SI26426A - A method and a device for production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravitational heat pipe - Google Patents
A method and a device for production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravitational heat pipe Download PDFInfo
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- SI26426A SI26426A SI202200222A SI202200222A SI26426A SI 26426 A SI26426 A SI 26426A SI 202200222 A SI202200222 A SI 202200222A SI 202200222 A SI202200222 A SI 202200222A SI 26426 A SI26426 A SI 26426A
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- geothermal
- heat pipe
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/16—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/10—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure
- F01K7/12—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure of condensing type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Metoda in naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo (1) po izumu predstavlja izrabo termične energije podzemnih kamenin za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije. Geotermična energija podzemnih slojev kamenin se izkorišča s pomočjo geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi (1) tako, da se v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev (1) dovaja kapljevina delovnega fluida, katera se v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi (1) zaradigeotermičnega potenciala podzemnih kamenin upari, pare delovnega fluida pa se vodijo na površino. Na površini se pare delovnega fluida, po prvi izvedbi izuma metode in naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo (1), izkoriščajo za soproizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije. Pri drugi izvedbi izuma, metode in naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo (1), se pare delovnega fluida, ki sedovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske cevi (1) na površino, izkoriščajo samo za proizvodnjo električne energije. Pri tretji izvedbi, izuma metode naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo (1), se pare delovnega fluida, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske cevi (1) na površino, izkoriščajo predvsem za proizvodnjo toplote in v manjši meri tudi za proizvodnjo električne energije s fazno spremenljivo turbino (20).According to the invention, the method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe (1) represents the use of the thermal energy of underground rocks for the production of heat and/or electricity. The geothermal energy of the underground layers of rocks is utilized with the help of a geothermal gravity heat pipe (1) by feeding a liquid working fluid into the geothermal gravity heat pipe (1), which vaporizes in the geothermal gravity heat pipe (1) due to the geothermal potential of the underground rocks. of the working fluid are led to the surface. On the surface, the vapors of the working fluid, according to the first embodiment of the invention of the method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe (1), are used for the co-production of heat and/or electricity. In another embodiment of the invention, method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe (1), the vapors of the working fluid coming from the geothermal gravity pipe (1) to the surface are used only for the production of electricity. In the third embodiment, the invention of the method of the device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe (1), the vapors of the working fluid, which are supplied from the geothermal gravity pipe (1) to the surface, are used mainly for the production of heat and to a lesser extent it is also suitable for the production of electricity with a variable phase turbine (20).
Description
METODA IN NAPRAVA ZA PROIZVODNJO TOPLOTE IN/ALI ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE Z GEOTERMIČNO GRAVITACIJSKO TOPLOTNO CEVJOMETHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND/OR ELECTRICITY WITH A GEOTHERMAL GRAVITY HEAT PIPE
Področje tehnikeThe field of technology
Izum spada na področje naprav in postopkov za izkoriščanje geotermične energije zemlje. Predmet izuma je metoda in naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, s katero se izkorišča geotermični potencial zemlje.The invention belongs to the field of devices and procedures for exploiting geothermal energy of the earth. The subject of the invention is a method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, which utilizes the geothermal potential of the earth.
Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem
Proizvodnja toplote in/ali električne energije z izrabo geotermične energije je v praksi lahko zelo otežena zaradi premalega temperaturnega gradienta ali pretoka geotermalne vode, prisotnost plinov in razstopljenih snovi v geotermalni vodi, premale poroznosti geoloških plasti, stroškov izvedbe reinjektirne vrtine itd. Zaradi navedenih problemov je izkoriščanje geotermičnega potenciala bolj prikladno direktno z izkoriščanjem geotermične toplote zemlje z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo. Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje izum, je torej zasnova metode in naprave, ki bo omogočala proizvodnjo toplote ogrevalnega sistema in/ali proizvodnjo električne energije z izrabo geotermične energije proizvedene z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo.In practice, the production of heat and/or electricity using geothermal energy can be very difficult due to insufficient temperature gradient or flow of geothermal water, the presence of gases and dissolved substances in geothermal water, insufficient porosity of geological layers, the costs of implementing a reinjection well, etc. Due to the mentioned problems, it is more convenient to exploit the geothermal potential directly by exploiting the geothermal heat of the earth with a geothermal gravity heat pipe. The technical problem solved by the invention is therefore the design of a method and a device that will enable the production of heat of the heating system and/or the production of electricity by using geothermal energy produced by a geothermal gravity heat pipe.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
Mednarodni register intelektualne lastnine obsega nekaj podobnih rešitev, pri čemer se nobeden ne nanaša na izkoriščanje nasičenih par delovnega fluida proizvedene z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo. Patent SI23618A opisuje izvedbo geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, ne opisuje pa principa proizvodnje toplote ali električne energije. Patent US6895740B2 opisuje proizvodnjo električne energije z amonijakom kot delovni fluid, ki se upa rja v kotlu, pregrete pare amonijaka pa se vodijo na turbino. Opisan postopek se razlikuje od predstavljenega izuma v tem, da se v kotlu proizvajajo pregrete pare amonijaka, katere se vodijo v aksialno turbino. Patentna prijava US3436912A opisuje proizvodnjo električne energije z dovodom pregrete pare amonijaka v niz zaporedno vezanih aksialnih turbin, kar se bistveno razlikuje od predstavljenega izuma. Patentna prijava US20040139747A1 opisuje kombiniran cikel plinske turbine in parne turbine z amonijakom kot delovni fluid, kateri se bistveno razlikuje od predstavljenega izuma. Patent US9540958B2 opisuje ORC cikel z enostopenjsko parno turbino z radialnim iztokom, kjer za za proizvodnjo par delovnega fluida, ki se vodi v turbino, uporablja uparjalnik, po kondenzaciji delovnega fluida v kondenzatorju, pa se kondenzat vrača v uparjalnik s črpalko, kar pa se bistveno razlikuje od predstavljenega izuma.The International Intellectual Property Register contains several similar solutions, none of which relate to the exploitation of saturated working fluid vapor produced by a geothermal gravity heat pipe. Patent SI23618A describes the implementation of a geothermal gravity heat pipe, but does not describe the principle of heat or electricity generation. Patent US6895740B2 describes the generation of electricity with ammonia as the working fluid vaporizing in a boiler, the superheated ammonia vapors being fed to a turbine. The described process differs from the presented invention in that superheated ammonia vapors are produced in the boiler, which are led to the axial turbine. Patent application US3436912A describes the production of electricity by feeding superheated ammonia steam to a series of series-connected axial turbines, which differs significantly from the present invention. Patent application US20040139747A1 describes a combined gas turbine and steam turbine cycle with ammonia as the working fluid, which differs significantly from the present invention. Patent US9540958B2 describes an ORC cycle with a single-stage steam turbine with a radial outlet, where an evaporator is used to produce vapors of the working fluid that is fed into the turbine, and after the condensation of the working fluid in the condenser, the condensate is returned to the evaporator by a pump, which is essentially differs from the presented invention.
Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem
Z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo se izkorišča geotermični temperaturni potencial globin zemlje tako, da se v vrtino vodi kapljevina delovnega fluida, ki se zaradi toplote zemlje v vrtini upari, na površino pa se vodijo pare delovnega fluida.With a geothermal gravity heat pipe, the geothermal temperature potential of the depths of the earth is utilized by leading a drop of the working fluid into the well, which evaporates due to the heat of the earth in the well, and vapors of the working fluid are led to the surface.
Za proizvodnjo toplote se nasičene pare delovnega fluida, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino vodijo v kondenzator, kjer se kondenzirajo in segrevajo vodo ogrevalnega sistema porabnika toplote, kondenzat pa se nato preko regulacijskega ventila vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev.To produce heat, the saturated vapors of the working fluid, which are supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, are led to the condenser, where they condense and heat the water of the heat consumer's heating system, and the condensate is then returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the control valve.
V primeru, kadar želimo proizvajati električno energijo se nasičene pare delovnega fluida vodijo v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom, ki poganja električni generator, iz turbine izstopajoče pare delovnega fluida pa se vodijo v kondenzator, kjer se z uporabo zunanjega hladilnega sistema kondenzirajo.In the case when we want to produce electricity, the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led to a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet, which drives the electric generator, and the vapors of the working fluid exiting the turbine are led to the condenser, where they are condensed using an external cooling system.
V primeru soproizvodnje toplote in/ali električne energije se pare delovnega fluida, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, vodijo v kondenzator, kjer se del par delovnega fluida kondenzira za proizvodnjo toplote, preostali del par delovnega fluida pa se po separaciji vodi v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom, nato pa v kondenzator, kjer kondenzirajo z uporabo zunanjega hladilnega sistema. Kondenzat, katerega dobimo s separacijo mešanice par in kondenzata delovnega fluida v separatorju, se dovaja v fazno spremenljivo turbino, kjer se deloma upari, pri tem nastala mešanica par in kondenzata pa se nato vodi v kondenzator z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja. V kondenzatorju z zunanjim hlajenjem se nastali kondezat delovnega fluida vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev na podlagi gravitacije.In the case of co-generation of heat and/or electricity, the vapors of the working fluid supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe are led to a condenser, where a part of the vapors of the working fluid is condensed to produce heat, and the remaining part of the vapors of the working fluid, after separation, is led to a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet, and then into a condenser, where they condense using an external cooling system. Condensate, which is obtained by separating the mixture of steam and condensate of the working fluid in the separator, is fed to the phase variable turbine, where it is partially evaporated, and the resulting mixture of steam and condensate is then led to a condenser with an external cooling system. In an externally cooled condenser, the resulting condensate of the working fluid is returned back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe by gravity.
Izum omogoča učinkovito rabo obnovljivih virov geotermične energije in zmanjšanje obremenjevanja okolja.The invention enables the efficient use of renewable sources of geothermal energy and the reduction of the burden on the environment.
Metoda po izumu izrablja termično energijo podzemnih kamenin tako, da se v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev dovaja kapljevina delovnega fluida, katera se v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi zaradi geotermičnega potenciala kamenin upari, pare delovnega fluida se nato vodijo na površino, kjer se proizvaja toplota in/ali električna energija. Ustrezen delovni fluid se izbere glede na geotermični potencial kamenin in globine vrtine. Pri vrtinah z manjšim geotermičnim potencialom je najprimerneši delovni fluid amonijak, pri zelo globokih vrtinah, z večjim geotermičnim potencialom, pa se lahko uporabi kot delovni fluid voda.According to the invention, the method utilizes the thermal energy of the underground rocks by feeding a droplet of the working fluid into the geothermal gravity heat pipe, which vaporizes in the geothermal gravity heat pipe due to the geothermal potential of the rocks, the vapors of the working fluid are then led to the surface, where heat is produced and/ or electricity. The appropriate working fluid is selected according to the geothermal potential of the rocks and the depth of the well. For wells with a lower geothermal potential, ammonia is the most suitable working fluid, but for very deep wells with a higher geothermal potential, water can be used as the working fluid.
