SI25035A - Multi-function self-adjusting solar concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel product, designed as a device concentrated to collect solar energy (a) which passes through a convex lens (2) to a stand alone unit of the exchanger (1) with a receiving medium of solar energy located at the focal point of the lens (2 ). This was achieved by constructing a supporting structure of a concentrator solar collector from three key assemblies; (7), (8.0) and (8.1), which allows the two-axis movement of the lens (2), and a starry pedestal that stabilizes or consolidates the concentrated solar collector and fixes it at the site of the lens .

Description

Multifunction self-adjusting solar concentrator

Int. Cl .: H01L 31/52

Ever since ancient times, we have been trying to tame or (to our advantage) use sunlight to serve us for certain purposes, e.g. for military purposes or to satisfy our need for illumination of the premises by reflecting the sun's rays by means of a directional refraction of light by placing several mirrors in a consecutive visual position. Thus, in the present patent application, we present our improvement of a century-old technical solution to the refraction of light in the form of a concentrated light collector; We changed the load-bearing design concept of the composition as a whole and added a new useful technical novelty and, consequently, a new commercial value.

In the following sketches, we made and showed the implementation version of the self-adjusting load-bearing structure, in which we placed a moving three-point system horizontally and vertically, and the angular adjustments of the vertical axis of the mechanism. In addition, the mechanical housing designed in this way can be moved along the application axis with the entire assembly.

In fact, such a mechanism is a micro-setting for tracking every position of the sun on the daily timeline. To illustrate an example example, we used a mechanical system and a mechanism design that allows us to orient the central part (lens) at an angle of 90 ° to the sun, the lens captures light and collects them at one point. The mechanism shown and the whole structure are manually operated, manufactured or manufactured. however, its conversion to an automatic system is easy and not specifically presented in this patent file, as • such semi-automatic or automatic sun-tracking systems are freely available on the market in various technical embodiments.

The basic mechanical design of clamping a thin plankconvex, biconvex or Fresnel lens that receives the sun's rays clamped into a support frame (usually associated with at least two support bars) has been improved in our embodiment and four support bars used for better stability. The whole system is connected to a smaller square frame, which has in the middle of two opposite sides a mechanism for height adjustment of the entire composition of the supporting structure, the lens, along the y axis, as well as the built-in mechanism of angular movement of the lens between the vertical and horizontal. This distance adjustment and the ability to adjust the height adjustment of the lens from the central part of the mechanical structure, in which the exchanger with the conversion medium is designed, is essential and as such means an innovative solution for our device. The exchanger is at the same time the focal point of the lens and as such is placed in the optimum focal point, focal length /, which enables the ideal transfer and concentration of energy of the sun's rays at one point, which enables us the mobility of the system in which the lens is mounted.

Describing our solar collector from the top towards the horizontal or the ground, it stands on a three-point stand with square bars or Y-shaped cross sections with 120 ° angular angles between the legs. In the center of the legs, a rectangular bracket is vertically attached to which a special bearing assembly is mounted on the upper part of the vertical - the bearing bracket of the entire bearing structure of the lens. The bearing bracket on the lower bearing wall has at least two threaded holes in which the screws of a collector made of square tubular thick-walled U-shaped cross sections having rectangular sides are screwed. On both ends of the manifold frame, at their ends, the same bearing mounting mechanisms are mounted as the central mounting mechanism of the entire structure of our solar collector. To these two bearing mechanisms are two structural pillars of square shape, which are inserted into the free part of the height adjustment of the bearing structure of the lens. This assembly allows us to raise and lower the bearing structure of the lens as we need to be able to adjust the optimum contact point of the lens focal point and the exchanger.

In the case of automatic focal length adjustment /, an electric motor and steering drive are mounted on the height adjustment component of the lens support structure, and a toothed rack is mounted on the carrier itself · allowing for a uniform and precise lowering and lifting of the lens support structure.

The essential importance of our innovation, that is, the concept of a solar collector construction of an example that allows the optimum utilization or concentration of sun rays at one point, is that, regardless of the position of the sun in the sky, our exchanger is also the focal point of the embedded thin convex lens. We won't talk much about lenses, since only two versions of convex lenses are suitable for our system, which can be given the prefix bi or blueprint, and the third special lens design that can be classified in the Fresnel lens group. The biconvex lens has both planes rounded, and the plankonvex lens has a receiving plane flat and rounded to a convexity.

Both systems of biconvex or plankonvex lenses, which have at least one side specially serrated, are included in a special group of lenses. This is a group of Fresnel lenses that have these notches or teeth very small to look like notches on turntables. The point of such lenses is that their tooth plate serves as a lens that can have a focal length short or long, depending on the notch angles. The notches may be on the upper side or 180 ° inverted, that is, on the lower side.

Another essential technical indicator for the successful use of our concentrated solar collector is that the entire construction and concept of mounting the lens and ensuring optimum utilization of solar power have been performed with freely available materials, thereby simplifying the entire assembly. We achieved this by constructing the supporting structure of the lens from three key components:

- supporting frame - frame with lens,

- supporting beams and

- a square frame with an assembly of a height-adjustable bearing structure of the lens.

• ·

The next or third essential technical feature of our concentrated solar collector is the central assembly that enables the two-axis movement of the lens's supporting structure. First, we have the ability to move the load-bearing structure in the 'x' axis up to 180 ° and along the 'y' axis also up to 180 °, which enables our innovation to cover the entire hemisphere (zenith) of the visible sun trajectory in one day.

