SI23042A

SI23042A - Gas arrester with metal enclosure and conductive layer applied on an insulating element

Info

Publication number: SI23042A
Application number: SI200900120A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Ranko PeĹˇiÄŤ; Andrej Pregelj; Otmar Zorn
Original assignee: Iskra ZaĹˇÄŤite d.o.o.
Priority date: 2009-04-24
Filing date: 2009-04-24
Publication date: 2010-10-29

Abstract

Subject of the invention is a gas arrester with metal enclosure and conductive layer applied on an insulating element, which includes a metal enclosure (1) acting as the external electrode, an internal electrode (2), a primary insulating element (3), a secondary insulating element (5), a gas filling featuring a gas mixture inside the metal enclosure (4) and implemented with a conductive layer (6) on the primary (3) or secondary (5) insulating element in the form of traces (6) based on carbon, preferably graphite. The specified layer which is made in the form of traces on the primary or secondary insulating element (3, 5) is of key importance for the response during the voltage increase on the electrodes of the gas arrester and ensures faster response times than state of the art devices. In cases when on the electrodes of the gas arrester the voltage increases at a rate faster than 1 kV/us the result is ignition under lower voltages than provided by state of the art gas arresters with metal enclosure, while the dissipation of ignition voltages required for the ignition of the gas arrester according to this invention is smaller.

Description

PLINSKI ODVODNIK S KOVINSKIM OHIŠJEM IN Z NANOSOM PREVODNE PLASTI NA IZOLATIVNEM ELEMENTUGas arrester with metal housing and application of a conductive layer on an insulating element

Področje izumaFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Izum se nanaša na plinske odvodnike s kovinskim ohišjem, ki se uporabljajo v prenapetostnih zaščitah, ko pričakujemo zalo visoke napetosti in tokove.The invention relates to gas arresters with metal housings used in surge protectors when high voltages and currents are expected.

Ozadje izumaBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Plinske odvodnike uporabljamo v prenapeto stnih zaščitah razreda I in II, kjer pričakujemo visoke prenapetostne in tokovne preobremenitve. Uporabljamo jih pretežno v inštalacijskih sistemih tipa TN in TT. Plinski odvodnik v splošnem vključuje dve elektrodi ločeni z izolatorjem in hermetično zaprto notranjost napolnjeno s plinsko mešanico. Delujejo kot nekakšno iskrišče, kjer razdalja med elektrodami in plinska mešanica določata vžigno napetost.Gas arresters are used in Class I and II surge protectors, where high overvoltages and overloads are expected. They are mainly used in TN and TT installation systems. The gas arrester generally includes two electrodes separated by an insulator and a hermetically sealed interior filled with the gas mixture. They act as a kind of spark where the distance between the electrodes and the gas mixture determine the ignition voltage.

Ko napetost na plinskem odvodniku naraste nad določeno mejo, pride do preboja v plinu. Preboj ima tlilno in obločno fazo. Po končanem udaru mora priti po stanju pri plinskih odvodnikih do ugašanja obloka ob prisotnosti posledičnega toka med 5 in 100 A.When the voltage at the gas arrester rises above a certain limit, a break in the gas occurs. The breakthrough has a smoldering and arc phase. Upon completion of the impact, the gas arresters must be extinguished in the presence of a consequent current of between 5 and 100 A.

Stanje tehnike in tehnični problemState of the art and technical problem

Po stanju tehnike imajo plinski odvodniki težave pri zagotavljanju dovolj hitrih odzivov na hiter vzpon napetosti na elektrodah plinskega odvodnika. Odziv se običajno dodatno poslabša po visokotokovnih udarih, ki lahko dodatno poškodujejo notranjost plinskega odvodnika.According to the prior art, gas arresters have difficulty in providing sufficiently rapid responses to the rapid rise of voltage at the gas arrester electrodes. The response is usually exacerbated by high-impact shocks that can further damage the interior of the gas arrester.

Izum učinkovito odpravlja omenjene težave z odzivnim časom na hitro naraščanje napetosti na elektrodah plinskega odvodnika, saj zagotavlja zelo hitre odzivne čase (krajše od 20 ns).The invention effectively eliminates the aforementioned problems with the response time to the rapid rise in voltage at the gas arrester electrodes, since it provides very fast response times (less than 20 ns).