Metoda po prvem izvedbenem primeru omogoča proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije, pri čemer se nasičene pare delovnega fluida, ki se iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi dovajajo na površino vodijo v kondenzator, kjer v celoti ali delno kondenzirajo za proizvodnjo toplote porabnika. Mešanica nasičenih par in/ali kapljevine delovnega fluda se nato iz kondenzatorja vodi v separator, kjer se pare ločijo od kapljevine. Kapljevina se iz separatorja dovaja v fazno spremenljivo turbino (VPT) v kateri se kapljevina delovnega fluida pri oddaji energije, za proizvodnjo električne energije, delno upari. Mešanica par in kapljevine, ki zapuščata fazno spremenljivo turbino se vodi v kondenzator, kjer se pare delovnega fluida ohladijo in kondezirajo. Hladilni medij se za delovanje kondenzatorja dovaja iz zunanjega hladilnega sistema. Ohlajen kondenzat, ki zapušča kondenzator, se nato preko redukcijskega ventila vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za uravnavanje tlaka v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi je v sistem dodan še rezervoar z delovnim fluidom, v katerega se v primeru previsokega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, dovaja kondenzat oziroma kapljevina delovnega fluida iz kondenzatorja z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, v primeru prenizkega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, pa se iz rezervoarja dovaja dodatna količina kapljevine delovnega fluida v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. V primeru, da se v kondenzatorju za proizvodnjo toplote kondenzira samo del nasičenih par delovnega fluida, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, se nasičene pare delovnega fluida ločijo od kapljevine v separatorju, nato pa se nasičene pare delovnega fluida vodijo preko reducirnega ventila in separatorja, ki uporablja za izločanje morebitno prisotne kapljevine v parah delovnega fluida, v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom, v kateri se pare pri odadaji energije za proizvodnjo električne energije delno kondenzirajo. Mešanica par in kapljevine delovnega fluida se iz enostopenjske turbine z radialnim iztokom dovaja v kondenzator z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, kjer se kondenzirajo, nato pa se preko redukcijskega ventila vračajo nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za vzpostavitev stacionarnega stanja obratovanja geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi se ob zagonu uporablja cevna povezava med cevovodom po kateri se dovajajo nasičene pare iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi v kondenzator z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, v katerem nasičene pare delovnega fluida kondenzirajo, nastala kapljevina delovnega fluida pa se nato preko redukcijskega ventila vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. V tem primeru so zaprti ventil za dovod pare v kondenzator za proizvodnjo toplote in ventili na vstopni in izstopni strani obeh turbin. Za odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja, rezervoarja delovnega fluida in geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, se uporablja cevni sistem, po katerem se po potrebi zbrani nekondezirajoči plini odvajajo iz sistema.The method according to the first embodiment enables the production of heat and/or electricity, whereby the saturated vapors of the working fluid, which are supplied to the surface from the geothermal gravity heat pipe, are led to the condenser, where they are fully or partially condensed for the production of consumer heat. The mixture of saturated vapors and/or droplets of the working fluid is then led from the condenser to the separator, where the vapors are separated from the liquid. The liquid from the separator is supplied to the variable phase turbine (VPT) in which the working fluid liquid is partially vaporized during the release of energy for the production of electricity. The mixture of vapor and liquid leaving the phase variable turbine is led to the condenser, where the vapors of the working fluid are cooled and condensed. The cooling medium for the operation of the condenser is supplied from the external cooling system. The cooled condensate leaving the condenser is then returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the reduction valve. In order to regulate the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe, a tank with a working fluid is added to the system, into which, in case of too high pressure, the steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, the condensate or a drop of the working fluid from the condenser with an external cooling system is supplied , and in the case of too low pressure of the steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, an additional amount of liquid working fluid is supplied from the tank to the geothermal gravity heat pipe. In the event that only part of the saturated vapors of the working fluid supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe are condensed in the heat production condenser, the saturated vapors of the working fluid are separated from the liquid in the separator, and then the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led through the reducing valve and of a separator, which is used to extract any liquid that may be present in the vapors of the working fluid, in a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet, in which the vapors are partially condensed during the transmission of energy for the production of electricity. The mixture of vapors and droplets of the working fluid is fed from a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet to a condenser with an external cooling system, where it condenses, and then returns to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via a reduction valve. To establish a stationary state of operation of the geothermal gravity heat pipe at start-up, a pipe connection between the pipeline is used, through which the saturated vapors from the geothermal gravity heat pipe are supplied to the condenser with an external cooling system, in which the saturated vapors of the working fluid condense, and the resulting droplet of the working fluid is then it returns to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the reduction valve. In this case, the steam supply valve to the heat generating condenser and the valves on the inlet and outlet sides of both turbines are closed. A piping system is used to remove non-condensable gases from the condenser, working fluid tank and geothermal gravity heat pipe, through which the collected non-condensable gases are discharged from the system if necessary.
Metoda po drugem izvedbenem primeru za proizvodnjo električne energije poteka tako, da se nasičene pare delovnega fluida, ki se iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi dovajajo na površino,vodijo preko redukcijskega ventila v separator, kjer se iz nasičenih par izloči morebitna prisotna kapljevina in nato v enostopensko turbino z radialnim iztokom. Mešanica par in kapljevine, ki zapuščata enostopejsko turbino z radialnim iztokom se vodi v kondenzator, kjer se pare delovnega fluida kondezirajo. Hladilni medij se za delovanje kondenzatorja dovaja iz zunanjega hladilnega sistema. Ohlajen kondenzat, ki zapušča kondenzator, se nato preko redukcijskega ventila vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za uravnavanje tlaka v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi je v sistem dodan še rezervoar z delovnim fluidom, v katerega se v primeru previsokega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, dovaja kondenzat oziroma kapljevina delovnega fluida iz kondenzatorja z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, v primeru prenizkega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, pa se iz rezervoarja dovaja dodatna količina kapljevine delovnega fluida v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za vzpostavitev stacionarnega stanja obratovanja geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi se ob zagonu uporablja cevna povezava med cevovodom, po kateri se dovajajo nasičene pare iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi v kondenzator z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, od koder se preko redukcijskega ventila kapljevina delovnega fluida vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. V tem primeru je zaprt ventil na vstopni in izstopni strani enostopenjske turbine z radialnim iztokom. Za odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja, rezervoarja delovnega fluida in geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, se uporablja cevni sistem, po katerem se po potrebi zbrani nekondezirajoči plini odvajajo iz sistema.The method according to the second implementation example for the production of electricity proceeds in such a way that the saturated vapors of the working fluid, which are supplied to the surface from the geothermal gravity heat pipe, are led via a reduction valve to the separator, where any liquid present is separated from the saturated vapors and then into a single-stage radial outlet turbine. The mixture of vapor and liquid leaving the single-stage turbine with a radial outlet is led to the condenser, where the vapors of the working fluid are condensed. The cooling medium for the operation of the condenser is supplied from the external cooling system. The cooled condensate leaving the condenser is then returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the reduction valve. In order to regulate the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe, a tank with a working fluid is added to the system, into which, in the event of too high pressure, steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, condensate or liquid working fluid from a condenser with an external cooling system is supplied , and in the case of too low pressure of the steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, an additional amount of liquid working fluid is supplied from the tank to the geothermal gravity heat pipe. To establish a stationary state of operation of the geothermal gravity heat pipe at start-up, a pipe connection between the pipeline is used, through which saturated vapors from the geothermal gravity heat pipe are supplied to the condenser with an external cooling system, from where the liquid of the working fluid is returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via a reduction valve. heat pipe. In this case, the valve is closed on the inlet and outlet sides of a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet. A pipe system is used to remove non-condensable gases from the condenser, working fluid reservoir and geothermal gravity heat pipe, through which the collected non-condensable gases are discharged from the system if necessary.
