SI26209A

SI26209A - FIREWOOD SPLITTER WITH ADJUSTABLE PATH OF THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR OPTIMIZING THE SPLITTING CYCLE

Info

Publication number: SI26209A
Application number: SI202100130
Authority: SI
Inventors: Franc Pišek
Original assignee: PIŠEK - VITLI KRPAN, d.o.o.
Filing date: 2021-06-21
Publication date: 2022-12-30

Abstract

Izum spada na področje delovnih strojev, natančneje na področje strojev za cepljenje drv, še posebno na področje delovanja cilindra cepljenja na cepilnih strojih. Izum se nanaša na cepilnik drv z nastavljivo potjo hidravličnega cilindra za določanje dolžine cepilnega cikla. Bistvo izuma je v tem, da omogoča zaustavljanje hidravličnega cilindra v želeni točki in njegovo vračanje. Cilinder je opremljen z ustreznim senzorjem ali stikalom, ki krmilniku podaja informacijo glede pozicije cepilnega cilindra. Omenjeni senzor oziroma stikalo zazna referenčne točke, ki so na plašču, kateri je pritrjen na cilinder in se skupaj s cilindrom pomika naprej in nazaj. Referenčne točke na plašču so lahko luknje, mačja očesa, detekcije na jeklo ali podobno. Krmilnik s pomočjo elektromagnetnega hidravličnega ventila prilagodi hod hidravličnega cilindra glede na uporabnikov izbor želene poti cilindra, ki je odvisna od dolžine hloda oziroma polenThe invention belongs to the field of working machines, more specifically to the field of firewood splitting machines, especially to the field of operation of the splitting cylinder on splitting machines. The invention relates to a wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle. The essence of the invention is that it enables stopping the hydraulic cylinder at the desired point and returning it. The cylinder is equipped with a suitable sensor or switch that provides the controller with information regarding the position of the splitting cylinder. The aforementioned sensor or switch detects the reference points on the jacket, which is attached to the cylinder and moves back and forth together with the cylinder. Reference points on the coat can be holes, cat's eyes, detections on steel or the like. With the help of an electromagnetic hydraulic valve, the controller adjusts the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder according to the user's selection of the desired path of the cylinder, which depends on the length of the log or log

Description

CEPILNIK DRV Z NASTAVLJIVO POTJO HIDRAVLIČNEGA CILINDRA ZA OPTIMIRANJE CEPILNEGA CIKLAFIREWOOD SPLITTER WITH ADJUSTABLE PATH OF THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR OPTIMIZING THE SPLITTING CYCLE

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Izum spada na področje delovnih strojev, natančneje na področje strojev za cepljenje drv, še posebno na področje delovanja cilindra cepljenja na cepilnih strojih. Izum se nanaša na cepilnik drv z nastavljivo potjo hidravličnega cilindra za določanje dolžine cepilnega cikla.The invention belongs to the field of working machines, more specifically to the field of firewood splitting machines, especially to the field of operation of the splitting cylinder on splitting machines. The invention relates to a wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle.

Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem

Cepilniki ali cepilci so mehanske naprave za cepljenje drv, ki se uporabljajo za cepljenje hlodov ali delov hloda na drva primerna za uporabo. Hlodi se lahko razcepijo na posamezne krajše valjaste dele ločeno z uporabo žage ali pa v cepilniku. Cepilno rezilo je lahko pomično ali pa fiksno, pri čemer mora hlod oziroma njegov del proti rezilu potisniti ustrezna potisna plošča ali podoben element. Večinoma je pomik rezila ali potisne plošče izvedeno s pomočjo hidravličnega cilindra, njegova pot iz izhodišča do konca poti (na primer fiksnega rezila) in nazaj pa določa dolžino cepilnega cikla. Težava, ki se pojavi v praksi, je ta, da so polena za razcep na drva različnih dolžin, pot hidravličnega cilindra, pa je vedno enaka ne glede na dolžino polena. Tako v primeru kratkih delov polen hidravlični cilinder opravlja bistveno daljši cepilni cikel kot bi bil potreben, kar podaljšuje delo oziroma niža produktivnost.Splitters or splitters are mechanical firewood splitting devices used to split logs or log parts into usable firewood. Logs can be split into individual shorter cylindrical sections separately using a saw or in a splitter. The splitting blade can be movable or fixed, whereby the log or its part must be pushed towards the blade by a suitable push plate or similar element. In most cases, the movement of the blade or thrust plate is carried out with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, and its path from the starting point to the end of the path (for example, a fixed blade) and back determines the length of the splitting cycle. The problem that arises in practice is that logs for splitting firewood are of different lengths, but the path of the hydraulic cylinder is always the same regardless of the length of the log. Thus, in the case of short sections of logs, the hydraulic cylinder performs a significantly longer splitting cycle than would be necessary, which prolongs the work or lowers productivity.

Tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, je torej zasnova cepilnika drv, ki bo imel izboljšan hod hidravličnega cilindra tako, da se bo želeni hod izbral glede na dolžino polena, s čemer se bo po potrebi skrajšal cikel cepljenja in povišala produktivnost cepilnega stroja.The technical problem that the present invention solves is therefore the design of a firewood splitter, which will have an improved stroke of the hydraulic cylinder so that the desired stroke will be selected according to the length of the log, which will, if necessary, shorten the splitting cycle and increase the productivity of the splitting machine.

Stanje tehnikeState of the art

Patent SI25686 opisuje cepilnik drv z optimizacijo cepilnega cikla, pri čemer ima cepilnik v cepilnem kanalu fiksno nameščen cepilni nož v oddaljenosti najdaljšega žaganca in dodatne dolžine L od hidravlične potisne naprave. V osnovnem položaju je hod hidravlične potisne naprave omejen na dolžino L in posledično krmilnik izvede premik hidravlične potisne naprave le za vrednost L, ki predstavlja referenčno točko. Ko se referenčna točka doseže, se potisna naprava premakne v začetni položaj. Ta rešitev vključuje uporabo merilne letve za merjenje premika potisne plošče glede na referenčno točko. Ta rešitev deluje tako, da se v cepilnem kanalu nahajata vsaj dva polena, pri čemer je prvi lahko že v kontaktu s cepilnim nožem, drugega pa potisne potisna plošča, tako da prvi potuje skozi cepilni nož in se posledično razcepi na drva. Enak princip je bil prikazan tudi na cepilnem stroju proizvajalca Posch, ki je dostopen na naslovu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg5TjOuOrzA.Patent SI25686 describes a wood splitter with optimization of the splitting cycle, whereby the splitter has a fixed splitting knife in the splitting channel at a distance of the longest saw and additional length L from the hydraulic push device. In the basic position, the stroke of the hydraulic thrust device is limited to the length L, and as a result, the controller moves the hydraulic thrust device only by the value L, which represents the reference point. When the reference point is reached, the pusher moves to the starting position. This solution involves using a gauge to measure the displacement of the thrust plate relative to a reference point. This solution works by having at least two logs in the splitting channel, the first one may already be in contact with the splitting knife, and the second one is pushed by the thrust plate so that the first one travels through the splitting knife and is subsequently split into firewood. The same principle was also demonstrated on the Posch splitting machine, which is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg5TjOuOrzA.

Merilne letve v splošnem so draga rešitev, hkrati pa so zelo občutljive na umazanijo, udarce in zvijanja. Delovanje merilne letve uporabljene v rešitvi opisani v SI25686 lahko motijo razne nečistoče. Poleg tega je njihova natančnost nepotrebna, saj se prilagajanje na stotinke milimetra ne uporablja.Measuring tapes are generally an expensive solution, but at the same time they are very sensitive to dirt, shocks and twists. Various impurities can interfere with the operation of the measuring bar used in the solution described in SI25686. In addition, their accuracy is unnecessary, since adjustment to hundredths of a millimeter is not used.

Cepilniki S360 Turbo proizvajalca Posch imajo sicer mehanizem za skrajšanje cepilnega cikla s pomočjo krajšanja cepilnega giba. Mehanizem obsega prestavno ročico, ki se jo lahko postavi v dve različni poziciji s pomočjo zatičev, pri čemer ena pozicija omogoča običajno dolžino cepilnega giba, druga pozicija pa skrajšano. Slabost te rešitve je omejenost le na dve dolžini cepilnega cikla, torej se ne more prilagajati dolžine hoda še na kakšne vmesne velikosti delov hloda oziroma polen. Mehanska nastavitev za spreminjanje dolžine hoda cilindra tudi ni optimalna, ker mora uporabnik posegati v napravo, hkrati pa so možne tudi mehanske poškodbe.S360 Turbo splitters by Posch have a mechanism for shortening the splitting cycle by shortening the splitting stroke. The mechanism comprises a shift lever which can be set in two different positions by means of pins, one position allowing the normal length of the splitting stroke, and the other position a shortened one. The disadvantage of this solution is that it is limited to only two lengths of the splitting cycle, i.e. it cannot adjust the stroke length to any intermediate sizes of log parts or logs. The mechanical setting for changing the stroke length of the cylinder is also not optimal, because the user has to intervene in the device, and at the same time, mechanical damage is also possible.

Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem

Bistvo cepilnika drv z nastavljivo potjo hidravličnega cilindra za določanje dolžine cepilnega cikla je v tem, da omogoča zaustavljanje hidravličnega cilindra v želeni točki in njegovo vračanje. Cilinder je opremljen z ustreznim senzorjem ali stikalom, ki krmilniku podaja informacijo glede pozicije cepilnega cilindra. Krmilnik nato ustrezno s pomočjo elektromagnetnega hidravličnega ventila prilagodi hod hidravličnega cilindra glede na uporabnikov izbor želene poti cilindra, ki je odvisna od dolžine hloda oziroma polen. Elektromagnetni ventil nato prekrmili tok olja ter posledično spremeni smer gibanja cilindra. Ustrezen senzor je izbran v skupini, v kateri so induktivni senzorji, končno stikalo, Hallov senzor, optični senzor, enkoder, ali katerikoli drugi električni element. Prednostna izbira je induktivni senzor. Omenjeni senzor oziroma stikalo zazna referenčne točke, ki so na plašču, kateri je pritrjen na cilinder in se skupaj s cilindrom pomika naprej in nazaj. Sam senzorje fiksno pritrjen na ustreznem nosilcu, tako da se s premikom plašča ne premakne. Referenčne točke na plašču so lahko luknje, mačja očesa, detekcije na jeklo ali podobno. Pomembno je le, da jih lahko izbrani senzor oziroma stikalo zazna. Prednostno so v plašču izvedene luknje, ker so najcenejše. Oblika lukenj je poljubna, običajno okrogla ali ovalna.The essence of the wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle is that it allows the hydraulic cylinder to be stopped at the desired point and its return. The cylinder is equipped with a suitable sensor or switch that provides the controller with information regarding the position of the splitting cylinder. The controller then appropriately adjusts the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder with the help of an electromagnetic hydraulic valve according to the user's selection of the desired path of the cylinder, which depends on the length of the log or log. The solenoid valve then distorts the flow of oil and consequently changes the direction of movement of the cylinder. The appropriate sensor is selected from a group that includes inductive sensors, a limit switch, a Hall sensor, an optical sensor, an encoder, or any other electrical element. The preferred choice is an inductive sensor. The aforementioned sensor or switch detects the reference points on the jacket, which is attached to the cylinder and moves back and forth together with the cylinder. The sensors themselves are fixed on a suitable support, so that it does not move with the movement of the coat. Reference points on the coat can be holes, cat's eyes, detections on steel or the like. It is only important that the selected sensor or switch can detect them. Holes are preferably made in the jacket because they are the cheapest. The shape of the holes is arbitrary, usually round or oval.

Cepilnik vključuje:The splitter includes:

- Cepilni kanal, ki lahko sprejme vsaj eno poleno (del hloda), in je opremljen:- A splitting channel that can accommodate at least one log (part of a log) and is equipped with:

o s cepilnim rezilom na eni strani, pri čemer je omenjeno rezilo v horizontalni smeri, torej smeri premika polena za razrez, prednostno fiksno nameščeno, in o z linearno pomično potisno ploščo na drugi strani, pri čemer potisno ploščo premika hidravlični cilinder,o with a splitting blade on one side, wherein said blade is in the horizontal direction, i.e. the direction of movement of the log for cutting, preferably fixedly installed, and o with a linearly movable thrust plate on the other side, wherein the thrust plate is moved by a hydraulic cylinder,

- krmilnik, ki nadzoruje delovanje hidravličnega cilindra,- the controller that controls the operation of the hydraulic cylinder,

- elektromagnetni hidravlični ventil, ki na podlagi ukazov iz krmilnika, kontrolira premikanje hidravličnega cilindra, pri čemer- an electromagnetic hydraulic valve that, based on commands from the controller, controls the movement of the hydraulic cylinder, whereby