The fourth feature of this innovation is that by introducing a technical solution and an assembly for the height adjustment of the bearing structure of the lens, we have introduced a system of manual or automatic adjustment of the lens focal point at the point of consumption of this energy, by placing the energy exchanger at that point. It is well known and theoretically proven that very high temperatures of up to several thousand degrees Celsius are generated in the hearth, which makes Caesar an alternative source of energy from sunlight, suitable for any industry and industries that require heat or steam in their processes.

Based on the above, with our innovation, we have created two versions of concentrated solar collectors, one for hot water production and the other by testing a special design of a low-surface plankonvex lens for producing steam. Replacing the media in the exchanger results in significantly higher temperatures when you reach a concentrated focus at one point. The thermal oil medium enables us to reach temperatures between 300 and 400 ° C and, without significantly increasing the pressure in the system, by introducing special silicon salts that crystallize at high temperatures, our concentrated solar collector allows us to reach temperatures up to 900 ° C. All this depends on the technical design of the lens and the exchanger, which is placed in the focus, thereby adjusting the maximum temperature capture of such concentrated rays at one point.

We are also in the phase of testing and finding the optimum surface of the light beam recipient when transmitting light to a distance. To this end, a convex beam collector, that is, between the outlet lens collector and its focal point, installed a light beam receiver and transmitted such light to the distance needed to illuminate a dark space or other spaces with such needs. The essence of this technical solution is based on the invention of the cold mirror, which has the property of transmitting infrared (IR) light rays and reflecting visible light to our optical beam, which distributes this light through light fibers.

It does not exclude the possibility of placing a regular mirror that reflects all light with the IR spectrum. This solution is economical in that it is usually much cheaper than cold mirrors. However, we must pay close attention to the temperatures that occur at the entrance to the optical beam.

It follows from the foregoing that it is precisely in this sense and requirement that the purpose of the whole solar collector construction and adaptation to different purposes of use has been developed - from the basic conceptual design we have developed other versions that have found wide applicability in all branches of industry and life.

Use of hot water obtained from our exchanger, or steam for space heating or the needs of the manufacturing industry and the possibility of transmitting light at a distance are only the first technical possibilities of the proposed innovation in the present patent application.

Commercial manufacturers of various systems for capturing sunlight and our well-known technical solutions, which we learned from the theory of luminaries, which we found in the salvage of our innovative idea or related patent applications, so far mainly rely on the use of concave systems that reflect light with by means of mirrors or other materials having the properties of light reflection.

When designing unpatented technical versions, we came to the realization that some different versions of solar systems are emerging on the market in the form of flat or curved panels with integrated photovoltaic systems for transferring solar energy to the medium.

The most common is the solar collector system through which water, oil, antifreeze, gas and the like flow through the medium. These directly capture the heat of the sun and transfer it to storage tanks that transfer that heat to another medium.

Another group of devices for which we have also found patented requirements include parabolic circular or rectangular concave surfaces covered with mirrors or other materials that reflect light on a heat exchanger medium. They usually appear as huge parabolic antennas that reflect light into the focal point. These systems are very rigid and technically demanding, as their disadvantage is that of a the fundamental mistake is that the whole system must move horizontally toward the sun and also vertically to capture the most favorable angles of sunshine.

The biggest disadvantage of such devices is the dimensions, which require a lot of space, but in order to achieve optimal results, they require very precise and expensive control and management, as such systems usually have a fixed focus or focus. This means that, with minimal deviation from the ideal position, the operation of the focal point also changes, or in other words, it is transferred to another location on the client or. to the heat transmitter of the sun's rays.

With our patent application, we have modified this system and introduced a system for the use of biconvex. plankonvex thin lenses or Fresnel lenses through which sunbeams penetrate and concentrate at the outlet in focus at a focal point that is both the outer circumference and the receiver of these temperatures.

In this context, we have prepared design solutions and documentation for all three versions, which will be described later in this paper. Basically, this is one basic type that we change the exchangers and add other necessary components, which are inevitable when mounting these exchangers or light mirrors and bundles of optical cables with receivers light converters in the optical signal.

The present invention relates to a new product, a solar collector having a collecting lens at the exit side, through which light rays are refracted so that at a certain focal length all the incoming light is concentrated into one light point. Very high thermal effects can be created at this light point, the focus, also called focus. Inserting a specific exchanger into the center of the focus and letting a medium pass through it, which transmits thermal energy to the circumference of the exchanger, we obtain an alternative energy source with a certain power, which depends on how much the surface of the receiving lens is provided. We will not write much about the theory and the light conversion of solar energy into thermal energy, since these are commonly known equations; we will comparatively state that a lkW / m ^{2 is} generated at the entrance to the lens, which causes a temperature of about 2300 K. at the focal point.

In the present version of the patent application, the concentrated solar collector is intended to be a three- or multi-part specially designed and structure-solved assembly, which are interconnected in a structural unit with two central assemblies.

These are the frame into which the lens is mounted with the lower mechanism allowing movement of the lens frame by the abscissa, and the second movement option, which is possible by lifting the lens frame from the abscissa to the ordinate.

