SI23091A

SI23091A - Separator

Info

Publication number: SI23091A
Application number: SI200900196A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Rajko Bernik
Original assignee: UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BiotehniĹˇka fakulteta
Priority date: 2009-07-15
Filing date: 2009-07-15
Publication date: 2011-01-31

Abstract

A separator comprises an appropriately stiff bearing frame (1), which is bindable with a standard three-point tractor hitch mechanism via a hitch assembly (2), a shovel assembly (3) for shovelling soil down to a predetermined depth (H1), a crusher (5) and a vibration screen (6) arranged in the area beneath the latter, as well as a conveyor (4) for feeding soil from the shovel assembly (3) to the crusher (5). The screen (6) according to the invention, which comprises openings (60) with predetermined dimensions, is adapted to receive mixtures of non-clumped and disintegrated parts of fertile soil with stones and similar harder infertile clumps of loan or other material, fed from the crusher (5), and to separate, at the same time, the said disintegrated particles of fertile soil from considerably bigger stone pieces and other infertile parts, where the said screen (6) is designed as a vibration screen and arranged in the area beneath the crusher (5), and this in such a manner, that it is tilted and directed forward and downward with regard to the separator's driving direction (V), in which case the inclination of the upper surface (62) of the screen (6), which is turned away form from the ground, is at least such that it assures rolling of stones and other harder infertile parts on the said surface (62) of the screen (6) in the progressive direction (V) of driving and by this deposition, with regard to the direction (V) of driving, of the said stones and other harder infertile parts before the area of deposition of particles of fertile soil, falling through the said openings (30) of the screen (6).

Description

UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANIUNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA

Biotehniška fakultetaBiotechnical Faculty

MPK⁸ : A 01 B 77/00MPK ⁸ : A 01 B 77/00

SeparatorSeparator

Izum se nanaša na separator, še zlasti na traktorsko gnan za izboljšanje kmetijskih površin v smislu ločevanja kamenja in grud od rodovitne obdelovalne zemlje, s čimer se ustvari dovolj debelo površinsko plast kakovostne in rodovitne obdelovalne zemlje za gojenje relevantnih kultur, še zlasti npr. krompirja ali podobnih. Po Mednarodni klasifikaciji patentov so izumi te vrste v okviru tekočih življenjskih potrebščin uvrščeni na področje kmetijstva, še zlasti na področje obdelovanja kmetijskih površin, namreč k strojem za obdelovanje kmetijskih površin.The invention relates to a separator, and in particular to a tractor driven to improve agricultural land in terms of separating stones and lumps from fertile arable land, thereby creating a sufficiently thick surface layer of quality and fertile arable land for cultivation of the relevant crops, in particular e.g. potatoes or the like. According to the International Patent Classification, inventions of this kind are classified in the field of agriculture, in particular in the field of agricultural land, namely agricultural machinery, in the context of liquid consumer goods.

Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako zasnovati separator, ki bo na voljo kot traktorski priključek in ki bo omogočal ekonomično in tudi logistično nezahtevno separacijo obdelovalne zemlje v smislu izločanja kamenja in trdih grud iz ilovice ali podobnih nerodovitnih sestavin ter s tem zagotavljanje primemo debele površinske plasti rahle in rodovitne obdelovalne zemlje.The invention is based on the problem of how to design a separator, which will be available as a tractor attachment, which will allow economical as well as logistically undemanding separation of the cultivated soil in the sense of eliminating rocks and hard clumps from loam or similar irregular components, thereby ensuring that thick surface layers of light and fertile arable land.

Strokovnjakom je znano, da za ekonomično pridelovanje posameznih kultur v kmetijstvu plast rodovitne zemlje vsakokrat potrebne globine predstavlja enega ključnih pogojev. Vsebnost kamenja ali drugih nerodovitnih sestavin zemlje, npr. sprimkov ilovice ali podobnih, v znatni meri zmanjšuje možnost razvoja gojenih rastlin, hkrati pa otežuje ali celo preprečuje strojno obdelovanje ali vsaj povečuje možnost poškodovanja ali iztrošenja kmetijske mehanizacije.It is well known to experts that for the economical cultivation of individual crops in agriculture, the layer of fertile soil always has the necessary depth to be one of the key conditions. Content of rocks or other non-fertile soil components, e.g. clay loam or similar significantly reduces the potential for the development of cultivated plants, while at the same time complicates or even prevents machining, or at least increases the chance of damage to or damage to agricultural machinery.

