SI22517A - Microwave transmitting/receiving antenna head - Google Patents

Abstract

Typical of the microwave transmitting/receiveing antenna head of a microwave communication system for transmitting an/or receiving orthogonal components of a linearly polarised microwave radio signal for receiving within one or two frequency bands or receiving and transmitting in one or two frequency bands or transmitting in one or two frequency bands, of round or rectangular cross-section of the waveguide is that on the lateral side of the head (1) body (5) it features at least one planar surface with recess (6), and that an electronic assembly (14) is inserted into this recess (6) on this planar surface. In the planar surface there is at least one opening leading into the waveguide (10, 11) and there is a probe (12, 13) inserted into it reaching into the waveguide (10, 11) and externally, and is electrically and mechanically linked to the electronic assembly (14). The construction according to the invention enables the production of an extremely compact, reliable and simple antenna head.

Description

MICROWAVE TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER ANTENNA HEAD

The subject of the invention is the construction of a microwave transmitter and / or receiver antenna head of a microwave communication system. According to the invention, an antenna head for transmitting and / or receiving orthogonal components of a linearly polarized microwave radio signal, for receiving in one or two frequency ranges, receiving and transmitting in two frequency ranges, or transmitting in one or two frequency ranges. The antenna head of the invention is used in conjunction with a reflex surface, typically a parabolic plate or in a radius funnel.

The most common known antenna head construction is described e.g. in PCT / IB95 / 00313 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,937, wherein the electronic transmitter or transmitter receiving part physically separated from the antenna head or. antenna and the signal between the electronic part and the antenna head / antenna is coaxial. The disadvantage of this construction is that the coaxial conduit has additional connectors, which are a potential source of failure, and at the same time the coaxial conduit introduces additional attenuation of the signal. Such construction is design-intensive and unreliable.

The construction of the antenna head according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,407 eliminates much of the described drawbacks with a two-resonator structure, where a smaller resonator as a stand-alone mechanical assembly is incorporated into a larger resonator and the electronic part as a stand-alone unit is attached directly to the antenna head side. The disadvantage of this solution is several components and therefore requires a precise assembly procedure for the antenna head. The coaxial leads between the electronic assembly and the antenna head are significantly shorter, but they still exist and require additional U-shaped guides in the resonator.

The object and object of the invention is to construct such a microwave transmitter and / or receiver antenna head of a microwave communication system for receiving in one or two frequency ranges, receiving and transmitting in two frequency ranges, or transmitting in one or two frequency ranges the orthogonal components of a linearly polarized microwave radio signal. The antenna head according to the invention is used in conjunction with a reflex surface, usually a parabolic plate or in an embodiment with a radiation funnel, wherein the antenna head and associated electronic assembly will be one compact physical unit without or without. with minimal coaxial leads between the electronic assembly and the antenna.

According to the invention, the task is solved by a microwave transmitter / receiver antenna head according to an independent claim.

The invention will be described in the embodiment and in the drawings showing:

Figure 1: antenna head of the invention in conjunction with a parabolic reflector,

Figure 2: cylindrical antenna head of the first embodiment in perspective,

Figure 3: cylindrical antenna head according to the first embodiment in the outline,

Figure 4: cylindrical antenna head after first embodiment in longitudinal section,

Figure 5: Cylindrical antenna head according to the first embodiment in the front view, i.e. the receiving direction or electromagnetic wave emission,

Figure 6: cylindrical antenna head according to the first embodiment in cross-sectional view from the front, that is, the receiving or electromagnetic wave emission,

Figure 7: cylindrical antenna head according to the first embodiment in the assembled state,

Fig. 8: cylindrical antenna head according to the second embodiment in perspective, Fig. 9: cylindrical antenna head after the second embodiment in longitudinal section,

Figure 10: antenna head of rectangular square shape according to the third embodiment in perspective.

Figure 1 shows the antenna head 1 according to the invention in conjunction with a parabolic reflector 4. The head 1 is fixed to the reflector 4 by a carrier 3 and coaxial conduit 2 energetically and signally connected at a substantially lower frequency, in the order of a few 10Mhz, with a corresponding electrical device. According to the invention, the transmission frequencies are in the range of 5GHz to 6GHz and the reception frequencies are in the range of 11 GHz to 13Ghz. In the embodiment, the broadcast frequency range is 5.470GHz - 5.725GHz and the reception frequency is 11.7GHz-12.1GHz.

