SI26400A - Mulcher with increased working width - Google Patents
Mulcher with increased working width Download PDFInfo
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- SI26400A SI26400A SI202200197A SI202200197A SI26400A SI 26400 A SI26400 A SI 26400A SI 202200197 A SI202200197 A SI 202200197A SI 202200197 A SI202200197 A SI 202200197A SI 26400 A SI26400 A SI 26400A
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- gear
- mulcher
- torque
- rotor
- gears
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/42—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders
- A01D34/43—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle
- A01D34/435—Flail harvesters or mowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/42—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. cutting-cylinders
- A01D34/56—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
- A01D69/06—Gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Mulčer s povečano delovno širino je značilen po tem, da je standardni jermenski prenos nadomeščen z vitkim zobniškim prenosom. Mulčer vključuje: ohišje (8) mulčerja, znotraj katerega je vrtljivo nameščen rotor (7) s kladivi (7a); gonilo (1) za spremembo kota vrtilnega momenta iz vrtilnega momenta, ki je prečen na rotor (7), na vrtilni moment, ki je vzdolž rotorja (7): element (2) za prenos vrtilnega momenta z omenjenim gonilom za spremembo kota vrtilnega momenta na zobniško gonilo; ohišje zobniškega gonila, ki je nameščeno na eni strani ohišja (8) mulčerja; zobniško gonilo, ki vključuje najmanj dva, prednostno tri zobnike (4, 5, 6), ki so med seboj v kontaktu in so vertikalno razporejeni, pri čemer je najbolj spodnji zobnik povezan na rotor (7) s kladivi (7a), in povezovalni element (9), ki je nameščen med zobnikom (6) in rotorjem (7) za povezavo teh dveh elementov.The mulcher with an increased working width is characterized by the fact that the standard belt transmission is replaced by a slim gear transmission. The mulcher includes: a casing (8) of the mulcher, inside which a rotor (7) with hammers (7a) is rotatably mounted; a gear (1) for changing the angle of the torque from a torque that is transverse to the rotor (7) to a torque that is along the rotor (7): an element (2) for transmitting the torque with said gear for changing the angle of the torque to the gear train; the gearbox housing, which is installed on one side of the mulcher housing (8); gear drive, which includes at least two, preferably three gears (4, 5, 6) that are in contact with each other and are vertically arranged, with the lowest gear connected to the rotor (7) with hammers (7a), and connecting an element (9) that is placed between the gear (6) and the rotor (7) to connect these two elements.
Description
MULČER S POVEČANO DELOVNO ŠIRINOMULCH WITH INCREASED WORKING WIDTH
Področje izumaField of the Invention
Izum spada na področje kmetijskih strojev, natančneje mulčerjev. Pričujoči izum se nanaša na mulčer s povečano delovno širino.The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, specifically mulchers. The present invention relates to a mulcher with an increased working width.
Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem
Mulčerji so kmetijski stroji, ki se uporabljajo za čiščenje in pospešitev razgradnje ter zelenega gnojenja. Gre za traktorski priključek, ki s pomočjo delovnih teles, tako imenovanih kladiv, ki so nameščena na rotor, udarja po ostankih pridelka in zmanjšuje njihovo velikost. Pogonska moč izvira iz traktorja, od koder se preko kardanske gredi prenaša na kotno gonilo. Gonilo spremeni kot vrtilnega momenta in poveča vrtljaje. Nato se moč preko jermenskega gonila prenese na rotor s kladivi.Mulchers are agricultural machines used to clean and accelerate decomposition and green manure. It is a tractor attachment that, with the help of working bodies, so-called hammers, which are mounted on the rotor, hits the remains of the crop and reduces their size. The drive power originates from the tractor, from where it is transmitted to the bevel gear via the cardan shaft. The gear changes the torque angle and increases the revolutions. The power is then transmitted to the hammer rotor via a belt drive.
