SI9111419A

SI9111419A - An advanced overfire air system for NOx control

Info

Publication number: SI9111419A
Application number: SI9111419A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Leonard Marion John
Original assignee: Combustion Eng
Priority date: 1990-10-31
Filing date: 1991-08-16
Publication date: 1994-12-31

Abstract

Izboljšan sistem za uravnavanje NOX z uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je primeren predvsem za uporabo v pečeh na fosilna goriva, in postopek delovanja take peči, v kateri je realiziran izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka. Izboljšani sistem za uravnavanje NOX z uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v plamen vsebuje večnivojskost oddelkov za dodatni zrak, ke sestoje iz več blizu združenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak in več ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak. Blizu združena oddelka za dodatni zrak sta vgrajena na prvi višini v peči, ločeni oddelki za dodatni zrak pa so vgrajeni na drugi višini v peči, tako da so odmaknjeni od blizu združenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak, a so poravnani z njima. Dodatni zrak za plamen se dovaja tako blizu združenima oddelkoma za dodatni zrak kot tudi ločenim oddelkom za dodatni zrak, tako da med njimi obstaja vnaprej določena skrajno ugodna porazdelitev dodatnega zraka, tako da dodatni zrak, ki zapušča ločene oddelke za dodatni zrak, nad planim poljem peči tvori porazdelitev dodatnega zraka v ooliki vodoravne "prhe'1 ali "pahljače", in tako, da dodatni zrak izteka iz ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak pri hitrostih, ki so znatno večje od hitrosti, kakršne so se uporabljale doslej.Enhanced NOX control system with deployment additional flame air designed for use in a heating system of a type that is appropriate in particular for use in furnaces for fossil fuels, and the operation of such furnace in which it is realized improved system for introducing additional air. Improved NOX control system by introducing an additional The flame into the flame contains the multiplicity of the compartments for the extra air, which consists of several close together additional air compartments and several separate sections for extra air. Close to the merged compartment for extra air are installed at the first height in the oven, separate sections for and the extra air is installed at a different height in the oven, thus that they are away from the close of the merged sections extra air but are aligned with them. Additional air for The flame is brought so close to the united sections for extra air as well as a separate extra compartment air, so that there is a predetermined one between them extremely favorable distribution of the extra air, so that extra air that leaves separate sections for extra The air above the planned field of the furnace forms an additional distribution air in the horizontal horizontal "shower" or "fan", and in such a way that the extra air leaks out of the separate compartments for additional air at speeds that are considerably larger than speed, as they used to date.

Description

COMBUSTION ENGINEERING, INC.COMBUSTION ENGINEERING, INC.

Izboljšan sistem za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χz uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v plamenImproved ΝΟ _χ control system by introducing additional air into the flame

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Predmetni izum se nanaša na tangencialno polnjene peči na fosilna goriva, bolj določno na sisteme za zmanjšanje emisij ΝΟ_χ z uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v plamen pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na premog v prahu.The present invention relates to tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, more specifically to emission reduction systems ΝΟ _χ by introducing additional air into the flame of a tangentially filled coal fired furnace.

Ta prijava je povezana z ZDA-patentno prijavo ser. št.... (C880450), ki se nanaša na A CLUSTERED CONCENTRIC TANGENTIAL FIRING SYSTEM (sistem polnjenja peči tangencialno na način v več koncentričnih krogih) in ki so jo dne ... vložili ToddD. Hellewell, John Grusha in Michael S. McCartney.This application is related to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No .... (C880450) relating to A CLUSTERED CONCENTRIC TANGENTIAL FIRING SYSTEM (filed in a multiple concentric circuit) and filed by ToddD on .... Hellewell, John Grusha, and Michael S. McCartney.

Tehnični problemA technical problem

Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje predmetni izum, je, kako zasnovati nov in izboljšan sistem uravnavanja ΝΟ_χ z uvajanjem zraka v plamen, ki bi prišel v poštev za polnjenje peči na fosilna goriva.A technical problem solved by the present invention is how to design a new and improved control system ΝΟ _χ by introducing air into the flame that would be useful for filling a fossil fuel furnace.

Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art

Dolgo časa so premog v prahu z uspehom kurili pomešanega z zrakom v pečeh po načinih tangencialnega vnašanja. Tehnika tangencialnega polnjenja je zvezana z vnašanjem goriva in zraka v peč s štirih njenih kotov, tako da se gorivo in zrak uvajata tangencialno k umišljenemu krogu v središče peči. Ta način kurjenja ima mnogo dobrih plati, med drugimi gre za dobro mešanje goriva in zraka, stabilne plamenske razmere in dolgo zadrževanje zgorelih plinov v pečeh.For a long time, powdered coal has been successfully combusted mixed with air in furnaces by means of tangential injection. The tangential filling technique is coupled with the introduction of fuel and air into the furnace at its four angles, so that the fuel and air are introduced tangentially to the imaginary circle at the center of the furnace. This method of combustion has many good sides, including good mixing of fuel and air, stable flame conditions and long retention of combustion gases in furnaces.

Zadnje čase se seveda čedalje več pozornosti posveča težnji po minimiziranju onesnaževanja zraka. V tem pogledu večina opazovalcev v ZDA pričakuje od Kongresa, da bo pred koncem 1990. leta sprejeta zakonodaja, ki bo uzakonila opazno zmanjšanje emisij v zrak. Poglavitni pomen, ki ga bo imela taka zakonodaja, je v tem, da bo ona prva, ki bo ureditev sistemov za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ in SO_x zahtevala tudi za nazaj, torej pri obstoječih enotah za kurjenje fosilnih goriv. (Vsi dosedanji zakoni so namreč zadevali samo nove zgradbe kuriščnih enot.)Of course, more and more attention has recently been paid to the tendency to minimize air pollution. In this regard, most U.S. observers expect Congress to pass legislation before the end of 1990 that enacts a noticeable reduction in air emissions. The key importance that such legislation will have is that it will be the first to require retrospective regulation of the ΝΟ _χ and SO _x control systems, that is, for existing fossil fuel firing units. (All laws so far concerned only new buildings of fireboxes.)

Kar v nadaljnjem zadeva predvsem uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, je znano, da so oksidi dušika med zgorevanjem fosilnih goriv rezultat dveh ločenih mehanizmov in ju poznamo kot toplotni ΝΟ_χ in gorivni ΝΟ_χ. Toplotni ΝΟ_χ je rezultat toplotne vezave molekulskega dušika in kisika v zgorevalnem zraku. Hitrost nastajanja toplotnega ΝΟ_χ je skrajno občutljiva na lokalno temperaturo plamena in malo manj občutljiva na lokalno koncentracijo kisika. Praktično ves toplotni ΝΟ_χ nastaja v območju plamena, kjer je temperatura najvišja. Koncentracija toplotnega ΝΟ_χ zatem zamrzne na nivoju, ki prevladuje v območju visoke temperature, s tem ko se plini zgorevanja toplotno udušijo. Koncentracije toplotnih ΝΟ_χ v dimnih plinih so zato med ravnotežnim nivojem pri vrednosti pri konici temperature plamena in ravnotežnim nivojem pri temperaturi dimnih plinov.As for the regulation of ΝΟ _χ , it is known that nitrogen oxides during fossil fuel combustion are the result of two separate mechanisms and are known as thermal in _χ and fuel ΝΟ _χ . Thermal ΝΟ _χ is the result of the thermal binding of molecular nitrogen and oxygen in the combustion air. The rate of heat generation ΝΟ _χ is extremely sensitive to the local flame temperature and slightly less sensitive to the local oxygen concentration. Virtually all heat ΝΟ _χ is generated in the flame region where the temperature is highest. The concentration of heat ΝΟ _χ then freezes to a level which prevails in the high temperature range as the combustion gases are thermally quenched. Concentrations of thermal ΝΟ _χ in flue gas are therefore between the equilibrium level at the value at the peak of the flame temperature and the equilibrium level at the flue gas temperature.

ΝΟ_χ po drugi strani nastaja pri oksidaciji organsko vezanega dušika v določenih fosilnih gorivih, kot sta premog in težko olje. Na hitrost nastajanja gorivnega ΝΟ_χ močno vpliva na splošno hitrost mešanja goriva in toka zraka, posebej pa lokalna koncentracija kisika. Koncentracija ΝΟ_χ v dimnih plinih na temelju dušika iz goriva pa je tipično samo del, npr. 20 do 60%, tistega nivoja, ki bi bil rezultat popolne oksidacije vsega dušika v gorivu. Iz povedanega naj bi torej bilo na dlani, da je nastanek skupnega ΝΟ_χ funkcija tako lokalnih nivojev kisika kot tudi temperatur vrhov plamena.ΝΟ _χ, on the other hand, is produced by the oxidation of organically bound nitrogen in certain fossil fuels such as coal and heavy oil. The rate of formation of the fuel ΝΟ _{χ is} strongly influenced by the overall rate of mixing of the fuel and the air flow, and in particular by the local oxygen concentration. However, the concentration of ΝΟ _χ in flue gas based on nitrogen from the fuel is typically only a fraction, e.g. 20 to 60%, the level that would result from the complete oxidation of all the nitrogen in the fuel. From the foregoing, it should therefore be in the palm of your hand that the formation of a common ΝΟ _{χ is a} function of both the local oxygen levels and the temperatures of the flame peaks.

Nadalje je bilo predlaganih nekaj sprememb v običajni tehniki tangencialnega polnjenja. Te spremembe so bile predlagane predvsem za potrebe doseženja še manj emisij. Ena taka sprememba je predmet ureditve, ki je opisana v ZDA-patentni prijavi ser. št. 786.437, ki je sedaj opuščena in ki je imela naslov A Control SystemAnd Method For Operating A Tangentially Fired Pulverized Coal Fumace (Sistem krmiljenja in postopek obratovanja peči na tangencialno uvajan premog v prahu), ki je bila vložena 11. oktobra 1985 in prenesena na istega prevzemnika pravic kot pričujoča patentna prijava. Po naukih zgoraj omenjene ZDA-patentne prijave se predlaga uvajanje premoga v prahu in zraka tangencialno v peč iz več nivojev spodnjega gorilnika v eni smeri in vnašanje premoga in zraka tangencialno v peč iz več nivojev zgornjega gorilnika v nasprotni smeri. Kot posledico uporabe ureditve te vrste se je omenjalo, da naj bi šlo za boljše mešanje goriva in zraka, s čimer naj bi se dalo uporabljati manj presežnega zraka kot pri normalni peči s tangencialnim vnosom, ki, kot je znano ljudem iz stroke, v splošnem obratujejo z 20 do 30% presežnega zraka. Zmanjšanje količine presežnega zraka pripomore k minimiziranju tvorbe ΝΟ_χ, ki je, kot že povedano, glavni onesnaževalec zraka pri pečeh na premog. Rezultat tega je tudi povečan izkoristek naprave. Dasiravno tehnika kurjenja, za kakršno gre pri zgoraj omenjeni ZDA-patentni prijavi, privede do manj ΝΟ_χ, pa je z njo zvezanih nekaj pomanjkljivosti. Ker namreč povratno vrtenje plinov v peči drugo drugo izniči, plini tečejo v bolj ali manj ravni črti skozi zgornji del peči, s čimer je povečana možnost, da zaradi zmanjšane turbulence in mešanja v zgornjem delu peči peč zapuščajo nezgoreli delci ogljika. Razen tega lahko pride do nabiranja žlindre in nezgorelega ogljika na stenah peči. Te obloge sten zmanjšujejo učinkovitost prenosa toplote na vodno hlajene cevi, s katerimi so oplaščene stene, povečujejo potrebo po pihanju saj in zmanjšujejo obratovalno dobo cevi.Further, some changes in the conventional tangential filling technique were suggested. These changes have been proposed primarily to achieve even fewer emissions. One such change is the subject of the arrangement described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. no. 786.437, now abandoned and entitled A Control SystemAnd Method for Operating A Tangentially Fired Pulverized Coal Fumace, filed October 11, 1985 and transferred to the same of the transferee as the present patent application. According to the teachings of the aforementioned U.S. Patent Application, it is proposed to introduce coal and air tangentially into a furnace from several levels of the lower burner in one direction and to inject coal and air tangentially into a furnace from several levels of the upper burner in the opposite direction. As a consequence of the use of arrangements of this kind, it was mentioned that there would be a better mixing of fuel and air, which would result in the use of less excess air than a normal furnace with tangential intake, which, as is well known to those skilled in the art, operate with 20 to 30% excess air. Reducing the amount of excess air helps to minimize the formation of ΝΟ _χ , which, as previously stated, is the main air pollutant in coal-fired furnaces. This also results in increased utilization of the device. Indeed, the combustion technique of the aforementioned US patent application results in less ΝΟ _χ , but there are some drawbacks to it. Because the reverse rotation of the gases in the furnace nullifies one another, the gases flow in a more or less straight line through the upper part of the furnace, thus increasing the possibility of leaving unburned carbon particles due to reduced turbulence and mixing in the upper part of the furnace. In addition, slag and unburned carbon may accumulate on the oven walls. These wall linings reduce the efficiency of heat transfer to water-cooled pipes that coat the walls, increase the need to blow soot and reduce the service life of the pipes.

