SI26266A

SI26266A - System for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch

Info

Publication number: SI26266A
Application number: SI202100198A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Franc Pišek
Original assignee: PIŠEK - VITLI KRPAN, d.o.o.
Priority date: 2021-11-08
Filing date: 2021-11-08
Publication date: 2023-05-31
Also published as: WO2023080851A1

Abstract

Izum sodi na področje strojništva, natančneje na področje gozdarskih vitlov. Izum se nanaša na sistem za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile vitla. Bistvo izuma je v tem, daje za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile na bobnu vitla predviden premičen potisni valjček, ki je nameščen na nosilcu, ki je vrtljivo vpet na ohišju vitla. Valjček se med navijanjem žične vrvi po plasteh na boben vrti po naviti vrvi in odmika, dokler ni boben polno navit. Valjček je povezan s Hallovim senzorjem kota, ki je prilagojen za zaznavanje pozicije valjčka, prednostno se magnet Hallovega senzorja vrti skupaj z osjo in nosilcem valjčka in meri kot valjčka glede na ohišje vitla, kjer je nameščen Hallov senzor s polprevodniškim vezjem, ki zaznava magnetno polje magneta na osi. Trenutno pozicijo valjčka na podlagi informacije iz Hallovega senzorja odčita krmilnik in na podlagi izmerjene vrednosti dodeli tlačnemu senzorju ustrezno velik električni signal za spremembo tlaka sklopke vitla.The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, more precisely to the field of forestry winches. The invention relates to a system for ensuring a constant pulling force of a winch. The essence of the invention is that in order to ensure a constant pulling force on the winch drum, a movable push roller is provided, which is mounted on a support that is rotatably clamped on the winch housing. While winding the wire rope in layers onto the drum, the roller rotates on the wound rope and moves away until the drum is fully wound. The roller is connected to a Hall angle sensor adapted to detect the position of the roller, preferably the magnet of the Hall sensor rotates together with the axis and the support of the roller and measures the angle of the roller with respect to the winch housing, where a Hall sensor is installed with a semiconductor circuit that detects the magnetic field magnet on the axis. The controller reads the current position of the roller based on the information from the Hall sensor and, based on the measured value, assigns the pressure sensor an appropriately large electrical signal to change the pressure of the winch clutch.

Description

Sistem za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile vitlaA system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Izum sodi na področje strojništva, natančneje na področje gozdarskih vitlov ter mehanizmov za kontrolo vlečne sile vitla. Izum se nanaša na sistem za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile vitla.The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, more specifically to the field of forestry winches and winch traction control mechanisms. The invention relates to a system for ensuring a constant pulling force of a winch.

Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem

Ko je vitel v uporabi, se premer navite žične vrvi na bobnu spreminja v odvisnosti od števila plasti navite žične vrvi, kar posledično vpliva na spremembo vlečne sile vitla. Pri uporabi vitla lahko pride do situacije, da je potrebno regulirati vlečno silo glede na nastalo situacijo pri delovnem procesu. Če vitlu pada vlečna sila z naraščanjem radija vrvi na bobnu vse do te mere, da sila upora presega vlečno silo, se breme ustavi, ker začnejo lamele sklopke drseti, kar je v praksi problematično. Sodobni profesionalni vitli so zasnovani tako, da se sila vlečenja med tem, ko se vrv navija na boben iz manjšega na večji premer, bistveno ne spreminja, kar omogoča optimalno delovanje sklopke. Takšni vitli so poimenovani kot vitli s konstantno vlečno silo, ki se jo lahko zagotovi na različne načine. Znane rešitve imajo slabost, da jih ni enostavno nastaviti. Poleg tega so gabaritno obsežne, kar predstavlja dodatno težavo pri doseganju kompaktnosti.When the winch is in use, the diameter of the wound wire rope on the drum changes depending on the number of layers of the wound wire rope, which in turn affects the change in the pulling force of the winch. When using a winch, there may be a situation where it is necessary to regulate the pulling force according to the situation in the work process. If the pulling force of the winch decreases as the rope radius on the drum increases to the point that the drag force exceeds the pulling force, the load stops because the clutch plates begin to slip, which is problematic in practice. Modern professional winches are designed in such a way that the pulling force does not change significantly while the rope is being wound onto the drum from a smaller to a larger diameter, which enables the clutch to function optimally. Such winches are referred to as winches with a constant pulling force, which can be provided in various ways. Known solutions have the disadvantage that they are not easy to set up. In addition, they are bulky in terms of dimensions, which presents an additional problem in achieving compactness.

Tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, je torej konstrukcija kompaktnega sistema za krmiljenje in upravljanje navijalnega bobna vitla, ki bo omogočal ohranjanje konstantne vlečne sile vitla. Naloga izuma je konstrukcijska razporeditev posameznih funkcionalnih elementov vitla, kar bo omogočalo vzdrževanje konstantne vlečne sile vitla tudi, ko je na bobnu vitla navita cela vlečna vrv ali pa je skoraj cela odvita.The technical problem that the present invention solves is therefore the construction of a compact system for controlling and managing the winding drum of the winch, which will make it possible to maintain a constant pulling force of the winch. The task of the invention is the structural arrangement of the individual functional elements of the winch, which will enable the maintenance of a constant pulling force of the winch even when the entire towing rope is wound on the winch drum or almost completely unwound.

Stanje tehnikeState of the art

Vitel, ki je opisan v patentni prijavi EP 2 565 144, obsega pogonsko gred, vrvni boben za navijanje vrvi, sklopko bobna za prenos vrtilnega gibanja pogonske gredi na vrvni boben, zavoro bobna za zaviranje vrvnega bobna in odvodno napravo vrvi z vsaj eno vrvenico. Vrvenico je moč poganjati za odvijanje vrvi in preko transmisije, ki ima sklopko odvoda vrvi, pri čemer je vrvenica povezana s pogonsko gredjo. Izum je značilen po tem, da se sklopka odvoda vrvi tvori s sklopko, ki se aktivira hidravlično. Rešitev se razlikuje od pričujočega izuma, kjer je sicer hidravlično krmiljen mehanizem vključen v zagotavljanje mehanskega odmika ročic v cilju ohranjanja skoraj konstantne vlečne sile vitla.The winch, which is described in patent application EP 2 565 144, comprises a drive shaft, a rope drum for winding the rope, a drum clutch for transferring the rotational movement of the drive shaft to the rope drum, a drum brake for braking the rope drum and a rope discharge device with at least one rope. The rope can be driven to unwind the rope and via a transmission that has a rope take-off clutch, where the rope is connected to the drive shaft. The invention is characterized by the fact that the rope take-off clutch is formed by a hydraulically actuated clutch. The solution differs from the present invention, where a hydraulically controlled mechanism is involved in providing a mechanical displacement of the levers in order to maintain an almost constant pulling force of the winch.

Po slovenskem patentu št. 24108 je znana rešitev gozdarskega vitla, pri katerem navijanje vrvi poteka na kontroliran način, tako da so ovoji vrvi na površini navijalnega bobna razporejeni drug ob drugem in brez medsebojnega križanja in prekrivanja, obenem pa je preprečena preobremenitev vlečne vrvi in ostalih elementov pogonskega sklopa vitla zaradi vleke pretežkega bremena. Vitel je v ta namen v območju med zgornjim škripcem in navijalnim bobnom opremljen z okoli vertikalne geometrijske osi prosto vrtljivim ali vsaj za ustrezen kot zasukljivim usmerjevalnim sklopom, ki po izbiri vključuje dinamometer za merjenje natezne sile v vlečni vrvi, tako daje tudi pogon bobna lahko krmiljen v odvisnosti od vsakokrat izmerjene obremenitve vlečne vrvi.According to Slovenian patent no. 24108 is a well-known forestry winch solution, in which the winding of the rope takes place in a controlled manner, so that the rope wraps on the surface of the winding drum are arranged next to each other and without crossing or overlapping each other, and at the same time, overloading of the pulling rope and other elements of the winch drive assembly is prevented due to pulling a heavy load. For this purpose, in the area between the upper pulley and the winding drum, the winch is equipped with a steering assembly that rotates freely around the vertical geometric axis or at least can be rotated to a suitable angle, which optionally includes a dynamometer for measuring the tension force in the pulling rope, so that the drive of the drum can also be controlled depending on the load of the towing rope measured each time.