Another key component of our concentrated solar collector is the exchanger with a medium placed in the lens focal point, which concentrates all the energy of the sun coming through the lens. The third part in the embodiment is represented by a stand - a pedestal, which is built as three arms or star-shaped cross-arms. It could be any other shaped stand, round or square, meeting the basic condition of ensuring the safety and stability of the entire collector structure.

We have added two safety kits to the basic construction group of the components that make up our concentrated solar collector, which provide, above all, a correct and secure way of absorbing the sun's rays, which transmit very high temperatures to the focus, and a controlled take-up of daylight.

In order to protect the construction of the device and its installations in case of incorrect installation or other technical deficiencies or defects in the orientation of the rays on the focal point, we have installed protective sides made of special sheet metal which completely close the part in which the concentration of sun rays takes place, from the exit of the lens to focal points. Excessive heat supply to the focus is regulated by opening and closing the access of the sun's rays to the lens by means of special blinds that have been installed and can be opened or closed.

This patent application is therefore a technical solution and an innovation that will allow the conversion of solar energy into thermal or light transmission of partially concentrated sunlight at a distance.

• · · ·

From the described embodiment, in which we described and constructed a concentrated solar collector, it is evident that they are functionally adapted to each other and that according to all technical rules, this system should work and work in the real world.

In pioneering the innovative patent application, we have found that there are many different patent applications that mainly relate to different designs and construction solutions of flat panels for hot water production or parabolic round or square antennas that have mirrored panel panels or other materials that allow concavity of the structure and, by reflecting the sun's rays from their surfaces, ensure that light is collected at one point or focus.

To this end, we will present some patents that, in our opinion, are similar to our solution, but differ significantly in terms of technical characteristics and design with respect to our innovation presented in this patent application, since they propose a different system and method of collecting light rays in the focus, and also different mechanical-structural versions of the whole system.

US 864288 B2 - proposes the use of parabolic concave antennas that are treated with a polycrystalline substance that deflects light rays at a receiver positioned in the focus. In addition, this patent proposes, among other things, various embodiments of the transmission of light to the medium by means of mirror tunnels through which light beams travel and refract, or the use of a biconcave lens between the sunbeam receiver and the exchanger. It also made it possible to follow the sun's path, but they suggested a very rigid and economically expensive system.

P 200150943 - proposes a central tracking system for the solar path from the central central part, which can move horizontally in a certain number of arms, but has also placed the vertical tilt of the solar panels in stepper drive, up to a maximum of eight positioning positions of the solar panels. The system is very interesting for photovoltaic panels.

EP 1 613 861 BI - proposes a movable multipurpose and multifunctional power station, ranging from solar water heating systems to photovoltaic flat panels for electricity generation.

• ·

These panels are fixed at one point to the basic structure, but the lifting and tracking of the sun is performed by means of valve cylinders which have their own pressurized medium or are forced by means of a hydraulic pump or. air compressor.

US 5203318 - as a receiving station, also proposes a circular parabolic antenna with special projections - focal light catchers. Sun tracking was done by gear shifting horizontally, but for vertical movement of the antenna, a counterbalanced motor propulsion system was proposed.

US 6142638A - also this patent proposes a flat square panel system which has a partially convex panel for collecting light beams and a special vertical tracking system. He used an angular straight sprocket mounted on a panel frame that rises or descends by as much as the difference between the first and last sprocket on the straight rails.

US 6959993 B2 - Sets a plurality of concave mirrors that direct a ray of sunlight into a focal point, simultaneously acting as a exchanger. The essence of the present invention is that this plurality of smaller concave panels form a single panel, which as such is vertically adjustable by means of special screws and a large two-height height regulator of the lower and upper screws.

WO 2007057994 - proposes a plurality of rectangular mirrors, unevenly positioned on a support frame, which collects and directs the rays individually. This invention is primarily intended for solar panels for hot water production and photovoltaic panels for electricity generation.

All the web images and sketches, based on the patent application descriptions of the aforementioned solar systems, photovoltaic panels, or solar path tracking systems, which are at least classified according to the classification of our concentrated solar collector, clearly show a different design approach and different solutions that our technical solutions are not alike. It is important to point out here that almost all the systems that we have been able to find on the internet when browsing various databases or advertisements of manufacturers of such solar devices have some common technical starting points, which are manifested as:

• ·

- systems that use a circular or square parabolic concept of collecting and directing the sun's rays at the energy client of the sun's rays, almost all systems use two methods of sun tracking, namely tracking using continuous gear systems combined with a motor drive, or tracking with the help of cylindrical hydraulic or. pneumatic devices.

The innovative note of our solution, which is technically different from the known, patented and unpatented technical versions and solutions of solar systems, photovoltaic devices, solar systems, which are like solar collectors and converters, etc., is that we have changed technology and system of collecting sun rays and further their concentration at one point or. focus - focus.

