SI9200180A - Low pressure solar heating of transmition media with colector panels - Google Patents

Abstract

Low pressure portable solar heating system media with collector panels according to the invention enables economically optimal use of solar energy and warming up with complete security before weather damage without use active protective systems and chemicals. Low pressure transmission system solar heating system s The collector panels according to the invention are cylindrical reservoir (A1), with derived consumer connections, input terminal (D2) and output terminal (D1), and the built-in heat exchanger (Α2), just above the input terminal (D2) inserted electrical heater (G1) and input port (D3) and output connection (D4) to the furnace circuit (G2). On the inlet port is made at the bottom of the tank (A1) Sl 9200180 A (D5) and output port (D6) connected to the special design manifold panels (K), at the connecting tube (J4) also being connected to above heat exchanger (A2) tank installed (Α3) and that all elements of the system except collector panels (K) surrounded by common insulation (H1). The collector panel (K) consists of a metal frame (M), heating pan (P), outer guard pile (N1), screen (N2), load insulation consisting of high-impedance insulation (L2) and high-temperature insulation insulation (L3), which is covered with a radiation aperture (N3), wherein the heating vessel (P) is intended symmetrically or alternately in both, or only in one opno for at least every other wall closes as close as possible between passages (W) at puncture points (T), or across all channels extensions (X) and / or implanted spacers (Y).

Description

LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM OF SOLAR HEATING OF THE TRANSMISSION MEDIA WITH COLLECTOR PANELS

The subject of the invention is a low pressure solar heating system of a transmission medium with collector panels, which falls within the field of energy and uses the radiation of the sun for the purpose of heating rooms or sanitary water by means of a transmission medium, which in itself is in boundary temperature ranges (over 100 ° C or below 0 ° C) without additives not suitable for use. The invention belongs to class F 24 D of the international patent classification.

-2The technical problem that the present invention successfully solves is expressed in particular by the fact that the low-pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with the collector panels of the invention without any damage to itself and its surroundings, in addition to operating conditions, also withstand loads such as hail, snow, wind, extreme temperatures, temperature jumps, etc. For optimum efficiency, the low-pressure system according to the invention must also be optimally conductive, convective and radiant as isolated as possible, and the absorption surface of the solar radiation receivers should achieve as little albedo as possible over all received radiation - especially visible and near IR light. The absorption surface should have the most transparent insulation surface and allow the best possible thermal contact between the absorption space and the transfer medium. The temperature of the laptop should be the same throughout the entire cross section of the exit from the heating tank. Therefore, all the paths of the transmission through the heating tank must be thermally equivalent. Keep the thermal capacity of the entire device as low as possible. The most advantageous solution for the heating vessel is, in theory, an evenly thin layer of the laptop bounded by a thin metal membrane.

Known solar systems for transmission medium with collector panels can be classified into four possible combinations of completed, high-flow and low-pressure versions. The basic advantages of the simpler structure of high-pressure systems, in principle, do not outweigh the risk of explosions and the need for inappropriately more massive workmanship and therefore greater cost and weight and lower efficiency. Due to the possibility of changing the aggregate state of the transfer medium (ice, steam), it is necessary to provide for special accessories in the transfer medium which are non-toxic or

-3 Release the removable media in critical seasons, which greatly degrades the cost-effectiveness of the installed device.

Conventionally completed low pressure systems are basically connected to the free surface above the other parts of the device. There are several examples of solutions, but the advantage of flow systems that do not contain heat converters and their losses does not outweigh the disadvantages of directly integrating devices into the user's circulation, such as high pressure or valve over-collector operation, high heat loss, or technically demanding switching, when the device cannot operate economically, etc.

Better performance is provided by a properly designed heat exchanger that prevents the usable fluid from cooling directly, and further reducing losses also allows flow to be stopped. Measurements of transmission medium temperatures and usable hot water allow manual or automatic switching and control of the flow of the transfer medium. Except in subtropical climates, we need an environmentally friendly and, even at the lowest temperatures, a liquid transfer medium with a significantly higher viscosity than ordinary water, with all the adverse effects and (or) the possibility of emptying. The glass elements of conventional collector panels have to be replaced frequently due to thermal and meganic overloads, and the transparency of plastic is reduced due to scratches and chemical degradation.