Čeprav jermenski prenos deluje korektno, pa negativno vpliva na delovno širino stroja, saj je za jermenski prenos potrebna določena širina prostora za namestitev, kar zoža prostor, namenjen rotorju. Le-ta je ožji, kot bi lahko bil. Namreč, v skladu s Pravilnikom o delih in opremi vozil, ki določa največje dovoljene mere in mase vozil v cestnem prometu ter zahteve za dele in opremo vozil, je največja dovoljena širina traktorjev na gospodarski vožnji s priklopniki ali traktorskimi priključki 306 cm. Upoštevaje navedeno je uporabnikom, ki so želeli z mulčerjem voziti po cesti, do sedaj kot največji ustrezal model mulčerja z delovno širino 280 cm in skupno transportno širino 306 cm, saj jermenski prenos zahteva približno 20 cm. Transportna širina kateregakoli večjega stroja z jermenskim prenosom ni več ustrezala zahtevam pravilnika.Although the belt transmission works correctly, it has a negative effect on the machine's working width, as the belt transmission requires a certain width of space for installation, which narrows the space intended for the rotor. This one is narrower than it could be. Namely, in accordance with the Rulebook on parts and equipment of vehicles, which determines the maximum permissible dimensions and weights of vehicles in road traffic and the requirements for parts and equipment of vehicles, the maximum permissible width of tractors for economic driving with trailers or tractor attachments is 306 cm. Taking into account the above, the model of mulcher with a working width of 280 cm and a total transport width of 306 cm, as the belt transmission requires approximately 20 cm, has been the largest to date for users who wanted to drive the mulcher on the road. The transport width of any larger machine with a belt transmission no longer met the requirements of the regulations.
V primeru preobremenitev naj bi jermenski prenos zdrsnil, vendar se v praksi lahko zgodi, da do zdrsa jermenov ne pride dovolj hitro, kar lahko vodi do poškodbe na traktorju ali rotorju.In the case of overloads, the belt transmission is supposed to slip, but in practice it may happen that the belts do not slip quickly enough, which can lead to damage to the tractor or the rotor.
Dodatno jermenski prenos predstavlja tudi izgubo moči stroja ter večjo porabo goriva. Nenazadnje pa jermenski prenos zahteva redno vzdrževanje z menjavo jermenov, da lahko mulčer deluje pravilno in optimalno.In addition, the belt transmission also represents a loss of machine power and higher fuel consumption. Last but not least, the belt transmission requires regular maintenance by changing the belts so that the mulcher can work properly and optimally.
Tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, je torej konstrukcijska zasnova mulčerja, ki bo reševal slabosti znanih rešitev. Predvsem je namen izuma, da bo mulčer imel povečano delovno širino v primerjavi z obstoječimi mulčerji.The technical problem that the present invention solves is therefore the construction design of the mulcher, which will solve the weaknesses of known solutions. Above all, the purpose of the invention is that the mulcher will have an increased working width compared to existing mulchers.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
Kot že omenjeno zgoraj, se za prenos vrtilnega momenta iz traktorja preko kardanske gredi, kotnega gonila ter podaljška na rotor uporablja jermenski prenos. Tovrstna rešitev je na primer razkrita v patentu ES2401273B1 in uporabnem modelu ES1005925U.As already mentioned above, a belt transmission is used to transfer the torque from the tractor via the cardan shaft, bevel gear and extension to the rotor. Such a solution is disclosed, for example, in patent ES2401273B1 and utility model ES1005925U.
Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem
Pričujoči izum rešuje težave zgoraj opisanih mulčerjev. Tehnični problem je rešen, kot je definirano v neodvisnem zahtevku, medtem ko so prednostne rešitve opisane v odvisnih zahtevkih.The present invention solves the problems of the mulchers described above. The technical problem is solved as defined in the independent claim, while preferred solutions are described in the dependent claims.
Bistvo pričujočega izuma je v tem, da je jermenski prenos nadomeščen z vitkim zobniškim gonilom z valjastimi zobniki. V zobniškem gonilu sta najmanj dva zobnika, ki sta v medsebojnem kontaktu, tako da se rotor vrti v pravi smeri. Po prednostni izvedbi so zobniki trije. Po alternativnih izvedbah bi lahko bilo še več zobnikov, vendar bi to po nepotrebnem kompliciralo in podražilo izvedbo mulčerja.The essence of the present invention is that the belt transmission is replaced by a slender pinion gear with cylindrical gears. In a gear, there are at least two gears that are in contact with each other so that the rotor rotates in the right direction. According to the preferred embodiment, there are three gears. According to alternative designs, there could be more gears, but this would unnecessarily complicate and make the implementation of the mulcher more expensive.