- je hidravlični cilinder opremljen z zaščitnim plaščem in je omenjeni plašč opremljen z vsaj dvema referenčnima točkama m je cepilnik opremljen z vsaj dvema nepremično nameščenima senzorjema ali stikalomoma, ki sta nameščena na istem nosilcu en zraven drugega, prednostno na delu plašča, ki je bližje pomični plošči, pri čemer je omenjeni nosilec nameščen na ogrodje cepilnega stroja, in sta senzorja ali stikali povezana s krmilnikom tako, da sporočata zaznano referenčno točko, na podlagi česar krmilnik upravlja z omenjenim ventilom in posledično hidravličnim cilindrom.- the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a protective jacket and said jacket is equipped with at least two reference points m the splitter is equipped with at least two stationary sensors or switches that are installed on the same support next to each other, preferably on the part of the jacket that is closer to the movable one plate, wherein said bracket is mounted on the frame of the splitting machine, and the sensors or switches are connected to the controller so as to communicate a sensed reference point, based on which the controller operates said valve and consequently the hydraulic cylinder.

Senzorja sta lahko nameščena na enem nosilcu ali pa vsak na svojem nosilcu, pri čemer sta nosilca eden zraven drugega oziroma blizu en drugemu.The two sensors can be installed on one support or each on its own support, whereby the supports are next to each other or close to each other.

Material za plašč cilindra je kovina, v našem primeru jeklo. V prednostni izvedbi je plašč odprt šesterokotnik, lahko bi bil tudi odprti krog ali samo pločevina v obliki črke V na vrhu, vendar te variante niso prednostne.The material for the cylinder jacket is metal, in our case steel. In the preferred embodiment, the jacket is an open hexagon, it could also be an open circle or just a V-shaped sheet at the top, but these variants are not preferred.

V prednostni izvedbi sta uporabljena dva senzorja in tri referenčne točke, opis delovanja bo narejen na podlagi te prednostne izvedbe. Delovanje je enako za vse variante oziroma števila ter izvedbe referenčnih točk. Pri osnovnem (zaprtem) položaju hidravličnega cilindra je prvi senzor aktiven in drugi senzor neaktiven, kar pomeni, da je pod enim referenčna točka, prednostno luknja, ter pod drugim material plašča. Prvi senzor javlja pozicijo, da je bat hidravličnega cilindra v nultem (izhodiščnem) položaju, prednostno pa je zraven predvidena še dodatna luknja, ki je namenjena za mehko ustavljanje cilindra. Namreč, ko se cilinder z veliko hitrostjo vrača, bi za vsak gib udarilo cilinder in plašč, kar se prepreči s tem, da senzor malo prej javi in neke vrste pripre ventil ter upočasni povratni gib cilindra.In the preferred embodiment, two sensors and three reference points are used, the description of the operation will be made based on this preferred embodiment. The operation is the same for all variants or numbers and implementations of reference points. In the basic (closed) position of the hydraulic cylinder, the first sensor is active and the second sensor is inactive, which means that under one is a reference point, preferably a hole, and under the other is the casing material. The first sensor reports the position that the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is in the zero (initial) position, and preferably an additional hole is provided next to it, which is intended for a soft stop of the cylinder. Namely, when the cylinder is returning at a high speed, the cylinder and jacket would hit each stroke, which is prevented by the sensor notifying a little earlier and kind of stopping the valve and slowing down the return movement of the cylinder.