To this end, we have done the following:

1. made a supporting frame in which a biconvex, plank convex or Fresnel thin lens was installed, which is in the function of a collection lens,

2. We connected the load-bearing frame to the load-bearing crossbars, which are attached to the square frame at the other end,

3. a specially designed assembly for the height adjustment of the lens was mounted on the square frame,

4. a rack-mount bracket has been inserted into the lens-mounting assembly to move the entire lens-bracket assembly,

5. at the other end, the brackets are fixed to the bearing support mechanisms which have the function of horizontal movement up to 180 °,

6. the mounting brackets are mounted on a U-shaped manifold frame with rectangular lines,

7. the manifold frame is screwed in the center of the carrier plane to a central bearing that provides movement of the entire lens carrier assembly by 180 °, but this movement is offset by 90 ° from the first movement of the square frame on which the lens carrier carrier is,

8. The central bearing is two-point mounted on the upper part of the vertical carrier of the entire lens system, • · · ·

9. the vertical bracket is welded in the lower part to a three-pointed star base,

10. an exchanger or assembly which represents the focal point or. the focus of the lens is a stand-alone element that is inserted under the square frame and contains the removal medium,

11. in the light transmission version, a reflective cold mirror was fixed to at least one support bar, which directs the concentrated light to the optical receiver and is thus transmitted through the optical cable,

12. we have also designed and envisaged the possibility of installing our own drives on the bearing mechanisms and using existing controllers that allow tracking of sun movements from east to west,

13. Lastly, we made sure that the system was secure by protecting the visible part with four safety sides where the light rays concentrate to the focus,

14. inter alia, we designed protective blinds to achieve the required temperature control on the focal point, by opening and closing the supply of the sun's rays to the receiving lens.

Our product, which is a concentrated solar collector, cannot be compared to other systems and collectors designed to collect and send sunlight to a focal point through a medium, since our product is not similar. That is why we designed a prototype sample and tested it for the functional and useful purposes described above, and proved that our concentrated solar collector meets the technical and quality requirements that we set ourselves as a goal in the design phase of the product itself.

With these tests and tests we have proved that our concentrated solar collector can be reduced and enlarged overall - especially the dimension of lenses, which also changes the frame dimensions of the structure, while adapting all set dimensions to this set standard, thus also saving on the amount of material. In particular, this applies to the device or version of the sunlight trap and its remote transmission. The increase in the dimensions of the lens for hot and steam heating of the medium is mainly influenced by the capacity of the consumers using such heated medium.

The essence of our technical solution and in the present patent application of the present invention is that we have advantageously utilized all known technical and technological knowledge and entered them into individual assemblies of the concentrated solar collector or other versions made according to its structural design.

In this way, we used thick-walled steel materials for the metal construction and the manufactured version, which allow a very solid and stable structure, and consolidated all joints of each element with CO2 welding technology. The connecting points required for interchangeability and maintenance were screwed with special screws that had a self-locking nut. Whether we will screw or weld individual parts of the structure also depends on the design of the device and the materials of the supporting structure, e.g. aluminum, iron, concrete, etc.

We paid special attention to the structural design of the integration of moving mechanisms, which clamp rigid mechanisms in providing and maximizing the angles of sun coverage throughout the day.

This simplified and unified the production of a concentrated solar collector, which now consists of three key components of the lens support structure, a moving mechanism with a stand and an exchanger. It should be noted that the unification is carried out in the selection of steel bars, mounting screws and the bearing bearing mechanism, which allows the production plant easier control over the design and consumption of the material.

On the other hand, with our design of a concentrated solar collector, with a three-point placement of the load-bearing base in the star or Y version, we reduced the weight of the device itself, since this star system can also produce a star-shaped concrete base or foundation, which is necessary if the whole system is placed open space. Mounted on a roof or other surface, no star bracket is needed, especially if it screws into the floor or concrete. In case of screwing into hard substrates, our manifold can also be without star bracket - in this version we use flat metal support substrates, which makes the whole structure easier.

Everything so far stated with certainty is true and it can be argued that to date no one has produced such a structural design or such a concentrated solar collector, which on the one hand represents ease of manufacture, and on the other hand, provides primal and long-lasting use in environments where it is used. mounted on a building or independently installed in an open space.

Certain structural solutions on the bearing structure of the lens, the movement mechanism with the stand and the exchanger will be described in more detail in the continuation of the file, when we describe the individual »· · · · · · · · · · e · parts shown in the figure or. Fig. 1, and more detailed views of the individual concepts of lens mounting on the mounting frame and arrangement of the movement system with the bearing mechanisms and the arrangement of the exchanger shown in the following figures.

On the other hand, by marketing well-known technical solutions of similar cumulative solar systems worldwide, we realized that our solution is unique and represents a novelty in this field, which is reflected in this patent application and its claims.

The novelty lies in the different design and, consequently, the solutions to the technical problems that have already arisen in the design process, because of the high goal, which is the most important feature of the process itself of a new method of using a concentrated solar collector with a collecting lens, a moving mechanism and an exchanger through which flows the heat removal medium. This is externally reflected in the refinement and achievement of the set goal, as well as in the design and technical installation of the lens and the adjustable mechanism, which fully enables the lens to be raised and lowered and thus fulfilling the condition that the focal point is always on the exchanger. At the same time it is a highly commercial product and as such is widely used in the processing and breeding agricultural industry, in wood processing and in private use.

The invention will be illustrated in Figure 1, which represents a 3D view of our concentrated solar collector in the working position, showing both angular offsets and placing the lens in a position in which the right reception of the sun's rays is ensured. The spatial picture illustrates almost all the key parts that can be classified into three central assemblies: a support frame - crossbars with a lens frame, a square frame with a height adjustment assembly of the lens support structure, and a collector frame with a bearing bearing system and a support and stand.

The exchanger is a standalone assembly, placed in the space of our collector, but in the sketches below we will show it as a disconnected assembly with respect to the concentrated solar collector, which it really is.