Mehansko-hidravlični sistem z regulatorjem tlaka za ohranjanje konstantne moči vlečne sile vitla, kot je opisan v patentu EP 3 093 264 vključuje boben, vrv, regulator pritiska, sklopko, ki vključuje hidravlični cilinder, in je značilen po tem, da nadalje vključuje potisni valj nameščen na vilice, vzmet in drog, pri čemer se potisni valj ob navijanju vsake nove plasti vlečne vrvi na boben vitla odmakne. Pri tem se zasuka os vilic, ki nosijo potisni valj, njihov zasuk pa povzroči premik droga, ki za eno stopnjo potisne bat regulatorja tlaka, kar povzroči zvišanje tlaka olja, ki povzroči povečanje potiska bata cilindra na regulator pritiska za en korak, kar povzroči povišanje pritiska olja, kar poviša pritisk bata cilindra na sklopko. Posledično se poveča moment bobna. Razdalje »e«, »f« in »g« se spreminjajo z vsakim premikom potisnega valja oziroma osi vilic, zaradi nove plasti vlečne vrvi na bobnu in posledično premični deli nastavkov zapirajo ali odpirajo regulator tlaka, kar poveča ali zmanjša tlak olja v hidravličnem sistemu, pri čemer je razdalja »e« razdalja med središčnico osi in mestom v utoru, kjer je fiksiran prvi del droga, in je razdalja »f« dolžina droga, namreč razdalja med prvim delom droga in središčnice vpetja drugega dela droga v nosilec, ki je v kontaktu z batom regulatorja pritiska, in je razdalja »g« razdalja med središčnico osi, kamor je vpet spodnji del nastavka, in središčnico zgornjega dela nastavka, kamor je vpeta prednapeta vzmet, ki vleče vilice in s tem pritiska potisni valj na boben (30). V skladu s spreminjanjem razdalj »e«, »f« in »g« in direktno povezanih vilic potisnega valja, vzmeti in droga se ohranja skoraj konstantna vlečna sila vitlaA mechanical-hydraulic system with a pressure regulator for maintaining a constant traction power of a winch as described in the patent EP 3 093 264 includes a drum, a rope, a pressure regulator, a clutch which includes a hydraulic cylinder and is characterized in that it further includes a thrust roller mounted on the fork, spring and pole, with the push roller moving away as each new layer of drag rope is wound onto the winch drum. This rotates the axis of the forks that carry the thrust cylinder, and their rotation causes the movement of the rod, which pushes the piston of the pressure regulator by one step, which causes an increase in oil pressure, which causes an increase in the thrust of the cylinder piston on the pressure regulator by one step, which causes an increase oil pressure, which increases the pressure of the cylinder piston on the clutch. As a result, the torque of the drum increases. The distances "e", "f" and "g" change with each movement of the push cylinder or fork axis, due to the new layer of the traction rope on the drum, and consequently the moving parts of the attachments close or open the pressure regulator, which increases or decreases the oil pressure in the hydraulic system , where the distance "e" is the distance between the centerline of the axle and the place in the groove where the first part of the pole is fixed, and the distance "f" is the length of the pole, namely the distance between the first part of the pole and the centerline of the attachment of the second part of the pole to the support, which is in contact with the piston of the pressure regulator, and the distance "g" is the distance between the centerline of the axle, where the lower part of the attachment is clamped, and the centerline of the upper part of the attachment, where the pre-tensioned spring is clamped, which pulls the fork and thus presses the push cylinder on the drum (30 ). In accordance with changing the distances "e", "f" and "g" and the directly connected forks of the thrust cylinder, spring and rod, the pulling force of the winch is maintained almost constant

Znane rešitve iz prakse ne rešujejo tehničnega problema na način, kot ga rešuje pričujoči izum, poleg tega pa zahteva kompleksne nastavitve ter veliko prostora.Known solutions from practice do not solve the technical problem in the way that the present invention solves, and in addition, they require complex settings and a lot of space.

Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem

Znana rešitev iz patenta EP 3 093 264 je sicer učinkovita, vendar pa je sistem kompleksen. Zato je glavni cilj izuma poenostavitev sistema za zagotavljanje konstantne moči vitla ne glede na količino navite vrvi na bobnu. Zaželeno je tudi, da je konstrukcija sistema takšna, da je njegovo krmiljenje možno izvesti s pomočjo enotnega krmilnika vitla, ki nadzoruje vse funkcije vitla.The known solution from patent EP 3 093 264 is effective, but the system is complex. Therefore, the main objective of the invention is to simplify the system for ensuring constant winch power regardless of the amount of wound rope on the drum. It is also desirable that the construction of the system is such that its control can be carried out with the help of a single winch controller that controls all functions of the winch.

Bistvo sistema za ohranjanje konstantne moči vlečne sile vitla je v tem, da je za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile na bobnu vitla predviden premičen potisni valjček, ki je nameščen na nosilcu, ki je preko osi vrtljivo vpet na ohišju vitla. Vrteči valjček se med navijanjem žične vrvi po plasteh na boben vrti po naviti vrvi in odmika, dokler ni boben polno navit. Kot valjčka se glede na omenjeno ohišje vitla spreminja ob navijanju ali odvijanju vrvi. Več kot je navite vrvi na bobnu, bolj je valjček skupaj s svojim nosilcem odmaknjen od bobna. Valjček je povezan s Hallovim senzorjem kota, ki zaznava kot valjčka in/ali nosilca glede na ohišje vitla. Hallov senzor je brezkontaktni senzor magnetnega pola, sestavljen je iz plastičnega ohišja, elektronskega mikrovezja in permanentnega magneta. Hallov senzor je sicer pritrjen fiksno na ohišje vitla s pomočjo vijačenja ali podobnega načina pritrjevanja, kabel, ki povezuje senzor s krmilnikom vitla pa je nameščen na primeren način po ohišju vitla. Tako je kabel zavarovan pred morebitnimi poškodbami. Če bi bil Hallov senzor premično nameščen, bi se kabel lahko poškodoval zaradi premikov, kar pa iz vidika zanesljivosti delovanja ni zaželeno, ali pa bi zaradi zavarovanja kabla potreboval kompleksnejšo rešitev, kar prav tako ni zaželeno. Permanentni magnet je običajno nameščen skupaj s svojim plastičnim ohišjem na katerikoli primeren način. Pri premiku valjčka se premakne tudi magnet, pri čemer polprevodniško mikrovezje senzorja zazna magnetno polje pri vrtenju magneta. Pri tem se na izhodu pojavi napetost, ki je proporcionalna moči magnetnega polja. Omenjeni magnet je nameščen na osi ali na nosilcu omenjenega valjčka. Možnih je namreč več izvedb:The essence of the system for maintaining a constant traction force of the winch is that, to ensure a constant traction force on the winch drum, a movable thrust roller is provided, which is mounted on a support that is rotatably clamped on the winch housing via the axis. While winding the wire rope in layers onto the drum, the rotating roller rotates on the wound rope and moves away until the drum is fully wound. Depending on the mentioned winch housing, the angle of the roller changes when winding or unwinding the rope. The more ropes are wound on the drum, the more the roller together with its support is moved away from the drum. The roller is connected to a Hall angle sensor that detects the angle of the roller and/or carrier relative to the winch housing. The Hall sensor is a non-contact magnetic pole sensor, consisting of a plastic housing, an electronic microcircuit and a permanent magnet. The Hall sensor is otherwise fixed to the winch housing by means of screws or a similar method of attachment, and the cable connecting the sensor to the winch controller is installed in a suitable way after the winch housing. Thus, the cable is protected against possible damage. If the Hall sensor were to be moved, the cable could be damaged due to movements, which is not desirable from the point of view of operational reliability, or it would require a more complex solution to secure the cable, which is also not desirable. The permanent magnet is usually mounted together with its plastic housing in any convenient way. When the roller moves, the magnet also moves, and the semiconductor microcircuit of the sensor detects the magnetic field when the magnet rotates. In this case, a voltage appears at the output that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. Said magnet is mounted on the axis or on the support of said roller. Several implementations are possible:

- Os je lahko fiksno vpeta v ohišje vitla, nosilec pa je vrtljiv okoli osi, pri čemer se magnet Hallovega senzorja namesti na nosilec blizu osi, tako da lahko njegovo polje zaznava mikrovezje fiksno nameščeno na ohišju vitla blizu ali na enem koncu omenjene osi; ali- The axis can be fixedly clamped in the winch housing, and the support is rotatable around the axis, whereby the magnet of the Hall sensor is placed on the support near the axis, so that its field can be detected by a microcircuit fixedly placed on the winch housing near or at one end of said axis; or

- pa je os vrtljivo vpeta v ohišje vitla, v tem primeru pa je nosilec fiksno povezan z osjo ter se posledično os in nosilec vrtita skupaj, pri čemer je magnet nameščen na osi in je senzor je nameščen na ohišju vitla na koncu osi.- the axle is rotatably clamped into the winch housing, and in this case the bracket is fixedly connected to the axle and as a result the axle and the bracket rotate together, with the magnet mounted on the axle and the sensor mounted on the winch housing at the end of the axle.

Tako zasnovan sistem lahko meri kot valjčka glede na ohišje vitla, kjer je pritrjen Hallov senzor, ter preko zaznanega magnetnega polja Hallov senzor sporoči krmilniku stanje navitosti vrvi na bobnu.The system designed in this way can measure the angle of the roller relative to the winch housing, where the Hall sensor is attached, and through the detected magnetic field, the Hall sensor informs the controller of the state of the winding of the rope on the drum.

Ko pride do spremembe lege valjčka senzor pošlje v krmilnik napetost, ki je sorazmerna zasuku magneta, ki na podlagi izmerjene vrednosti dodeli tlačnemu ventilu, prednostno proporcionalnemu tlačnemu ventilu, ustrezno velik električni signal za spremembo tlaka, s katerim sklopka pritisne na boben. Ko je valjček odprt za maksimalni kot, se tlak poveča na najvišjo vrednost, ko pa je valjček na minimalnem odklonu, je tlak najmanjši. Maksimalna in minimalna vrednost sta sprogramirani v krmilniku glede na dimenzije bobna. Kalibracija poteka kar preko krmilnika, kar poenostavi upravljanje s sistemom. Z uporabo Hallovega senzorja kota je torej omogočeno natančno spremljanje spremembe premera navite žične vrvi na bobnu in s tem natančna regulacija konstantne vlečne sile. Hallov senzor je najbolj primeren senzor izmed nabora možnih senzorjev, saj je dovolj natančen, hkrati pa neobčutljiv na umazanijo, razne tekočine in velike temperaturne spremembe. Njegovo delovanje posledično ni občutljivo na zunanje pogoje, ki se pojavljajo pri delu z vitlom v gozdu.When there is a change in the position of the roller, the sensor sends a voltage to the controller that is proportional to the rotation of the magnet, which, based on the measured value, assigns the pressure valve, preferably a proportional pressure valve, an appropriately large electrical signal to change the pressure with which the clutch presses on the drum. When the roller is open to the maximum angle, the pressure increases to the maximum value, but when the roller is at the minimum deflection, the pressure is the smallest. The maximum and minimum values are programmed in the controller according to the dimensions of the drum. Calibration takes place via the controller, which simplifies system management. By using the Hall angle sensor, it is therefore possible to precisely monitor the change in the diameter of the coiled wire rope on the drum and thus precisely regulate the constant pulling force. The Hall sensor is the most suitable sensor from the range of possible sensors, as it is sufficiently accurate, but at the same time insensitive to dirt, various liquids and large temperature changes. As a result, its operation is not sensitive to the external conditions that occur when working with a winch in the forest.

