parts of the molds, like the prismatic sections, are in close contact throughout their length. In the left part of FIG. 4 shows that n + 1 = 4 cuts were made to create n = 3 sections. The incisions form the cross sections of the mold as about 11.25 °.

FIG. 5 is a general example of a preferred system of the invention. Here, the angle of the pipe elbow is 60 °. The number n selected for prismatic sections is two. Otherwise, the radius of curvature of the pipe is denoted by R. The outer example of the pipe is d and the thickness of the insulating material e. The general formulas that allow determining prismatic sections according to the invention are:

β = a / (2n + 2), a = 2 (Rd / 2 - e) tg / 3, b = 2 (r + d / 2 + e) tg / 3, where a is the length of the shortest element of the prism section and b it is the longest form factor.

In any case, these formulas make it possible to determine the conditions for carrying out the process of the invention. Once the number of n sections is selected, β is calculated by the first formula, then the plane of incision of the mold is exchanged and directed along + β or - β and separated by a at the closest location and therefore b at the farthest location. All examples of FIG. 2 to 5 were performed considering the previous cutting parameters.

The process to be described may be used in the context of craftsmanship, where, depending on the material available to the molds and, depending on the specific characteristics of the pipes and elbows, these will be determined with precision after being determined selected the number of n sections, the parameters of each section, and the extremities of the straight molds that attach to them. However, in the case where the knees are normalized knees, as is usual with industrial installations, standard features can be provided to determine universal knees once and for all. In the latter case, the main advantage of the process of the invention, despite its low cost, is that it simultaneously processes the insulation of the knees and adjacent flat parts, thus also allowing the knee to be stored in a straight line, i.e. a fully analogous to ordinary flat molds.

The system to be described will make the most of the waste lost to the molds. In fact, the straight parts up and down relative to the knee that was fitted are exactly made up of straight pieces that are on one side and the other of the prism sections when cut. Each knee installed thus ends in a rectangular side and can be connected to any other straight section.

It will not be out of the box when implementing a system such as the one presented in FIG. 6. This figure shows three prismatic elements whose cropped surfaces form a cross-section of the mold as β such that β = a / 2n. The large and small generators b and a of the prismatic sections are calculated using the same formulas as above. The essential difference from the preceding embodiments is that the jointing of the knee in the narrow sense here is performed via a rectangular section with adjacent flat molds. It is very inconvenient that the severed sections lying on the right and left of the n prismatic sections are not usable. Therefore, in this case, it is interesting to intersect the flat mold assembly that will form, when the procedure is completed, many prismatic sections that are intended for all identical knees.

A preferred variant of the invention presented in FIG. 7, makes it very easy to specify the precise direction to be given to each section when positioned on the knee.

When cutting a straight exit mold, instead of cutting in the plane as previously described, it is found to provide such a trimmed side with ridges, embossed on one side and deepened on the other, which is symmetrical about the axis of the side .

At the moment of joining on the knee, when the section is resting in its initial position (such as the intermediate section in the case of three sections), where it is rotated 180 ° with respect to the axis of the side, its position will be directly determined by inserting the ridges on its side into the complementary ridges opposite side.

In the case of pruning by a wire saw, as in mineral wool molds, it is sufficient to move slightly from the trajectory plane of the wire near the axis of the side to find this plane in a symmetrical manner after passing those axes. In this way, flat ridges are formed, forming a wave that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the ellipse, forming the cross section of the sections. This represents FIG. 7. At the moment of separating section 20 from the adjacent flat piece 25, instead of creating a simple straight section such as section 7 in FIG. 2a, create a single side relief that is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the ellipse, which will form this straight section. Generally separated from this symmetry, the shape of this relief is arbitrary. In the figure, the shape of these ridges 23 is very simple, is prismatic in cross-section evenly triangular and is rotated along the small axis of the ellipse. The second side 22 of the prismatic section 20 has the same shape with these curvatures on the same side as the first side, therefore, the ridges 24 in relief (while the ridges 23 were deepened on the same prismatic section 20). In the case of the procedure corresponding to FIG. 2 to 5, the ridges 23 and ridges 24 need not be identical. In fact, the side 21, which is positioned between the straight section 25 and the prism element 20, reappears between these two same elements when the insulating material is placed on the knee (Fig. 7b). This is only the case in FIG. 6, where straight sections have a different start than prismatic elements, which must give their sides precise, defined and complementary shapes.