Furthermore, in Fig. 2 we will show a side view of the entire structure of our collector presented in the present patent file, as well as in one picture we will show a side view of a technical solution for remote light transmission. In the last sketch, we will introduce overheating protection and uncontrolled focal point setting.

· «« ··

For a better understanding of the above brief outline of the basic sketches of our innovative idea, manifested in the form of the construction concept of a concentrated solar collector and its fundamental assemblies as a percussion product resulting from the design of our innovative idea shown in this patent application and its drawings which we will describe them below.

Figure 1: 3D view of a concentrated solar collector placed in working position

Figure 2: View A-A, cross-sectional view of the mounting of the height support bar on a square frame

Figure 3: Side or side view of a concentrator solar collector with a built-in remote light transmission system

Figure 4: View B-B, front section of adjustable mount for optical fiber bundle and cross section of optical cables as light receiver

Figure 5: Plankonvex lens having a planar portion of a toothed

Figure 6: Plankonvex collection lens

Figure 7: Biconvex collection lens

Figure 8: Cross section of a water exchanger as a steam generating medium

Figure 9: Cross section of an exchanger having a high temperature medium with forced circulation

Figure 10: Side or side view of a concentrated solar collector with built-in light protection and control system

Figure 11: Transmission of light and conversion through a prism for the purpose of routing to a photovoltaic cell for electricity production

In order to better understand individual concepts and constituent elements of a particular composition, we will hereafter structure them and explain them in meaning, using the index to indicate individual numbers and their related meaning, as well as names for each part and number associated with it.

a Sun rays

Exchanger in the focal point

1.1. Output of heated medium a

1.2 Cold medium inlet

1.3 Pipeline client - forced circulation condenser

1.4. High-temperature oil as a carrier medium

1.5 Water as a temperature transmitter

1.5.1 Water vapor

Lens - biconvex or plank convex

2.0 Tooth plane part of plank convex lens 2.0.1 Smooth plane of plank convex lens 2.0.2 Inlet round part of biconvex lens

2.1. Lens support bracket

2.2. Output collection part of a plankonvex lens having a planar inlet part

2.2.1. Output collecting part of a plankonvex lens with a straight inlet

2.2.2. Output assembly part of a biconvex lens 3.0

3.1 Stabilizer bar

3.2 Stabilizer bar

3.3 Central support of the structure

3.4 Bearing axis

3.5. Upper beam of the beam

3.6. Fastening bar of the bearing mechanism on the carrier

Manifold frame

4.1. Fastening bolts with nuts

Square frame with assembly for height adjustment of bearing structure of lens

5.1 Mounting bolts of the supporting cross bars

5.2 Assembly for height adjustment of load-bearing structure

5.2.1 Tightening screw

5.3. Carrier height bar

5.3.1 Toothed rack on height beams

6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 Frame support brackets with lens

Support bearing mechanism for horizontal tilting

8.0 and 8.1 Vertical Tilt Support Bearing

9.0 Adjustable Mirror Bracket

9.1 Adjustable mount for optical fiber bundle

Mirror

10.1. Mirror holder

A bundle of fiber optic cables

11.1 Optical cable light receiver

11.2 Prism

11.3 A single optical cable or fiber to absorb a specific optical spectrum

11.4 Photovoltaic cell

Security blinds

12.1 Electric motor drive

12.2 Blinds

12.3 Support mechanism for opening and closing blinds

12.4 Carrier design of blinds

Protective pages

View A-A, cross-sectional view of the mounting of the height support bar on a square frame

View B-B, front section of adjustable mount for optical fiber bundle

Since we have described the vertical top-down view so far, we will also take this principle into account when describing the attached sketches and the individual views. The invention shown in FIG. 1 is a 3D view of a concentrated solar collector placed in a working position, consisting of individual parts forming higher assemblies, which are functionally and constructively interconnected in such a way as to form a comprehensive solar arrays a through a bi-convex or plank-convex lens 2 mounted in a support frame - frame

2.1.

The support bars 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 are fastened to the center of the individual sides of the frame 2.1 and screwed in at the bottom with screws 5.1 to the square frame 5. This represents the connecting and, at the same time, the supporting component of the entire bearing structure of the lens 2, which has two Diametrically mounted two assemblies for height adjustment of load-bearing structure 5.2 Fig. 1 and 2 are views A-A, through which there are rectangular openings in which the height support beams 5.3 are inserted, with the toothed battens 5.3.1 mounted on the inner side walls of the height support beams 5.3.

Toothed battens 5.3.1 fig. 2 view A-A are conceptualized in the case when we want to install an electric motor drive for raising and lowering the load-bearing structure with lens 2. When manually lifting and lowering the load-bearing structure with lens 2, the clamping screw 5.2.1 helps us. 2, which can be screwed through the hole in the mounting bracket 5.2. and which engages the height support bar 5.3 when reaching the focal point on the exchanger 1 FIG.

The lower sections of the height support bars 5.3 FIG. 1 and 3 are engaged in the bearing axis 3.3.1, which is a connecting element on the bearing mechanisms 8.0 and 8.1, which are in the function of lowering and raising the bearing structure with the lens 2 from the vertical to the horizontal in both directions, so as to cover the angles of motion 180 °. All bearing mechanisms 7, 8.0 and 8.1 are illustrated. 1 and 2 are power devices with bearings and a complete gearbox system, which has the possibility of stopping in any angular position and also the possibility of installing an electromotor drive with electronics for tracing the sun from east to west. Nowadays, the systems available in the free trade network allow the tracking of the sun in azimuth and vertically, which means in all directions of the sun.