In conventional collector panels, they form a heating vessel of pipes that cover up to 30% of the absorption surface, which causes only indirectly cooled absorption surfaces to overheat and therefore a greater heat loss and

-4 Insulation load. The ideal solution would be a thin layer of transmission medium over the entire irradiated surface. Known compromise solutions of this kind are described in various patent applications and patents, but they do not completely solve the technical problem and do not allow optimal and rational use of solar radiation.

The low pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with collector panels according to the invention eliminates the above disadvantages and disadvantages and thus represents an overall optimal solution with the technical innovations listed below, which individually improve even simpler devices or systems.

The low pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with collector panels according to the invention is a cylindrical reservoir A1, with realized consumer input connector D2 and output terminal D1 and built-in heat exchanger A2, just above the input terminal D2 inserted electric heater G1 and the input terminal D4 and output terminal D3 and behind the output connector D3. G2 furnace circuit. At the bottom of reservoir A1, the inlet port D5 and the outlet port D6 are connected to specially designed collector panels K, with the connecting tube J4 also connected to the reservoir A3 installed above the heat exchanger A2 and that all elements of the system except the collector panels K surrounded by common H1 insulation.

The low-pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with the collector panels according to the invention will be explained on the basis of an embodiment and figures, of which:

-5Figure 1 is a schematic view of a low-pressure solar heating system of a transmission medium with collector panels according to the invention Fig. 2 collector panel element K of a low-pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with collector panels according to the invention in partial cross-section with expressed details

The upper part of an upright cylindrical cylindrical tank A1 filled with a transport medium which (except in the case of special industrial requirements) is water is fitted with a heat exchanger A2 which can be a flow coil, tank or water heater without insulation with a thermometer B1 installed at exit C1 in case of flow, and thermometer B1, B2 (at inlet C2) in case of accumulation operation.

The heat consumers are connected in parallel through the output terminal D1 and the input terminal D2. By controlling the pumps E1 and valves F1, we achieve the desired inlet temperature T3 on the thermometer B3 at the inlet of the consumers and the measured temperature T4 on the thermometer B4 at the outlet of the consumers, as well as the maximum temperature T5 on the thermometer B5 in the tank A1. Theoretically, only two thermometers are required, but for optimal regulation of assumptions that are not the same everywhere and

-6 more complex logic, which is generally more expensive than an additional thermometer.

In case of additional electric heating, an electric heater G1 is inserted just above the input terminal D2, which is controlled by the thermometer B5 in the flow version and by the thermometer B6 in the accumulation version.

In case of additional reheating, the input terminal D3 and the output terminal D4 for the circuit of the G2 furnace shall be used with the help of the existing central heating. Additional heating is controlled by the pump E2 and thermometers B5, B6, B7 and B8. As in the previous electrical warming up, only two are necessary, but the remaining two are less than equivalent regulation.

Heating or preheating of the entire volume of the A1 tank is enabled via the inlet port D5 and the outlet port D6 of the whole low pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with collector panels.

The sequence and height of installation of the inlet and outlet connections of the individual heating and warming systems is shown in Fig. 1, and is also conditioned by the economy of each heating mode. Thus, with the height difference between the connections D1, D2, the volume created meets the needs for accumulation, taking into account consumption, climate, interruption of central heating and timing of lower and higher electric heating tariffs. All other volumes created by height differences only increase the weight, cost, heat capacity and loss of the A1 tank, but the shapes and distances between the connections must be such that there is no negligible direct flow and dynamic effect on the thermal in the tank

-7Α1.

To create the displacement of the transfer medium, a turbine pump E3 should be installed in each circuit as close as possible to the output port D6, preferably in the common insulation H1. The E3 turbine pump type has low losses in propulsion and allows free flow during shutdowns compared to the piston pump type.

Install above the pump E3, but lower than all parts exposed to low temperatures, preferably in the joint insulation H1, but with intermediate insulation H2, reservoir A3, connected to the ambient pressure by the pressure compensating connection J1, and the connections J2 and J3 connected to the transmission medium circuit. The volume of the tank A3 exceeds the total volume of the circuit above it by at least a double tolerance charge.