The advantages of the process according to the invention according to the prior art are numerous. On the one hand, it simultaneously regulates the problem of knees and adjacent flat parts, while providing good thermal effects and also acoustic ones, as it systematically reduces the space between sections, and on the other hand is cheap. In fact, it requires less labor on the construction site than the artisanal process where trimming sections of the mold on the site. It is also clearly less expensive than the previous industrial process that existed in performing all types of knees with molding, derived from a fiber cushion or from a rigid foam mass with direct casting as a variant in the latter case. From the point of view of storage, it was recognized that the fact that the knees could be stored in their shredded initial form would have the advantage of using a single type of packaging as well as flat molds, both for shredded molds intended to fit the knees.

The flexibility of the process according to the invention should also be mentioned. In fact, whatever the quality requirements may be at the insulation level, the quality you want can be achieved by selecting the number of n sections.

For

ISOVER SAINT-GOBAIN:

PATENT OFFICE

Claims (13)

A product consisting of elements of cylindrical insulation molds and designed to perform an insulating sleeve around the knee with an angle of tube (12), characterized in that the mold elements (11) are prismatic in number n, identical if more than two; their two sides (6, 7) are substantially straight with an elliptical shape and form, with cross sections, helical angles + β or. -β, so that: β = α / (2η + 2), giving their longest generators of length b, such that: b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tgft where R is the radius of curvature of the pipe, d its radius and e the thickness of the walls of the mold, and that the straight sections of cylindrical insulating molds intended to be adjacent to the knee end with the sides (6, 7) whose angles form an angle β with a cross-section of the molds. 2. Product consisting of elements of cylindrical insulating molds and designed to perform insulation sleeves around the knee with a tube angle, characterized in that the mold elements are prismatic, numbered n and identical, if more than two, substantially straight elliptical in shape and forming a cross-section of the mold as + β or. - β, such that: β = a / 2n and that their longest generators have a length b such that: b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg / 3, where R is the radius of curvature of the tube, d its diameter and e the thickness of the mold wall. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylindrical molds intended to be adjacent to the knee are terminated by straight sections. 4. Product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prismatic mold elements and possibly adjacent flat parts are stored in such a way as to reconstitute all or part of the initial cylindrical insulating mold. Product according to claim 4, characterized in that, under the influence of heat, the shrink film holds in place prismatic elements and possibly flat parts. Product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sides (21, 22) of the prismatic molding elements (20) comprise elements with a relief (23, 24) whose shape is symmetrical with respect to the axes of said sides and that the sides which are connected to adjacent straight sections, comprise a complementary shape. Product according to claim 5, characterized in that the relief elements are straight ridges oriented along the small axis of the elliptical circumference of the sides. 8. A method for performing insulation of a tubular knee with angle a, radius of curvature R and diameter ds by means of cylindrical insulating molds of internal diameter d and thickness e, characterized in that the cylindrical insulating mold is cut along substantially straight and cross-sectioned sections perpendicular to the same plane passing through its axis, the cutting planes alternating as + β and - β with respect to the cross-section of the mold, so that: β = a / (2n + 2), where the number of cuts is equal to n + 1, and that the elements of the resulting mold have their longest particle equal to b such that: b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg / 3 and that the remaining straight parts and the prismatic intermediate elements of the molds are joined so that the greatest possible angle is obtained. 9. A method for conducting tube elbow insulation with angle a, curvature radius R and diameter ds by means of cylindrical insulation molds of internal diameter d and thickness e, characterized in that the cylindrical insulation molding is provided along cross-sections substantially straight and all perpendicular to the same plane passing through its axis, forming these planes with the cross sections of the mold alternately as + β and - β, such that: β = α / 2η, whereby the molding elements thus obtained have their largest generators d 'of length b such that: b = 2 (R + d / 2 + e) tg8 and to be fitted with n molding elements obtained in this way, a pipe elbow, with adjacent straight molding elements ending in cross-sections. A method according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the prismatic or straight molding elements are put on in a flexible film or in an adhesive fabric immediately after installation. Method according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that for a given diameter d, the number n of prismatic sections is greater as the radius R is smaller, and vice versa that at a given radius R n is greater than the smaller d . Method according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, after cutting the mold, the sliced elements are stored in the position taken before cutting and preferably preserved in this form until they are used on the construction site. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that it holds the cut elements in place by means of a shrink film. For ISOVER SAINT-GOBAIN: CjJCifiLJANA * 22279-ΧΙ-92