Bearing mechanisms 8.0 and 8.1 Fig.l are mounted on the manifold frame 4, on the free arms of the manifold body 4, which is U-shaped but with rectangular sides. All the bearing elements 7, 8.0 and 8.1 shown in FIG. 1 and 3, there are at least two threaded holes on the lower bearing wall in which the screws 4.1 are screwed on to the housing of the collector 4, which is constructed of square tubular thick-wall cross-sections. On both arms of the manifold frame 4 FIG. 1 and 3, at their ends, the same bearing mounting mechanisms 8.0 and 8.1 are mounted, which ensure the movements of the bearing structure with the lens 2, as described above.

In the middle of the connecting rod crossbar on the manifold frame 4 FIG. 1 and 3 also a mounting bearing mechanism 7 is mounted, which is two-point mounted on the bearing axis 3.3.1, by means of a further reinforced structure of the central carrier 3.3. This mount is the central load-bearing and power section, which must withstand all the loads and torsions when moving and adjusting the lens 2 and the entire load-bearing structure that is mounted on it. That is why we further strengthened this element by selecting stronger, higher quality materials and dimensions for the vertical support 3.3. 1 and 3, as well as for the upper bar 3.3.2. 3 and the fastening bar of the bearing mechanism 3.3.3 shown in FIG. 3. The assembled and welded assembly of these three supports 3.3 FIG. 3, a vertical or central structure support having an upper bracket welded to the upper side at an angle of 90 ° with the upper bracket 3.3.2, at which the fastening bar of the bearing mechanism 3.3.3 is also vertically welded at right angles, form the central bearing assembly of the whole structure devices.

Vertical beam 3.3 Fig. 3 and the vertical mounting bar 3.3.3 have bores in which the bearing axis 3.3.1 is inserted, which is further clamped by screws or by welding, and is fixed, inter alia, within these two bars, which further reinforces the entire assembly of the central structure. The bearing axis 3.3.1 can be seen in more detail in FIG. 3, it must be fixed because it is mounted on a load bearing mechanism 7, which carries all the weight and loads of the entire load-bearing structure with lens 2. Furthermore, in the lower part, the central support of structure 3.3 is fixed by the welding process to the support bar of the base 3.0 Fig. 1 and 3, respectively, into the hub formed by the bars to stabilize the pads 3.1 and 3.2.

These three crossbars 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 form the Y-shaped load-bearing base, giving the spacing between the arms 120 °, which gives the base maximum stability and therefore the entire system of concentrated solar collector.

Depending on the actual installation location of our concentrated solar collector, these three crossbars 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 can be replaced by a different carrier, which can be square, round or flat. Specially adapted load-bearing brackets are used for mounting on the walls of buildings, and a special load-bearing structure is made when placing two or more concentrated collectors in the line. In cases where we directly concrete the central support of structure 3.3, we do not exclude the possibility that all three support bars fall off, which means that we adjust this fastener to the location of our collector installation.

We have already described Figure 2 through Figure 1 and the individual components and components of our concentrated solar collector, so we will no longer describe it descriptively, but will only note that it shows all the innovativeness of our concentrated solar collector technical solution presented in this file. of the patent application, which indicates and presents a technical solution for adjusting the lens 2 FIG. 1 into the focus.

Plankonvex lens having a planar receiving surface serrated or. toothed, 2.0 fig. 5, and is inserted into the carrier frame 2.1 of the lens 2, was used primarily to obtain the largest receiving surface of the sun's rays. 1 and 3 to ensure maximum temperature transfers to the exchanger 1 FIG. 1, 8 and 9. The output collection part 2.2 of the plankonvex lens is a round, parabolic shape, which is in the function of refracting sunlight a and collecting it in an apparent vertical conical shape, with the top of the virtual cone being the focal point or focus.

In machine language, the focal point is the sum of all the energies of the sun's rays but at one point, which penetrate the surface of this virtual cone, which are our lens surfaces 2.0 sl. 5, 2.0.1 Figs. 6 and 2.0.2 Figs. 7. However, directing light to the focus is performed by the circumferential parabolic shape of our plankonvex or biconvex lens 2.2, 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 shown in FIG. 5, 6 and 7 in the same numerical order. In our case and in the illustrated drawings 1, 8 and 9, the focal point is our exchanger 1.

Figure 6 illustrates a plank-convex lens having a receiving surface of 2.0.1 flat and smooth, and the outlet-collecting surface 2.2.1 has already been described above. For the biconvex lens 2 shown in FIG. 7, however, both surfaces, receiving 2.0.2 and collecting 2.2.2, are of the same oval or polaroid shape and perform the same function as the lens described above, except that

lenses focal length / slightly smaller than that of plankonvex lenses. As a result, the supporting beams can be shorter in shape, which results in a lower price for the system as a whole.