Nadalje, uporaba Hallovega senzorja omogoča tudi dodatne varnostne funkcije, da ne pride do poškodbe žične vrvi, uhajanja bremena in zastojev stroja. Z zaznavanjem prve ovite plasti žične vrvi se namreč lahko definira izklop vlečenja vitla, da se vrv ne odvije do konca iz bobna in izpuli iz vpetja. Ker ima vitel prednostno že vgrajen sistem za merjenje hitrosti in smeri vrtenja bobna, se lahko tako zelo natančno določi kdaj naj pride do izklopa vlečenja, da se prepreči popolno odvitje vrvi. Druga varnostna funkcija, ki se jo doseže z vgrajenim Hallovim senzorjem kota, pa je zaznavanje zunanjega premera polno navitega bobna. Vlečenje vitla se ustavi nad premerom navitja žične vrvi, ki je večji od premera, ki je vnesen v krmilnik. Na ta način je onemogočeno prekomerno navijanje žične vrvi. Do izklopa vlečenja pride tudi v primeru, da se vrv kopiči na enem delu bobna, ko je presežen maksimalni definiran premer navitja.Furthermore, the use of the Hall sensor also enables additional safety features to prevent wire rope damage, load leakage and machine jams. By detecting the first wrapped layer of the wire rope, it is possible to define the shutdown of the winch pulling, so that the rope does not fully unwind from the drum and pull out of the clamp. Since the winch preferably already has a built-in system for measuring the speed and direction of rotation of the drum, it can be determined very precisely when the traction should be switched off, in order to prevent the complete unwinding of the rope. Another safety function achieved with the built-in Hall angle sensor is the detection of the outer diameter of the fully wound drum. The winch pull stops above a wire rope winding diameter greater than the diameter entered into the controller. In this way, excessive winding of the wire rope is prevented. Traction shut-off also occurs if the rope accumulates on one part of the drum, when the maximum defined winding diameter is exceeded.

Sistem, kot je bil opisan zgoraj, je enostaven, z majhnim številom komponent in kompakten, tako da se lahko vgradi v katerikoli vitel.The system as described above is simple, with a small number of components and compact, so that it can be installed in any winch.

Kot alternativa Hallovemu senzorju se lahko uporabi tudi ustrezno nameščen potenciometer, merilna letev ali inkrementalni enkoder. Pri uporabi merilne letve je letev montirana tako, da se pretvori krožno gibanje nosilca potisnega valja v linearno, ki se ga lahko izmeri s pomočjo merilne letve. Pretvorba gibanja se lahko izvede na katerikoli način znan strokovnjaku na področju. Na primer, lahko se izvede tako, da se na vrtišče nosila potisnega valja namesti majhen škripec na katerega se namesti žično vrv, ki se na izhodu giblje linearno in vrača s pomočjo vzmeti. Na žično vrv je vpet element, ki ga zazna merilna letev.As an alternative to the Hall sensor, a suitably positioned potentiometer, measuring rod or incremental encoder can also be used. When using a measuring bar, the bar is mounted in such a way that the circular movement of the push roller carrier is converted into a linear one, which can be measured with the help of the measuring bar. The motion conversion can be performed in any manner known to one skilled in the art. For example, it can be done by installing a small pulley on the pivot of the support of the push roller, on which a wire rope is installed, which moves linearly at the exit and returns with the help of a spring. An element is attached to the wire rope, which is detected by the measuring bar.