Mulčer po izumu tako vključuje:The mulcher according to the invention thus includes:
- ohišje mulčerja, znotraj katerega je vrtljivo nameščen rotor s kladivi, gonilo za spremembo kota vrtilnega momenta iz vrtilnega momenta, ki je prečen na rotor, na vrtilni moment, ki je vzdolž rotorja, pri čemer je prednostno gonilo izvedeno kot kotno gonilo, nameščeno na ohišju mulčerja za prenos vrtilnega momenta iz kardanske gredi, ko je le-ta priklopljena, na drugo kardansko gred,- the mulcher housing, inside which a rotor with hammers is rotatably mounted, a gear for changing the angle of the torque from a torque transverse to the rotor to a torque along the rotor, wherein the gear is preferably implemented as an angle gear mounted on the mulcher housing to transfer torque from the cardan shaft, when it is connected, to another cardan shaft,
- element za prenos vrtilnega momenta iz gonila za spremembo kota vrtilnega momenta na zobniško gonilo, pri čemer je prednostna izvedba omenjenega elementa druga kardanska gred, ki je na enem koncu povezana na omenjeno gonilo, prednostno na kotno gonilo, na drugem koncu pa na enega izmed vsaj dveh zobnikov zobniškega gonila, pri čemer je prednostna druga kardanska gred prednostno opremljena s strižno sklopko za varovanje pred preobremenitvijo,- an element for transferring the torque from the gear to change the angle of the torque to the gear gear, wherein the preferred embodiment of the mentioned element is a second cardan shaft, which is connected at one end to the mentioned gear, preferably to the bevel gear, and at the other end to one of of at least two pinions of the gear train, whereby the preferred second cardan shaft is preferably equipped with a shear clutch to protect against overloading,
- ohišje zobniškega gonila, nameščeno na eni strani ohišja mulčerja,- the gearbox housing, installed on one side of the mulcher housing,
- zobniško gonilo, ki vključuje najmanj dva, prednostno tri zobnike, ki so med seboj v kontaktu in so vertikalno razporejeni, pri čemer je najbolj spodnji zobnik povezan na rotor s kladivi, in- gear train, which includes at least two, preferably three gears that are in contact with each other and are vertically arranged, with the lowest gear connected to the rotor with hammers, and
- povezovalni element, ki je prednostno čelni moznik, nameščen med zobnikom in rotorjem za povezavo teh elementov, pri čemer je čelni moznik nameščen v utor, ki ga tvorita utora na zobniku in rotorju, proti izpadu pa je zavarovan z vskočnikom.- a connecting element, which is preferably a face dowel, placed between the gear and the rotor to connect these elements, whereby the face dowel is placed in the groove formed by the grooves on the gear and the rotor, and it is secured against falling out with a snap.
Vrtilni moment se torej prenaša iz traktorja preko kardanske gredi, kotnega gonila, druge kardanske gredi in zobniškega gonila na rotor. Povezovalni element je lahko katerikoli primeren element znan strokovnjaku na področju. Tako so lahko gredne zveze različne in se lahko prilagajajo po potrebi. Prednostna rešitev uporablja čelni moznik, ki pa se lahko zamenja s katerim drugim elementom, ki opravlja enako funkcijo povezovanja zobnika in rotorja.The torque is therefore transmitted from the tractor via the cardan shaft, the bevel gear, the second cardan shaft and the pinion gear to the rotor. The connecting element can be any suitable element known to one skilled in the art. Thus, the shaft connections can be different and can be adjusted as needed. The preferred solution uses a front dowel, but it can be replaced with any other element that performs the same function of connecting the gear and the rotor.