Posledica druge take spremembe je ureditev, ki je predmet ZDA-patenta US 4,715,301, ki nosi naslov Law ExcessAir Tangential Firing System (Sistem kurjenja s tangencialnim vnosom z malim presežkom zraka), ki je bil izdan 29. decembra 1987 in prenesen na istega prevzemnika pravic kot pri pričujoči patentni prijavi. V skladu z nauki patenta US 4,715,301 gre za peč, pri kateri se premog v prahu kuri v obliki dobre zmesi premoga in zraka, kot v slučaju sedaj opuščene ZDA-patentne prijave, ki je bila predmet razprave zgoraj. Razen tega so s tem, ko gre v peči za vrtinčno, vrtilno plamensko kroglo, dosežene vse prednosti, ki so pred tem bile zvezane s tangencialno polnjenimi pečmi. Stene so zaščitene z zračno plastjo, ki preprečuje nabiranje žlindre na njih. To je doseženo z uvajanjem premoga in primarnega zraka v peč tangencialno pri prvem nivoju, z uvajanjem pomožnega zraka v količini vsaj dvakrat toliko kot primarnega zraka v peč tangencialno na drugem nivoju neposredno nad prvim nivojem, ampak v smeri nasprotno tisti od primarnega zraka, s tem da gre za več takih prvih in drugih nivojev drugega nad drugim. Rezultat večje mase in hitrosti pomožnega zraka je slednjič vrtinec v peči, ki se giblje v smeri uvajanja pomožnega zraka. Zaradi tega je gorivo, ki ga uvajamo v smeri nasproti vrtincu v peči, prisiljeno, da po vstopu v napravo spremeni smer glede na tisto od vseh plinov v peči. S tem je ustvarjeno intenzivno turbulentno mešanje med gorivom in zrakom. To ,1 ) povečano mešanje zmanjšuje potrebo po visokih nivojih presežnega zraka v peči. Rezultat tega povečanega mešanja je tudi boljša pretvorba ogljika, kar pomeni izboljšano hitrost sproščanja skupne toplote naprave in hkrati zmanjšanje nabiranja žlindre in zamazanosti v zgornji peči. Pomožni zrak usmerjamo na krogu večjega premera kot je tisti od goriva, tako da ob sosednih stenah ustvarjamo plast zraka. Dodatni zrak, sestoječ v bistvu iz vsega presežnega zraka, uvajanega v peč, razen tega uvajamo v peč na nivoju znatno nad vsemi nivoji uvajanja primarnega in pomožnega zraka, pri čemer dodatni zrak usmerjamo tangencialno v umišljen krog in v smeri nasprotno tisti od pomožnega zraka.The second such change results in a patent subject to U.S. Patent No. 4,715,301, entitled "Law ExcessAir Tangential Firing System", issued December 29, 1987 and transferred to the same transferee as in the present patent application. According to the teachings of US patent 4,715,301, this is a furnace in which coal powder is burned in the form of a good mixture of coal and air, as in the case of the now-abandoned US patent application discussed above. In addition, when the furnace is a vortex, rotary flame ball, all the advantages previously associated with tangentially charged furnaces are achieved. The walls are protected by an air layer that prevents slag from accumulating on them. This is achieved by introducing coal and primary air into the furnace tangentially at the first level, by introducing auxiliary air at least twice as much as the primary air into the furnace tangentially at the second level directly above the first level, but in the opposite direction to that of the primary air, thereby that there are several such first and second levels above each other. The result of the higher mass and velocity of the auxiliary air is the last vortex in the furnace, which moves in the direction of introducing the auxiliary air. As a result, the fuel being introduced in the direction opposite to the vortex in the furnace is forced to change its direction after entering the device with respect to that of all the gases in the furnace. This creates intense turbulent mixing between fuel and air. This, 1) increased mixing reduces the need for high levels of excess air in the furnace. This increased mixing also results in better carbon conversion, which means an improved rate of release of the total heat of the device while reducing slag accumulation and soiling in the upper kiln. The auxiliary air is directed on a circle larger than that of the fuel, creating a layer of air along adjacent walls. The additional air, consisting essentially of all excess air introduced into the furnace, is further introduced into the furnace at a level substantially above all levels of introducing primary and auxiliary air, the additional air being directed tangentially to the intended circuit and in the opposite direction to that of the auxiliary air.

Rezultat še ene take spremembe je ureditev za kurjenje premoga v prahu kot goriva z nizkimi emisijami ΝΟ_χ, ki je predmet patenta US 4,669,393, ki nosi naslov Pulverized Fuel Firing Apparatus (Naprava za kurjenje goriva v prahu) in ki je bil izdanAnother such change is the regulation for the burning of powdered coal as low-emission fuels ΝΟ _χ , which is subject to U.S. Patent No. 4,669,393, entitled Pulverized Fuel Firing Apparatus, and has been issued

2. junija 1987. V skladu z nauki US 4,669,398 je predlagana naprava, kije značilna po prvem oddelku za vpihavanje goriva v prahu, v katerem je kombinirana količina primarnega zraka in sekundarnega zraka, ki jo je treba porabiti, manjša od teoretične količine zraka, potrebne za zgorevanje goriva v prahu, ki ga je treba vnesti kot zmes s primarnim zrakom v peč, po drugem oddelku za vpihavanje goriva v prahu, v katerem je količina kombiniranega primarnega in sekundarnega zraka v bistvu enaka ali, kar je prednostno, nekoliko manjša od teoretičnega zraka za gorivo, ki ga je treba vnašati pomešano s primarnim zrakom, in po oddelku za dopolnilni zrak za vpihavanje dopolnilnega zraka v peč, pri čemer so omenjeni trije oddelki razporejeni drug blizu drugega. Plinske zmesi primarnega zraka in goriva v prahu, vpihavanega v prvem in drugem aparaturnem oddelku za vpihavanje goriva v prahu, se zmešajo v takem razmerju, da se zmanjša nastajanje ΝΟ_χ. Razen tega zmesi primarnega zraka in goriva v prahu iz drugega oddelka za vpihavanje goriva v prahu, ki se sama le stežka stabilno vžiga, za zagotovitev primernega vžiganja in zgorevanja dopustimo, da soobstaja s plamenom zmesi, ki se hitreje vžge, iz prvega oddelka za vpihavanje goriva v prahu. Tako smo dobili napravo za kurjenje goriva v prahu s stabilnim vžigom in z malo nastajajočega ΝΟ_χ.June 2, 1987. According to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,398, a device characterized by a first powder injection compartment is proposed in which the combined amount of primary air and secondary air to be consumed is less than the theoretical amount of air required. for combustion of powdered fuel to be introduced as a mixture with the primary air into the furnace, according to a second powder injection section in which the amount of combined primary and secondary air is substantially equal or, preferably, slightly less than theoretical the fuel air to be injected mixed with the primary air and after the supplementary air compartment to inject the supplementary air into the furnace, said three compartments being arranged adjacent to each other. The gas mixtures of the primary air and the powdered fuel blown into the first and second dust-blowing apparatus compartment are mixed in such a way as to reduce the formation of ΝΟ _χ . In addition, a mixture of primary air and powdered fuel from a second, self-sustainably aspirated fuel powder compartment is allowed to coexist with the flame of a faster-igniting mixture from the first blowing compartment to ensure proper ignition and combustion. powdered fuels. So we got a powder firing device with a stable ignition and a little bit of nascent ΝΟ _χ .

Naprava po naukih iz US 4,669,398 je nadalje značilna po tem, da sta v prostorih, razporejenih med omenjenimi tremi oddelki, predvidena dodatna oddelka za izdajanje inertnega fluida - po eden za vsakega. Plinske zmesi primarnega zraka in goriva v prahu so potemtakem varovane pred vmešavanjem druge v drugo s pomočjo zavese inertnega fluida iz enega od oddelkov za vpihavanje inertnega fluida, očitno pa se tudi zmanjša nastajanje ΝΟ_χ iz plinskih zmesi, ki prihajajo iz prvega in drugega oddelka za vpihavanje goriva v prahu. Prav tako sta zmes primarnega zraka in goriva v prahu iz prvega oddelka za vpihavanje goriva v prahu in dodatni zrak iz oddelka za dodatni zrak proti mešanju druge v drugega varovana s pomočjo druge zavese inertnega fluida iz drugega oddelka. To očitno dopušča zgorevanje zmesi primarnega zraka in goriva v prahu brez sleherne spremembe v mešalnem razmerju, tako da se izognemo slehernemu povečanju nastajanja ΝΟ_χ.The device according to the teachings of US 4,669,398 is further characterized in that there are additional compartments for dispensing inert fluid, one for each, in the spaces allocated between said three compartments. The gas mixtures of the primary air and the powdered fuel are thus protected against the interference of the other with the help of an inert fluid curtain from one of the inert fluid blowing compartments, and the formation of ΝΟ _χ from the gas mixtures coming from the first and second compartments is obviously reduced. powder blowing. Likewise, a mixture of primary air and powdered fuel from the first powder blowing compartment and additional air from the compressed air compartment are protected by a second inert fluid curtain from the second compartment. This obviously permits combustion of the mixture of primary air and the powdered fuel without any change in the mixing ratio, avoiding any increase in the poveč _χ formation.

Rezultat še nadaljnje spremembe je ureditev za kurjenje premoga v prahu kot goriva, pri katerem se hkrati zmanjšajo emisije ΝΟ_χ in SO_x, torej ureditev, ki je predmet US 4,426,939, ki nosi naslov Method Of Reducing ΝΟ_χ and SO_x Emission (Postopek zmanjševanja emisij ΝΟ_χ in SO_x) in ki je bil izdan 24. januarja 1984 na ime istega prevzemnika pravic kot v primeru pričujoče patentne prijave. Po naukih iz US 4,426,939 peč kurimo s premogom v prahu na način, ki zmanjšuje temperaturo konic v peči, medtem ko še ohranjamo dobro stabilnost plamena in popolno zgorevanje goriva. Način, kako se to izvaja, je takle: Premog v prahu transportiramo v zračnem toku proti peči. Med takim transportiranjem se tok loči na dva dela, pri čemer je eden bogat in drugi reven z gorivom. Gorivno bogati del uvajamo v peč v prvem območju. Tudi zrak uvajamo v prvem območju v količini, ki ne zadošča za vzdrževanje popolnega zgorevanja vsega goriva v gorivno bogatem delu. Gorivno revni del po drugi plati uvajamo v peč v drugem območju. Tudi zrak uvajamo v drugem območju v količini, ki predstavlja presežek v primerjavi s tistim, ki je potreben za zgoretje vsega goriva v peči. Slednjič hkrati z gorivom v peč uvajamo apno, s čimer na minimum spravimo temperaturo konic v peči, hkrati pa na minimum spravimo nastajanje ΝΟ_χ in SO_x v zgorevalnih plinih.The result of a further change is the arrangement for burning coal powder as a fuel, which simultaneously reduces the emissions of ΝΟ _χ and SO _x , that is, the subject of US 4,426,939, entitled Method Of Reducing ΝΟ _χ and SO _x Emission ΝΟ _χ and SO _x ) emissions, issued on 24 January 1984 in the name of the same transferee as in the case of the present patent application. According to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,426,939, the furnace is fired with coal powder in a manner that reduces the temperature of the furnace peaks while maintaining good flame stability and complete combustion. The way this is done is as follows: The powdered coal is transported in an air stream towards the furnace. During such transportation, the flow is divided into two parts, one rich and the other fuel poor. The fuel-rich part is introduced into the furnace in the first zone. Air is also introduced into the first zone in an amount that is not sufficient to maintain complete combustion of all the fuel in the fuel-rich section. The fuel-poor section is introduced into the furnace in a different area on the other side. Air is also introduced in the second zone in an amount that is excess compared to that required to burn all the fuel in the furnace. At the same time, lime is introduced into the furnace at the same time, thus minimizing the temperature of the tips in the furnace, while minimizing the formation of ΝΟ _χ and SO _x in the combustion gases.

Dasiravno so bili kurilni sistemi, ki so zgrajeni v skladu z nauki sedaj opuščene ZDA-patentne prijave in treh izdanih US-patentov, na katere se sklicujemo zgoraj, predstavljani kot da delujejo z namenom, za katerega so bili zgrajeni, pa se je v stanju tehnike vendarle pokazala potreba po tem, da je treba te sisteme izboljšati. Bolj konkretno se je v stanju tehnike pokazala potreba po novem in izboljšanem kurilnem sistemu, ki bi se koristno odlikoval po tem, da je vanj vgrajen izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka. V ta namen je bil temeljni koncept uvajanja dodatnega zraka zastavljen kot stroškovno najučinkovitejši postopek uravnavanja ΝΟ_χ v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva. Dodatni zrak v peč uvajamo tangencialno skozi dodatne zračne oddelke, ki jih imenujemo vrata za dodatni zrak, ki so zasnovana kot navpični podaljški vogalnih vetmikov, s katerimi je opremljena tangencialno polnjena peč na fosilna goriva.Originally, combustion systems built in accordance with the teachings of the now-abandoned U.S. patent application and the three issued U.S. patents referred to above were presented as acting for the purpose for which they were built, but in the state of techniques, however, have shown the need to improve these systems. More specifically, the need for a new and improved heating system has been demonstrated in the prior art, which would be advantageously distinguished by the fact that an improved system of introducing additional air is incorporated therein. To this end, the basic concept of introducing additional air has been formulated as the most cost-effective process of regulating _{χ χ} in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces. Additional air is introduced into the furnace tangentially through additional air compartments called the supplementary air door, designed as vertical extensions of the corner edges, which are equipped with a tangentially filled fossil fuel furnace.

Emisije ΝΟ_χ se s pomočjo dodatnega zraka zmanjšajo po naslednji teoriji. Obratovanje z dodatnim zrakom zavira hitrost oblikovanja ΝΟ_χ tako po načinu fiksiranja atmosferskega dušika (toplotni ΝΟ_χ) kot tudi po načinu z oksidacijo gorivnega dušika (gorivni NO ). Uporaba dodatnega zraka zmanjšuje skupni kisik, ki je na razpolago v primarnem plamenskem območju. Rezultat tega območja z zmanjšanim kisikom je, da je dušik podvržen rekombinacijski reakciji za nastajanje molekulskega dušika (N₂) namesto dušikovega oksida, preprosto zaradi premalo kisika v tem območju in intenzivne težnje primerkov ogljika po razpoložljivem kisiku. Kot posledica je nastajanje ΝΟ_χ preko pretvarjanja dušika goriva na veliko zmanjšano. Podobno je rezultat delovanja z dodatnim zrakom zmanjšanje nastajanja toplotnega ΝΟ_χ s temperaturno odvisnim Zeldovičevim mehanizmom. Sproščanje toplote med začetnimi stopnjami zgorevanja v primarnem plamenskem območju je zaradi zmanjšanega kisikovega okolja do neke mere zmanjšano in časovno odloženo, pri čemer se zgorevanje idealno dovrši v bližini vrat za vpihavanje zunanjega zraka v plamen. Rezultat raztegnitve sproščanja toplote po večji prostornini peči so nižje temperature vrhov zgorevanja, s čimer se zmanjša nastajanje toplotnega ΝΟ_χ.The ΝΟ _χ emissions are reduced by the following theory by means of additional air. Operation with additional air slows down the rate of formation of ΝΟ _χ both by the mode of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (thermal ΝΟ _χ ) and by the mode by the oxidation of fuel nitrogen (fuel NO). The use of additional air reduces the total oxygen available in the primary flame zone. The result of this reduced oxygen region is that the nitrogen undergoes a recombination reaction to produce molecular nitrogen (N ₂ ) instead of nitrous oxide, simply because of the lack of oxygen in the area and the intense tendency of the carbon specimens for available oxygen. As a result, the generation of ΝΟ _{χ is} greatly reduced through the conversion of fuel nitrogen. Similarly, the result of operating with additional air is a decrease in the generation of thermal nast _χ by a temperature-dependent Zeldovich mechanism. Due to the reduced oxygen environment, the release of heat during the initial combustion stages in the primary flame region is reduced to some extent and delayed, with the combustion being ideally completed near the ambient air intake port. The result of the expansion of heat release over a larger furnace volume results in lower temperatures of combustion peaks, thus reducing the generation of heat ΝΟ _χ .