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US 7,055,698 predlaga separator, s pomočjo katerega je možno s površine obdelovalnih površin pobirati kamenje in ga zatem odvažati. Tovrsten separator obsega podvozje s prosto vrtljivima kolesoma, na katerem je pritrjen vsebnik za shranjevanje izločenega kamenja in grud. Omenjeno podvozje je priključljivo h klasičnemu poljedelskemu traktorju in je potem s pomočjo traktorja vlečeno po površini obdelovalne zemlje. Pred omenjenim vsebnikom je na podvozju nadalje na voljo separacijski sklop, ki je zasnovan kot rešetka oz. sito, ki prepušča delce z izmerami pod vnaprej določeno vrednostjo. Omenjen separacijski sklop je na čisto prednjem delu - spet gledano v smeri vožnje - opremljen s posnemalnim robom, ki je glede na položaj koles separatorja in traktorja razporejen v nivoju podlage ali celo pod omenjenim nivojem. Ko tovrsten separator premikajo po obdelovalni površini, omenjen posnemalni rob zajema zgornjo plast obdelovalne zemlje vključno s kamenjem, grudami in drugimi predmeti, ki se tam nahajajo. Tako zajet material potem zaradi premikanja separatorja napreduje v območje separacijskega sklopa, kjer se delci z dimenzijami pod vnaprej določeno mero ločijo od preostalih delov in padejo nazaj na obdelovalno površino, medtem ko se preostali deli večjih izmer odlagajo v vsebniku. Ko se vsebnik napolni, je treba s separacijo prekiniti in separator odpeljati na mesto oz. deponijo, kjer se vsebnik izprazni, nakar se separacija lahko nadaljuje. Na omenjeni deponiji se poleg kamenja nahaja znatna količina sicer rodovitne zemlje, ki pa je sprijeta v kepe oz. grude in je naprava po nepotrebnem zajame skupaj s kamenjem in drugimi predmeti. Razen tega pa obdelava zemlje s tovrstnim separatorjev v osnovi ne rešuje problema separacije, saj odstrani zgolj kamenje vključno z omenjenimi grudami obdelovalne zemlje zgolj s površine obdelovalne zemlje. Pri nadaljnjem obdelovanju zemlje, še zlasti med oranjem, na površino vedno znova prihaja kamenje, ki se nahaja pod površino obdelovalne zemlje, zato je treba tovrstno separacijo ponavljati vedno znova, kar je - upoštevajoč tudi odvažanje na deponijo in vključno z izgubo znatne količine obdelovalne zemlje - izjemno neekonomično.US 7,055,698 proposes a separator by means of which it is possible to collect stones from the surface and then to remove them. Such a separator comprises a chassis with freely rotating wheels, on which a container for storing discarded stones and lumps is attached. This chassis is connected to a conventional agricultural tractor and is then towed over the surface of the cultivated soil by means of a tractor. In front of the said container, there is further a separation assembly on the chassis, which is designed as a grille or. a sieve that passes particles with measurements below a predetermined value. Said separation assembly is provided on the clean front - again in the direction of travel - with a skimming edge arranged according to the position of the wheels of the separator and the tractor at ground level or even below said level. When such a separator is moved over the cultivating surface, said skimming edge covers the top layer of the cultivated soil including rocks, lumps and other objects therein. The material thus captured then advances to the area of the separation assembly due to the movement of the separator, where particles with dimensions below a predetermined dimension are separated from the remaining parts and fall back to the working surface, while the remaining larger parts are deposited in the container. Once the container is filled, the separation must be stopped and the separator removed. the landfill where the container is emptied and the separation can continue. In addition to the rocks, there is a considerable amount of otherwise fertile soil in the landfill, but it is clumped into clumps. lumps and the device is unnecessarily captured along with stones and other objects. In addition, treating the soil with this kind of separators does not solve the problem of separation, since it removes only rocks, including the mentioned clumps of cultivated soil, from the surface of the cultivated soil only. During further tillage, especially during plowing, the rocks below the surface of the arable land are brought back to the surface, so this separation must be repeated over and over again, which is - taking into account dumping into the landfill and including the loss of a significant amount of arable land. - extremely uneconomical.