Ohišje zobniškega prenosa in sam zobniški prenos sta zasnovana kar se da tanko oz. vitko. To se prednostno doseže tako, da imata vsaj dva zobnika potopljene ležaje na levi strani ohišja, kar zmanjša debelino celotnega prenosa, pri čemer so boki zob čim bližje ohišja. Omenjena zobnika sta podaljšana v desno stran, da sta lahko vpeta še preko desnega ležaja. V kolikor je zobniško gonilo zasnovano s tremi zobniki, je lahko srednji zobnik uležajen le z enim ležajem na sredini, dodatni ležaj ni potreben, saj preostala dva zobnika omogočata stabilnost srednjega zobnika.The gear transmission housing and the gear transmission itself are designed as thin as possible. slim. This is preferably achieved by having at least two gears have sunken bearings on the left side of the housing, which reduces the thickness of the overall transmission, with the flanks of the teeth as close to the housing as possible. The mentioned gears are extended to the right side, so that they can be engaged via the right bearing. As long as the gear train is designed with three gears, the middle gear can be supported with only one bearing in the middle, an additional bearing is not necessary, as the remaining two gears enable the stability of the middle gear.
Nadalje so stene ohišja čim tanjše in prednostno narejene z ulivanjem. Z ulivanjem se lahko naredi debeline sten 0,7 cm, lahko pa so tudi širše. Še tanjše stene bi se lahko izdelalo z odrezovanjem, vendar pa je ta postopek predrag. Ohišje ni razširjeno v aksialni smeri, kjer bi ožalo delovni prostor, temveč je razširjeno v radialni smeri, da se doseže želeni volumen olja, hkrati pa omogoči čim večjo delovno širino. Čelni moznik s svojim utorom zavzame minimalen prostor, zato ne zahteva aksialne širitve in tako omogoča vitko zasnovo ohišja zobniškega prenosa.Furthermore, the housing walls are as thin as possible and are preferably made by casting. Casting can make the walls 0.7 cm thick, but they can also be wider. Even thinner walls could be made by cutting, but this process is too expensive. The housing is not expanded in the axial direction, where it would limit the working space, but it is expanded in the radial direction to achieve the desired volume of oil, while at the same time allowing the largest possible working width. The front dowel with its groove takes up minimal space, therefore does not require axial expansion and thus enables a slim design of the gear transmission housing.
Gonilo za spremembo kota vrtilnega momenta je prednostno kotno gonilo, lahko pa tudi katero drugo primerno gonilo, sestav ali element, ki je sposobno vrtilni moment, ki je prečen na rotor mulčerja, spremeniti v vrtilni moment, ki je vzdolž rotorja. Kotno gonilo vključuje dve gredi in dva zobnika, ki sta nameščena vsak na svojo gred in medsebojno ubirata. Vhodna gred je preko kardanske gredi povezana s traktorjem, izhodna gred pa preko druge kardanske gredi na prvi zobnik zobniškega gonila. Alternativno se lahko namesto kotnega gonila uporabi hidravlični pogon, ki vključuje hidro motor, ki se ga poganja s hidravlično črpalko nameščeno na traktorju, ali pogon na elektromotor.The gear for changing the angle of the torque is preferably an angle gear, but it can also be any other suitable gear, assembly or element capable of changing the torque that is transverse to the rotor of the mulcher to the torque that is along the rotor. The bevel gear includes two shafts and two gears, each mounted on its own shaft and meshing with each other. The input shaft is connected to the tractor via the cardan shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first gear of the gear train via the second cardan shaft. Alternatively, a hydraulic drive can be used instead of the bevel gear, which includes a hydro motor driven by a hydraulic pump mounted on the tractor, or an electric motor drive.
Kardanska gred je cenovno in funkcionalno najbolj ugodna rešitev za prenos vrtilnega momenta do zobniškega gonila. Namesto druge kardanske gredi bi se lahko uporabila tudi katera koli druga primerna povezava, ki je poznana strokovnjaku na področju in omogoča prenos vrtilnega momenta s kotnega gonila ali njegovega ekvivalenta na zobniško gonilo. Na primer, lahko se uporabi podaljšek v kombinaciji z gumijastimi sklopkami, ki kompenzirajo nesoosnost izhodne gredi na kotnem gonilu in prvega zobnika zobniškega gonila.The cardan shaft is the most cost-effective and functional solution for transferring the torque to the gear. Instead of the second cardan shaft, any other suitable connection known to one of ordinary skill in the art and capable of transmitting torque from the bevel gear or its equivalent to the gear gear could be used. For example, an extension can be used in combination with rubber couplings that compensate for the misalignment of the output shaft on the bevel gear and the first gear of the gear.