Tipična uporaba v plamen uvajanega zunanjega zraka je skozi ena ali dvoje tesno zgrupiranih vrat pri eni sami fiksirani višini pri vrhu vetrnika, pri Čemer gre za blizu sklopljen v plamen uvajan zunanji zrak, ali na večji višini, pri čemer gre za ločen v plamen uvajan zunanji zrak. Poskusno testiranje je pokazalo opazno zmanjšanje ΝΟ_χpri kurjenju s fosilnim gorivom, če pri fiksirani skupni količini v plamen uvajanega zunanjega zraka slednjega uvajamo deloma skozi blizu sklopljena vrata za uvajanje dodatnega zraka in deloma skozi ločena vrata za uvajanje dodatnega zraka. Poskusno testiranje je razen tega pokazalo, da obstaja skrajno ugodna porazdelitev dodatnega zraka med blizu sklopljenimi vrati za dodatni zrak in ločenimi vrati za dodatni zrak. V slučaju bituminoznega premoga, če tega vzamemo kot primer, gre pri tej skrajno ugodni porazdelitvi za 1/3 dodatnega zraka dotekajočega skozi blizu sklopljena vrata za dodatni zrak in 2/3 dodatnega zraka skozi ločena vrata za dodatni zrak.Typical use of ambient air introduced into a flame is through one or two tightly closed doors at a single fixed height at the top of the windmill, where the ambient air entrained close to the flame or at a greater height, being an externally separated air introduced into the flame. air. The experimental testing showed a noticeable decrease in ΝΟ _χ in fossil fuel combustion when, when a fixed total volume was introduced into the flame, the latter was introduced partly through a close coupled door for introducing additional air and partly through separate doors for introducing additional air. Trial testing has also shown that there is an extremely favorable distribution of additional air between the close-coupled additional air door and the separate additional air door. In the case of bituminous coal, if taken as an example, this extremely favorable distribution is 1/3 of the additional air flowing through the close coupled door for additional air and 2/3 of the additional air through a separate door for additional air.

Dodatno k zgornjemu je način, po katerem v peč uvajamo dodatni zrak, tako da se zrak meša s plini peči na kontroliran in temeljit način, enako kritičen v smislu doseženja maksimalne učinkovitosti dodatnega zraka. Testni podatki so pokazali, da so dosegljive izboljšave v emisijah ΝΟ_χ, če dodatni zrak vpihavamo iz vsakega kota peči skozi dva, tri ali več oddelkov, pri čemer vsak oddelek vnaša del skupnega toka dodatnega zraka pod različnimi koti kurjenja, tako da se doseže vodoravna porazdelitev zraka v obliki prhe ali pahljače po ravninskem polju peči, če to primerjamo z drugimi vzorci vpihavanja z namenom vpihavanja dodatnega zraka v peč. Razen tega smo ugotovili, da se z uporabo tovrstnega vzorca vpihavanja za dodatni zrak v določeni meri izboljšajo tudi izstopni pogoji peči, ker je na navpični izhodni ravnini peči ustvarjen bolj uniformen vzorec plamena. Vse tangencialno polnjene peči na fosilna goriva imajo v konvekcijskem prehodu - zaradi tangencialnega vzorca toka v spodnji peči - neuniformen vzorec toka. Rezultat tega neuniformnega vzorca toka je več toka na eni strani kot na drugi in ta neuniformni vzorec toka povzroča neravnotežje v temperaturi pare od ene strani do druge. Z uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v peč s pomočjo vzorca vpihavanja, ki je bil opisan zgoraj, pri katerem se z uporabo le-tega dobi porazdelitev dodatnega zraka po ravninskem polju peči v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače, se to neravnotežje zmanjša.In addition to the above, the way in which additional air is introduced into the furnace by mixing the air with the furnace gases in a controlled and thorough manner is equally critical in terms of maximizing the efficiency of the additional air. Test data showed that emission improvements of ΝΟ _χ are achievable if additional air is blown from each corner of the furnace through two, three or more compartments, with each compartment introducing a portion of the total flow of additional air at different angles of incineration to achieve horizontal the distribution of air in the form of a shower or a fan over the plane field of the furnace, when compared with other intake patterns in order to inject additional air into the furnace. In addition, we found that using this kind of blowing pattern for additional air also improves the furnace exit conditions to a certain extent, since a more uniform flame pattern is created on the vertical exit plane of the furnace. All tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces have a nonuniform flow pattern in the convection passage - due to the tangential flow pattern in the lower furnace. The result of this nonuniform flow pattern is more flow on one side than on the other, and this nonuniform flow pattern causes an imbalance in the temperature of the steam from one side to the other. By introducing additional air into the furnace using the blowing pattern described above, which, by using it, distributes the additional air over the plane field of the furnace in the form of a horizontal shower or fan, this imbalance is reduced.

Slednjič imamo lahko izboljšano mešanje dodatnega zraka s plini peči z uvajanjem dodatnega zraka v visokem obratovanju. Da se doseže visoko obratovanje dodatnega zraka, dodatni zrak uvajamo pri hitrostih, ki so znatno nad onimi, kakršne se tipično uporabljajo pri kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike, npr. 200 do 300 ft/s proti 100 do 150 ft/s (1 ft = 0,30479 m). Za dosego teh visokih hitrosti dodatnega zraka utegnemo rabiti polnilno puhalo.Lastly, we can have an improved blending of extra air with the furnace gases by introducing additional high-performance air. In order to achieve high additional air operation, additional air is introduced at speeds substantially above those typically used in prior art combustion systems, e.g. 200 to 300 ft / s vs. 100 to 150 ft / s (1 ft = 0.30479 m). A charge blower may be required to achieve these high speeds of additional air.

Če povzamemo, se je v stanju tehnike pokazala potreba po novem in izboljšanem kurilnem sistemu, takem, ki vključuje izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki bo primeren zlasti za uporabo v zvezi s tangencialno polnjenimi pečmi na fosilna goriva in ki bo, če bo v njih tako rabljen, s svojo uporabo omogočal znižati nivo emisij ΝΟ_χ do nivojev, ki so, če že niso boljši, vsaj ekvivalentni nivojem, ki se jih ta čas jemlje za standardne za ZDA po zakonodaji, ki je v pripravi. Razen tega bodo taki rezultati s takim novim in izboljšanim kurilnim sistemom, v katerega je vgrajen izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka, dosegljivi brez potrebe po tem, da bi za delovanje le-tega rabili kakršne koli dodatke, katalizatorje ali povzročali dodatne stroške dodajnega goriva. Razen tega bodo taki rezultati dosegljivi s tovrstnim novim in izboljšanim kurilnim sistemom, ki vključuje izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka, ki je v celoti združljiv z drugimi sistemi, namenjenimi za zmanjšanje emisij, kot so sistemi vpihavanja apnenca, sistemi ponovnega zgorevanja in sistemi selektivne katalitične redukcije (SKR), ki jih je moč uporabiti za potrebe dodatnega zmanjšanja emisij. Slednjič, a ne nazadnje, bodo taki rezultati dosegljivi s tovrstnim novim in izboljšanim kurilnim sistemom, ki uporablja izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka, ki je enako primeren za uporabo bodisi ko gre za nove uporabe ali ko gre za uporabe na že obstoječem.In summary, the state of the art has shown the need for a new and improved combustion system, one that includes an improved system of introducing additional air into the flame, which will be particularly suitable for use with tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces and which, if used in such a way, it would, by its use, reduce the emission level ΝΟ _χ to levels that, if not better, are at least equivalent to the levels that are being considered standard for the United States under the legislation in the pipeline. Moreover, such results with such a new and improved combustion system incorporating an improved supplementary air system will be achievable without the need for any additives, catalysts or additional fuel costs to operate. In addition, such results will be achievable with this kind of new and improved combustion system, which includes an improved supplementary air system that is fully compatible with other emission reduction systems such as limestone blowing systems, re-combustion systems and selective catalytic reduction systems ( SKR) that can be used to further reduce emissions. Last but not least, such results will be achievable with this kind of new and improved combustion system, which uses an improved supplementary air system that is equally suitable for use, either for new uses or for uses on existing ones.

Zato je torej eden od ciljev pričujočega izuma, ustvariti nov in izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršna je v uporabi, ko gre za peči na fosilna goriva.Therefore, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a new and improved system for introducing additional air into the ΝΟ _χ control flame, which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in fossil fuel stoves.

Nadaljnji cilj pričujočega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je uporabljen v tangencialno kurjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva.It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ that is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially fired fossil fuel stoves.

Še en cilj predloženega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kot se uporablja v tangencialno kurjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, tako da se da z uporabo le-tega emisije ΝΟ_χ znižati na nivoje, ki so, če že niso boljši, vsaj enakovredni tistim, ki se jih ta čas jemlje za standardne za ZDA po zakonodaji, ki je v pripravi.It is another object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ that is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially fired fossil fuel stoves so that it can be emitted ΝΟ _χ reduce to levels that, if not better, are at least equivalent to those considered standard for the United States under the legislation in the pipeline.

Nadaljnji cilj pričujočega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršna se uporablja v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, ki so značilne po tem, da izboljšani sistem dodatnega zraka vključuje uporabo več nivojev oddelkov dodatnega zraka, ki sestojijo iz blizu sklopljenih oddelkov dodatnega zraka in ločenih oddelkov dodatnega zraka.It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ that is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that the improved supplementary air system includes the use of multiple levels of additional air compartments consisting of close coupled additional air compartments and separate additional air compartments.

Še en nadaljnji cilj predloženega izuma je ustvariti tak večnivojski izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je uporabljena v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da gre pri njem za vnaprej določeno izjemno ugodno porazdelitev dodatnega zraka med blizu združenima oddelkoma za dodatni zrak in ločenimi oddelki za dodatni zrak.It is another further object of the present invention to provide such a multi-level improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that for the predetermined extraordinarily favorable distribution of additional air between closely joined additional air divisions and separate additional air divisions.

Nadaljnji cilj pričujočega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je prirejen za delovanje v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da izboljšani sistem dodatnega zraka vključuje uporabo večkotnega vzorca vpihavanja.It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ , which is designed for use in a combustion system of the type adapted for operation in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces and characterized in that air involves the use of a multifaceted blowing pattern.

Še en nadaljnji cilj pričujočega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršna se uporablja v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da se v skladu z njegovim večkotnim vzorcem vpihavanja del skupnega toka dodatnega zraka uvaja pod različnimi polnilnimi koti, tako da se doseže porazdelitev dodatnega zraka v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače po planem polju peči.Another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that with its multifaceted blowing pattern, it introduces a portion of the total flow of additional air at different filling angles, so that the distribution of additional air in the form of a horizontal shower or fan over the planar furnace field is achieved.

Še en cilj predloženega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, za kakršnega gre pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da izboljšani sistem dodatnega zraka vključuje vpihavanje dodatnega zraka v peč pri hitrostih, ki so znatno višje od onih, ki so se doslej uporabljale v kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike.It is another object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that the improved supplementary air system involves the injection of additional air into the furnace at speeds substantially higher than those previously used in prior art combustion systems.

Še en nadaljnji cilj predloženega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kije uporabljena v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, tako da z uporabo le-tega za njegovo delovanje niso potrebni nikakršni dodatki, katalizatorji ali povzročeni dodatni stroški dodajnega goriva.Another object of the present invention is to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ that is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces so that they are not used for its operation no additives, catalysts or additional cost of additional fuel required.

Še nadaljnji cilj pričujočega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v dodatnem sistemu take vrste, kakršna je uporabljena v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da je izboljšani sistem dodatnega zraka povsem združljiv z drugimi sistemi za zmanjševanje emisij, kot so sistemi za vpihavanje apnenca, sistemi za ponovno zgorevanje in sistemi za selektivno katalitično redukcijo (SKR), za katere se po izbiri lahko odločimo z namenom dodatnega zmanjševanja emisij.It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ that is designed for use in an auxiliary system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that it is an improved auxiliary system. fully compatible with other emission abatement systems, such as limestone blowing systems, re-combustion systems and selective catalytic reduction (SKR) systems, which can be optionally opted for further emission reductions.

In še en nadaljnji cilj predloženega izuma je ustvariti tak izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršna se uporablja v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva in ki je značilen po tem, da je izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka enako dobro primeren za uporabo tako pri novih napravah kot tudi na obstoječih ureditvah.And another further object of the present invention is to provide such an improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that it is improved the supplemental air system is equally well suited for use with both new installations and existing installations.

Ο 1Ο 1

Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of solution to a technical problem

V skladu z enim od vidikov predloženega izuma je predviden izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje/krmiljenje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je primeren zlasti za uporabo v pečeh na fosilna goriva, v katerih je urejeno območje z gorilniki. Predmetni izpopolnjeni sistem dodatnega zraka vsebuje več nivojev oddelkov za dodatni zrak. Ti večkratni nivoji oddelkov dodatnega zraka sestoje iz več blizu sklopljenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak in več ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak. Skupina blizu sklopljenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak je primemo razporejena na prvem nivoju znotraj območja peči z gorilniki. V notranjosti vsakega od več blizu sklopljenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak je v montažnem smislu vgrajena šoba za dodatni zrak blizu sklopljenega oddelka. Skupina ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak je primerno podprta pri drugem nivoju v notranjosti območja gorilnikov peči, tako da so le-ti odmaknjeni od skupine blizu sklopljenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak, a poravnani z njimi. Skupina ločenih šob za dodatni zrak je vgrajena v montažnem smislu v notranjosti skupine ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak, tako da skupina ločenih šob za dodatni zrak poteka pod raznimi koti relativno druga glede druge, tako da dodatni zrak, ki izteka iz njih, tvori vodoravno porazdelitev dodatnega zraka v obliki prhe ali pahljače po planem polju območja gorilnikov v peči. Sredstvo za uvajanje dodatnega zraka je delovno povezano tako s šobami za dodatni zrak blizu sklopljenih oddelkov kot tudi s šobami za dodatni zrak ločenih oddelkov za uvajanje dodatnega zraka k le-tem v skladu z vnaprej določeno najugodnejšo porazdelitvijo dodatnega zraka med njimi in za uvajanje dodatnega zraka skozi ločene šobe za dodatni zrak v območje gorilnikov peči pri hitrostih, ki so opazno večje od onih, kakršnih so se posluževali doslej v sistemih kurjenja po stanju tehnike za vpihavanje dodatnega zraka v peč.In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame for the regulation / control _ΝΟ χ, which is designed for use in a fuel system of a type that is especially suited for use in fossil fuel fired furnaces in which landscaped area with burners. This advanced supplemental air system includes several levels of supplementary air compartments. These multiple levels of supplementary air compartments consist of several close coupled supplemental air compartments and several separate supplemental air compartments. A group of close-coupled additional air compartments is primed on the first level within the burner furnace area. In the interior of each of the several close-coupled compartments for additional air, an additional nozzle is mounted in the mounting sense near the folded compartment. The group of separate auxiliary air compartments is suitably supported at the second level in the interior of the furnace burner area so that they are moved away from the group near the coupled auxiliary air compartments but aligned with them. The group of separate nozzles for additional air is mounted in a mounting sense inside the group of separate nozzles for additional air, so that the group of separate nozzles for additional air extends at different angles relative to each other so that the additional air flowing out of them forms a horizontal distribution additional air in the form of a shower or fan over the flat field of the burner area in the furnace. The supplementary air intake means is operatively connected to both the supplementary air nozzles near the coupled compartments as well as to the supplementary air nozzles of the separate compartments for introducing additional air to them according to a predetermined favorable distribution of additional air between them and for introducing additional air through separate auxiliary air nozzles into the furnace burner area at speeds substantially higher than those used previously in the combustion systems according to the state of the art for injecting additional air into the furnace.