For propulsion without controls, we equip the tank A3 with port F2, which automatically allows the tank A3 to be filled when the entire volume between the port J2 and the surface in the tank A3 falls below a tolerable charge.

Various ventilation valves such as F3 and J5 allow the top of the circuit to be automatically emptied when the pump E6 is stopped and, depending on the sizing, cause the pump to pressurize and / or additional pump work when the transmission medium level drops from the upper edge of the collector panel K to the free surface in tank A3. The stereometrically optimized connection J2 and J3 between the reservoir A3 and the continuous main line J4 provides an optimal solution.

Depending on the dimensioning of the pipe, the drop of the transfer medium from the upper edge of the collector panel K to the surface in the reservoir A3 acts as a waterfall,

-8ki requires additional pump work, such as tensile pressure, which causes a boiling point in the upper circuit, or bubbles in the interim, and can even occur for the construction of dangerous oscillations.

By means of a magnetic, capillary (air permeable and not permeable medium) or one-way (permeable only) valve or hole with a nozzle that prevents the loss of the transmission medium, we automatically discharge the upper part of the transmission medium circuit of the low-pressure solar heating system of the portable media with collector panels according to the invention.

The most favorable positions for installing a ventilator are:

- in the overpressure area just above the level of the reservoir A3, the greatest difference in pressures allows the best operation of the one-way valve F3, which has no effect on the waterfall ratio

- direct passage through the reservoir along the path J3 - A3 - J2 represents the simplest solution, but it causes heat loss by heating the spare transmission medium and lowers the mechanical impedance at the output of the slap-tensile region.

- J5 ventilation valve above the highest part of the device prevents hydrostatic pressure and lowers the mechanical impedance at the inlet of the waterfall area

Above the surface of the transfer medium in the reservoir A3, no siphon should interfere with the free flow of the transmission, which requires, in the case of parallel connecting manifold panels, a more technically demanding structural adjustment.

-9The complete control and operation of the low-pressure solar heating system of the transmission medium with the collector panels is established by means of temperature measurements at various places.

The temperature sensor B9 measures the inlet temperature T9 after heating the transmission medium and determines the operation of the drive using the T8 temperature. The temperature sensor B10 measures the output temperature T10 and, in combination with the temperature T9, determines the efficiency of the drive and switches off the pump E3 when the temperature T9 detected by the temperature sensor B9 below T10 + Tr drops, with Tr being the minimum temperature difference for cost-effective operation.

The temperature sensor B11, which measures the maximum temperature T11 at the outlet of the collector panel K, switches on the pump E3 when T11 rises above T9 + Ti + Tp, where Ti represents a temperature drop to reservoir A1 due to heat losses and Tp is the temperature of the maximum possible overheating of the temperature sensor. B11 above operating temperature due to non-operation.

Tr, Ti and Tp depend on installation and climate. Their underestimation causes the E3 pump to be switched on repeatedly, and their overestimation results in a failure under boundary conditions. The B12 temperature sensor measures the lowest T12 temperature at the inlet of the collector panel K during operation.

The B13 temperature sensor measures the T13 temperature in the A3 reservoir, which is important in a climate with strong radiation and low temperatures, which can cause icing when the device is switched on. This can be avoided in

-10Mountain, Arctic and desert climates (also T12 and T13 need not be measured) if Tp is added to the required safety difference, the height of which depends on the construction and climate, or whether the main reservoir A1 and the reservoir A3 are surrounded by a common insulation sheath H1.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a collector panel consisting of a metal frame M, a heating vessel P, an external safety bar N1, a screen N2, a carrier insulation consisting of high-impedance insulation L2 and high-temperature insulation L3, which is wrapped with an aperture N3.

The metal frame M adapts to the thermal elongation of the N1 external shield, which must be as mechanical as possible and operate optically as a bandpass filter that only bends or transmits inward thermal radiation around 350 ° K and closes long-range UV if necessary, but transmits as much as possible. the intermediate frequency. A high asymmetric heat load is secured while minimizing convection and radiative heat loss with an optically equivalent N2 screen, consisting of several thin, softly clamped panels or a membrane of permanently transparent plastic, which is not suitable for outdoor installation due to its softness and sensitivity to UV. . The N1 guard pile preferably has a greater thickness than the N2 screen. Protect the interior with O gasket from dirt, dust and moisture.