Metoda po tretjem izvedbenem primeru omogoča proizvodnjo toplote. Pare delovnega fluida, ki se iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi dovajajo na površino, so nasičene pare, katere se v tretji izvedbi po izumu vodijo v kondenzator, kjer se s kondenzacijo par delovnega fluida segreva voda ali mešanica vode in glikola za potrebe porabnika toplote. Kondenzat ohlajen na kritično temperaturo, ki zapušča kondenzator, se nato preko fazno spremenljive turbine, v kateri se zaradi padca tlaka dovajani kondenzat delno upari, vodi v kondenzator z zunanjim hladilnim sistemom, v katerem se še preostale pare delovnega fluida kondenzirajo, nastali kondenzat pa se preko redukcijskega ventila vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za uravnavanje tlaka v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi je v sistem dodan še rezervoar z delovnim fluidom, v katerega se v primeru previsokega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske cevi na površino, dovaja kondenzat oziroma kapljevina delovnega fluida iz kondenzatorja z zunanjim sistemom hlajenja, v primeru prenizkega tlaka par, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, pa se iz rezervoarja dovaja dodatna količina kapljevine delovnega fluida v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Za odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja, rezervoarja delovnega fluida in geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi, se uporablja cevni sistem, po katerem se po potrebi zbrani nekondezirajoči plini odvajajo iz sistema.The method according to the third embodiment enables the production of heat. The vapors of the working fluid, which are supplied to the surface from the geothermal gravity heat pipe, are saturated vapors, which in the third embodiment according to the invention are led to the condenser, where the condensation of the vapors of the working fluid heats up water or a mixture of water and glycol for the needs of the heat user. The condensate, cooled to the critical temperature that leaves the condenser, is then led via a phase-changing turbine, in which the supplied condensate is partially vaporized due to the pressure drop, into a condenser with an external cooling system, in which the remaining vapors of the working fluid are condensed, and the resulting condensate is it returns to the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the reduction valve. In order to regulate the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe, a tank with a working fluid is added to the system, into which, in case of too high pressure, steam supplied from the geothermal gravity pipe to the surface, condensate or liquid working fluid from a condenser with an external cooling system is supplied. in the case of too low pressure of the steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, an additional amount of liquid working fluid is supplied from the tank to the geothermal gravity heat pipe. A piping system is used to remove non-condensable gases from the condenser, working fluid tank and geothermal gravity heat pipe, through which the collected non-condensable gases are discharged from the system if necessary.
Izum bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo izvedbenih primerov in slik, ki prikazujejo:In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with the help of examples and pictures showing:
Slika 1 procesno shemo naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo po prvem izvedbenem primeruFigure 1 process diagram of a device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe according to the first implementation example
Slika 2 procesno shemo naprave za proizvodnjo električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo po drugem izvedbenem primeruFigure 2 process diagram of a device for the production of electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe according to another embodiment
Slika 3 procesno shemo naprave za proizvodnjo toplote z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo in izkoriščanjem energije toka kondenzata za proizvodnjo električne energije po tretjem izvedbenem primeruFigure 3 process diagram of the device for heat production with a geothermal gravity heat pipe and the utilization of the energy of the condensate flow for the production of electricity according to the third implementation example
Slika 1 prikazuje procesno shemo prve izvedbe izuma metode in naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo. Naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, kot je prikazana na sliki 1, vključuje:Figure 1 shows a process diagram of the first embodiment of the invention of a method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe. A device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, as shown in Figure 1, includes:
- geotermično toplotno cev 1 nameščeno v geotermično vrtino, kjer je omenjena gravitacijska toplotna cev 1, s katero se izkorišča geotermični potencial kamenin, na površini, opremljena z zapornima ventiloma 2 in 3, ki sta nameščena vsak na svojem vodu,- geothermal heat pipe 1 installed in a geothermal well, where the mentioned gravity heat pipe 1, which uses the geothermal potential of rocks, is on the surface, equipped with shut-off valves 2 and 3, each of which is installed on its own line,
- rezervoar 4 napolnjen z vodo, v katerega se, preko zapornih ventilov 32, 33 in 34, ter cevnega sistema 24, 28 in 31, občasno odvajajo nekondenzirajoči plini iz nadzemnega in podzemnega sistema,- tank 4 filled with water, into which non-condensable gases from the above-ground and underground systems are periodically discharged through the shut-off valves 32, 33 and 34, and the pipe system 24, 28 and 31,
- kondenzator 10 za proizvodnjo toplote porabnika 9, v katerega se po cevovodu preko zapornih ventilov 3, 5 in 6 vodijo nasičene pare delovnega fluida iz geotermične gravitacijske tolotne cevi 1, nastala mešanica nasičenih par in kapljevine delovnega fluida pa se vodi v separator 11,- the condenser 10 for the heat production of the consumer 9, into which the saturated vapors of the working fluid from the geothermal gravity flow pipe 1 are led through the pipeline through the shut-off valves 3, 5 and 6, and the resulting mixture of saturated vapors and droplets of the working fluid is led into the separator 11,
- separator 11, od koder se nasičene pare vodijo preko zapornega ventila 12 in redukcijskega ventila 13 v separator 14, od tod pa v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom 15, kondenzat, pa se iz separatorja 11 vodi preko redukcijskega ventila 17 v fazno spremenjivo turbino 20,- separator 11, from where the saturated vapors are led via shut-off valve 12 and reduction valve 13 to separator 14, and from there to a single-stage turbine with radial outlet 15, and the condensate is led from separator 11 via reduction valve 17 to phase-variable turbine 20 ,
- enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom 15, iz katere se mešanica par in kondenzata preko zapornega ventila 16 vodi v kondenzator 21,- a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet 15, from which the mixture of steam and condensate is led to the condenser 21 via the shut-off valve 16,
- fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, iz katere se mešanica par in kondenzata preko zapornega ventila 19 vodi v kondenzator 21, kondenzator 21 z zunanjim hladilnim sistemom 22, iz katerega se kondenzat, preko reducirnega ventila 27 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1,- phase variable turbine 20, from which the mixture of steam and condensate is led to the condenser 21 via the shut-off valve 19, the condenser 21 with an external cooling system 22, from which the condensate, via the reduction valve 27 and the shut-off valves 30 and 2, returns back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1,
- rezervoar 26, v katerega se preko regulacijskega ventila 25 dovaja kondenzat iz kondenzatorja 21, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi 1 previsok ali pa se iz rezervoarja 26 dovaja kondenzat v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1 preko redukcijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski cevi prenizek.- tank 26, into which condensate from the condenser 21 is supplied via the control valve 25, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 is too high or condensate is supplied from the tank 26 to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 via the reduction valve 29 and the stop valve 30 and 2, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity tube is too low.