Aktivnost drugega senzorja, ki je namenjen za skrajšani hod, se zazna pri luknji na plašču. Senzorje namreč odmaknjen od plašča približno 3 do 5 mm, njegova mejna vrednost, do katere je še neaktiven 10 mm. Ko pride do luknje se razdalja senzorju poveča nad mejno vrednost (praktično je ni več) in tako senzor dobi informacijo o poziciji cilindra, kar pošlje krmilniku, kateri pošlje ukaz nato do elektromagnetnega ventila, le-ta pa preklopi hidravlični tok in s tem smer gibanja cilindra. Pri pomiku proti cepilnemu rezilu, drugi senzor dobi signal pri vsaki luknji na dolžinah od L1 do L3. Dolžine L1, L2, L3 so želene dolžine, kjer se lahko ustavi cilinder glede na izbor uporabnika, ki ga ima krmilnik. Število želenih dolžin je lahko poljubno, v skladu s tem pa je prilagojeno tudi število referenčnih točk. Običajno pa se te izbirajo glede na standardne dolžine polen, ki so 25, 33, 40 in 50 cm. Ustavljanje cilindra in njegovo vračanje v izhodiščni položaj se torej aktivira z ustrezno sprogramiranim krmilnikom.The activity of the second sensor, which is intended for the shortened stroke, is detected by the hole in the jacket. Namely, the sensors are separated from the jacket by about 3 to 5 mm, its threshold value, up to which it is still inactive, is 10 mm. When there is a hole, the distance to the sensor increases above the limit value (it is practically gone) and thus the sensor receives information about the position of the cylinder, which it sends to the controller, which then sends a command to the solenoid valve, which switches the hydraulic flow and thus the direction of movement cylinders. When moving towards the splitting blade, a second sensor receives a signal at each hole at lengths L1 to L3. The lengths L1, L2, L3 are the desired lengths where the cylinder can stop according to the user selection the controller has. The number of desired lengths can be arbitrary, and the number of reference points is adjusted accordingly. Usually, these are chosen according to the standard lengths of logs, which are 25, 33, 40 and 50 cm. Stopping the cylinder and returning it to the starting position is therefore activated by a properly programmed controller.

Postopek uporabe cepilnika poteka na sledeč način. S stikalom se na kontrolni plošči izbere želena dolžina hoda hidravličnega cilindra. Pri izbiri dolžine L1 program krmilnika čaka na en signal iz drugega senzorja. Pri detekciji signala vrne cilinder v osnovni položaj. Pri izbiri dolžine L2 program čaka na dva signala iz drugega senzorja. Prvega prebere in šteje kot 1, po detekciji drugega pa vrača cilinder v osnovni položaj. Pri izbiri dolžine L3 program čaka na tri signale iz drugega senzorja. Prvega prebere in šteje kot 1, drugega prebere in šteje kot 2, po detekciji tretjega pa vrača cilinder v osnovni položaj. Opisani postopek se lahko ponavlja za večje število pomikov.The process of using the splitter is as follows. The desired stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder is selected with a switch on the control panel. When selecting the L1 length, the controller program waits for one signal from the second sensor. When a signal is detected, it returns the cylinder to its basic position. When selecting the L2 length, the program waits for two signals from the second sensor. It reads the first one and counts it as 1, and after detecting the second one, it returns the cylinder to the basic position. When choosing the L3 length, the program waits for three signals from the second sensor. It reads the first one and counts it as 1, the second one it reads and counts it as 2, and after detecting the third one, it returns the cylinder to the basic position. The described procedure can be repeated for a larger number of moves.

Želene dolžine se lahko zaznajo tudi z večjim številom senzorjev. Na primer, vsak pomik ima lahko svoj senzor in ni potrebno krmilnika programirati za štetje signalov pri večjem številu različnih pomikov. S tem v skladu je potrebno prilagoditi referenčne točke na plašču.The desired lengths can also be detected with a larger number of sensors. For example, each movement can have its own sensor and there is no need to program the controller to count signals for a large number of different movements. In accordance with this, it is necessary to adjust the reference points on the jacket.

Izum omogoča izbiro skrajšanega končnega hoda, glede na izbrano dolžino polena. S tem se skrajša ciklus cepljena in poveča produktivnost cepilnega stroja. Postopek uporabe opisanega cepilnika je cenovno ugoden in praktičen, ker se uporabi že vgrajena oprema, to so senzorji in krmilnik, kar pomeni izdelavo brez dodatnih materialnih stroškov. Rešitev je tudi praktična, ker za določanje poti cilindra uporablja plašč, ki cilinder obdaja, pri čemer je plašč že znana standardna komponenta cepilnikov zaradi zaščite batnice hidravličnega cilindra. Tako izum na enostaven in cenovno ugoden način rešuje zastavljeni tehnični problem.The invention enables the selection of a shortened final stroke, depending on the selected length of the log. This shortens the grafting cycle and increases the productivity of the grafting machine. The process of using the described splitter is affordable and practical because already installed equipment is used, i.e. sensors and controller, which means production without additional material costs. The solution is also practical because it uses the jacket that surrounds the cylinder to determine the path of the cylinder, and the jacket is already a well-known standard component of splitters due to the protection of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder. Thus, the invention solves the set technical problem in a simple and affordable way.