Mulčer ima dvojno varovanje pred preobremenitvami in manjša možnost poškodb traktorja oziroma rotorja, kar je zagotovljeno s strižno sklopko in čelnim moznikom. Strižna sklopka na drugi kardanski gredi omogoča takojšnjo zaustavitev prenosa vrtilnega momenta in varuje mulčer pred preobremenitvami. Varnostno delovanje strižne sklopke omogoča vijak, ki se nahaja na dvodelnem členku kardanske gredi. V primeru preobremenitve se odstriže vijak, kar povzroči, da se kardanska gred, ki povezuje kotno in zobniško gonilo, vrti v prazno, saj se en del členka vrti, drugi pa se zaustavi.The mulcher has double protection against overloads and less possibility of damage to the tractor or the rotor, which is ensured by a shear clutch and a front dowel. The shear clutch on the second cardan shaft enables immediate stopping of torque transmission and protects the mulcher from overloads. The safety operation of the shear clutch is enabled by a screw located on the two-part universal joint of the cardan shaft. In the event of an overload, the bolt shears off, causing the cardan shaft connecting the bevel and pinion gears to idle, as one part of the joint rotates and the other stops.
Drugi nivo varovanja predstavlja čelni moznik, ki je nameščen med zobnikom in rotorjem. Če se zaradi preobremenitve odlomi tudi čelni moznik, se prenos vrtilnega momenta med zobnikom in rotorjem oziroma njegovo gredjo ustavi.The second level of protection is represented by the front dowel, which is installed between the gear and the rotor. If the end dowel also breaks off due to overloading, the transmission of torque between the gear and the rotor or its shaft stops.
Prednosti mulčerja po izumu so številne:The advantages of the mulcher according to the invention are numerous:
— Zmanjšanje širine prenosa oziroma povečanje delovne širine stroja: zamenjava jermenskega z zobniškim prenosom z valjastimi zobniki zmanjša širino prenosa, na račun tega pa omogoča pridobitev dodatne delovne širine. V konkretnem primeru je širina prenosa zmanjšana iz približno 20 cm na približno 4,5 cm, kar pomeni, da bo zahtevam pravilnika ustrezal ne le mulčer z delovno širino 280 cm, temveč tudi mulčer z delovno širino 300 cm, saj ne bo presegal največje dovoljene širine na cesti, ki je 306 cm.— Reducing the width of the transmission or increasing the working width of the machine: replacing the belt with a gear transmission with cylindrical gears reduces the width of the transmission, but at the expense of this, it allows to obtain an additional working width. In the specific case, the transmission width is reduced from approximately 20 cm to approximately 4.5 cm, which means that not only a mulcher with a working width of 280 cm, but also a mulcher with a working width of 300 cm will meet the requirements of the regulations, as it will not exceed the maximum allowed width on the road, which is 306 cm.
— Manjša izguba moči in posledično manjša poraba goriva v primerjavi z jermenskim prenosom: zobniški prenos ima 3% - 4% manjše izgube moči v primerjavi z jermenskim prenosom. Pri jermenskem prenosu prihaja do drsenja jermenov in do večje generacije toplote, kar se odraža v večjih izgubah moči. Pri zobniškem prenosu na drugi strani zobniki z ubiranjem zob povzročajo manj trenja in je zaradi tega izkoristek večji. Če predpostavimo, da traktor za pogon mulčerja porablja 65 kW moči, to pomeni precejšen prihranek moči (2,2 kW). Posledično je manjša tudi poraba goriva.— Less power loss and consequently less fuel consumption compared to belt transmission: gear transmission has 3% - 4% less power loss compared to belt transmission. In the case of belt transmission, the belts slip and generate more heat, which is reflected in greater power losses. In the gear transmission, on the other hand, the gears cause less friction by removing the teeth and, as a result, the efficiency is higher. If we assume that the tractor uses 65 kW of power to drive the mulcher, this represents a considerable power saving (2.2 kW). As a result, fuel consumption is also lower.