Z zapornim ventilom 2 in 3 lahko ločimo nadzemni del postrojenja od geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi 1 v primeru ko naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo ne obratuje. Nasičene pare delovnega fluida se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 3 in 5 v napravo za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo. Termodinamsko stanje delovnega fluida v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi se, pred začetkom obratovanja nadzemnega dela postroja, ugotavlja z merjenjem tlaka in temperature med zapornima ventiloma 3 in 5 ter 2 in 30, pri tem sta zaporna ventila 5 in 30 zaprta.The shut-off valve 2 and 3 can be used to separate the above-ground part of the plant from the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 in the event that the device for the production of heat and/or electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe is not operating. Saturated vapors of the working fluid are supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 through the shut-off valve 3 and 5 to the device for the production of heat and/or electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe. The thermodynamic state of the working fluid in the geothermal gravity heat pipe is determined by measuring the pressure and temperature between shut-off valves 3 and 5 and 2 and 30 before the start of operation of the above-ground part of the plant, while shut-off valves 5 and 30 are closed.
Pred obratovanjem naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, se mora vspostaviti stacionarno obratovalno stanje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi. Pri tem se nasičene pare delovnega fluida vodijo iz geotermične gravitacijske tolotne cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 3, 5 in 17 v kondenzator 21, kjer kondenzirajo, nastali kondenzat delovnega fluida pa se nato vrača preko regulcijskega ventila 27 ter zapornih ventilov 30 in 3 nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1. Ostali zaporni in regulacijski ventili so zaprti.Before operating the device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity heat pipe must be established. In this case, the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led from the geothermal gravity flow pipe 1 through the shut-off valves 3, 5 and 17 to the condenser 21, where they condense, and the resulting condensate of the working fluid is then returned via the control valve 27 and the shut-off valves 30 and 3 back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1. Other shut-off and control valves are closed.
Po vspostavitvi stacionarnega obratovalnega stanja geotermične gravitacijske cevi 1, se zapre zaporni ventil 17, nasičene pare delovnega fluida pa se iz geotermične gravitacijske cevi 1 vodijo preko zapornega ventila 3, 5 in 6 v kondenzator 10. V kondenzatorju 10, nasičene pare delovnega fluida v celoti ali delno kondenzirajo in segrevajo ogrevalni medij, kateri se s pomočjo obtočne črpalke 8 dovaja do porabnika toplote 9. Mešanica nasičenih par in kapljevine delovnega fluida se iz kondenzatorja 10 vodi v separator 11, kjer se kapljevina loči od nasičenih par delovnega fluida. Kapljevina delovnega fluida se iz separatorja 11 nato preko regulacijskega ventila 7 dovaja v fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, v kateri se delno upari. Naprava se lahko opcijsko izvede brez fazno spremenljive turbine 20, s katero se izkorišča energija toka kondenzata za proizvodnjo električne energije. Nastala mešanica par in kapljevine delovnega fluida, ki zapušča fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, se preko ventila 19 vodi v kondenzator 21.After the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity pipe 1 is established, the stop valve 17 is closed, and the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led from the geothermal gravity pipe 1 through the stop valves 3, 5 and 6 to the condenser 10. In the condenser 10, the saturated vapors of the working fluid completely or they partially condense and heat the heating medium, which is supplied to the heat consumer 9 with the help of a circulation pump 8. The mixture of saturated vapors and liquid working fluid is led from the condenser 10 to the separator 11, where the liquid is separated from the saturated vapors of the working fluid. The droplet of the working fluid is then fed from the separator 11 through the control valve 7 to the phase variable turbine 20, where it partially evaporates. The device can optionally be implemented without the phase-variable turbine 20, which uses the energy of the condensate flow to produce electricity. The resulting mixture of vapor and liquid of the working fluid, which leaves the phase variable turbine 20, is led to the condenser 21 via the valve 19.
Nasičene pare delovnega fluida se iz separatorja 11 vodijo preko zapornega ventila 12 v regulacijski ventil 13 in nato v separator 14, kjer se iz nasičenih par delovnega fluida izloči morebiti prisotna kapljevina. Iz separatorja 14 se nasičene pare vodijo v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom 15, v kateri se pri oddaji energije delno kondenzirajo. Mešanica par in kapljevine delovnega fluida se, iz turbine z radialnim iztokom 15 vodijo preko zapornega ventila 16 v kondenzator 21, kjer kondenzirajo.The saturated vapors of the working fluid are led from the separator 11 through the shut-off valve 12 to the regulating valve 13 and then to the separator 14, where any liquid present is separated from the saturated vapors of the working fluid. From the separator 14, the saturated vapors are led to a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet 15, in which they partially condense during energy release. The mixture of vapors and droplets of the working fluid is led from the turbine with a radial outlet 15 through the shut-off valve 16 to the condenser 21, where it condenses.
Za hlajenje kondenzatorja 21 se uporablja zunanji hladilni sistem 22, kjer se hladilni medij s pomočjo obtočne črpalke dovaja v kondenzator 21. Kondenzat delovnega fluida, ki zapušča kondenzator 21, se preko regulacijskega ventila 27 in zapornega ventila 30 in 2 vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev.An external cooling system 22 is used to cool the condenser 21, where the cooling medium is supplied to the condenser 21 with the help of a circulating pump. The condensate of the working fluid, which leaves the condenser 21, is returned to the geothermal gravity thermal system via the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2 pipe.
Rezervoar 26 se uporablja za uravnavanje tlaka in temperature v geotermični gravitacijski cevi, kjer se ob previsokem tlaku par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, del kondenzata iz kondenzatorja 21 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 25 v rezervoar 26. V primeru prenizkega tlaka par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi preko zapornega ventila 3 in 5 na površino, pa se delovni fluid iz rezervoarja 26 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, nazaj v geotermično gravitacisko toplotno cev. Polnjenje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom se izvede preko zapornega ventila 33, 34 in 2. Pred polnjem geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom, je potrebno celoten sistem vakuumirati. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi se izvaja preko zapornega ventila 2, 34 in 32, kateri se preko cevovoda 31 vodijo v rezervoar 4. Odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja 21 se izvaja preko cevovoda 24 in 28 v rezervoar 4 ali v rezervoar 26. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondezirajočih plinov iz rezervoarja 26 se izvaja preko cevovoda 28 v rezervoar 4.The reservoir 26 is used to regulate the pressure and temperature in the geothermal gravity pipe, where, when the pressure is too high, the steam of the working fluid, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, part of the condensate from the condenser 21 is led via the control valve 25 into the reservoir 26. In the case of too low pressure, the working fluid pair, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the shut-off valve 3 and 5 to the surface, and the working fluid from the tank 26 is led via the control valve 29 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2, back into the geothermal gravity heat pipe. The filling of the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid is carried out via shut-off valves 33, 34 and 2. Before filling the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid, the entire system must be vacuumed. Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from the geothermal gravity heat pipe is carried out via shut-off valves 2, 34 and 32, which are led to tank 4 via pipeline 31. Removal of non-condensable gases from condenser 21 is carried out via pipelines 24 and 28 into tank 4 or into tank 26 Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from tank 26 is carried out via pipeline 28 to tank 4.