V skladu z nadaljnjim vidikom predloženega izuma se predvideva postopek delovanja izboljšanega sistema uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje/krmiljenje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kot je primerna predvsem za uporabo v pečeh na fosilna goriva, takih, ki imajo območje z gorilniki. Zadevni postopek delovanja izboljšanega sistema dodatnega zraka za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ vsebuje korake vpihavanja dodatnega zraka iz blizu sklopljenih oddelkov v območje gorilnikov peči pri prvem nivoju le-te in vpihavanja dodatnega zraka iz ločenih oddelkov v območje gorilnikov peči pri drugem njenem nivoju v skladu z vnaprej določeno najugodnejšo porazdelitvijo dodatnega zraka med prvim nivojem in drugim nivojem, in tako, da dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo v območje d >According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for operating an improved system of introducing additional air into the control / steering flame ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of a type suitable primarily for use in fossil fuel furnaces, which have an area with burners. The operation procedure of the improved supplementary air control system ΝΟ _χ contains the steps of blowing additional air from close coupled compartments into the furnace burner area at the first level thereof and injecting additional air from separate compartments into the furnace burner area at its second level according to a predetermined the most favorable distribution of additional air between the first level and the second level, and so that the additional air that is blown into the area d>

gorilnikov peči pri drugem njenem nivoju, tvori vodoravno porazdelitev dodatnega zraka v obliki prhe ali pahljače po planem polju območja gorilnikov peči, in tako, da dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo v območje gorilnikov peči pri drugem njenem nivoju, vpihavamo v območje gorilnikov peči s hitrostmi, ki so znatno nad hitrostmi, kakršne so se uporabljale doslej pri kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike za vpihavanje dodatnega zraka v peč.of the furnace burners at its second level, forms a horizontal distribution of additional air in the form of a shower or a fan over the planar field of the furnace burner area, and so that the additional air that is injected into the furnace burner area at its second level is blown into the furnace burner area at speeds , which are well above the speeds used so far in prior art combustion systems for injecting additional air into the furnace.

Izum v nadaljnjem konkretiziramo s pomočjo izvedbenih primerov predmetnega sistema, predstavljenih na priloženih listih skic, v katerih kaže sl. 1 shematično ponazoritev v obliki pokončnega prereza peči na fosilna goriva, v kateri je realiziran izboljšan sistem za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje/krmiljenje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zgrajen v skladu s predloženim izumom;The invention is further concretized by means of embodiments of the subject system presented in the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration in the form of an upright cross-section of a fossil fuel furnace in which an improved system for introducing additional air into the control / steering flame ΝΟ _χ constructed in accordance with the present invention is realized;

sl. 2 shematično ponazoritev v obliki pokončnega prereza kurilnega sistema take vrste, kot je uporabljena v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, pri čemer gre za ponazoritev izvedbe izboljšanega sistema dodatnega zraka za uravnavanj e/krmiljenj e ΝΟ_χ, kije zasnovana v skladu s predloženim izumom;FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration in the form of an upright cross-section of a combustion system of the type used in tangentially filled fossil fuel stoves, illustrating an embodiment of an improved supplementary air control / control system e ΝΟ _χ designed in accordance with the present invention;

sl. 3 grafično ponazoritev učinka na ΝΟ_χ (ΝΟΧ), če uporabljamo izboljšan sistem dodatnega zraka, ki je zasnovan v skladu s predloženim izumom, pri čemer gre pri tem za vnaprej določeno razmerje dodatnega zraka med dodatnim zrakom blizu sklopljenih oddelkov in dodatnim zrakom ločenih oddelkov;FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of the effect on ΝΟ _χ (ΝΟΧ) when using an improved supplementary air system designed in accordance with the present invention, with a predetermined ratio of additional air between the additional air near the coupled compartments and the additional compartment air;

sl. 4 porazdelitven vzorec v obliki prhe ali pahljače v tlorisu za dodatni zrak, ki je uporabljen pri izboljšanem sistemu dodatnega zraka, zasnovanem v skladu s predloženim izumom;FIG. 4 shows a distribution pattern in the form of a shower or a fan in the floor plan for additional air used in an improved supplementary air system designed in accordance with the present invention;

sl. 5 grafično ponazoritev učinka na ΝΟ_χ uporabe izboljšanega sistema dodatnega zraka, zasnovanega v skladu s predloženim izumom, pri čemer dodatni zrak porazdeljujemo v skladu z vodoravno porazdelitvijo v obliki prhe ali pahljače po vzorcu, ki ga kaže skica sl. 4; in sl. 6 grafično ponazoritev učinka na ΝΟ_χ pri uporabi izboljšanega sistema dodatnega zraka, zasnovanega v skladu s predloženim izumom, pri čemer dodatni zrak vpihavamo v peč pri visokih hitrostih.FIG. 5 graphically illustrate the effect on _ΝΟ χ use of an improved system of secondary air, is arranged in accordance with the present invention, wherein the additional air is distributed in accordance with a horizontal distribution in a spray or fan according to the model illustrated by FIG. 4; and FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of the effect on _{χ χ} when using an improved supplementary air system designed in accordance with the present invention, whereby additional air is blown into the furnace at high speeds.

Če sedaj preidemo k skicam, zlasti k sl. 1, spoznamo peč 10 na fosilna goriva. Glede na to, da sta strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja narava gradnje in način obratovanja peči na fosilna goriva znana, ne vidimo potrebe po tem, da bi tu peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ki jo kaže skica sl. 1, v podrobnostih opisovali. Zdi se, da za potrebe razumevanja peči 10 na fosilna goriva, ki jo je moč kooperativno združiti s kurilnim sistemom 12 in ki tvori izboljšan sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki je zgrajen po predloženem izumu, tako da v skladu s tem izumom sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen lahko vgradimo v peč 10 kot del kurilnega sistema 12 in da, ko je tako vgrajen, v njej deluje za zmanjševanje emisij ΝΟ_χ iz peči 10 na fosilna goriva, zadošča, če se tu omejimo zgolj na opis narave sestavin peči 10 na fosilna goriva, s katerimi sodelujeta kurilni sistem 12 in izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen. Za podrobnejši opis narave zgradbe in načina delovanja sestavin peči 10 na fosilna goriva, ki nista opisana tu, se lahko, če je to potrebno, obrnemo na stanje tehnike, npr. na US 4,719,587, ki je bil dne 12. januarja 1988 izdan na ime F. J. Berte in so bile pravice prenesene na istega nosilca, kot je to slučaj pri pričujoči prijavi.Turning now to the drawings, in particular to FIGS. 1, we get to know the fossil fuel stove 10. Given that the experts in the field in question are familiar with the nature of the construction and how the fossil fuel stove is operated, we do not see a need for a fossil fuel stove 10 shown in FIG. 1, described in detail. For the purposes of understanding the fossil fuel furnace 10, which can be cooperatively coupled to the combustion system 12 and which forms an improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame constructed according to the present invention, it is understood that, in accordance with the present invention the system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame can be installed in the furnace 10 as part of the combustion system 12 and, when fitted, operates to reduce the emissions of ΝΟ _χ from the furnace 10 to fossil fuels, if it is limited to the description here the nature of the constituents of the fossil fuel stove 10, with which the combustion system 12 and the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame cooperate. For a more detailed description of the nature of the structure and the operation of the components of the fossil fuel furnace 10 not described herein, we may, if necessary, refer to the prior art, e.g. U.S. Patent No. 4,719,587, issued Jan. 12, 1988, in the name of FJ Bertha, and the rights were transferred to the same holder as in the present application.

Če se še zadržimo pri skici sl. 1, vidimo, da peč 10 na fosilna goriva, kakršna je tu predstavljena, obsega gorilniško območje 16. Kot bo bolj podrobno opisano spodaj v zvezi z opisom narave zgradbe in načina obratovanja kurilnega sistema 12 in izboljšanega sistema 14 uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen, se v gorilniškem območju 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva dogaja, da na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, prihaja do zgorevanja fosilnega goriva in zraka. Vroči plini, ki nastajajo pri zgorevanju fosilnega goriva in zraka, se dvigajo gor v peči 10. Med nagomjim gibanjem v peči 10 vroči plini na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, oddajajo toploto fluidu, ki teče skozi cevi (niso predstavljene, da pridobimo na preglednosti skice), ki spremljajo na običajen način vse štiri stene pečiIf we still dwell on the sketch of FIG. 1, it can be seen that the fossil fuel furnace 10 as presented herein comprises a combustion zone 16. As will be described in more detail below with respect to the description of the nature of the structure and operation of the combustion system 12 and the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame, in the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10, fossil fuel and air combustion occurs in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The hot gases generated by the combustion of fossil fuels and air are lifted up in the furnace 10. During the upward movement in the furnace 10, the hot gases in a manner known to those skilled in the art give heat to the fluid flowing through the pipes (not shown, to obtain on transparency sketches) which accompany in the usual manner all four walls of the furnace

10. Vroči plini nato zapustijo peč 10 skozi vodoraven prehod 18 peči 10, ki po svoji plati vodi k hrbtnemu prehodu 20 za pline peči 10. Vodoravni prehod 18 in hrbtni prehod 20 za pline skupno vsebujeta nadaljnjo površino za menjanje toplote (ni predstavljena) za ustvarjanje in pregrevanje pare, kot je to strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja splošno znano. Paro zatem navadno vodimo, da teče v turbino (ni predstavljena), ki predstavlja sestavni del (neprikazanega) sklopa turbine/generatorja, tako da para ustvarja gibalno energijo za pogon turbine (ni predstavljena), s tem pa tudi generatorja (ni predstavljen), ki je na znan način kooperativno sklopljen s turbino (ni predstavljena), tako da (nepredstavljeni) generator ustvarja električni tok.10. The hot gases then leave the furnace 10 through the horizontal passage 18 of the furnace 10, which in turn leads to the back passage 20 for the furnace gases 10. The horizontal passage 18 and the back passage 20 for the gases together comprise a further heat exchange surface (not shown) for steam generation and overheating, as is commonly known to those skilled in the art. The steam is then usually run into a turbine (not shown), which is an integral part of the (not shown) turbine / generator assembly, so that the steam generates the driving energy to drive the turbine (not represented) and thus the generator (not presented), which in a known manner is cooperatively coupled to a turbine (not represented) so that the (unrepresented) generator generates electric current.

S pomočjo skic sl. 1 in 2 bomo sedaj opisali kurilni sistem 12 in izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki je v skladu s predloženim izumom zgrajen za uporabo kot del kurilnega sistema, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, pri čemer je kurilni sistem, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, po svoji plati zgrajen za kooperativno združitev s pečjo, zgrajeno na način peči 10 na fosilna goriva, ki je ponazorjena v skici sl. 1. Bolj konkretno je izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu, kot je kurilni sistem 12, tako da v primeru, ko je kurilni sistem 12 kot tak po skici sl. 2 uporabljen v peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen deluje za zmanjševanje emisij ΝΟ_χ iz peči 10 na fosilna goriva.Using the sketches of FIG. 1 and 2, we will now describe a combustion system 12 and an improved system 14 for introducing additional air into a flame, which according to the present invention is constructed for use as part of a combustion system such as a combustion system 12, wherein a combustion system such as a combustion system system 12, in its own plan, constructed for cooperative merger with a furnace constructed in the manner of the fossil fuel furnace 10, illustrated in FIG. 1. More specifically, the improved system for introducing additional air into the flame is designed for use in a combustion system such as a combustion system 12, so that in the case of the combustion system 12 as such in FIG. 2 used in a furnace such as a fossil fuel furnace 10, an improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame works to reduce the emissions of _{χ χ} from the fossil fuel furnace 10.

Kurilni sistem 12 vsebuje ohišje, ki je prednostno v obliki vetrnika 22. Vetrnik 22 je na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, podprt z običajnimi nosilnimi sredstvi (niso prikazana) v gorilniškem območju 16 peči 10, tako da vzdolžna os vetrnika 22 poteka v bistvu vzporedno z vzdolžno osjo peči 10.The combustion system 12 comprises a housing which is preferably in the form of a windmill 22. The windmill 22 is, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, supported by conventional supporting means (not shown) in the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 such that the longitudinal axis of the windmill 22 runs substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace 10.

Na spodnjem koncu vetrnika 22 je predviden prvi zračni oddelek 24 (sl. 2). Zračna šoba 26 je v notranjosti zračnega oddelka 24 držana v vgraditvenem smislu z uporabo poljubnega običajnega montažnega sredstva (ni predstavljeno), primernega za uporabo za tak namen. Sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka (sl. 1) je na način, ki bo podrobneje opisan kasneje, delovno povezano z zračno šobo 26, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak v zračno šobo 26 in preko te v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10. Sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka v ta namen vsebuje puhalo 30 (sl. 1) in zračne vode 32, ki so preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih naprav (niso predstavljeni) na eni strani tokovnotehnično zvezani s puhalom 30 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 34 na skici sl. 1, z zračno šobo 26.At the lower end of the windmill 22, a first air section 24 is provided (Fig. 2). The air nozzle 26 is held internally in the interior of the air compartment 24 using any conventional mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. The air supply means 28 (FIG. 1) is connected to the air nozzle 26 in a manner described in more detail later, so that the air supply means 28 supply air to the air nozzle 26 and through it to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10. The air supply means 28 for this purpose comprise a blower 30 (FIG. 1) and air ducts 32, which are connected to the blower 30 on the one hand and separated by separate valves and controls (not shown) on one side, as schematically shown in FIG. 34 in the sketch of FIG. 1, with air nozzle 26.