Opis izumaDescription of the invention

Plinski odvodnik po izumu vključuje kovinsko ohišje, ki ima funkcijo zunanje elektrode, notranjo elektrodo, primarni izolativni element, sekundami izolativni element, plinsko polnjenje s primerno mešanico in nanos prevodne plasti na primarnem ali sekundarnem izolativnem elementu v obliki sledi na osnovi ogljika.The gas arrester of the invention includes a metal housing having the function of an external electrode, an internal electrode, a primary insulating element, an insulating element for seconds, a gas filling with a suitable mixture, and applying a conductive layer on the primary or secondary insulating element in the form of a carbon-based trace element.

Omenjeni nanos, ki ga izvedemo v obliki sledi, kot to prikazuje Slika 2, ima ključne vplive na odziv pri naraščanju napetosti na elektrodah plinskega odvodnika in zagotavlja hitrejše odzivne čase kot jih zagotavljajo naprave po stanju tehnike.The aforementioned application, which is carried out in the form of a trace, as shown in Figure 2, has key influences on the response to the voltage rise on the gas arrester electrodes and provides faster response times than are provided by the prior art.

Nadaljnje prednosti in uporabnost izuma bodo postale še bolj jasne tudi povprečnemu strokovnjaku iz priloženih slik in opisov.The further advantages and applicability of the invention will become even more apparent to the average person skilled in the art and accompanying drawings.

Kratek opis slikShort description of the pictures

V nadaljevanju bo predmetni izum opisan s pomočjo priloženih slik, ki prikazujejo:Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by means of the accompanying drawings showing:

Slika 1 Presek skozi plinski odvodnik po izumuFigure 1 Cross section through a gas arrester according to the invention

Slika 2 Shematski prikaz sledi nanesenih na primarni ali sekundarni izolativni elementFigure 2 Schematic representation of traces applied to the primary or secondary insulating element

Podroben opis izumaDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Plinski odvodnik s kovinskim ohišjem in z nanosom prevodne plasti na izolativnem elementu 7 je prikazan na Sliki 1 in vključuje kovinsko ohišje 1, ki je prednostno izdelano pretežno iz bakra, prednostno pa zaradi lažje tehnološke obdelave lahko vsebuje do 1% živega srebra, ki ima funkcijo zunanje elektrode, notranjo elektrodo 2, ki je prednostno izdelana iz molibdena, ki sega v notranjost kovinskega ohišja 4 in je nameščena približno centrično, primarni izolativni element 3, ki je nameščen na spodnji strani kovinskega ohišja 1 in hermetično zapira notranji prostor kovinskega ohišja 4 in električno ločuje kovinsko ohišje 1 in notranjo elektrodo 2.A gas arrester with a metal casing and a conductive layer applied to the insulating element 7 is shown in Figure 1 and includes a metal casing 1, preferably made predominantly of copper, preferably containing up to 1% mercury for ease of processing. outer electrodes, an inner electrode 2 preferably made of molybdenum extending into the interior of the metal housing 4 and positioned approximately centrally, the primary insulating element 3 mounted on the underside of the metal housing 1 and hermetically sealing the inner space of the metal housing 4 and electrically separates the metal housing 1 and the inner electrode 2.

Notranji prostor je napolnjen s primerno mešanico žlahtnih plinov, ki se nahaja v notranjosti kovinskega ohišja 4 in soodloča o nivoju vžigne napetosti. Notranji prostor kovinskega ohišja 4 je nepredušno zaprt s primarnim izolativnim elementom 3, ki se tesno prilega na notranjo steno kovinskega ohišja plinskega odvodnika 1 in na zunanjo površino notranje elektrode 2. Primarni izolativni element 3 je prednostno izdelan iz stekla, lahko pa tudi iz keramike ali po kemičnih lastnostih keramiki podobnega materiala.The interior is filled with a suitable mixture of noble gases, which is located inside the metal housing 4 and co-decides on the level of ignition voltage. The inner space of the metal housing 4 is sealed tightly with the primary insulating element 3, which fits tightly to the inner wall of the metal housing of the gas arrester 1 and to the outer surface of the inner electrode 2. The primary insulating element 3 is preferably made of glass, but may also be made of ceramic or chemical properties of ceramic-like material.