Slika 2 prikazuje procesno shemo druge izvedbe izuma metode in naprave za proizvodnjo tolote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, kjer se nasičene pare, ki se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevji na površino uprabljajo samo za proizvodnjo električne energije. Naprava za proizvodnjo električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, kot je prikazana na sliki 2, vključuje:Figure 2 shows the process diagram of the second embodiment of the invention of the method and device for the production of water and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, where the saturated steam supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface is used only for the production of electricity. A geothermal gravity heat pipe power generation device, as shown in Figure 2, includes:
- geotermično toplotno cev 1 nameščeno v geotermično vrtino, kjer je omenjena gravitacijska toplotna cev 1, s katero se izkorišča geotermični potencial kamenin, na površini, opremljena z zapornima ventiloma 2 in 3, ki sta nameščena vsak na svojem vodu, - rezervoar 4 napolnjen z vodo, v katerega se, preko zapornih ventilov 32, 33 in 34, ter cevnega sistema 24, 28 in 31, občasno odvajajo nekondenzirajoči plini iz nadzemnega in podzemnega sistema,- geothermal heat pipe 1 installed in a geothermal well, where the mentioned gravity heat pipe 1, which exploits the geothermal potential of rocks, is on the surface, equipped with shut-off valves 2 and 3, which are each installed on its own line, - tank 4 filled with water, into which non-condensable gases from the above-ground and underground systems are periodically discharged via shut-off valves 32, 33 and 34, and pipe system 24, 28 and 31,
- enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom 15, iz katere se mešanica par in kondenzata preko zapornega ventila 16 vodi v kondenzator 21,- a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet 15, from which the mixture of steam and condensate is led to the condenser 21 via the shut-off valve 16,
- kondenzator 21 z zunanjim hladilnim sistemom 22, iz katerega se kondenzat, preko reducirnega ventila 27 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1,- the condenser 21 with an external cooling system 22, from which the condensate is returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 via the reducing valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2,
- rezervoar 26, v katerega se preko regulacijskega ventila 25 dovaja kondenzat iz kondenzatorja 21, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi 1 previsok ali pa se iz rezervoarja 26 dovaja kondenzat v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1 preko redukcijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski cevi prenizek.- tank 26, into which condensate from the condenser 21 is supplied via the control valve 25, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 is too high or condensate is supplied from the tank 26 to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 via the reduction valve 29 and the stop valve 30 and 2, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity tube is too low.
Z zapornim ventilom 2 in 3 lahko ločimo nadzemni del postrojenja od geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi 1 v primeru ko naprava za proizvodnjo električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo ne obratuje. Nasičene pare delovnega fluida se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 3 in 5 v napravo za proizvodnjo električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo. Termodinamsko stanje delovnega fluida v geotermični gravitacijski cevi se, pred začetkom obratovanja nadzemnega dela postroja, ugotavlja z merjenjem tlaka in temperature med zapornima ventiloma 3 in 5 ter 2 in 30, pri tem sta zaporna ventila 5 in 30 zaprta.The shut-off valve 2 and 3 can be used to separate the above-ground part of the plant from the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 in the event that the device for generating electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe is not operating. The saturated vapors of the working fluid are supplied from the geothermal gravity pipe 1 through the shut-off valve 3 and 5 to the device for generating electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe. The thermodynamic state of the working fluid in the geothermal gravity pipe is determined by measuring the pressure and temperature between shut-off valves 3 and 5 and 2 and 30, while shut-off valves 5 and 30 are closed, before the start of operation of the above-ground part of the plant.
Pred obratovanjem naprave za proizvodnjo električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, se mora vspostaviti stacionarno obratovalno stanje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi. Pri tem se nasičene pare delovnega fluida vodijo iz geotermične gravitacijske tolotne cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 3, 5 in 17 v kondenzator 21, kjer kondenzirajo, nastali kondenzat delovnega fluida pa se nato vrača preko regulcijskega ventila 27 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 3 nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev. Ostali zaporni in regulacijski ventili so zaprti.Before operating the device for the production of electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity heat pipe must be established. In this case, the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led from the geothermal gravity flow pipe 1 through the shut-off valve 3, 5 and 17 to the condenser 21, where they condense, and the resulting condensate of the working fluid is then returned via the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 3 back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe. Other shut-off and control valves are closed.
Po vspostavitvi stacionarnega obratovalnega stanja geotermične gravitacijske cevi 1, se zapre zaporni ventil 17, nasičene pare delovnega fluida pa se vodijo preko zapornega ventila3, 5 in 18 do regulacijskega ventila 13, nato pa v separator 14, kjer se iz nasičenih par delovnega fluida izloči morebiti prisotna kapljevina. Iz separatorja 14 se nasičene pare vodijo v enostopenjsko turbino z radialnim iztokom 15, v kateri se pri oddaji energije delovni fluid delno kondenzira. Mešanica par in kapljevine delovnega fluida se, iz enostopenjske turbine z radialnim iztokom 15, vodi preko zapornega ventila 16 v kondenzator 21. Za hlajenje se uporablja zunanji hladilni sistem 22 od koder se hladilni medij s pomočjo obtočne črpalke 23 dovaja v kondenzator 21. Kondenzat delovnega fluida se iz kondenzatorja 21 preko regulacijskega ventila 27 in zapornega ventila 30 in 2 odvaja nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev.After the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity tube 1 is established, the stop valve 17 is closed, and the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led through the stop valves 3, 5 and 18 to the control valve 13, and then to the separator 14, where any possible liquid present. From the separator 14, the saturated vapors are led to a single-stage turbine with a radial outlet 15, in which the working fluid partially condenses during energy release. The mixture of vapors and droplets of the working fluid is led from the single-stage turbine with a radial outlet 15 through the shut-off valve 16 into the condenser 21. An external cooling system 22 is used for cooling, from where the cooling medium is fed into the condenser 21 with the help of a circulation pump 23. The condensate of the working fluid the fluid is discharged from the condenser 21 via the control valve 27 and the stop valve 30 and 2 back into the geothermal gravity heat pipe.