Če se še nadalje zadržimo pri vetmiku 22, vidimo, da je v skladu z naravo zgradbe predstavljenega izvedbenega primera kurilnega sistema 12 prvi gorivni oddelek 36 (sl. 2) v vetmiku 22 urejen v notranjosti spodnjega odseka le-tega tako, da je razporejen v bistvu sosedno z zračnim oddelkom 24. Prva gorivna šoba 38 (sl. 2) je v gorivnem oddelku 36 držana v vgraditvenem smislu z uporabo poljubne običajne oblike montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v ta namen. Sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva (sl. 1) je na način, ki bo pobliže opisan kasneje, delovno povezano z gorivno šobo 38, tako da sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva dovaja gorivo v gorivno šobo 38 in preko te v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10. Sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva namreč vsebuje drobilnik 42 (sl. 1), kjer je fosilno gorivo, ki je pripravljeno za zgorevanje v peči 10, podvrženo mletju na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, in vode 44 za gorivo, ki so preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih naprav (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani z drobilnikom 42 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 46 (sl. 1), z gorivno šobo 38. Drobilnik 42 (sl. 1) je delovno povezan s puhalom 30, tako da zrak od puhala 30 teče tudi v drobilnik 42 in se s tem gorivo, ki izhaja iz drobilnika 42, transportira skozi gorivne vode 44 v zračnem toku na način, kije strokovnjakom s tega področja znan.If we continue to stay at vetmik 22, we can see that in accordance with the nature of the structure of the exemplified embodiment of the heating system 12, the first fuel compartment 36 (Fig. 2) in vetmik 22 is arranged inside the lower section thereof so that it is arranged in substantially adjacent to air section 24. The first fuel nozzle 38 (FIG. 2) is held in the fitting section 36 in a fitting sense using any conventional form of mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. The fuel supply means 40 (FIG. 1) is connected to the fuel nozzle 38 in a manner to be described later, so that the fuel supply means 40 feeds the fuel into the fuel nozzle 38 and through it to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10. Namely, the fuel supply means 40 comprises a shredder 42 (FIG. 1), wherein the fossil fuel prepared for combustion in the furnace 10 is subjected to grinding in a manner known to those skilled in the art and water 44 for fuel, which are via separate valves and controls (not shown) connected to the crusher 42 on the one hand and on the other, as schematically shown in 46 (Fig. 1), with the fuel nozzle 38. The crusher 42 (Fig. 1) is connected to blower 30, so that the air from blower 30 also flows into the shredder 42, and thus the fuel resulting from the shredder 42 is transported through the fuel lines 44 in the air stream in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

Razen z zračnim oddelkom 24 in gorivnim oddelkom 36, ki smo ju pravkar opisali, je vetrnik 22 zasnovan tudi z drugim zračnim oddelkom 48 (sl. 2). Zračni odelek 48 je v vetrniku 22 urejen tako, da je razporejen v bistvu sosedno z gorivnim oddelkom 36. Zračna šoba 50 (sl. 2) je v zračnem oddelku 48 vgrajena v montažnem smislu ob uporabi poljubne običajne oblike montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Zračna šoba 50 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 28 za dovajanje zraka - le-to smo že opisali malo više - preko zračnih vodov 32, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani s puhalom 30 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 52 (sl. 1), z zračno šobo 50, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak zračni šobi 50 in preko te v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način kot pri onem, ki smo ga že opisali v zvezi z zračno šobo 26.In addition to the air section 24 and the fuel section 36 just described, the windmill 22 is also designed with another air section 48 (Fig. 2). The air section 48 is arranged in the wind 22 so as to be substantially adjacent to the fuel compartment 36. The air nozzle 50 (Fig. 2) is mounted in the air compartment 48 in a mounting sense using any conventional form of mounting means (not shown), suitable for use for this purpose. The nozzle 50 is operatively connected to the air supply means 28 - as we have already described a little more - through the air ducts 32 (Fig. 1), which are connected (on the one hand) with separate valves and controls (not shown) to one side by blower 30 and the other, as schematically seen in 52 (FIG. 1), with an air nozzle 50 such that the air supply means 28 supply air to the air nozzle 50 and through it to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 in the same manner as in that , which we have already described in relation to the nozzle 26.

V vetrniku 22 je nadalje urejen drugi gorivni oddelek 54 (sl. 2), ki je razporejen v bistvu sosedno z zračnim oddelkom 48. Druga gorivna šoba 56 (sl. 2) je v notranjosti gorivnega oddelka 54 držana v montažnem smislu s pomočjo poljubnih montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Gorivna šoba 56 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 40 za dovajanje goriva - le-to smo že opisali zgoraj preko gorivnih vodov 44, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani z drobilnikom 42, kjer je fosilno gorivo, ki je pripravljeno za zgorevanje v peči 10, podvrženo mletju na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, na drugi pa z gorivno šobo 56, tako da sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva dovaja gorivo v gorivno šobo 56 in skoznjo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način, kot je način, ki smo ga opisali zgoraj v zvezi s predstavitvijo gorivne Šobe 38. Drobilnik 42 je delovno povezan s puhalom 30, tako da zrak od puhala 30 teče tudi v drobilnik 42, tako da se gorivo, ki zapušča drobilnik 42 in teče v gorivni oddelek 54, transportira skozi gorivne vode 44 v zračnem toku na način, kije strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan.In the wind 22 there is further arranged a second fuel compartment 54 (FIG. 2) arranged substantially adjacent to the air compartment 48. The second fuel nozzle 56 (FIG. 2) is internally held in the fuel compartment 54 by means of arbitrary mounting means. assets (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. The fuel nozzle 56 is operatively connected to the fuel supply means 40 - which has already been described above via fuel lines 44, which (Fig. 1) are connected to the crusher 42 via separate valves and controls (not shown). , where the fossil fuel ready for combustion in the furnace 10 is subjected to grinding in a manner known to those skilled in the art and to the other with a fuel nozzle 56 so that the fuel supply means 40 feeds the fuel into the nozzle 56 and through combustion zone 16 of furnace 10 in the same manner as described above with respect to the presentation of fuel nozzle 38. The shredder 42 is connected to the blower 30 so that the air from the blower 30 also flows into the shredder 42, so that the fuel leaving the crusher 42 and flowing into the fuel compartment 54 is transported through the fuel lines 44 in the air stream in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

V skladu s predstavljenim izvedbenim primerom vetrnika 22 je v le-tem predviden tretji zračni oddelek 60 (sl. 2). Zračni odelek 60 je v vetrniku 22 razporejen v bistvu sosedno z gorivnim oddelkom 54. Zračna šoba 62 (sl. 2) je v zračnem oddelku 60 vgrajena v montažnem smislu ob uporabi poljubnih običajnih montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Zračna šoba 62 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 28 za dovajanje zraka - le-to smo že opisali malo više - preko zračnih vodov 32, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani s puhalom 30 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 64 v skici sl. 1, z zračno šobo 62, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak zračni šobi 62 in preko te v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način kot pri onem, ki smo ga že opisali v zvezi z opisovanjem zračnih šob 26 in 50.According to the exemplary embodiment of the windmill 22, a third air section 60 is provided therein (Fig. 2). The air section 60 is arranged substantially adjacent to the fuel compartment 54 in the wind 22. The air nozzle 62 (Fig. 2) is mounted in the air compartment 60 in an assembly sense using any conventional mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. . The air nozzle 62 is operatively connected to the air supply means 28 - as we have already described a little more - through air ducts 32, which (Fig. 1) are connected (not shown) to current-connected electrically on one side by blower 30 and the other, as schematically seen in 64 in FIG. 1, with an air nozzle 62 such that the air supply means 28 supply air to the air nozzle 62 and through it to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 in the same manner as that described previously in connection with the description of air nozzles 26 and 50.

Kurilni sistem 12 v predstavljenem izvedbenem primeru nadalje obsega v vetrniku 22 urejen tretji gorivni oddelek 66 (sl. 2). Gorivni oddelek 66 je razporejen v bistvu sosedno z zračnim oddelkom 60. Tretja gorivna šoba 68 (sl. 2) je v notranjosti gorivnega oddelka 66 držana v montažnem smislu s pomočjo poljubnih običajnih montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Gorivna šoba 68 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 40 za dovajanje goriva - le-to smo že opisali zgoraj - preko gorivnih vodov 44, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani z drobilnikom 42, kjer je fosilno gorivo, ki je pripravljeno za zgorevanje v peči 10, podvrženo mletju na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, na drugi pa, kot se shematično lahko vidi na skici sl. 1 pri 70, z gorivno šobo 68, tako da sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva dovaja gorivo v gorivno šobo 68 in skoznjo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način, kot je način, ki smo ga opisali zgoraj v zvezi s predstavitvijo gorivnih šob 38 in 56. Kot že rečeno, je (sl. 1) drobilnik 42 delovno povezan s puhalom 30, tako da zrak od puhala 30 teče tudi v drobilnik 42, tako da se gorivo, ki zapušča drobilnik 42 in teče v gorivni oddelek 66, transportira skozi gorivne vode 44 v zračnem toku na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan.In the present embodiment, the combustion system 12 further comprises a third fuel compartment 66 arranged in the windmill 22 (Fig. 2). The fuel compartment 66 is arranged substantially adjacent to the air compartment 60. The third fuel nozzle 68 (FIG. 2) is internally held in the fuel compartment 66 by means of any conventional mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. The fuel nozzle 68 is operatively connected to the fuel supply means 40 - as described above - via fuel lines 44, which (Fig. 1) are connected to the shredder by means of separate valves and controls (not shown) on one side. 42, wherein the fossil fuel prepared for combustion in the furnace 10 is subjected to grinding in a manner known to those skilled in the art and, on the other, as can be seen schematically in FIG. 1 at 70 with a fuel nozzle 68 such that the fuel supply means 40 feeds the fuel into the fuel nozzle 68 and through the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 in the same manner as described above with respect to the representation of the fuel nozzles 38 and 56. As already mentioned, (Fig. 1) the shredder 42 is connected to the blower 30 so that the air from the blower 30 also flows into the shredder 42 so that the fuel leaving the shredder 42 and flows into the fuel compartment 66 is transported through the fuel lines 44 in the air stream in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

V predstavljenem izvedbenem primeu kurilnega sistema 12 je v vetrniku 22 predviden četrti zračni oddelek 72 (sl. 2). Četrti zračni odelek 72 je v vetrniku 22 razporejen v bistvu sosedno z gorivnim oddelkom 66. Četrta zračna šoba 74 (sl. 2) je v zračnem oddelku 72 vgrajena v montažnem smislu ob uporabi poljubnih montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Zračna šoba 74 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 28 za dovajanje zraka - le-to smo že opisali malo više 16 preko zračnih vodov 32, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani s puhalom 30 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 76 v skici sl. 1, z zračno šobo 74, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak zračni šobi 74 in preko te v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način kot pri onem, ki smo ga že opisali v zvezi z opisovanjem zračnih šob 26, 50 in 62.In the presented embodiment of the heating system 12, a fourth air section 72 is provided in the windmill 22 (Fig. 2). The fourth air section 72 is arranged substantially adjacent to the fuel compartment 66 in the wind 22. The fourth air nozzle 74 (FIG. 2) is mounted in the air compartment 72 in an assembly sense using any mounting means (not shown) suitable for use in such purpose. The nozzle 74 is operatively connected to the air supply means 28 - we have already described a little more 16 through the air ducts 32 (Fig. 1), which are connected (on the one hand) with separate valves and controls (not shown) to one side by blower 30 and the other, as schematically seen in 76 in FIG. 1, with an air nozzle 74 such that the air supply means 28 supply the air to the air nozzle 74 and through it to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 in the same manner as that described previously in connection with the description of air nozzles 26, 50 and 62.

V predstavljenem izvedbenem primeru kurilnega sistema 12 je v vetrniku 22 urejen tudi četrti gorivni oddelek 78 (sl. 2), ki je razporejen v bistvu sosedno z zračnim oddelkom 72. Četrta gorivna šoba 80 (sl. 2) je v notranjosti gorivnega oddelka 78 držana v montažnem smislu s pomočjo poljubnih običajnih montažnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen. Gorivna šoba 80 je delovno povezana s sredstvom 40 za dovajanje goriva - le-to smo že opisali zgoraj - preko gorivnih vodov 44, ki so (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani z drobilnikom 42, kjer je fosilno gorivo, ki je pripravljeno za zgorevanje v peči 10, podvrženo mletju na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, na drugi pa, kot se shematično lahko vidi na skici sl. 1 pri 82, z gorivno šobo 80, tako da sredstvo 40 za dovajanje goriva dovaja gorivo v gorivno šobo 80 in skoznjo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na enak način, kot je način, ki smo ga opisali zgoraj v zvezi s predstavitvijo gorivnih šob 38, 56 in 68. Kot že rečeno, je (sl. 1) drobilnik 42 delovno povezan s puhalom 30, tako da zrak od puhala 30 teče tudi v drobilnik 42, tako da se gorivo, ki zapušča drobilnik 42 in teče v gorivni oddelek 78, transportira skozi gorivne vode 44 v zračnem toku na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan.In the presented embodiment of the combustion system 12, a fourth fuel compartment 78 (FIG. 2) arranged substantially adjacent to the air compartment 72 is arranged in the windmill 22. The fourth fuel nozzle 80 (FIG. 2) is held internally in the fuel compartment 78. in the mounting sense by means of any conventional mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. The fuel nozzle 80 is operatively connected to the fuel supply means 40 - as described above - via the fuel lines 44, which (Fig. 1) are connected to the shredder (not shown) on one side by a crusher. 42, wherein the fossil fuel prepared for combustion in the furnace 10 is subjected to grinding in a manner known to those skilled in the art and, on the other, as can be seen schematically in FIG. 1 at 82 with a fuel nozzle 80 such that the fuel supply means 40 feeds the fuel into the fuel nozzle 80 and through the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 in the same manner as described above with respect to the representation of the fuel nozzles 38 , 56 and 68. As mentioned above (Fig. 1), the shredder 42 is connected to the blower 30 so that the air from the blower 30 also flows into the shredder 42, so that the fuel leaving the shredder 42 and flows into the fuel compartment 78 is transported through the combustion ducts 44 in the air stream in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

V nadaljnjem bo šlo za opis narave zgradbe izboljšanega sistema 14 uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen po predloženem izumu kot tudi načina, kako izboljšani sistem 14 uvajanja zunanjega zraka v plamen po predloženem izumu tvori del kurilnega sistema, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12. Izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen (sl. 1 in 2) v skladu z najboljšim načinom realizacije izumske zamisli vsebuje dvojico blizu sklopljenih oddelkov 84, 86 za dodatni zrak (sl. 2). Blizu sklopljena oddelka 84, 86 za dodatni zrak sta v skladu z najboljšim načinom realizacije izuma tako urejena v vetrniku 22 kurilnega sistema 12 v območju zgornjega odseka vetrnika 22, da se nahajata v bistvu sosedno z zračnim oddelkom 78. Dvojica blizu sklopljenih šob 88, 90 za dodatni zrak (sl. 2) je v dvojici blizu sklopljenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak tako vgrajena v montažnem smislu z uporabo poljubnih običajnih montažnih sredstev (niso predstavljena), ki so primerna za uporabo v ta namen, da je blizu sklopljena šoba 88 za dodatni zrak vgrajena v blizu sklopljeni oddelek 84 za dodatni zrak, blizu sklopljena šoba 90 za dodatni zrak pa vgrajena v blizu sklopljeni oddelek 86 za dodatni zrak. Blizu sklopljeni šobi 88, 90 za dodatni zrak sta preko zračnih vodov 32 vsaka delovno povezani s sredstvom 28 za dovajanje zraka, pri čemer so zračni vodi 32 (sl. 1) preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezani na eni strani s puhalom 30 in na drugi, kot se shematično vidi pri 92 na skici sl. 1, z vsako od blizu sklopljenih šob 88, 90 za dodatni zrak, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak vsaki od blizu sklopljenih šob 88, 90 za dodatni zrak in preko le-teh v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10.The following will describe the nature of the structure of the improved system of introducing additional air into the flame according to the present invention as well as how the improved system of introducing ambient air into the flame of the present invention forms part of a combustion system such as a combustion system 12. The improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame (Figs. 1 and 2) in accordance with the best way of realizing the inventive concept contains a pair of close together sections 84, 86 for additional air (Fig. 2). According to the best embodiment of the invention, the closely coupled sections 84, 86 for additional air are arranged so in the wind 22 of the heating system 12 in the area of the upper section of the wind 22 that they are substantially adjacent to the air section 78. Two near the coupled nozzles 88, 90 for the additional air (Fig. 2), the two in the vicinity of the coupled compartments of the supplementary air are thus mounted in mounting sense using any conventional mounting means (not shown) which are suitable for use for the purpose that the nozzle 88 for the additional air installed in the close-coupled compartment 84 for additional air, and close-coupled nozzle 90 for the additional air fitted into the close-coupled compartment 86 for additional air. Nearly coupled nozzles 88, 90 for additional air are each connected to the air supply means 28 via the air ducts 32, the air ducts 32 (FIG. 1) being connected to one side by means of separate valves and controls (not shown). with blower 30 and the other, as schematically seen in 92 in FIG. 1, with each of the close coupled nozzles 88, 90 for additional air, such that the air supply means 28 supply air to each of the close coupled nozzles 88, 90 for additional air and through them to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10.