Two types of exchanger 1, shown in FIG. 1, which also uses two different media of abstraction. In FIG. 8 is an exemplary exchanger 1 which uses water 1.5 supplied through pipeline 1.2 as the receiving medium, whereby water vapor 1.5.1 is discharged through the steam exhaust pipeline 1.1. Figure 9, however, illustrates an exchanger 1 having a capacitor 1.3 or a tube client between the supply line 1.2 and the discharge 1.1, which absorbs the heat of the medium 1.4 contained in the exchanger 1 in the form of high-temperature oils.

For the purpose of transmitting the power of sunlight, a reflective mirror of 10 sl was installed in our solar collector in front of the focal point. 3, which is a cold mirror, designed to intercept sunlight a, while not preventing the passage of IR rays but merely reflecting visible light to a bundle of optical cables. The technical feature of this mirror 10 is that the IR beams are still concentrated at one point - the focal point on the exchanger 1 of FIG. 1 and thus continue to function as the medium heating in the exchanger 1. Reflective Mirror Task 10 FIG. 3, which is mounted via the mirror carrier 10.1 to one, two or all four frame supports 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of FIG. 1 and 3, therefore, is to intercept the partially concentrated solar beams a and direct them to the opposite light receiver 11.1, which is in fact the open portion of the optical beam 11 FIG.

3.

Light a from mirror 10 fig. 3 is reflected in the optical fibers; 3, with which we distribute it to the desired location, ie to another space, for the purpose of lighting or decoration. Another technical option, which is much cheaper, is to replace the cold mirror with a regular mirror - a mirror that reflects IR rays into optical fiber cables. However, we must be very careful about the area of light input into the optical beam 11.1, as operating temperatures can rise at this point. Usually, this part is further cooled by the flow of air or forced circulation of the cooling medium, all in order to ensure normal operating temperatures at the inlet ll.lv optical beam 11.

Another possibility of transmitting light at a distance is when a prism 11.2 is connected to the optical fibers. 11 and assemble a color that has a directional light at the output of the light fibers 11 to the prism 11.2, then again direct different colors, each color to its optical

fiber 11.3, and then reassemble them into the desired light a, with the desired power (mEV) directed to the photovoltaic cell 11.4 to produce electricity. Some Photovoltaic Materials 11.4 FIG. 11, for example, need only some power to eject an electron and create a voltage. If light a is directed with higher power, then excess power exceeding a certain power will cause heat and losses will occur. If we compose light, say blue and green through fiber optics 11.3, to obtain a specified power, then even when directing multiple concentrated light to this material there is no overheating.

In order to better illustrate the sunlight transmission system a, FIG. 3 illustrates a design of a reflecting mirror 10 which is fixed via a mirror carrier 10.1 with an adjustable mirror carrier 9.0 to one of the supporting rails, in our embodiment, the cross member 6.2, which is mounted on the diagonal opposite side of the cross member 6.0, on which a bundle of optical cables 11 is mounted. with the light receiving portion 11.1 on the optical beam 11. The optical cable bundle 11 is also secured to the support bar 6.9 by means of an adjustable optical fiber bundle carrier 9.1. View B-B more closely illustrates the design solution of capturing reflected light a from mirror 10 to the receiving light portion 11.1 or the cut-off input surface on the fiber optic cable bundle 11, which is further transmitted to the desired location. The entire assembly of the optical cable or bundle 11 and the cut-in inputs of the optical cables 11.1 are clamped into a metal bushing or mounting clamp 9.1, called the adjustable mount for the optical fiber bundle 9.1.

To ensure the safety of the entire system against overheating and the uncontrolled focus focus of the concentrated beams shown in Fig. 10, we designed safety blinds 12 as a standalone assembly, which by means of the supporting structure of the blind 12.4 fig. 10, mounted and mounted on the lens mounting bracket. 1, 5, 6, and 7 thus make the system detachable. Its basic function is to operate automatically, ie the system detects an approximation to the upper limit temperature, starts closing the blinds 12.2 with the help of an electric motor drive 12.1. The connection between the electric motor drive 12.1 and the blinds 12.2 is made by means of a carrier mechanism for opening and closing the blinds 12.3.

The lateral anti-heat shielding of the concentrated part of the sun's rays a is carried out with four protective sides 13 FIG. 10 to prevent uncontrolled shift of focus or focus with

its points, and is at the same time a mechanical barrier to access for persons, animals, hard objects that can be applied by the wind and the like to a concentrated beam of light.

All four protective sides 13 are formally and overall adapted to the prism sides and lines formed by the sides of the lens mounting bracket 2.1 with the sides of the square frame 5 with at least two support bars 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. 1.

Claims (15)