V primeru, ko je primarni izolativni 3 element izdelan iz stekla, moramo dodati sekundami izolativni element 5, ki je izdelan iz keramike ali po kemičnih lastnostih keramiki podobnega materiala, na katerega nanesemo prevodno plast v obliki sledi 6 na osnovi ogljika, prednostno grafita.In the case where the primary insulating element 3 is made of glass, then an insulating element 5 made of ceramics or chemical properties of a ceramic-like material must be added in seconds to which a carbon-based trace layer 6, preferably graphite, is applied.

Če primarni izolativni element 3 ni izdelan iz stekla, je izdelan iz keramike ali po kemičnih lastnostih keramiki podobnega materiala. V tem primeru prevodno plast v obliki sledi 6 na osnovi ogljika, prednostno grafita, nanesemo neposredno na primarni izolativni element 3.If the primary insulating element 3 is not made of glass, it is made of ceramics or chemical properties of a ceramic-like material. In this case, a carbon-based trace layer 6, preferably graphite, is applied directly to the primary insulating element 3.

V normalnem režimu delovanja je napetostna razlika med kovinskim ohišjem plinskega odvodnika 1 in notranjo elektrodo 2 nižja od vžigne napetosti plinskega odvodnika 7 in plinski odvodnik 7 po izumu je neprevoden. Pri povečanju napetosti med kovinskim ohišjem plinskega odvodnika 1 in notranjo elektrodo 2 nad vžigno napetost, pride do ionizacije plinske mešanice in do pojava prevodnosti med obema omenjenima elektrodama.In the normal mode of operation, the voltage difference between the metal housing of the gas arrester 1 and the inner electrode 2 is lower than the ignition voltage of the gas arrester 7 and the gas arrester 7 of the invention is nonconductive. By increasing the voltage between the metal housing of the gas arrester 1 and the internal electrode 2 above the ignition voltage, ionization of the gas mixture occurs and conductivity occurs between the two electrodes.

Prisotnost ogljika v obliki sledi na neprevodni plasti v omenjeni atmosferi ionizacijo pospeši zaradi česar pride do hitrega odziva plinskega odvodnika, kije krajši od 20 ns. Opisana izvedba plinskega odvodnika učinkovito rešuje problem vžiga plinskega odvodnika v primeru zelo hitrega naraščanja napetosti na elektrodah plinskega odvodnika.The presence of carbon in the form of traces on the non-conducting layer in the said atmosphere accelerates ionization, resulting in a rapid response of a gas arrester of less than 20 ns. The described version of the gas arrester effectively solves the problem of ignition of the gas arrester in case of very rapid increase of voltage at the gas arrester electrodes.

V primerih hitrejšega naraščanja napetosti na elektrodah plinskega odvodnika od lkV/ps pride do vžiga pri nižji napetosti kot to zagotavljajo plinski odvodniki s kovinskim ohišjem po stanju tehnike, raztros vžignih napetosti potrebnih za vžig plinskega odvodnika po predmetnem izumu pa je manjši.In cases of faster voltage rise at the gas arrester electrodes from lkV / ps, ignition occurs at a lower voltage than that provided by gas arresters with metal housing according to the state of the art, and the ignition voltage required to ignite the gas arrester according to the present invention is smaller.

Predmetni izum zagotavlja dinamične vžigne napetosti (pri 5kV/ps) nižje od 1500 V in raztrosom manjšim od 10 %. Dinamične vžigne napetosti tudi po visokotokovnih udarih ostanejo pod 1500 V.The present invention provides dynamic ignition voltages (at 5kV / ps) of less than 1500 V and spreads of less than 10%. Dynamic ignition voltages remain below 1500 V even after high-impact shocks.

Claims

A gas arrester with a metal housing and a conductive layer applied to an insulating element comprising a metal housing (1) with an external electrode function, an internal electrode (2), a primary insulating element (3), a securing element (5), gas filling inside a metal housing (4), characterized in that a carbon-based conductive layer (6) is applied in seconds to the insulating element (5).

Gas arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a non-glass primary insulating element (3) to which a carbon-based conductive layer (6) is applied.

Gas arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the applied conductive layer in the form of traces has a primary insulating element (3) or seconds, an insulating element (5) in such a way that it does not connect the metal housing (1) and the inner electrode (2) ·

Gas arrester according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the metal housing (1) is made of a material containing at least 99% copper.

Gas arrester according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary insulating element (3) is made of ceramics or the chemical properties of the ceramic-like material.

Gas arrester according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part of the internal electrode (2) extending into the interior of the gas arrester is made of molybdenum.