Rezervoar 26 se uporablja za uravnavanje tlaka in temperature v geotermični gravitacijski cevi, kjer se ob previsokem tlaku par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, del kondenzata iz kondenzatorja 21 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 25 v rezervoar 26. V primeru prenizkega tlaka par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi preko zapornega ventila 3 in 5 na površino, pa se delovni fluid iz rezervoarja 26 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 inThe reservoir 26 is used to regulate the pressure and temperature in the geothermal gravity pipe, where, when the pressure is too high, the steam of the working fluid, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, part of the condensate from the condenser 21 is led via the control valve 25 into the reservoir 26. In the case of too low pressure, the working fluid pair, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe via shut-off valves 3 and 5 to the surface, and the working fluid from the tank 26 is led via the regulating valve 29 and the shut-off valve 30 and
2, nazaj v geotermično gravitacisko toplotno cev. Polnjenje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom se izvede preko zapornega ventila 33, 34 in 2. Pred polnjem geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom, je potrebno celoten sistem vakuumirati. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi se izvaja preko zapornega ventila 2, 34 in 32, kateri se preko cevovoda 31 vodijo v rezervoar 4. Odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja 21 se izvaja preko cevovoda 24 in 28 v rezervoar 4 ali v rezervoar 26. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondezirajočih plinov iz rezervoarja 26 se izvaja preko cevovoda 28 v rezervoar 4.2, back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe. The filling of the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid is carried out via shut-off valves 33, 34 and 2. Before filling the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid, the entire system must be vacuumed. Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from the geothermal gravity heat pipe is carried out via shut-off valves 2, 34 and 32, which are led to tank 4 via pipeline 31. Removal of non-condensable gases from condenser 21 is carried out via pipelines 24 and 28 into tank 4 or into tank 26 Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from tank 26 is carried out via pipeline 28 to tank 4.
Slika 3 prikazuje procesno shemo tretje izvedbe izuma metode in naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in/ali električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo za namenom proizvodnje toplote za potrebe ogrevanja in izkoriščanjem energije toka kondenzata za proizvodnjo električne energije. Naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, kot je prikazana na sliki 3, vključuje:Figure 3 shows a process diagram of the third embodiment of the invention of the method and device for the production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe for the purpose of producing heat for heating needs and utilizing the energy of the condensate flow for the production of electricity. A geothermal gravity heat pipe heat and power plant, as shown in Figure 3, includes:
- geotermično toplotno cev 1 nameščeno v geotermično vrtino, kjer je omenjena gravitacijska toplotna cev 1, s katero se izkorišča geotermični potencial kamenin, na površini, opremljena z zapornima ventiloma 2 in 3, ki sta nameščena vsak na svojem vodu, - rezervoar 4 napolnjen z vodo, v katerega se, preko zapornih ventilov 32, 33 in 34, ter cevnega sistema 24, 28 in 31, občasno odvajajo nekondenzirajoči plini iz nadzemnega in podzemnega sistema,- geothermal heat pipe 1 installed in a geothermal well, where the mentioned gravity heat pipe 1, which exploits the geothermal potential of rocks, is on the surface, equipped with shut-off valves 2 and 3, which are each installed on its own line, - tank 4 filled with water, into which non-condensable gases from the above-ground and underground systems are periodically discharged via shut-off valves 32, 33 and 34, and pipe system 24, 28 and 31,
- kondenzator 10 za proizvodnjo toplote porabnika 9, v katerega se po cevovodu preko zapornih ventilov 3, 5 in 6 vodijo nasičene pare delovnega fluida iz geotermične gravitacijske tolotne cevi 1, nastali kondenzat pa v fazno spremenljivo turbino 20.- the condenser 10 for the production of heat of the consumer 9, into which the saturated vapors of the working fluid from the geothermal gravity flow pipe 1 are led through the pipeline through the shut-off valves 3, 5 and 6, and the resulting condensate into the phase variable turbine 20.
- fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, iz katere se mešanica par in kondenzata preko zapornega ventila 19 vodi v kondenzator 21,- phase variable turbine 20, from which the mixture of steam and condensate is led to the condenser 21 via the shut-off valve 19,
- kondenzator 21 z zunanjim hladilnim sistemom 22, iz katerega se kondenzat, preko reducirnega ventila 27 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, vrača nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1,- the condenser 21 with an external cooling system 22, from which the condensate is returned to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 via the reducing valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2,
- rezervoar 26, v katerega se preko regulacijskega ventila 25 dovaja kondenzat iz kondenzatorja 21, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi 1 previsok ali pa se iz rezervoarja 26 dovaja kondenzat v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1 preko redukcijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, če je tlak v geotermični gravitacijski cevi prenizek.- tank 26, into which condensate from the condenser 21 is supplied via the control valve 25, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 is too high or condensate is supplied from the tank 26 to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 via the reduction valve 29 and the stop valve 30 and 2, if the pressure in the geothermal gravity tube is too low.
Z zapornim ventilom 2 in 3 lahko ločimo nadzemni del postrojenja od geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi v primeru ko naprava za proizvodnjo toplote in električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo ne obratuje. Nasičene pare delovnega fluida se dovajajo iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 2, 3 in 5 v napravo za proizvodnjo toplote in električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo.Shut-off valves 2 and 3 can be used to separate the above-ground part of the plant from the geothermal gravity heat pipe in the event that the device for the production of heat and electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe is not operating. The saturated vapors of the working fluid are supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1 through the shut-off valve 2, 3 and 5 to the device for the production of heat and electricity with the geothermal gravity heat pipe.