Sistem za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile vitla bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujeta:The system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch will be described in more detail below with the help of an implementation example and pictures showing:

Slika 1 sestava in elementi sistema za zagotavljanje konstantne vlečne sile Slika 2 Prečni prerez osi in Hallovega senzorjaFigure 1 composition and elements of the system for ensuring constant traction force Figure 2 Cross-section of the axis and the Hall sensor

Na boben 1 se navija oziroma se iz njega odvija vlečna vrv vitla. Za boljše navijanje vrvi na boben 1 je predviden potisni valj 2, ki je vrtljivo vpet, prednostno kroglično uležajen na nosilcu 3. Nosilec 3 je vpet v osi 6, tako da se lahko skupaj z osjo premika tako kot prikazuje puščica na sliki 1, torej proti bobnu ali stran od njega, odvisno od količine vrvi, ki je navita na boben 1. Os 6 je vrtljivo vpeta na ohišje vitla. Na eni strani osi 6 je pritrjen nosilec 4 Hallovega senzorja 5, os 6 nosilca 3 potisnega valja 2 pa je direktno povezana z magnetom 5a Hallovega senzorja 5. Sam Hallov senzor 5 je fiksno pritrjen, prednostno privit na nosilec 4 ter ohišje vitla. Nosilec 4 senzorja 5 je fiksno pritrjen na ogrodje vitla, hkrati je na nosilec 4 vrtljivo vpet tudi nosilec 3 potisnega valja 2. Del 3a nosilca 3 je predviden za vpetje vzmeti (ni na sliki), ki pritiska potisni valj 2 na boben. Vrv, ki se navija na boben, izhaja med bobnom in potisnim valjčkom navpično navzgor.The winch rope is wound on drum 1 or unwound from it. For better winding of the rope on the drum 1, a thrust cylinder 2 is provided, which is rotatably mounted, preferably ball-bearing on the support 3. The support 3 is engaged in the axis 6, so that it can move together with the axis as shown by the arrow in Figure 1, i.e. towards the drum or away from it, depending on the amount of rope wound on the drum 1. Axis 6 is rotatably clamped to the winch housing. On one side of the axis 6, the support 4 of the Hall sensor 5 is attached, and the axis 6 of the support 3 of the thrust cylinder 2 is directly connected to the magnet 5a of the Hall sensor 5. The Hall sensor 5 itself is fixed, preferably screwed to the support 4 and the winch housing. The bracket 4 of the sensor 5 is fixedly attached to the frame of the winch, at the same time the bracket 3 of the push cylinder 2 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 4. Part 3a of the bracket 3 is intended for mounting a spring (not shown) that presses the push cylinder 2 on the drum. The rope that is wound on the drum emerges vertically upwards between the drum and the push roller.

Potisni valj 2 ima funkcijo tipala o količini navitih plasti žične vrvi na bobnu 1, njegova pozicija pa se zaznava s Hallovim senzorjem 5, katerega napetost povezana z zaznanim magnetnim poljem odčitava krmilnik, ki ustrezno prilagaja električni signal za tlačni ventil, ki uravnava spremembo tlaka sklopke.The push roller 2 has the function of a sensor on the amount of wound layers of the wire rope on the drum 1, and its position is detected by the Hall sensor 5, whose voltage related to the detected magnetic field is read by the controller, which accordingly adjusts the electrical signal for the pressure valve, which regulates the change in clutch pressure .