Nadalje je v EP 1 248 511 BI opisan kmetijski stroj za ločevanje delov obdelovalne zemlje, ki je prav tako zasnovan kot traktorski priključek in sestoji iz podvozja, separacijskega sklopa in vsebnika za zbiranje kamenja in podobnih nerodovitnih sestavin obdelovalne zemlje. Na podvozju je predviden rotacijski pobiralnik zemlje, ki v območju pred separacijskim delom prekoplje zemljo do vnaprej določene globine in jo nalaga na tračni transporter, s katerim se zemljo transportira do drobilnika, iz katerega izstopajoč material se odlaga na separacijski sklop, ki sestoji iz brezkončnega transporterja v obliki grobega sita in pod njim razporejenega tračnega transporterja. V omenjenem drobilniku se vrši mehanska dezintegracija grudaste zemljine, pri čemer se v grude sprijeta obdelovalna zemlja dezintegrira v manjše dele, medtem ko kamenje in trši konglomerati iz ilovice ali iz drugih nerodovitnih sestavin obdržijo svojo obliko in velikost. Po izstopu od drobilnika se na grobem rešetkastem brezkončnem situ drobni delci dimenzij, ki so manjše od vnaprej določenih, ločijo od kamenja in konglomeratov in padejo na spodaj nahajajoč se transportni trak, s katerim se jih transportira proti zadnjemu delu separatorja, kjer se jih odlaga nazaj na obdelovalno površino. Izločene grobe delce, namreč kamenje in trde sprimke nerodovitnih sestavin obdelovalne zemlje se s pomočjo zgornjega, kot sito zasnovanega transporterja vodi v vsebnik. Velika prednost tovrstne naprave v primerjavi z US 7,055,698 je zlasti v tem, da ne pobira zgolj kamenja in sprimkov s površine obdelovalne zemlje, marveč zemljo separira do vnaprej določene globine, pri čemer je izboljšana tudi učinkovitost v pogledu nesmiselnega izločanja in odvažanja sprimkov rodovitne zemlje. Vsem prednostim navkljub pa je tovrstna naprava še vedno izkazuje določene pomanjkljivosti. Tako je npr. še vedno neizogibno odvažanje izločenega kamenja, kar je povezano z znatnimi stroški prekladanja in prevažanja in kar ima posredno za posledico tudi drugo pomembno pomanjkljivost. Potem, ko iz obdelovalne zemlje izločijo kamenje druge nerodovitne sestavine, se namreč debelina obdelovalne zemlje na površini temu ustrezno zmanjša, zaradi česar se med nadaljnjim obdelovanjem zemlje kamenje in drugi sprimku nerodovitnih sestavin obdelovalne zemlje znova premešajo s predhodno ustvarjeno, a stanjšano rodovitno plastjo zemlje.Further, EP 1 248 511 BI describes an agricultural machine for separating parts of cultivated soil, which is also designed as a tractor attachment and consists of a chassis, separation assembly and container for collecting stones and similar irregular components of cultivated soil. The landing gear is provided with a rotary earth picker which, in the area before the separation part, digs the soil to a predetermined depth and loads it onto a belt conveyor, by which the soil is transported to a crusher, from which the protruding material is deposited on a separation assembly consisting of an endless conveyor. in the form of a coarse sieve and a conveyor belt arranged below it. Mechanical disintegration of the clay soil is carried out in said crusher, the clay-treated soil being disintegrated into smaller parts, while the rocks and stubborn conglomerates of loam or other non-fertile constituents retain their shape and size. Upon exiting the crusher, fine coarse-grained infinite situ fine particles smaller than predetermined are separated from the rocks and conglomerates and fall onto the conveyor belt below, which is transported towards the back of the separator, where they are deposited back to the working surface. The separated coarse particles, namely the stones and the hard springs of the irregular components of the cultivated soil, are transported to the container by means of a sieve-designed conveyor. The great advantage of this type of device compared to US 7,055,698 is that it not only picks up stones and grafts from the surface of cultivated soil, but separates the soil to a predetermined depth, and also improves efficiency in the meaningless extraction and removal of fertile soil grafts. Despite all the advantages, this type of device still exhibits certain disadvantages. Thus, e.g. the removal of discarded stones is still inevitable, which is associated with the considerable costs of loading and transporting, which indirectly results in another significant drawback. After the rocks of other non-fertile constituents are removed from the cultivated soil, the thickness of the cultivated soil on the surface is reduced accordingly, causing the stones to be mixed again with the previously created but thinned fertile soil layer during further cultivation of the soil and other non-fertile cultivated soil components.