V skladu z najboljšim načinom realizacije predloženega izuma izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen vsebuje več ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak, ki so ob uporabi običajnih nosilnih sredstev (niso prikazana), primernih za uporabo v tak namen, prikladno vgrajeni v notranjost gorilniškega območja 16 peči 10, tako da so odmaknjeni od blizu sklopljenih oddelkov 84, 86 za dodatni zrak in tudi tako, da so v bistvu soosni z vzdolžno osjo vetmika 22. Kar zadeva število ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak, gre prednostno za tri take oddelke 94, 96, 98 (sl. 2). Ločene šobe 100. 102,104 za dodatni zrak (sl. 2) so v montažnem smislu z uporabo poljubnih običajnih montažnih sredstev (niso predstavljena), primernih za uporabo v tak namen, vgrajene v notranjosti ločenih oddelkov 94, 96, 98 za dodatni zrak, tako da je ločena šoba 100 za dodatni zrak vgrajena tako za navpično (nagibno) in vodoravno (odklon od neke dane smeri v vodoravni ravnini) gibanje v ločenem oddelku 94 za dodatni zrak, ločena šoba 102 za dodatni zrak vgrajena tako za navpično (nagibno) in vodoravno (odklon od neke dane smeri v vodoravni ravnini) gibanje v ločenem oddelku 96 za dodatni zrak in ločena šoba 104 za dodatni zrak vgrajena tako za navpično (nagibno) in vodoravno (odklon od neke dane smeri v vodoravni ravnini) gibanje v ločenem oddelku 98 za dodatni zrak. Vsaka iz skupine šob 100,102,104 za dodatni zrak je (sl. 1) preko zračnih vodov 32 delovno zvezana s sredstvom 28 za dovajanje zraka, kije preko ločenih ventilov in krmilnih organov (niso predstavljeni) tokovnotehnično zvezano na eni strani s puhalom 30 in na drugi (sl. 1) pri 106 z vsako od ločenih šob 100, 102, 104 za dodatni zrak, tako da sredstvo 28 za dovajanje zraka dovaja zrak v vsako od ločenih šob 100, 102, 104 za dodatni zrak in preko njih v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10.In accordance with the best embodiment of the present invention, the improved system for introducing additional air into the flame comprises several separate compartments for additional air which are conveniently installed inside the burner area using conventional carrier means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose. 16 of the furnace 10, so that they are spaced from the closely coupled compartments 84, 86 for additional air and also substantially co-axial with the longitudinal axis of the vetic 22. As regards the number of separate compartments for additional air, three such compartments 94 are preferred, 96, 98 (Fig. 2). Separate nozzles 100. 102,104 for additional air (Fig. 2) are in mounting sense using any conventional mounting means (not shown) suitable for use for this purpose, mounted inside separate sections 94, 96, 98 for additional air, thus that a separate nozzle 100 for additional air is installed for both vertical (tilting) and horizontal (deviation from a given direction in the horizontal plane) motion in a separate section 94 for additional air, a separate nozzle 102 for additional air is installed for both vertical (tilting) and horizontal (deviation from a given direction in the horizontal plane) movement in a separate section 96 for additional air and a separate nozzle 104 for additional air mounted for both vertical (tilt) and horizontal (deviation from a given direction in the horizontal plane) movement in a separate section 98 for extra air. Each of the additional air nozzles 100,102,104 (Fig. 1) is connected, via the air ducts 32, to the air supply means 28, which are connected to the blower 30 on the one hand and on the other via separate valves and controls (not shown). Fig. 1) at 106 with each of the separate nozzles 100, 102, 104 for additional air, so that the air supply means 28 supply air to each of the separate nozzles 100, 102, 104 for additional air and through them to the burner area 16 of the furnace 10.

Na kratko bomo sedaj opisali način delovanja izboljšanega sistema 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, zasnovanega po predloženem izumu, in kurilnega sistema 12, za sodelovanje s katerim je zgrajen izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen z namenom doseči zmanjšanje emisij ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, v katero sta vgrajena tako kurilni sistem 12 kot tudi izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki je s prvim združen v smislu sodelovanja. Kar zadeva delovanje kurilnega sistema 12 s sl. 1 in 2, uvajamo zrak in fosilno gorivo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 skozi po višinskih položajih menjajoče se zračne oddelke in gorivne oddelke, ki so v ta namen primerno urejeni v vetmiku 22. Po predstavljenem izvedbenem primeru kurilnega sistema 12 namreč zrak uvajamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 skozi zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72, fosilno gorivo pa uvajamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 skozi oddelke 36, 54, 66, 78 za fosilno gorivo. Na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, v gorilniškem območju 16 peči 10 sprožimo zgorevanje fosilnega goriva, uvedenega tja skozi oddelke 36, 54, 66, 78 za fosilno gorivo, in zraka, uvedenega tja skozi zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72. Vroči plini, ki nastajajo pri tem zgorevanju fosilnega goriva in zraka v gorilniškem območju 16 peči 10, se na znan način dvigajo gor v peči 10. Med tem vzpenjalnim gibanjem vročih plinov v peči 10 na fosilna goriva le-ti na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan, oddajajo toploto fluidu, ki teče po ceveh (niso predstavljene), ki na znan način tvorijo oplaščenje vseh štirih sten peči 10. Ti vroči plini zatem izstopijo iz peči 10 skozi vodoravni prehod 18 peči 10, ki po svoji plati vodi k zadnjemu prehodu 20 za pline peči 10. Vodoravni prehod 18 in zadnji prehod 20 za pline običajno vsak vsebuje drugo površino za menjanje toplote (ni predstavljena) za ustvarjanje in pregrevanje pare na način, ki je strokovnjakom z zadevnega področja znan. To paro se zatem običajno vodi v turbino (ni predstavljena), ki tvori del (neprikazanega) sklopa turbine in generatorja, tako da para ustvarja pogonsko moč za poganjanje turbine (ni predstavljena) in s tem tudi generatorja (ni predstavljen), ki je na znan način gibalnosklepno zvezan s turbino (ni prikazana), tako da generator (ni prikazan) na ta način ustvarja električni tok.We will now briefly describe how the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame designed according to the present invention will be briefly described, and the combustion system 12 for the cooperation with which the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame will be built in order to achieve the emission reduction ΝΟ _χ from furnaces, such as the fossil fuel furnace 10, which incorporate both the combustion system 12 and the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame, which is combined with the former in terms of cooperation. With respect to the operation of the heating system 12 of FIG. 1 and 2, the air and fossil fuel are introduced into the combustion zone 16 of the furnace 10 through the altitude positions of the changing air compartments and fuel compartments suitably arranged in the vetmik 22. According to the presented embodiment of the combustion system 12, namely, the air is introduced into the combustor area 16 of furnace 10 through air compartments 24, 48, 60, 72, and fossil fuel is introduced into the combustion zone 16 of furnace 10 through compartments 36, 54, 66, 78 for fossil fuel. In the manner known to those skilled in the art, the combustion of fossil fuel introduced there through sections 36, 54, 66, 78 for fossil fuel and the air introduced there through air sections 24, 48, 60 is initiated in the combustion zone 16 of furnace 10. 72. The hot gases resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels and air in the combustion zone 16 of furnace 10 are raised in a known manner in the furnace 10. During this upward movement of the hot gases in furnace 10, the fossil fuels do so, known to the person skilled in the art emits heat to the fluid flowing through the pipes (not shown), which in a known manner forms the lining of all four walls of the furnace 10. These hot gases then exit the furnace 10 through the horizontal passage 18 of the furnace 10, which leads to its rear passage 20 for the furnace gases 10. The horizontal passage 18 and the rear passage 20 for the gases typically each contain a different heat exchange surface (not shown) to generate and superheat steam in such a way that e known to those skilled in the art. This steam is then usually fed to a turbine (not shown), which forms part of the (not shown) turbine and generator assembly, so that the steam generates the propulsion power to drive the turbine (not represented) and thus the generator (not represented), which is at the known mode is coupled to the turbine (not shown) so that the generator (not shown) generates electricity in this way.

Kar zadeva delovanje izboljšanega sistema 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, je cilj, ki naj bi bil dosežen z uporabo le-tega, ta, da zmanjšamo obseg nastajanja ΝΟ_χtako s fiksiranjem atmosferskega dušika (toplotni ΝΟ_χ) kot tudi z gorivnim dušikom (gorivni ΝΟ_χ). To je doseženo z zmanjšanjem celotnega kisika, ki je na razpolago v območju primarnega plamena. V ta namen v skladu z načinom delovanja izboljšanega sistema 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen dodatni zrak uvajamo skozi enega ali dva blizu združena oddelka na eni sami višinsko stalni legi gorilniškega območja 16 peči 10 pri vrhu vetrnika 22 in skozi enega ali več krmilnih oddelkov, razporejenih više. Blizu združena oddelka sta na skici sl. 2 vidna pri 84 in 86, medtem ko so oddelki, ki so razporejeni više, torej ločeni oddelki za dodatni zrak, na skici sl. 2 vidni pri 94, 96 in 98.With regard to the operation of the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame, the aim to be achieved by using it is to reduce the volume of formation ΝΟ _χ by both fixing atmospheric nitrogen (thermal ΝΟ _χ ) and combustible nitrogen (fuel ΝΟ _χ ). This is achieved by reducing the amount of oxygen available in the primary flame area. To this end, in accordance with the mode of operation of the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame, additional air is introduced through one or two closely coupled compartments in a single height-constant position of the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 at the top of the wind turbine 22 and through one or more control compartments, distributed more. In the skeleton of FIG. 2 is seen at 84 and 86, while the compartments that are arranged more, i.e. separate compartments for additional air, are shown in FIG. 2 visible at 94, 96, and 98.

Ena od značilnosti, ki je realizirana z izboljšanim sistemom 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen v skladu s predloženim izumom, je, da dodatni zrak uvajamo v gorilniŠko območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva delno skozi blizu združena oddelka 84, 86 za dodatni zrak in delno skozi ločene oddelke 94, 96, 98 za dodatni zrak, tako da razpolagamo z vnaprej določeno skrajno ugodno porazdelitvijo dodatnega zraka med blizu združenim dodatnim zrakom in ločenim dodatnim zrakom. Prednosti, ki jih dosežemo z uporabo te skrajno ugodne porazdelitve dodatnega zraka, so najbolje razumljive s pomočjo skice sl. 3. Pri njej gre za grafično ponazoritev učinkovanja na ΝΟ_χ z uporabo izboljšanega sistema za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen po predloženem izumu, pri čemer gre za vnaprej določeno kontingentiranje dodatnega zraka med blizu združenim dodatnim zrakom in ločenim dodatnim zrakom. Črta 108 predstavlja primerjalni potek ppm nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12. Črta 110 predstavlja potek ppm nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, in z 0% dodatnega zraka. Črta 112 predstavlja potek ppm nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo z 20% dodatnega zraka in kjer vseh 20% dodatnega zraka uvedemo v peč kot blizu združeni dodatni zrak. Črta 114 pa ponazarja potek ppm nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo z 20% dodatnega zraka in kjer vseh 20% dodatnega zraka uvedemo v peč kot ločen dodatni zrak.One of the features realized with the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame according to the present invention is that the additional air is introduced into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 partly through the closely coupled sections 84, 86 for additional air and partly through separate sections 94, 96, 98 for additional air, so that we have a predetermined, extremely favorable distribution of additional air between the near combined additional air and the separated additional air. The advantages achieved by the use of this extremely favorable distribution of additional air are best understood by reference to FIG. 3. It is a graphical illustration of the effect on ΝΟ _χ using an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame according to the present invention, which is a predetermined contingent of additional air between closely combined additional air and separate additional air. Line 108 represents the comparative course of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a furnace such as a fossil fuel furnace 10 when operated by a combustion system such as a combustion system 12. Line 110 represents the course of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a fossil fuel furnace 10 when operated with a combustion system such as combustion system 12 and with 0% additional air. Line 112 represents the flow of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a furnace, such as a fossil fuel furnace 10, when operated with 20% additional air and where all 20% of additional air is introduced into the furnace as closely combined additional air. Line 114, however, illustrates the flow of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a furnace, such as a fossil fuel furnace 10, when operated with 20% additional air and where all 20% of additional air is introduced into the furnace as separate additional air.