Slika 2 prikazuje prečni prerez osi 6 in Hallovega senzorja 5 z magnetom 5a, ki je nameščen neposredno na enem koncu osi 6, tako da se lahko vrti skupaj z njo. Magnet 5a obdaja nosilec 4, ki je fiksno pritrjen in se ne vrti skupaj z osjo, s čemer je magnet 5a zavarovan pred izpadom iz osi 6. Na nosilcu 4 je nameščen Hallov senzor 5 s svojim ohišjem in polprevodniškim vezjem, ki zaznava magnetno polje, ki ga v odvisnosti od vrtenja osi 6 in s tem nosilca 3 s potisnim valjčkom 2 ustvarja magnet 5a. Na levi strani senzorja 5 izhaja kabel ali ožičenje (ni na sliki), ki povezuje senzor s krmilnikom. Krmilnik ima nastavljeno maksimalno in minimalno vrednost tlaka sklopke na boben, vse vmesne vrednosti pa se prilagajajo glede na zaznano pozicijo potisnega valjčka 2, ki je odvisna od količine navite vrvi na bobnu 1.Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the axis 6 and the Hall sensor 5 with a magnet 5a mounted directly at one end of the axis 6 so that it can rotate with it. The magnet 5a surrounds the support 4, which is fixed and does not rotate together with the axis, which prevents the magnet 5a from falling out of the axis 6. The Hall sensor 5 is mounted on the support 4 with its housing and a semiconductor circuit that detects the magnetic field, which, depending on the rotation of the axis 6 and thus of the support 3 with the push roller 2, is created by the magnet 5a. On the left side of sensor 5 comes a cable or wiring (not shown) that connects the sensor to the controller. The controller has a set maximum and minimum clutch pressure value on the drum, and all intermediate values are adjusted according to the detected position of the push roller 2, which depends on the amount of wound rope on the drum 1.

Claims

1. A system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch, characterized by the fact that the winch drum or the drum tube on which the rope is wound is pressed by a rotating push roller, which is mounted on a support that is rotatably clamped on the winch housing via the axis, at during the winding of the wire rope in layers on the drum, the roller rotates along the wound rope and moves away, and the angle of the roller in relation to the winch body when winding or unwinding the rope is detected by a Hall sensor, potentiometer, measuring bar or incremental encoder, which informs the controller of the state of the winding of the rope on the drum to adjust clutch pressure.

2. A system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch according to claim 1, characterized in that the Hall sensor consists of a plastic housing, an electronic microcircuit and a permanent magnet, the housing with the electronic microcircuit is mounted on the winch housing and the permanent magnet is mounted on the axis or on the support of said roller.

3. The system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch according to claim 2, that the housing with the electronic microcircuit is fixedly attached to the winch housing by means of screwing, and the cable connecting the sensor to the winch controller is placed in a suitable way after the winch housing.

4. A system for ensuring constant pulling force of the winch according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that when the roller moves, the magnet of the Hall sensor also moves, whereby the semiconductor microcircuit of the sensor detects the magnetic field created by the magnet during rotation.

5. A system for providing a constant pulling force of a winch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axle is fixedly clamped in the winch housing and the support is rotatable around the axis, with the magnet of the Hall sensor being placed on the support near the axis so that it can its field is detected by a microcircuit fixedly mounted on the winch housing near or at one end of said axis.

6. A system for ensuring a constant pulling force of a winch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the axle is rotatably clamped into the winch housing, and in this case the support is fixedly connected to the axle and consequently the axle and the support rotate together, with the magnet mounted on the axle and the sensor mounted on the winch housing at the end of the axle.

7. A system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the Hall sensor sends the controller a voltage that is proportional to the rotation of the magnet, based on this, the controller sends an appropriately large electric current to the coil of the pressure valve, preferably the proportional pressure valve to change the pressure with which the clutch presses against the drum.

8. A system for providing a constant pulling force of a winch according to the previous claim, characterized in that the pressure is maximum when the roller is open to the maximum angle and minimum when the roller is at the minimum deflection, the maximum and minimum values being programmed in the controller depending on the dimensions of the drum.

9. A system for ensuring a constant pulling force of the winch according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the Hall sensor also enables additional safety functions to prevent damage to the wire rope, load leakage and machine jams, namely by detecting the first wrapped layer of the wire rope of the rope, by defining the shutdown of the winch pull when one layer of the rope is detected, so that the rope does not fully unwound from the drum and unhooked, and/or prevention of excessive winding of the rope on the drum, so that the Hall sensor detects the maximum outer diameter of the fully wound drum , which stops winch pulling above a wire rope coil diameter greater than the diameter entered into the controller.

10. A winch incorporating a system according to any of the preceding claims.