Contact between high-impedance insulation L2 and high-temperature insulation L3 may be made as shown in detail. Such an arrangement of the contact surfaces of the two insulations allows for less heat conduction and the intermediate layer is formed by the N3 radiation aperture.

-11 The appearance of the heating tank P is shown in detail. The equilibrium of the path of the transfer medium through the heating vessel P is achieved by dividing the container P into equivalent passages Q, by which the transfer medium rises from the horizontal flow channel to the horizontal drain channel. Individually or serially coupled heating vessel P has an inlet in one corner and diagonally opposite the outlet inlet, each intermediate in parallel connected heating tank P has two in (out) strokes, since all of the exact channels are connected in series, only the initial ( the last one) has only one stroke.

The insertion of intermediate walls and perforated pipes would be economically unjustified, so the heating vessel P is designed to puncture the immediate upper and lower membranes at the places T along the intended walls. We then bombard the overpressure with the inevitable leak test, but after this simplification the transitions become too steady and the channels too narrow. Therefore, we plan to symmetrically or alternately into both or only one membrane for at least every other wall between the transitions as narrow as possible to the closures W, which allow the execution of puncture points T, or for all channels of the extension X and / or insert the spacers Y.

The low-pressure solar panel heating system with collector panels according to the invention has more advantages over existing solutions than for example:

- each in (out) bench of the drive causes a charge (emptying) above the expansion vessel by design

- operates without the need for active regulation to prevent damage due to icing or boiling with water as a portable medium without

-12additional dimensioning for water-free operation without additives provides an economically and ecologically more favorable basic investment and operation allows minimal cooling losses due to emptying and dimensioning to low-pressure water flow without additives with a limited, symmetrically adjusted, transfer medium reservoir connection for optimal hydrodynamic and hydrostatic conditions during operation with an insulated and properly installed expansion vessel enables activation even when partial icing is inevitable, the multi-stage thermal insulation of the collector panel heating pans is formed by layers of different materials, adapted to the individual requirements described above, the collector panel heating vessel does not form pipes described method with metallic membrane bounded layer of transfer medium.

Claims (3)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Low pressure solar panel heating system with collector panels, characterized in that the cylindrical reservoir (A1) is interconnected with the valve (F1), the consumer inlet port (D2) and the consumer outlet port (D1) so that it lies a built-in heat exchanger (A2) between the two terminals, while an electric heater (G1) is inserted just above the inlet port (D2) and the inlet port (D3) and the outlet port (D4) below it outside the tank (A1) G2); that at the bottom of the reservoir (A1) the inlet port (D5) and the outlet port (D6) are connected to specially designed collector panels (K), with the connecting tube (J4) also connected to the reservoir (A2) mounted above the heat exchanger (A2). A3), which has a pressure compensating connection (J1) and an auto-filling connector (F2), with all elements of the system except the collector panels (K) surrounded by common insulation (H1). 2. A low pressure solar panel heating system with collector panels according to claim 1, characterized in that a heating vessel (P) is housed in the metal frame (M), covered by a combination of an external guard (N1) and a screen (N2); that -14power insulation consisting of high-impedance insulation (L2) and high-temperature insulation (L3) wrapped with a radiation aperture (N3); that the heating vessel (P) is divided into equivalent passages (Q) connecting the horizontal inlet duct to the horizontal outlet duct; that the single or series-bound heating tank (P) has an inlet opening in one corner and diagonally opposite the outlet opening; that each intermediate parallel connected heating vessel (P) has two inlets and two outlets; that all inlets or outlets are connected in series, only the inlet (back) has only one inlet and one outlet. 3. Low pressure solar panel heating system with collector panels according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating vessel (P) is designed symmetrically or alternately in both or only one membrane for at least every other wall between the closure closures (W) ) at puncture points (T), or for all expansion channels (X) and / or spacers (Y) inserted.