Mesto 116 označuje ppm-mvo ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kot je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom 12, s katerim je sodelovalno združen izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, ki je zasnovan v skladu s predloženim izumom, in z 20% dodatnega zraka in pri čemer od 20% dodatnega zraka v skladu s skrajno ugodno porazdelitvijo le-tega 9% tega dodatnega zraka uvedemo kot blizu združen dodatni zrak, 11% dodatnega zraka pa uvedemo kot ločen dodatni zrak. Očitno je sedaj, da je 1.) rezultat uporabe dodatnega zraka zmanjšanje ppm-nivojev ΝΟ_χ v primerjavi s stanjem, ko gre za 0% uporabljenega dodatnega zraka, 2.) rezultat uporabe dodatnega zraka, ko ves dodatni zrak uvedemo kot ločen dodatni zrak, večje zmanjšanje ppm-nivojev ΝΟ_χ v primeri s stanjem, ko gre za uporabo enake količine dodatnega zraka, a je ves ta dodatni zrak uveden kot blizu združen dodatni zrak, in 3.) da ustvarimo celo večje zmanjšanje ppm-nivoja ΝΟ_χ, ko gre za uporabo enake količine dodatnega zraka, a ta dodatni zrak uvedemo v peč v skladu s skrajno ugodno porazdelitvijo kot vmes med blizu združenim dodatnim zrakom in ločenim dodatnim zrakom, npr. tako, kot je predstavljeno na sl. 3, pri čemer gre, ko uvajamo 20% dodatnega zraka, za najboljšo porazdelitev le-tega tedaj, če je 9% uvedenega kot blizu združen zrak in 11% kot ločen dodatni zrak. Ugotovili smo, da se ta najbolj ugodna porazdelitev dodatnega zraka med blizu združenim dodatnim zrakom in ločenim dodatnim zrakom menja v odvisnosti od vrste premoga. Tako naprimer testi z bituminoznim premogom kažejo, da je bila najbolj ugodna porazdelitev dodatnega zraka tedaj, ko je šlo za 1/3 blizu združenega dodatnega zraka in 2/3 ločenega dodatnega zraka.Site 116 indicates a ppm-mvo ΝΟ _χ from a furnace, such as a fossil fuel furnace 10, when operated by a combustion system 12 that cooperatively combines an improved system 14 for introducing additional air into a flame designed in accordance with the present invention, and with 20% additional air, and of which 20% additional air, in accordance with the extremely favorable distribution thereof, 9% of that additional air is introduced as close-coupled additional air, and 11% additional air is introduced as separate additional air. It is obvious now that 1.) the result of the use of additional air is a decrease in ppm levels ΝΟ _χ compared to the situation when it comes to 0% of the additional air used, 2.) the result of the use of additional air when all the additional air is introduced as separate additional air , a greater reduction in ppm levels ΝΟ _χ when compared to the condition when using the same amount of additional air, but all that additional air is introduced as close-coupled additional air, and 3.) to create an even larger reduction in ppm levels ΝΟ _χ , when it comes to using the same amount of extra air, but introducing that extra air into the furnace according to an extremely favorable distribution as the interval between the closely coupled additional air and the separate additional air, e.g. as shown in FIG. 3, where 20% of the additional air is introduced, the best distribution of that is when 9% is introduced as close-coupled air and 11% as separate additional air. We find that this most favorable distribution of additional air between close-coupled supplementary air and separate supplementary air changes depending on the type of coal. For example, bituminous coal tests show that the most favorable distribution of additional air was when it was 1/3 close to the combined additional air and 2/3 separated additional air.

Druga značilnost, ki jo v skladu s tem izumom izkazuje izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen, je, da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva iz vsakega od štirih njenih kotov skozi več, npr. dva, tri ali več oddelkov, s tem da vsak oddelek uvaja del toka skupnega ločenega dodatnega zraka pod drugim kurilnim kotom, pri čemer so ti koti določeni s premikanjem šob 94, 96, 98 za ločeni dodatni zrak v navpični ravnini (nagibanje) in/ali po vodoravni ravnini (odmik od določene smeri v vodoravni ravnini), tako da dobimo porazdelitev ločenega dodatnega zraka po planem polju peči v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače. Specifičnost te porazdelitve v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače ločenega dodatnega zraka po planem polju gorilniškega območja 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva je ponazorjena v skici sl. 4. V ta namen ločeni dodatni zrak v skladu s predloženim izumom vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva iz vsakega njenega kota, pri čemer so zadevni koti v sl. 4 označeni s sklicevalnimi številkami lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd. V skladu z najboljšim načinom realizacije izuma se to vpihavanje ločenega dodatnega zraka izvaja s tremi oddelki 94,96,98 (sl. 2).Another feature of the present invention according to the improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame is that the separated additional air is blown into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 from each of its four corners through several, e.g. two, three or more compartments, each compartment introducing a portion of the flow of the total separate additional air at a different heating angle, these angles being determined by moving the nozzles 94, 96, 98 for the separate additional air in the vertical plane (tilting) and / or along a horizontal plane (deviation from a certain direction in the horizontal plane) so that the distribution of separate additional air is distributed over a planar furnace field in the form of a horizontal shower or fan. The specificity of this distribution in the form of a horizontal shower or a fan of separate additional air over the planar field of the fossil fuel furnace burner area 16 is illustrated in FIG. 4. For this purpose, the separate additional air according to the present invention is blown into the burner area 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 from each of its angles, the respective angles in FIG. 4 denoted by the reference numbers lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd. According to the best embodiment of the invention, this purge of separate additional air is carried out by three sections 94,96,98 (Fig. 2).

Čeprav na skici sl. 4 ni prikazano, se razume, da je vsak od štirih kotov lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd peči 10 opremljen z oddelki 94, 96, 98 za ločen dodatni zrak. Razen tega ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 iz vsakega njenega kota lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd skozi oddelke 94, 96, 98 za ločeni dodatni zrak, ki so razporejeni tam, vpihavamo pod drugačnim kurilnim kotom - ti so v skici sl. 4 označeni s sklicevalnimi številkami 118, 120, 122, pri čemer so zaradi lažje preglednosti iste sklicevalne številke uporabljene v zvezi z vsakim od štirih kotov lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd peči 10. Kot še lahko vidimo s sl. 4, vpihavanje v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 pod različnimi kurilnimi koti 118, 120, 122, učinkuje tako, da nastaja porazdelitev ločenega dodatnega zraka nad planim poljem peči v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače. Kot je ponazorjeno v skici sl. 4, ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 vpihavamo vsakokrat pod drugim kurilnim kotom 118, 120, 122, sledi poti, kije označena s sklicevalnimi številkami 124, 126, 128. Poti 124, 126, 128 skupaj ustvarjajo porazdelitven vzorec, ki je oblikovan kot vodoravna prha ali pahljača. Porazdelitveni vzorci za ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo iz vsakega kota lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd peči 10, se medsebojno prekrivajo v sredi gorilniškega območja 16 peči 10.Although in the sketch of FIG. 4 is not shown, it is understood that each of the four angles lOa, lOb, lOc, lO of the furnace 10 is provided with sections 94, 96, 98 for separate additional air. In addition, the separate additional air which is blown into the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 from each of its angles 10aa, 10b, 10c, lOf through the sections 94, 96, 98 for the separate additional air arranged there, is blown at a different heating angle - these are shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by reference numbers 118, 120, 122, and for ease of transparency, the same reference numbers are used with respect to each of the four angles lOa, lOb, lOc, lOd of the furnace 10. As can be seen from FIG. 4, blowing into the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 at different firing angles 118, 120, 122, has the effect of producing a distribution of separate additional air over the planar furnace field in the form of a horizontal shower or fan. As illustrated in FIG. 4, separate additional air, which is injected into the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 each time at a different heating angle 118, 120, 122, follows the paths indicated by the reference numbers 124, 126, 128. The routes 124, 126, 128 together create a distribution pattern , which is shaped like a horizontal shower or fan. The distribution patterns for the separate additional air that is drawn in from each angle lOa, lOb, lOc, lO of the furnace 10 overlap each other in the middle of the burner area 16 of the furnace 10.

Prednosti, ki so dosegljive z uporabo različnih kurilnih kotov za potrebe vpihavanja v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 ločenega dodatnega zraka iz oddelkov 94, 96, 98 za ločen dodatni zrak, so najbolje razumljive ob pomoči skice sl. 5, ki kaže učinkovanje na ΝΟ_χ, če uporabljamo izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka, ki je zgrajen po izumu, pri čemer je dodatni zrak porazdeljen v skladu s porazdelitvenim vzorcem v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače po sl. 4. Mesto 130 (sl. 5) predstavljappm-mvo ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, in pri čemer ves ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo skozi oddelke za ločeni dodatni zrak, v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 vpihavamo pri istem kurilnem kotu, v danem primeru kotu +15°, tako da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo tako, da se vrtinči skupaj z gorivom in zrakom, ki ju v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 vpihavamo skozi gorivne oddelke 38, 54, 66, 78 oziroma zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72. Mesto 132 predstavlja ppm-mvo ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, in pri čemer ves ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo skozi oddelek za ločeni dodatni zrak, v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 vpihavamo pri istem kurilnem kotu, v danem primeru kotu -15°, tako da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo tako, da se vrtinči nasprotno gorivu in zraku, ki ju v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 vpihavamo skozi gorivne oddelke 38, 54, 66, 78 oziroma zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72. Mesto 134 pa predstavlja ppm-mvo ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom 12, s katerim je sodelovalno združen izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka, ki je zasnovan po izumu, in pri čemer ves ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo skozi vsak oddelek 94, 96, 98 za ločeni dodatni zrak pod drugačnim kurilnim kotom, tako da nad planim poljem peči dobimo porazdelitev ločenega dodatnega zraka v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače, kakršna je ponazorjena na skici sl. 4. V skladu z najboljšim načinom izvedbe izuma kurilni koti, ki pridejo v poštev v ta namen za oddelke 94, 96, 98 za ločeni dodatni zrak, znašajo +15°, 0° in -15°. Iz gornjega opisa in iz vsebine skice sl. 5 naj bi potemtakem izhajalo, da je 1.) rezultat vpihavanja vsega ločenega dodatnega zraka skozi oddelke za ločeni dodatni zrak pod istim kurilnim kotom velikosti -15°, tako da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo na način proti smeri vrtinčenja goriva in zraka, ki ju vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva skozi gorivne oddelke 38, 54, 66, 78 oziroma zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72, večje zmanjšanje ppm-nivoja ΝΟ_χ v primerjavi s stanjem, ko ves ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo skozi oddelke za ločeni dodatni zrak pod istim kotom velikosti +15°, tako da ves ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo na način, da se le-ta vrtinči skupaj z gorivom in zrakom, ki ju vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva skozi gorivne oddelke 38, 54, 66, 78 oziroma zračne oddelke 24, 48, 60, 72, in 2.) rezultat vpihavanja vsega ločenega dodatnega zraka skozi oddelke 94, 96, 98 za ločeni dodatni zrak pod različnimi koti velikosti +15°, 0° in -15°, tako daje nad planim poljem peči dobljena porazdelitev ločenega dodatnega zraka v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače, kakršna je ponazorjena v skici sl. 4, večje zmanjšanje ppm-nivoja ΝΟ_χ v primerjavi s stanjem, ko ves ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo skozi oddelke za ločeni dodatni zrak pod istim kotom velikosti -15°, tako da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo na način, da se le-ta vrtinči nasprotno gorivu in zraku, ki ju vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva skozi gorivne oddelke 38, 54, 66, 78 oziroma zračne oddelke 24,48, 60, 72.The advantages that can be achieved by using different combustion angles for the purpose of blowing into the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 of the separate supplementary air of sections 94, 96, 98 for the separate supplementary air are best understood by reference to FIG. 5 showing the effect on ΝΟ _χ when using the improved additional air intake system constructed according to the invention, the additional air being distributed according to a distribution pattern in the form of a horizontal shower or fan according to FIG. 4. Site 130 (Fig. 5) is a mp-mvo ΝΟ _χ from a furnace such as a fossil fuel furnace 10 when operated by a combustion system such as a combustion system 12, with all the additional air being injected through the compartments For separate additional air, the combustion zone 16 of the furnace 10 is blown at the same heating angle, in this case the angle + 15 °, so that the separated additional air is blown so that it swirls together with the fuel and air that is burned into the burner zone 16 of the furnace 10 is injected through fuel compartments 38, 54, 66, 78 or air compartments 24, 48, 60, 72. Site 132 is a ppm-mvo ΝΟ _χ from a furnace such as a fossil fuel furnace 10 when operated by a combustion system such as a combustion system. system 12, whereby all the separate additional air which is blown through the separate additional air section is blown into the burner area 16 of the furnace 10 at the same heating angle, in the case of -15 °, so that the separated additional air is blown by swirls opposite the fuel and the grain aku, which are blown into the combustion zone 16 of furnace 10 through fuel compartments 38, 54, 66, 78 or air compartments 24, 48, 60, 72. Site 134, however, is a ppm-mvo ΝΟ _χ from a furnace such as furnace 10 to fossil fuels when operated by a combustion system 12 that cooperatively integrates an improved system 14 for introducing additional air according to the invention, whereby all separate additional air is blown through each section 94, 96, 98 for separate additional air under a different so that above the planar field of the furnace the distribution of separate additional air is obtained in the form of a horizontal shower or fan, as illustrated in FIG. 4. According to the best embodiment of the invention, the combustion angles for this purpose for sections 94, 96, 98 for separate additional air are + 15 °, 0 ° and -15 °. From the above description and from the contents of the sketch of FIG. 5 should therefore be that 1.) the result is to blow all the separate extra air through the compartments for the separate additional air at the same heating angle of -15 °, so that the separated additional air is blown in a way against the direction of the vortex of the fuel and the air that is being blown fossil fuel burner area 16 through combustion compartments 38, 54, 66, 78 or air compartments 24, 48, 60, 72, a greater reduction in ppm-level ΝΟ _χ compared to the state when all separated additional air is blown through compartments for separate additional air at the same angle of magnitude + 15 °, so that all separated additional air is blown in such a way that it swirls together with the fuel and the air which is blown into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 through the fuel compartments 38 , 54, 66, 78, respectively, air sections 24, 48, 60, 72, and 2.) the result of blowing all the separate additional air through sections 94, 96, 98 for separate additional air at different angles of size + 15 °, 0 ° and - 15 °, so that at d the planar furnace fields obtain the distribution of separate additional air in the form of a horizontal shower or fan, as illustrated in FIG. 4, a larger decrease in the ppm level ΝΟ _χ compared to the state when all the separate additional air is blown through the compartments for separate additional air at the same angle of magnitude -15 °, so that the separate additional air is blown in such a way that it swirls opposite fuel and air which are blown into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 16 through fuel compartments 38, 54, 66, 78 or air compartments 24,48, 60, 72.