- Večja vzdržljivost stroja: pri doslej poznani rešitvi se zaradi drsenja jermenov ustvarja več toplote, zaradi prekomernega gretja pa lahko pride tudi do zdrsa jermenov. Prednost izuma, pri katerem ne prihaja do zdrsa, je možnost delovanja v težjih delovnih pogojih in večja vzdržljivost stroja. V praksi to pomeni tudi, da so delovne hitrosti lahko višje.- Greater durability of the machine: with the solution known so far, more heat is generated due to the sliding of the belts, and excessive heating may also cause the belts to slip. The advantage of the non-slip invention is the possibility of operation in difficult working conditions and greater durability of the machine. In practice, this also means that working speeds can be higher.
Zmanjšana potreba po vzdrževanju stroja in tudi sicer lažje vzdrževanje: Zobniški prenos zahteva manj vzdrževanja, saj je predpisana le menjava olja, medtem ko je treba jermene v življenjskem ciklu stroja običajno menjati večkrat. Tudi, če je treba zamenjati le en jermen, se mora zamenjati vse hkrati. Zobniki imajo namreč daljšo življenjsko dobo kot sam stroj. Menjava olja je tudi cenejša in hitrejša kot menjava jermenov.Reduced need for machine maintenance and also easier maintenance: The gear transmission requires less maintenance, as only oil changes are prescribed, while belts usually need to be changed several times during the life cycle of the machine. Also, if only one belt needs to be replaced, all must be replaced at the same time. Gears have a longer lifespan than the machine itself. Changing oil is also cheaper and faster than changing belts.
- Že omenjeno dvojno varovanje pred preobremenitvami in manjša možnost poškodb traktorja oziroma rotorja.- The already mentioned double protection against overloads and less possibility of damage to the tractor or the rotor.
Opisana zasnova mulčerja je še posebno primerna za traktorske mulčerje.The described design of the mulcher is especially suitable for tractor mulchers.
Mulčer s povečano delovno širino po izumu bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujejo:The mulcher with an increased working width according to the invention will be described in more detail below with the help of an example and pictures showing:
Slika 1 Mulčer po izvedbenem primeruFigure 1 Mulcher according to the implementation example
Slika 2 Prečni prerez zobniškega gonila z ohišjemFig. 2 Cross-section of gear unit with housing
Slika 3 Povezava zobniškega gonila z rotorjemFigure 3 Connection of the gear unit with the rotor
Kot prikazuje slika 1, mulčer po izvedbenem primeru obsega:As shown in Figure 1, the mulcher, according to the implementation example, comprises:
- ohišje mulčerja 8, znotraj katerega je vrtljivo nameščen rotor 7 s kladivi 7a,- the casing of the mulcher 8, inside which the rotor 7 with hammers 7a is rotatably mounted,
- kotno gonilo 1, nameščeno na ohišju mulčerja 8, za prenos vrtilnega momenta iz kardanske gredi, ko je le-ta priklopljena, na drugo kardansko gred 2,- angle gear 1, installed on the mulcher housing 8, for transferring torque from the cardan shaft, when it is connected, to another cardan shaft 2,
- drugo kardansko gred 2, ki je na enem koncu povezana na omenjeno kotno gonilo 1, na drugem koncu pa na zgornjega 4 izmed treh zobnikov zobniškega gonila,- the second cardan shaft 2, which is connected at one end to the mentioned angle gear 1, and at the other end to the upper 4 of the three gears of the gear gear,
- zobniško gonilo, ki vključuje tri zobnike 4, 5, 6, ki so med seboj v kontaktu in so vertikalno razporejeni, pri čemer je najbolj spodnji zobnik 6 povezan na rotor 7 s kladivi 7a,- gear train, which includes three gears 4, 5, 6, which are in contact with each other and are arranged vertically, with the lowest gear 6 connected to the rotor 7 with hammers 7a,
- strižno sklopko 3, ki je nameščena na drugi kardanski gredi 2,- shear clutch 3, which is mounted on the second cardan shaft 2,
- čelni moznik 9 (viden na sliki 3), ki je nameščen med najbolj spodnjim zobnikom 6 in rotorjem 7 ter je pred izpadom zavarovan s pomočjo vskočnika 10 (viden na sliki 3).- front dowel 9 (seen in figure 3), which is placed between the lowermost gear 6 and the rotor 7 and is secured against falling out with the help of a spring pin 10 (seen in figure 3).