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Predmetni izum se nanaša na separator, ki obsega ustrezno togo nosilno ogrodje, kije preko priključnega sklopa povezljivo s klasičnim tritočkovnim priključnim mehanizmom traktorja in po izbiri opremljeno z ustreznim podvozjem ali vsaj enim podpornim kolesom. Separator nadalje obsega glede na smer vožnje na njegovem prednjem delu razporejen zajemalni sklop, ki je prirejen za zajemanje zemljine do vnaprej določene globine, ki jo definira spodnji prednji rob po izbiri z ustreznimi zobmi opremljenega zajemalnega sklopa. Separator nadalje obsega vsaj en drobilnik, ki je prirejen za drobljenje v grude sprijete obdelovalne zemlje in za ločevanje s kamenjem sprijete rodovitne zemlje od kamenja, kot tudi vsaj eno sito za ločevanje rodovitne zemlje od kamenja ali drugih nerodovitnih sprimkov ilovice ali drugih snovi, obenem pa tudi vsa vsaj en transporter, ki je prirejen za transport zemljine od omenjenega zajemalnega sklopa proti omenjenemu drobilniku.The present invention relates to a separator comprising a suitable rigid support frame which is connected via a coupling assembly to a conventional three-point tractor coupling mechanism and optionally provided with a suitable chassis or at least one support wheel. The separator further comprises, in relation to the direction of travel at its front, a gripping assembly arranged to capture the soil to a predetermined depth defined by the lower front edge optionally with corresponding teeth of the equipped gripping assembly. The separator further comprises at least one shredder adapted for grinding into clumps of cultivated soil and stoning fertile soil from stones, as well as at least one sieve for separating fertile soil from rocks or other irregular clay loam or other matter, and also any at least one conveyor adapted for transporting soil from said pickup assembly to said shredder.

Po izumu pa je odprtine vnaprej določenih dimenzij obsegajoče sito separatorja prirejeno za prejem od drobilnika dovajane zmesi med seboj nesprijetih in dezintegriranih delov rodovitne zemlje ter kamenja in podobnih trših nerodovitnih sprimkov ilovice ali drugih in obenem za ločevanje omenjenih dezintegriranih delcev rodovitne zemlje od znatno večjih kosov kamenja in drugih trših nerodovitnih delov, pri čemer je omenjeno sito zasnovano kot vibracijsko sito in razporejeno v območju pod drobilnikom, in sicer na tak način, da je nagnjeno in glede na smer vožnje separatorja usmerjeno naprej in navzdol, pri čemer je nagib od podlage vstran obrnjene zgornje površine sita vsaj tolikšen, da zagotavlja kotaljenje kamenja in drugih trših nerodovitnih delov po omenjeni zgornji površini sita v progresivni smeri vožnje ter odlaganje omenjenega kamenja in drugih trših nerodovitnih delov glede na smer vožnje pred območjem odlaganja skozi omenjene odprtine sita padajočih delcev rodovitne zemlje.According to the invention, openings of predetermined dimensions comprising a separator sieve are adapted for receiving from the crusher a feed mixture of mutually inadmissible and disintegrated portions of fertile soil and rocks and similar hardwoods of loamy clay loam or other, and at the same time separating said disintegrated particles of fertile soil from the substantially disintegrated pieces of fertile soil. and other stubbornly irregular parts, said screen being designed as a vibrating screen and arranged in the area below the shredder, in such a way that it is inclined and oriented forward and downward with respect to the direction of the separator, with the slope facing away from the base. the upper surface of the sieve at least in such a way as to allow the rolling of rocks and other stiffened irregular parts along said upper surface of the sieve in a progressive direction of travel, and the deposition of said stones and other stiffened irregular parts with respect to the direction of travel before depositing through said openings of the sieve of falling particles of the genus cover countries.

Pri tem je omenjeno vibracijsko sito prednostno premakljivo s pomočjo ekscentra, ki je gnan s pomočjo hidromotorja, ki je povezljiv v hidravlični tokokrog hidravličnega agregata na vsakokratnem traktorju, kije predviden za vleko in pogon separatorja.Said vibrating sieve is preferably movable by means of an eccentric driven by a hydraulic motor, which is connected to the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic unit on each tractor intended to tow and drive the separator.