Cepilnik drv z nastavljivo potjo hidravličnega cilindra za določanje dolžine cepilnega cikla bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujeta:The wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle will be described in more detail below with the help of an example and pictures showing:

Slika 1 Plašč hidravličnega cilindra s senzorjema in referenčnimi luknjamiFigure 1 Hydraulic cylinder shell with sensors and reference holes

Slika 2 Prikaz možnih razdalj L1, L2 in L3Figure 2 Display of possible distances L1, L2 and L3

Slika 1 prikazuje možen izvedbeni primer sklopa hidravličnega cilindra 1 in plašča 2 cilindra 1 za cepilnik drv po izumu. Plašč 2 cilindra 1 le-tega obdaja, pri čemer ima plašč 2 tri luknje 4a, 4b, 4c, ki predstavljajo referenčne točke in so na plašču 2 razporejene stran od senzorjev 3a, 3b. Na nosilcu 3, ki je nameščen na ogrodje cepilnega stroja, sta nepremično vgrajena dva senzorja 3a, 3b, ki sta prednostno induktivna senzorja, pri čemer sta senzorja en poleg drugega na delu, ki je blizu pomične plošče 5. Kot je prikazano na sliki 2, razdalja L1 predstavlja dolžino poti od senzorja 2b do prve luknje 4a, razdalja L2 je dolžina poti od senzorja 2b do druge luknje 4b, razdalja L3 pa je dolžina poti od senzorja 2b do tretje luknje 4c.Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of the assembly of hydraulic cylinder 1 and jacket 2 of cylinder 1 for the wood splitter according to the invention. The jacket 2 surrounds the cylinder 1, and the jacket 2 has three holes 4a, 4b, 4c, which represent reference points and are arranged on the jacket 2 away from the sensors 3a, 3b. Two sensors 3a, 3b, which are preferably inductive sensors, are immovably mounted on the support 3, which is mounted on the frame of the splitting machine, and the sensors are next to each other on the part close to the moving plate 5. As shown in Figure 2 , the distance L1 represents the length of the path from the sensor 2b to the first hole 4a, the distance L2 is the length of the path from the sensor 2b to the second hole 4b, and the distance L3 is the length of the path from the sensor 2b to the third hole 4c.

Pri osnovnem (zaprtem) položaju hidravličnega cilindra je prvi senzor 3a aktiven in drugi senzor 3b neaktiven, kar pomeni, da je pod enim referenčna točka, prednostno luknja, ter pod drugim material plašča. Prvi senzor 3a javlja pozicijo, da je bat hidravličnega cilindra v nultem (izhodiščnem) položaju. Poleg tega je zraven še dodatna luknja 4d, ki je namenjena za mehko ustavljanje cilindra 1. Namreč, ko se cilinder z veliko hitrostjo vrača, bi za vsak gib udarilo cilinder in plašč, kar se prepreči s tem, da senzor malo prej javi in neke vrste pripre ventil ter upočasni povratni gib cilindra.In the basic (closed) position of the hydraulic cylinder, the first sensor 3a is active and the second sensor 3b is inactive, which means that under one is a reference point, preferably a hole, and under the other is the jacket material. The first sensor 3a reports the position that the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is in the zero (home) position. In addition, there is an additional hole 4d next to it, which is intended for the soft stop of cylinder 1. Namely, when the cylinder returns at a high speed, the cylinder and the jacket would hit for each movement, which is prevented by the sensor notifying a little earlier and some of sorts closes the valve and slows down the return movement of the cylinder.

Postopek uporabe pri krajših polenih poteka tako, da se s stikalom se na kontrolni plošči izbere želena dolžina hoda hidravličnega cilindra 1, na primer L1. Pri izbiri dolžine L1 program krmilnika ob premiku hidravličnega cilindra 1 čaka na en signal iz drugega senzorja 3b. Po detekciji signala vrne cilinder v osnovni položaj tako, da pošlje ustrezen signal elektromagnetnemu hidravličnemu ventilu 5, ki preusmeri tok olja in cilinder 1 vrne v izhodiščni položaj.The procedure for using shorter logs is to select the desired stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder 1, for example L1, with the switch on the control panel. When selecting the length L1, the controller program waits for one signal from the second sensor 3b when moving the hydraulic cylinder 1. After detecting the signal, it returns the cylinder to the basic position by sending a corresponding signal to the electromagnetic hydraulic valve 5, which redirects the oil flow and returns the cylinder 1 to the initial position.