Vrtilni moment se s kotnega gonila 1 preko druge kardanske gredi 2 prenese na prvi zobnik 4. Na kardanski gredi 2 se nahaja strižna sklopka 3, ki zagotavlja prvo varovanje pred preobremenitvami. V primeru prevelikega momenta odstriže vijak na sklopki in kardanska gred 2 se vrti v prazno. Nato se vrtilni moment preko prvega zobnika 4, drugega zobnika 5 in tretjega zobnika 6 prenese na rotor 7 s kladivi 7a. Med tretjim zobnikom 6 in rotorjem 7 se nahaja čelni moznik 9, ki prav tako zagotavlja varovanje pred preobremenitvami. Rotor 7 nato s kladivi 7a udarja po masi in zmanjšuje njeno velikost.The torque is transferred from the angle gear 1 via the second cardan shaft 2 to the first gear 4. The shear clutch 3 is located on the cardan shaft 2, which provides the first protection against overloads. In the case of excessive torque, the bolt on the clutch shears off and cardan shaft 2 spins in idle. Then, the torque is transferred to the rotor 7 with the hammers 7a via the first gear 4, the second gear 5 and the third gear 6. Between the third gear 6 and the rotor 7 there is a front dowel 9, which also provides protection against overloads. The rotor 7 then hits the mass with the hammers 7a and reduces its size.
Zobniško gonilo je zasnovano tako, da ima čim manjšo širino. Prečni prerez zobniškega gonila na sliki 2 prikazuje, da imata spodnji in zgornji zobnik 4 in 6 potopljene ležaje 4' in 6' na levi strani ohišja, kar zmanjša debelino celotnega prenosa, pri čemer so boki zob od samega ohišja prednostno oddaljeni le 5 mm. Omenjena zobnika sta podaljšana v desno stran, da sta vsak lahko vpeta še preko desnega ležaja 4 in 6. Srednji zobnik 5 je uležajen le z enim ležajem 5' na sredini, dodatni ležaj ni potreben, saj preostala dva zobnika omogočata stabilnost srednjega zobnika. Čelni moznik 9 zavzame minimalen prostor, zato ne zahteva aksialne širitve in tako omogoča vitko zasnovo ohišja zobniškega prenosa.The gear is designed to have the smallest possible width. The cross-section of the pinion gear in Figure 2 shows that the lower and upper gears 4 and 6 have sunken bearings 4' and 6' on the left side of the housing, which reduces the thickness of the overall transmission, with the flanks of the teeth preferably only 5 mm from the housing itself. The mentioned gears are extended to the right side so that they can each be engaged via the right bearing 4 and 6. The middle gear 5 is supported by only one bearing 5' in the middle, an additional bearing is not needed, as the remaining two gears enable the stability of the middle gear. The front dowel 9 takes up minimal space, so it does not require axial expansion and thus enables a slim design of the gear transmission housing.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202200197A SI26400A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | Mulcher with increased working width |
| EP23197284.5A EP4338567A1 (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2023-09-13 | A flail mower with an increased working width |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202200197A SI26400A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | Mulcher with increased working width |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| SI26400A true SI26400A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| SI202200197A SI26400A (en) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | Mulcher with increased working width |
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| EP (1) | EP4338567A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI26400A (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2427743A1 (en) * | 1974-06-06 | 1975-12-18 | Bermatingen Maschf | Tractor towed mulching machine with chassis in which is beater-shaft - has blades on beater-shaft which can rotate in both directions at variable speeds |
| ES1005925Y (en) | 1987-08-27 | 1989-07-01 | Vidal Casado Maurilio | BRUSH CUTTER, PERFECTED |
| FR2809593B1 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2005-04-08 | Bugnot Ets | FORESTER MILL ADAPTABLE ON HITCH THREE TRACTOR POINTS |
| IT1401866B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2013-08-28 | Seppi M S P A | WOODEN MILLING MACHINE. |
| DE102010052469A1 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Rögelberg Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Gear arrangement for an agricultural implement and associated implement |
| CN105638257A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-08 | 邓军科 | Branch pulverizer for gardens |
-
2022
- 2022-09-14 SI SI202200197A patent/SI26400A/en active IP Right Grant
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2023
- 2023-09-13 EP EP23197284.5A patent/EP4338567A1/en active Pending
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| EP4338567A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
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