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Še zlasti je prednostno, če je vibracijsko sito premakljivo s pomočjo hidromotorja, s pomočjo katerega sta preko ustreznega transmisij skega sklopa sočasno gnana tudi transporter in drobilnik. Pri tem je omenjeni transporter prednostno na voljo kot brezkončni tračni transporter. Razen tega omenjeni drobilnik prednostno obsega vsaj eno gred, kije opremljena z rotacijskimi palci, še zlasti pa je prednostno, če omenjeni drobilnik obsega vsaj dve bodisi protismerno ali istosmemo z različno hitrostjo vrteči se gredi, od katerih je vsaka opremljena z rotirajočimi palci.It is particularly advantageous if the vibrating sieve is movable by means of a hydromotor, by means of which the conveyor and the shredder are simultaneously driven through a suitable transmission assembly. Said conveyor is preferably available as an endless belt conveyor. In addition, said shredder preferably comprises at least one shaft equipped with rotary thumbs, and particularly preferably if said shredder comprises at least two counter-rotating or simultaneous rotating shafts, each equipped with rotating thumbs.

Izum bo v nadaljevanju obrazložen s primerom izvedbe in v povezavi s priloženo skico, kjerThe invention will now be explained by way of example and in connection with the accompanying drawing, where

Sl.l kaže separator v perspektivi,Fig. 1 shows the separator in perspective,

Sl. 2 separator v pogledu od spredaj;FIG. 2 separator in front view;

Sl. 3 separator v pogledu od strani;FIG. 3 separator in side view;

Sl. 4 pa separator po Sl. 3 med obratovanjem.FIG. 4 is a separator according to FIG. 3 during operation.

Separator po izumu (Sl. 1) obsega nosilno ogrodje 1, kije po izbiri lahko opremljeno z neprikazanim podvozjem, obsegajočim bodisi os z vsaj dvema kolesoma ali vsaj eno podporno kolo. Omenjeno ogrodje 1 nadalje obsega vsaj priključni sklop 2 za povezavo separatorja s prav tako neprikazanim klasičnim tritočkovnim priključnim mehanizmom traktorja, kot tudi zajemalni sklop 3 za zajemanje zemlje, namreč zmesi kamenja in rodovitne zemlje, do vnaprej določene globine HI (Sl. 4), še nadalje transporter 4 za transp ortiranj e zajete zemlje do drobilnika 5 ter vibracijsko sito 6, kije razporejeno v območju pod omenjenim drobilnikom 5, in sicer na tak način, da je v smeri vožnje V navzdol upoševljeno.The separator of the invention (Fig. 1) comprises a support frame 1, which may optionally be provided with a non-shown chassis comprising either an axle with at least two wheels or at least one support wheel. The aforementioned frame 1 further comprises at least a coupling assembly 2 for connecting the separator with a similarly unspecified classic three-point tractor coupling mechanism, as well as a coupling assembly 3 for soil capture, namely a mixture of rocks and fertile soil, to a predetermined depth HI (Fig. 4), further, conveyor 4 for transporting the covered soil to the shredder 5 and a vibrating sieve 6 disposed in the area below said shredder 5, in such a way that the downward direction of travel is taken into account.

Zajemalni sklop 3 je v prikazanem primeru škatlasto zasnovan in obsega več prekatov 30, pri čemer je njegov spodnji prednji rob 31, s katerim je določena globina HI zajemanja zemlje, opremljen z ustrezno trdimi zobmi 32, ki olajšajo zajemanje zlasti kamenja in drugih trših sprimkov ilovice ali drugih trših predmetov. V prikazanem primeru je zajemalni sklop prirejen za zajemanje zemlje s predhodno preorane • · · kmetijske površine. Kadar gre za zajemanje zemlje z neobdelane površine, je zajemalni sklop po izbiri opremljen z ustreznim dodatkom za prekopavanje ali drugačno rahljanje zemlje za potrebe karseda preprostega in učinkovitega zajemanja.The gripping assembly 3 is box-shaped in the example shown and comprises several chambers 30, with its lower front edge 31, which determines the depth of the HI of the land capture, provided with sufficiently rigid teeth 32 that facilitate the capture in particular of rocks and other hard clay loam or other hard objects. In the example shown, the landing gear is adapted to capture land from a previously plowed farmland. In the case of uncultivated land grabbing, the pickup assembly is optionally equipped with a suitable accessory for digging or otherwise loosening the soil for the purpose of simple and efficient capture.