Tretja značilnost, ki je dobljena z realizacijo izboljšanega sistema 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen po izumu, je, da ločeni dodatni zrak vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva pri hitrostih, ki so znatno večje od tistih, ki smo se jih posluževali doslej v sistemih iz stanja tehnike, denimo 200 do 300 ft/s v primerjavi s 100 do 150 ft/s (1 ft = 0,30479 m). Prednosti, ki so izkazane z vpihavanjem ločenega dodatnega zraka pri tako povečanih hitrostih, so nazorno razvidne s skice sl. 6, kjer gre za ponazoritev učinkovanja na ΝΟ_χ z uporabo izboljšanega sistema uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen po predloženem izumu, pri čemer dodatni zrak vpihavamo v peč z velikimi hitrostmi. Črta 136 predstavlja potek ppm-nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom, kakršen je kurilni sistem 12, in pri čemer dodatni zrak vpihavamo pri majhnih hitrostih, torej pri hitrostih, kakršne smo doslej uporabljali v kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike. Črta 138 pa predstavlja potek ppm-nivojev ΝΟ_χ iz peči, kakršna je peč 10 na fosilna goriva, ko obratujemo s kurilnim sistemom 12, s katerim je sodelovalno združen izboljšani sistem 14 za uvajanje dodatnega zraka, ki je zgrajen v skladu s predloženim izumom, in pri čemer ločeni dodatni zrak, ki ga vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva skozi ločene oddelke 94,96,98 za ločeni dodatni zrak, vpihavamo pri hitrostih, ki so bistveno večje od tistih, kakršne smo doslej uporabljali v kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike, npr. 200 do 300 ft/s v primerjavi s 100 do 150 ft/s. Na dlani je, da je rezultat vpihavanja vsega ločenega dodatnega zraka skozi oddelke 94, 96, 98 za dodatni zrak v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva pri hitrostih, ki so bistveno večje od onih, kakršne smo uporabljali doslej v kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike, večje zmanjšanje ppra-nivojev ΝΟ_χ v primerjavi s stanjem, ko ves dodatni zrak vpihavamo v gorilniško območje 16 peči 10 na fosilna goriva pri nizkih hitrostih, t.j. pri hitrostih, kakršne so se običajno uporabljale doslej v kurilnih sistemih iz stanja tehnike.A third feature obtained by the implementation of an improved system 14 for introducing additional air into the flame according to the invention is that the separated additional air is blown into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 at speeds substantially higher than those which we have served so far in prior art systems, such as 200 to 300 ft / s compared to 100 to 150 ft / s (1 ft = 0.30479 m). The advantages shown by blowing separate air at such increased speeds are clearly illustrated in FIG. 6, which illustrates the effect on ΝΟ _χ using an improved system of introducing additional air into the flame of the present invention, whereby additional air is blown into the furnace at high speeds. Line 136 represents the flow of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a furnace such as a fossil fuel furnace 10 when operating with a combustion system such as a combustion system 12, whereby additional air is blown at low speeds, ie at the speeds used so far in prior art combustion systems. Line 138, however, represents the flow of ppm levels ΝΟ _χ from a furnace, such as a fossil fuel furnace 10, when operated with a combustion system 12, which cooperatively integrates an improved supplementary air intake system 14 constructed in accordance with the present invention, and whereby the separated additional air which is blown into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 through separate compartments 94,96,98 for separate additional air is blown at speeds substantially higher than previously used in combustion systems from the prior art, e.g. 200 to 300 ft / s compared to 100 to 150 ft / s. In the palm of your hand, the result is that all separate additional air is blown through sections 94, 96, 98 for additional air into the combustion zone 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 at speeds substantially higher than those previously used in the combustion systems of the state techniques, a greater reduction in ppra levels ΝΟ _χ compared to the state when all the additional air is blown into the burner area 16 of the fossil fuel furnace 10 at low speeds, ie at the speeds previously used in prior art combustion systems.

Tako gre v skladu s predloženim izumom za nov in izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kot se uporablja pri pečeh na fosilna goriva. Pri predloženem izumu gre tudi za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kot se uporablja pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva. Nadalje gre pri predloženem izumu za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kot se uporablja pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, tako da se z uporabo le-tega emisije ΝΟ_χ lahko zmanjšajo na nivoje, ki so, če že niso boljši, vsaj ekvivalentni tistim, ki se jih v zakonodaji, kije trenutno predlagana v ZDA, jemlje za standardne. V skladu s pričujočim izumom gre tudi za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršen se uporablja pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, ki je značilen po tem, da izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen vključuje uporabo večnivojskosti oddelkov za dodatni zrak, ki sestoje iz blizu združenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak in ločenih oddelkov za dodatni zrak. V skladu s predloženim izumom je nadalje predviden izboljšan sistem za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, kije zasnovan za uporabo pri kurilnih sistemih take vrste, kot se uporabljajo pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da gre za skrajno ugodno vnaprej določeno porazdelitev dodatnega zraka med blizu združenimi oddelki za dodatni zrak in ločenimi oddelki za dodatni zrak. Razen tega gre pri predloženem izumu za izboljšan sistem za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršni se uporabljajo pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen vključuje uporabo mnogokotnega vpihovalnega vzorca. Razen tega gre pri predloženem izumu za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, kije zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, ki je vključen v tangencialno polnjeno peč na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da v skladu z mnogokotnim vpihovalnim vzorcem le24 tega del skupnega toka dodatnega zraka uvajamo pod drugačnimi koti, tako da dobimo porazdelitev dodatnega zraka po planem polju peči v obliki vodoravne prhe ali pahljače. V skladu s pričujočim izumom je nadalje predlagan izboljšan sistem za uvajanje dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v krmilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršen pride v poštev za tangencialno polnjene peči na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen vsebuje vpihavanje dodatnega zraka v peč pri hitrostih, ki so znatno večje od onih, ki smo jih doslej uporabljali v sistemih iz stanja tehnike. Dodatno gre pri pričujočem izumu za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršne uporabljamo pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, tako da z uporabo le-teh za njihovo delovanje niso potrebni nobeni stroški dodatkov, katalizatorjev ali dodanega startnega goriva. Kot predzadnje gre pri predloženem izumu za izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, za kakršnega gre pri tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da je izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen v celoti združljiv z drugimi sistemi, namenjenimi zmanjševanju emisij, kot so sistemi za vpihavanje apnenca, sistemi za ponovno zgorevanje in sistemi za selektivno katalitično reduciranje (SKR), ki jih je moč uporabiti za dosego dodatnega zmanjšanja emisij. Slednjič je v skladu s pričujočim izumom predlagan izboljšan sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen za uravnavanje ΝΟ_χ, ki je zasnovan za uporabo v kurilnem sistemu take vrste, kakršen se uporablja v tangencialno polnjenih pečeh na fosilna goriva, in ki je značilen po tem, da je izboljšani sistem uvajanja dodatnega zraka v plamen enako dobro primeren za uporabo bodisi pri novih postavitvah ali pri napravah, ki že obstajajo.Thus, in accordance with the present invention, it is a new and improved system for introducing additional air into the amen _χ control flame, which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in fossil fuel stoves. The present invention also provides an improved system for introducing additional air into the ΝΟ _χ control flame, which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces. The present invention further provides an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame for regulating ΝΟ _χ for use in a combustion system of the type used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, so that the emission of ΝΟ _χ can be reduced to levels that, if not better, are at least equivalent to those considered standard in the legislation currently proposed in the US. According to the present invention there is also an improved system for introducing additional air into the control flame ΝΟ _χ , which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that the improved the system for introducing additional air into the flame involves the use of multi-level supplementary air compartments consisting of close-coupled supplementary air compartments and separate supplementary air compartments. According to the present invention there is further provided an improved system for introducing additional air into the uravn _χ control flame, designed for use in combustion systems of the type used in tangentially filled fossil fuel stoves, characterized in that it is an extremely favorable predetermined distribution of additional air between closely joined additional air divisions and separate additional air divisions. In addition, the present invention is an improved system for introducing additional air into the control flame ΝΟ _χ , designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame involves the use of a polygonal blowing pattern. In addition, the present invention is an improved system for introducing additional air into the control flame ΝΟ _χ , which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind included in a tangentially filled fossil fuel furnace, characterized in that with a polygonal blowing pattern of only 24, this part of the total flow of additional air is introduced at different angles, so that the distribution of additional air is distributed over the planar field of the furnace in the form of a horizontal shower or fan. In accordance with the present invention, it is further proposed an improved system for introducing additional air into the amen _χ control flame, which is designed for use in a control system of the kind applicable to tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that , that the improved system for introducing additional air into the flame contains the injection of additional air into the furnace at speeds substantially higher than those previously used in prior art systems. The present invention further provides an improved system for introducing additional air into the control flame ΝΟ _χ , which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, so that they are not used for their operation. no cost of additives, catalysts or added starting fuel required. Last but not least, the present invention provides an improved system for introducing additional air into the control flame ΝΟ _χ , which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame fully compatible with other emission reduction systems, such as limestone blowing systems, re-combustion systems and selective catalytic reduction (SKR) systems, which can be used to achieve additional emission reductions. Lastly, in accordance with the present invention, an improved system of introducing additional air into the ΝΟ _χ control flame is proposed, which is designed for use in a combustion system of the kind used in tangentially filled fossil fuel furnaces, characterized in that the improved system of introducing additional air into the flame is equally well suited for use with either new installations or existing installations.

S tem, ko sem predstavil več izvedb svojega izuma, se razume, da strokovnjaki z zadevnega področja lahko, še zlasti, ker sem na nekatere modifikacije v zgornjem opisu namigoval, predvidijo nadaljnje modifikacije. Iz tega razloga je moj namen, da s sledečimi patentnimi zahtevki zaobsežem modifikacije, na katere sem namigoval v opisu, kot tudi vse druge modifikacije, ki spadajo v okvir bistva duha in obsega mojega izuma.By presenting several embodiments of my invention, it is understood that those skilled in the art may, in particular, as I have hinted at some of the modifications in the above description, anticipate further modifications. For this reason, it is my intention to encompass with the following claims the modifications to which I have referred in the description, as well as any other modifications which fall within the essence of the spirit and scope of my invention.

Claims

PATENT APPLICATIONS

1. Improved system for introducing additional air into the flame of a fossil fuel furnace having several walls forming a combustion zone within it, characterized in that it comprises:

a. more near the combined additional air compartments installed at the first height within the fossil fuel burner burner area;

b. a close-coupled auxiliary air nozzle mounted pre-assembled in each of the aforementioned united auxiliary air compartments;

c. several separate auxiliary compartments mounted in the fossil fuel burner zone at a different height thereof, so that they are spaced from said adjacent compartments for supplementary air and substantially aligned with said closely coupled compartments for supplementary air;

h. a separate auxiliary nozzle mounted pre-assembled in each of said separate auxiliary air compartments; and

d. an air supply means coupled to each of said adjacent additional air nozzles and each of said separate additional air nozzles, said air supply means acting in the sense of supplying additional air to said near combined air nozzles as well as the aforementioned separate nozzles for additional air in accordance with a predetermined extreme favorable distribution of additional air between them and through the fossil fuel furnace through them.

The improved system of claim 1, characterized in that said separate nozzles for additional air flow at different heating angles so that the additional air flowing from them forms a distribution in the form of a horizontal shower or fan of additional air above the planar furnace field at fossil fuels.

An improved system according to claim 2, characterized in that said air supply means is further operable in terms of supplying additional air to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace through said separate nozzles for additional air at speeds substantially greater than the speed for the kind that has gone so far in blowing extra air into the furnace.

4. An improved system for introducing additional air into the flame of a fossil fuel furnace having several walls defining a combustion zone therein, characterized in that it comprises:

h. a separate nozzle for additional air mounted in each of said separate compartments for additional air, said separate nozzles for additional air extending at different angles; and

d. an air supply means coupled to each of said adjacent additional air nozzles and each of said separate additional air nozzles, said air supply means acting in the sense of supplying additional air to said near combined air nozzles as well as said separate nozzles for additional air and through them into the fossil fuel furnace burner area such that the additional air flowing out of said separate supplementary air nozzles forms the distribution of additional air in the form of a horizontal shower or fan over the planar furnace burner field .

5. Improved system according to claim 4, characterized in that said air supply means that it supplies additional air to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace through said separate nozzles for additional air at speeds substantially greater than those of s. which has so far injected extra air into the furnace.

6. An improved system for introducing additional air into the fossil fuel furnace flame having several walls defining a combustion zone therein, characterized in that it comprises:

d. an air supply means coupled to each of said adjacent additional air nozzles and each of said separate additional air nozzles, said air supply means acting in the sense of supplying additional air to said near combined air nozzles as well as said separate nozzles for additional air and through them into the burner area of the fossil fuel furnace, so that the additional air enters the burner zone of the fossil fuel furnace through said separate nozzles for additional air at rates substantially above those for which it is so far, the air has been blown into the furnace.

An improved system according to claim 6, characterized in that said air supply means further operates by supplying additional air to both said near-joined additional air nozzles and to said separate additional air nozzles in accordance with a predetermined extreme favorable distribution of additional air between them.

8. Operation procedure for regulating ΝΟ _χ in a fossil fuel furnace, comprising several walls forming a combustion zone of an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame, having more near the combined nozzles for additional air and several separate nozzles for additional air characterized in that it comprises feeding steps according to a predetermined most favorable distribution between them near the combined additional air into several near combined air nozzles and through them to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace and separated additional air into several separate nozzles for additional air. air and through it into the fossil fuel burner burner area.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of directing separate additional air through several separate nozzles for additional air at different angles so that the separate additional air emanating from multiple exits of the separate additional air forms the distribution of additional air in the form of a horizontal shower or fan over the planar field of the furnace burner area.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of delivering separate additional air through several separate nozzles for additional air to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace at speeds substantially above the rates previously used to supply additional air. air into the furnace.

11. Operation procedure for regulating ΝΟ _χ in a fossil fuel furnace comprising several walls forming a combustion zone in an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame, having more near combined nozzles for additional air and several separate nozzles for additional air , characterized in that it comprises the steps of supplying, in the vicinity of the combined supplementary air, into and from several combining nozzles for the additional air into the combustion zone of the furnace, and of supplying separate additional air to several separate nozzles for the additional air and through them at relatively different combustion angles in the burner. the furnace area so that the separate additional air flowing from the multiple nozzles for the separate additional air establishes the distribution of additional air over the planar field of the furnace burner zone in the form of a horizontal shower or fan.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of delivering separate additional air through several separate nozzles for additional air to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace at speeds substantially higher than those previously used to supply additional air. into the furnace.

13. Operation procedure for regulating ΝΟ _χ in a fossil fuel furnace comprising several walls forming a combustion zone in an improved system for introducing additional air into the flame, having more near the combined nozzles for additional air and several separate nozzles for additional air characterized in that it comprises the steps of supplying, in and out of the combined supplementary air, to the multiple combustion air nozzles and through them to the furnace burner area, and delivering separate additional air to the multiple auxiliary air nozzles and through the furnace burner area, so as to separate Supply air is supplied through several separate nozzles for additional air at speeds well above the speeds previously used to supply air to the furnace.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of delivering separate additional air through several separate nozzles for additional air to the combustion zone of the fossil fuel furnace at relatively different combustion angles such that separate additional air flowing from several nozzles for separate additional air, establishes the distribution of additional air over the planar field of the burner area of the furnace in the form of a horizontal shower or fan.