Termodinamsko stanje delovnega fluida v geotermični gravitacijski toplotni cevi se pred začetkom obratovanja nadzemnega dela postroja ugotavlja z merjenjem tlaka in temperature med zapornima ventiloma 3 in 5 ter 2 in 30, pri tem sta zaporna ventila 5 in 30 zaprta. Pred obratovanjem naprave za proizvodnjo toplote in električne energije z geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cevjo, se mora vspostaviti stacionarno obratovalno stanje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi. Pri tem se nasičene pare delovnega fluida vodijo iz geotermične gravitacijske tolotne cevi 1 preko zapornega ventila 3, 5 in 17 v kondenzator 21, kjer kondenzirajo, nastali kondenzat delovnega fluida pa se nato vrača preko regulcijskega ventila 27 in zapornega ventila 30 in 3 nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev 1. Ostali zaporni in regulacijski ventili so zaprti.The thermodynamic state of the working fluid in the geothermal gravity heat pipe is determined by measuring the pressure and temperature between shut-off valves 3 and 5 and 2 and 30 before the start of operation of the above-ground part of the plant, while shut-off valves 5 and 30 are closed. Before operating the device for the production of heat and electricity with a geothermal gravity heat pipe, the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity heat pipe must be established. In this case, the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led from the geothermal gravity flow pipe 1 through the shut-off valve 3, 5 and 17 to the condenser 21, where they condense, and the resulting condensate of the working fluid is then returned via the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 3 back to the geothermal gravity heat pipe 1. Other shut-off and control valves are closed.
Po vspostavitvi stacionarnega obratovalnega stanja geotermične gravitacijske cevi 1, se zapre zaporni ventil 17, nasičene pare delovnega fluida pa se vodijo preko zapornega ventila 3, 5 in 6 v kondenzator 10. V kondenzatorju 10, nasičene pare delovnega fluida kondenzirajo pri kritični temperaturi in segrevajo ogrevalni medij, kateri se dovaja s pomočjo črpalke 8 do porabnika toplote 9. Iz kondenzatorja se nato kondenzat delovnega fluida preko regulacijskega ventila 7 dovaja v fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, v kateri se pri proizvodnji električne energije delno upari. Naprava se lahko opcijsko izvede brez fazno spremenljive turbine 20, s katero se izkorišča energija toka kondenzata za proizvodnjo električne energije. Nastala mešanica par in kapljevine delovnega fluida, ki zapušča fazno spremenljivo turbino 20, se preko zapornega ventila 19 vodi v kondenzator 21.After establishing the stationary operating state of the geothermal gravity pipe 1, the shut-off valve 17 is closed, and the saturated vapors of the working fluid are led through the shut-off valves 3, 5 and 6 into the condenser 10. In the condenser 10, the saturated vapors of the working fluid condense at the critical temperature and heat the heating medium, which is supplied with the help of pump 8 to heat consumer 9. From the condenser, the condensate of the working fluid is then supplied via the control valve 7 to the phase variable turbine 20, in which it partially evaporates during the production of electricity. The device can optionally be implemented without the phase-variable turbine 20, which uses the energy of the condensate flow to produce electricity. The resulting mixture of vapors and droplets of the working fluid, which leaves the phase variable turbine 20, is led to the condenser 21 via the shut-off valve 19.
Za hlajenje se uporablja zunanji hladilni sistem 22, kjer se hladilni medij s pomočjo obtočne črpalke dovaja v kondenzator 21. Nastali kondenzat se iz kondenzatorja 21 odvaja se preko regulacijskega ventila 27 in zapornega ventila 30 in 2 nazaj v geotermično gravitacijsko toplotno cev.An external cooling system 22 is used for cooling, where the cooling medium is supplied to the condenser 21 with the help of a circulation pump. The resulting condensate is discharged from the condenser 21 via the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2 back into the geothermal gravity heat pipe.
Rezervoar 26 se uporablja za uravnavanje tlaka in temperature v geotermični gravitacijski cevi, kjer se ob previsokem tlaku par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi na površino, del kondenzata iz kondenzatorja 21 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 25 v rezervoar 26. V primeru prenizkega tlaka par delovnega fluida, ki se dovaja iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi preko zapornega ventila 3 in 5 na površino, pa se delovni fluid iz rezervoarja 26 vodi preko regulacijskega ventila 29 ter zapornega ventila 30 in 2, nazaj v geotermično gravitacisko toplotno cev. Polnjenje geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom se izvede preko zapornega ventila 33, 34 in 2. Pred polnjem geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi z delovnim fluidom, je potrebno celoten sistem vakuumirati. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz geotermične gravitacijske toplotne cevi se izvaja preko zapornega ventila 2, 34 in 32, kateri se preko cevovoda 31 vodijo v rezervoar 4. Odstranjevanje nekondenzirajočih plinov iz kondenzatorja 21 se izvaja preko cevovoda 24 in 28 v rezervoar 4 ali v rezervoar 26. Občasno odstranjevanje nekondezirajočih plinov iz rezervoarja 26 se izvaja preko cevovoda 28 v rezervoar 4.The reservoir 26 is used to regulate the pressure and temperature in the geothermal gravity pipe, where, when the pressure is too high, the steam of the working fluid, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe to the surface, part of the condensate from the condenser 21 is led via the control valve 25 into the reservoir 26. In the case of too low pressure, the working fluid pair, which is supplied from the geothermal gravity heat pipe via the shut-off valve 3 and 5 to the surface, and the working fluid from the tank 26 is led via the control valve 29 and the shut-off valve 30 and 2, back into the geothermal gravity heat pipe. The filling of the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid is carried out via shut-off valves 33, 34 and 2. Before filling the geothermal gravity heat pipe with the working fluid, the entire system must be vacuumed. Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from the geothermal gravity heat pipe is carried out through shut-off valve 2, 34 and 32, which are led to tank 4 via pipeline 31. Removal of non-condensable gases from condenser 21 is carried out via pipelines 24 and 28 into tank 4 or into tank 26 Periodic removal of non-condensable gases from tank 26 is carried out via pipeline 28 to tank 4.
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| SI202200222A SI26426A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | A method and a device for production of heat and/or electricity with a geothermal gravitational heat pipe |
| PCT/SI2023/050016 WO2024091187A1 (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2023-10-23 | A method and a device for production of heat and/or electric energy with a geothermal gravitational heat pipe |
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| US3757516A (en) * | 1971-09-14 | 1973-09-11 | Magma Energy Inc | Geothermal energy system |
| US3986362A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1976-10-19 | Petru Baciu | Geothermal power plant with intermediate superheating and simultaneous generation of thermal and electrical energy |
| WO2008102292A2 (en) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-28 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Co2 based district energy system |
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| ITUB20155317A1 (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-04-26 | Exergy Spa | ORC binary cycle geothermal plant and process |
| EP3399246A1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-07 | E.ON Sverige AB | District energy distributing system and method of providing mechanical work and heating heat transfer fluid of a district thermal energy circuit |
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