Transporter 4 je v prikazanem primeru na voljo kot brezkončen tračni transporter, katerega obodna hitrost je večja od hitrosti premikanja samega separatorja v smeri V vožnje. Transporter 4 je v osnovi prirejen za učinkovit transport zemljine, namreč zmesi kamenja in rodovitne zemlje, do drobilnika 5. Pri tem je transporter 4 načeloma tako dimenzionira, da je glede na vsakokrat izbrano hitrost premikanja separatorja v smeri V vožnje zmožen transportirati vsakokrat razpoložljivo količino zemljine, ki je sorazmerna z globino HI zajemanja.In this example, Transporter 4 is available as a continuous belt conveyor whose circumferential velocity is greater than the velocity of the separator moving in the V direction of travel. Conveyor 4 is basically adapted for the efficient transportation of soil, namely a mixture of rocks and fertile soil, to the crusher 5. In this case, conveyor 4 is sized in such a way that, depending on the speed of movement of the separator in the direction of travel, it is capable of transporting the available amount of soil at any time. , which is proportional to the depth of the HI capture.

V prikazanem primeru je transporter 4 gnan skupaj z drobilnikom 5 in sitom 6 s pomočjo hidromotorja 7 in preko ustreznega transmisijskega sklopa 8, ki v prikazanem primeru sestoji vsaj iz ustreznih jermenic 81 in jermena 82. Omenjeni hidromotor 7 je hidravlično povezljiv s hidravličnim tokokrogom vsakokratnega traktorja in je prednostno tako prirejen, da omogoča spreminjanje hitrosti delovanja transporterja 4, drobilnika 5 in sita 6.In the example shown, the conveyor 4 is driven together with the crusher 5 and the sieve 6 by means of a hydraulic motor 7 and through a suitable transmission assembly 8, which in this case consists of at least the corresponding pulleys 81 and a belt 82. Said hydraulic motor 7 is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic circuit of the respective tractor and is preferably adapted to vary the speed of operation of conveyor 4, shredder 5 and sieve 6.

Drobilnik 5 v prikazanem primeru sestoji iz več gredi 51 z na sebi nameščenimi rotirajočimi palci 52. Ko zemljina, namreč v grobem zmes kamenja in rodovitne zemlje, s transporterja 4 v območje drobilnika, zahvaljujoč vrtenju gredi 51 omenjeni palci 52 udarjajo po zemljini in drobijo grude, obenem pa ločijo rodovitno zemljo od kamenja ali drugih trših predmetov, nakar vse skupaj pada navzdol na površino pod drobilnikom razporejenega vibracijskega sita 6.The crusher 5 in this example consists of several shafts 51 with rotating thumbs 52 mounted on them. When the soil, namely a rough mixture of rocks and fertile soil, moves from the conveyor 4 to the crusher area, thanks to the rotation of the shaft 51, said thumbs 52 strike the earth and crush the lumps. , at the same time separating fertile soil from rocks or other hard objects, and then falling down to the surface beneath the shredder of the distributed vibrating screen 6.