1. A multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator on a conversion medium designed to be composed of individual components that form higher assemblies that are functionally and constructively interconnected in such a way as to form a complete solar energy collection device (a), coming through the lens (2) clamped into the frame (2.1) and the supporting bars (6.0), (6.1), (6.2) and (6.3) fastened in the lower part by screws in the lower part (5.1) to a square frame (5) which represents the connecting and at the same time supporting component of the entire bearing structure of the lens (2), which has two assemblies mounted on two diametrical sides for height adjustment of the supporting structure (5.2), having through them rectangular openings, in which height beams (5.3) are inserted, with toothed battens (5.3.1) mounted on the inner wall of height beams (5.3) such that the beams (5.3) are manually raised and lowered u Fasten the supporting structures with the lens (2) with the clamping screws (5.2.2), in the lower part of the height support bars (5.3), which are clamped in the bearing axis (3.3.1), which are the connecting element on the bearing mechanisms (8.0) ) and (8.1), which are mounted on the free legs of the manifold frame (4), but in the middle of the connecting bar crossbar on the manifold frame (4), also a mounting bearing mechanism (7) is mounted on the bearing axis (2). 3.3.1), by means of a further reinforced structure of the central support (3.3), with an upper crossbar (3.3.2) and a fastening crossbar of the bearing mechanism (3.3.3), with a vertical support (3.3) and a vertical fastening crossbar (3.3). .3) a bore in which the bearing axis (3.3.1) is inserted and fixed, to which the bearing bearing mechanism (7) is mounted, and in the lower part the central support of the structure (3.3) is fixed to the supporting crossbar of the base (3.0), to a hub with a 120 ° spacing formed by barriers to stabilize it paragraphs (3.1) and (3.2). • · · 2. The multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator on the conversion medium, as claimed in claim 1, designed so that the exchanger (1) is an integral and key component of a complete concentrated solar collector system as a stand-alone device mounted in the lens focus (2). A multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the lens can be biconvex (2.0.2), plank convex (2.0.1) and a Fresnel tooth with a toothed part (2.0) or (2.2). Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to conversion medium according to claim 1, designed to project the sun's rays (a) through a biconvex (2.0.2), plank-convex (2.0.1) or Fresnel tooth with a toothed part (2.0), or (2.2) break on the exit side (2.2), (2.2.2) and (2.2.1) and create a seemingly vertically visible cone whose point of contact with all the sun's rays a is the focal point or focus. Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the system is designed to manually or electrically adjust the height of the supporting structure (5.2) and thereby adjust the focus of the concentrated light collector. • · Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the system is based on manual or electromotor adjustability of sun-to-west tracking of sun movements and is carried out by at least one horizontal bearing tilting mechanism (7 ) and at least two bearing mechanisms (8.0) and (8.1) for the vertical inclination of the concentrated light collector. Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the horizontal bearing tilting mechanism (7) is fixed to the vertical carrier (3.3) and the vertical fixing bar (3.3.3) by means of a fixed the fixed axles of the bearing (3.3.1). Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the entire structure of the collector with the lens (2) is fixed through a central structure support (3.3) welded to the hub of the base consisting of at least three rungs, such as the support crossbar of the base (3.0) and the stabilizer crossbars (3.1, 3.2), which are mounted at an angle of 120 ° to the support crossbar of the base (3.0). 9. Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator on the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed to refract through the plank-convex lens (2.0) having a planar receiving plate toothed through the planar output side (2.2.) and by means of a mirror (10), which may be a cold or ordinary mirror located between the collecting part of the lens (2.2) and the focal point, is routed to the front of the fiber optic cable (11), which represents this receiving portion of light (11.1) through which light enters and travels through the optical beam (11). Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to the conversion medium according to claim 1, designed to attach the mirror (10) with the adjustable mirror carrier (9.0) at least at one point to the support bar (6.2) by means of a mirror carrier (10.1). ) with a lens frame (2), while an adjustable optical fiber bundle bracket (9.1) is mounted on the opposite diametrical crossbar to which a bundle of optical cables (11) is attached. 11. The multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator on the conversion medium according to claim 1, which is designed to be designed for the safety of the entire overheating system by making safety blinds (12) as a stand-alone assembly, which is supported by a blind structure ( 12.4) The blinds (12.2) shall be clamped and mounted on the lens mounting bracket (2.1) so as to be detachable and to operate automatically, such that when the system detects an approaching limit upper temperature, the blinds (12.2) are closed by means of an electric motor drive (12.1) , by means of a supporting mechanism for opening and closing the blinds (12.3), which connects the electric motor drive (12.1) and the blinds (12.2). • · · · Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator to conversion medium according to claim 1, designed so that the lateral anti-thermal protection of the concentrated part of the sun's rays (a) is provided with four protective sides (13) that are adapted to the prism sides and lines in shape and dimension formed by the sides of the lens support frame (2.1) with the sides of the square frame (5) with at least two support bars (6.0), (6.1), (6.2) and (6.3). 13. Multifunctional self-adjusting solar energy concentrator on the conversion medium, according to claim 2, designed so that the exchanger (1) can be placed as a stand-alone device in the focal point of the lens (2), designed to flow water through it ( 1.5.0) as the medium to be converted to water vapor (1.5.1) and secondly to the installation of a tube-condenser with forced circulation (1.3) in the exchanger, which receives thermal energy from the heated medium (1.4), which it can be high temperature oil. A multifunctional self-adjusting solar concentrator of solar energy to the conversion medium according to claim 9, designed to be diverted by the divergence of sunlight (a) to the optical fiber bundle (11), thereby making this cross section a receiving portion of light ( 11.1) through which light (a) enters and travels through the optical beam (11) to the desired point where this light is used for illumination. 15. Multifunctional self-adjusting solar concentrator of solar energy to the conversion medium according to claim 9, designed to be diverted by the diversion of sunlight (a) to the optical fiber bundle (11), thereby constituting the receiving portion of light ( 11.1), through which light (a) enters and travels through the optical beam (11) to a prism (11.2), which splits that light into the color spectrum, which is then transmitted through each optical fiber (11.3) and directed to the photovoltaic (11.4) to produce electricity, while reducing the overheating of the photovoltaic cell (11.4), thereby increasing its efficiency.