V kolikor je izbrana najdaljša dolžina hoda hidravličnega cilindra, torej L3, program krmilnika čaka na tri signale iz drugega senzorja 3b. Prvega prebere in šteje kot 1, drugega prebere in šteje kot 2, po detekciji tretjega pa vrača cilinder v osnovni položaj. Pri izbiri dolžine L2 pa program krmilnika čaka na dva signala iz drugega senzorja 3b. Prvega prebere in šteje kot 1, po detekciji drugega pa vrača cilinder v osnovni položaj. Tako lahko uporabnik torej enostavno določi katero dolžino hoda naj ima cilinder 1, te nastavitve pa krmilnik uporabi za preverjanje zaznavanja referenčnih lukenj na plašču cilindra s senzorjem.If the longest stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder is selected, i.e. L3, the controller program waits for three signals from the second sensor 3b. It reads the first one and counts it as 1, the second one it reads and counts it as 2, and after detecting the third one, it returns the cylinder to the basic position. When choosing the length L2, the controller program waits for two signals from the second sensor 3b. It reads the first one and counts it as 1, and after detecting the second one, it returns the cylinder to the basic position. In this way, the user can easily determine which stroke length cylinder 1 should have, and these settings are used by the controller to check the detection of the reference holes on the cylinder jacket with the sensor.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle, which includes:

- A splitting channel that can accommodate at least one log and is equipped with:

o with a splitting blade on one side, and o with a linearly moving thrust plate on the other side, the thrust plate being moved by a hydraulic cylinder,

- the controller that controls the operation of the hydraulic cylinder,

- an electromagnetic hydraulic valve that, based on commands from the controller, controls the movement of the hydraulic cylinder, characterized by the fact that

- the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a protective jacket and said jacket is equipped with at least two reference points,

- and the splitter is equipped with at least two stationary sensors or switches that are mounted on the same or separate support next to each other, the sensors being adapted to detect the reference point and the sensors or switches being connected to the controller so as to report the detected reference point , on the basis of which the controller operates the mentioned valve and consequently the hydraulic cylinder.

2. Firewood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that in the basic position of the hydraulic cylinder the first sensor is active and the second sensor is inactive, which means that there is a reference point, preferably a hole, below one. and among others the material of the coat.

3. Wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor is adapted to be activated at a reference point on the mantle, whereby the position of the cylinder is detected by means of a controller adapted to sending a command to the solenoid valve that controls the movement of the hydraulic cylinder.

4. A wood splitter with an adjustable path of a hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has reference points arranged in such a way as to determine at least the lengths L1 and L2, preferably three lengths L1, L2, and L3.

5. Wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said lengths are selected from a group in which the lengths are 25, 33, 40 and 50 cm.

6. Firewood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the lengths can also be detected with a larger number of sensors, where each length has its own sensor and it is not necessary to program the controller to count signals at a greater number of different moves.

7. A wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two sensors are located on the part of the jacket that is closer to the movable plate.

8. A wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the said blade is fixedly installed in the horizontal direction, i.e. the direction of movement of the log for cutting.

9. Wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor is selected from the group in which there are inductive sensors, a limit switch, a halo sensor, an optical sensor, an encoder or any other element.

10. Wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sensor is an inductive sensor.

11. A wood splitter with an adjustable path of a hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reference points on the jacket can be holes, cat's eyes, detections on steel or the like, preferably the reference points are holes of any shape, usually round or oval.

12. Wood splitter with an adjustable path of the hydraulic cylinder for determining the length of the splitting cycle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that two sensors and three reference points are used.

13. The method of using a splitter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

- With the switch on the control panel, the desired stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder is selected, whereby:

o when selecting the length L1, the controller program waits for one signal from the sensor, and after detecting the reference point with the sensor, the cylinder returns to the basic position with the help of the controller and the solenoid valve, or o when selecting the length L2, the controller program waits for two signals from the sensor, where the first signal is read as the first reference point and counts as 1, and after the detection of the second reference point, the cylinder returns to the basic position with the help of the controller and the solenoid valve, or o when selecting the length L3, the controller program waits for three signals from the sensor, where the first is read as the first reference point and counted as 1, the second is read as the second reference point and counted as 2, and after the detection of the third reference point, the cylinder returns to the basic position with the help of the controller and the solenoid valve.