Kot je že bilo omenjeno, je vibracijsko sito 6 nagnjeno, in sicer na tak način, da je upoševljeno v smeri vožnje V naprej in navzdol. Vibracijsko sito 6, kije gnano skupaj z drobilnikom 5 in transporterjem 4 s pomočjo hidromotorja 7 in posredno preko transmisijskega sklopa 8 in ustreznega ekscentra 61, ki je na Sl. 3 in 4 ponazorjen • * · • · povsem shematično, obsega primerne odprtine 60, skozi katere med napredovanjem separatorja po terenu padajo manjši delci, namreč rodovitna zemlja. Po drugi strani se večji deli, npr. kamenje ali trši nerodovitni sprimki ilovice ali drugih snovi odkotalijo po površini sita 6 v smeri vožnje in padejo na tla. Zahvaljujoč opisani zasnovi separatorja po izumu pa kamenje in trši nerodovitni deli zemljine padejo na tla pred deli rodovitne zemlje, tako da se po separaciji na tla odlagajo najprej kamenje in nerodovitni sprimki, ki tvorijo spodnjo plast separirane zemljine debeline oz. višine H2 (Sl. 4),. Preko katere se potem natrosi plast rahle rodovitne zemlje debeline oz. višine H3.As mentioned earlier, the vibrating sieve 6 is tilted in such a way that it is considered in the forward and downward direction. The vibrating sieve 6, which is driven together with the crusher 5 and the conveyor 4 by means of a hydraulic motor 7 and indirectly via the transmission assembly 8 and the corresponding eccentric 61 which is in FIG. 3 and 4 illustrated in a purely schematic fashion, it comprises suitable openings 60 through which, as the separator advances through the field, smaller particles, namely fertile soil, fall. On the other hand, larger parts, e.g. rocks or harder irregular clumps of loam or other matter roll along the surface of sieve 6 in the direction of travel and fall to the ground. Thanks to the described design of the separator according to the invention, the rocks and stubborn irregular parts of the earth fall to the ground in front of the parts of fertile soil, so that after the separation, stones and irregular clutches are deposited first, forming the lower layer of separated earth thickness or thickness. height H2 (Fig. 4),. A layer of slightly fertile soil of thickness or thickness is then poured over it. height H3.

S tem se zahvaljujoč separatorju po izumu na globini H3 ustvari plast rodovitne zemlje, pod katero se nahaja plast kamenja in nerodovitnih sprimkov debeline H2, s čimer je zagotovljena potrebna kakovost obdelovalne zemlje, obenem pa odpadejo vsi stroški v zvezi z odvažanjem izločenega kamenja in podobnih nerodovitnih sestavin zemlje.This, thanks to the separator according to the invention at depth H3, creates a layer of fertile soil beneath which is a layer of stones and irregular clumps of H2 thickness, thus ensuring the required quality of cultivated soil, while eliminating all costs associated with the removal of discarded stones and similar non-fertile constituents of the earth.

Claims

A separator comprising a suitable rigid support frame (1) which is connected to the conventional three-point tractor link mechanism via the coupling assembly (2) and optionally provided with a suitable chassis or at least one support wheel, as well as depending on the direction (V) of travel a clamping assembly (3) arranged at the front of the separator adapted to capture the earth to a predetermined depth (HI) defined by the lower front edge (31) optionally with corresponding teeth (32) of the provided clamping assembly (3); at least one shredder (5) adapted for crushing cultivated soil and for separating rocks from fertile soil from rocks, at least one sieve (6) for separating fertile soil from stones and other irregular clay loam and other substances at the same time as well as all at least one conveyor (4) adapted for transporting soil from the collecting assembly (3) to the crusher (5), characterized in that the openings (60) have predetermined dimensions along extending sieves (6) adapted for receiving from the crusher (5) a feed mixture of mutually inappropriate and disintegrated portions of fertile soil and stones and similar hard non-fertile clumps of loam and others, and at the same time separating said disintegrated fragments of fertile soil from substantially larger pieces of rock and other trusses the irregular parts, said screen (6) being designed as a vibrating screen and arranged in the area below the shredder (5) in such a way that it tilts and, with respect to the direction of travel (V), the separator is directed forward and downward, the slope from the substrate of the upper surface (62) of the sieve (6) at least in such a way as to ensure that the stones and other stiffened non-fertile parts roll along said surface (62) of the sieve (6) in a progressive direction (V), thereby depositing said stones and other stubborn non-fertile parts with respect to the direction (V) of travel ahead of the deposition zone through said openings (30) of the sieve (6) of the falling fragments of fertile soil.

Separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrating sieve (6) is movable by means of an eccentric (61) driven by a hydraulic motor (7) which is connected to the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic unit on each tractor intended for separator tow and drive.

Separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vibrating sieve (6) is movable by means of a hydromotor (7) by means of which the conveyor (4) and the shredder (5) are simultaneously driven through the respective transmission assembly (8). ).

Separator according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the conveyor (4) is available as an endless conveyor belt.

Separator according to one of Claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the shredder (5) comprises at least one shaft (52) equipped with rotary thumbs (52).

Separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the shredder (5) comprises at least two anti-rotating shafts (51), each of which is provided with rotating thumbs (52).

Separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the shredder (5) comprises at least two simultaneous but differently rotating shafts (51), each of which is provided with rotating thumbs (52).