The antenna head 1 of FIG. 2 according to the first embodiment is basically a cylinder shape. This means that it is made as a metal cylinder with two internal longitudinal circular concentric cylindrical cavities, where the cavity of the larger diameter is on the front of the head 1 and the cavity of the smaller diameter continues towards the back of the head 1. As the back of the head 1 is understood to be the side where the cover 9 is provided with a connector 8. The said cavities are circular waveguides whose diameter is adapted to two frequency ranges of operation of the antenna head. The waveguides are shown in Figure 3, namely, a larger diameter waveguide is a waveguide 10 and a smaller diameter waveguide 11. According to the first embodiment, the mantle of the basic cylinder shape is predominantly disposed in such a way that four rectangular planes 7 are formed and a square with rounded sections is formed the edges as can be seen in Figure 6. The planes 7 may be the same or different lengths. These planes 7 are recessed and, in the embodiment, formed so that in separate recesses 6, the electronic components of the electronic assembly 14 are individually or separately grouped. The electronic assembly 14 consists of a substrate, e.g. a printed circuit board and electronic components attached thereto, the electronic components being arranged on only one side of the substrate. The electronic assembly 14 is of such a dimension that its substrate lies at the edge of the recess of the plane 7 in the groove having a depth approximately equal to the thickness of the substrate of the electronic assembly 14. The structure is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The function of the recesses thus formed is to reduce the electromagnetic interaction emissions of electronic components of an electronic assembly 14. An individual electronic assembly 14 in functional connection with any of the adjacent electronic assemblies 14 carries on one side all necessary electronic components of the transmitter and / or receiver. According to Figure 2, in the planes 7 there are holes for the probes 12 and 13. The probes 12 and 13 have the function of transmitter or transducer respectively. receiving antennas. The probe 12 is inserted through the first plane 7 by projecting into a waveguide 10 of larger diameter. The probe 13 is inserted through a second plane 7 perpendicular to the first plane 7 by projecting into a smaller diameter waveguide 11. In this embodiment of the head 1 body, electronic assemblies 14 are positioned and fixed to the described planes 7 in this embodiment so that the electronic components thereon are recessed 6. Probes 12 and 13 already projecting into and out of the head 1 body 5 from therein also externally, they are electrically and mechanically coupled to the electronic assembly 14. The electronic assemblies 14 may be provided with electrical and mechanical protection on the outside, and a suitably known protective jacket may be affixed throughout the head body 1 in known manner. The assembled antenna head 1 according to the first embodiment is shown in Fig. 7. The body 5 of the head 1 is closed at the back by a cover 9 which is screwed into the thread of the body of the head 5 and has a connector 8 in the center of the cover. Probe 12 and probe 13 are always perpendicular to each other as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

In the second embodiment, according to Figure 8 and Figure 9, all planes in the mantle of the basic cylinder shape are preferably equally long and relatively shorter than in the first embodiment. The point of such construction is that the recesses 6 are made only in the part where there is a small waveguide 11 inside the cylinder. Thus, it is possible to manufacture a body of 5 heads 1 smaller in diameter than in the first embodiment. As a consequence of the construction of the second embodiment, the probe 12 must be guided along the body 5 to the corresponding opening in the larger diameter waveguide 10. Other structural features are the same as in the first embodiment.

In the third embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the antenna head 1 is basically a square shape. On the back side there is a cover 9 with an attached connector connector 8. The dimensions of the sides of a rectangular cross-section waveguide are defined appropriately for operation in two frequency ranges of the transmitter or transmitter. accepts. The dimensions of the inner sides of the cross-section of rectangular shape in this embodiment assume the function of different diameters of circular waveguides in the first and second embodiment. In the outer walls of the body 5 of the head of the shape of the square are made recesses 6. These recesses 6 are designed so that they contain the electronic components of the electronic assembly 14. The electronic assembly 14, k is functionally connected to any of the adjacent assemblies, bears on one side all necessary electronic components of the transmitter and / or receiver. In the planes, the holes for the probes 12 and 13. The probe 12 is inserted through the first plane by projecting into the waveguide from the wider side. The probe 13 is inserted through the second plane perpendicular to the first plane by projecting into the waveguide from the narrower side. Electronically assembled assemblies 14 are positioned and secured in the planes of the head 1 thus constructed, so that the electronic components thereon are recessed 6. The probes 12 and 13, which are already projecting in and out of the head 1 body 5, are electrically and mechanically coupled to electronic assemblies 14. The other design features are the same as in the first embodiment.

It is also possible within the scope of the invention that the recesses are constructed as complete spaces in the form of a flat bottom basin and the electronic assemblies are inserted into these spaces so that they are positioned on the bottom of these spaces with the back side, ie the substrate side, where there are no electronic elements. and turned to and attached to the body of the head. The substrates of the electronic part, which are thus positioned at the bottom of the spaces in the head body, may also be secured to the head body by metal barriers between the electronic components and / or groups of electronic components. Reasonably spaced metal barriers place dividers between electronic components and / or electronic assemblies, thereby reducing the electromagnetic emissions of the electronic components of the electronic assembly. Bulkheads are the shape of a vertical wall with vertical through holes for fastening screws and the bulkheads with fastening screws are attached to the body of the head together with electronic assemblies. The height of the barrier, which is the separation wall, is, for the substrate thickness, less than the depth of indentation in the plane of the antenna body. The plane has at least one bore in the waveguide and a probe protruding into the waveguide is inserted therein. The probe is in and out of the body of the head and is connected electrically and mechanically to the electronic assembly. An electronic assembly, especially when the method of attachment is such that the electronic components are facing inwardly into the recess, may have adequate electrical and mechanical protection on the outside, and a suitably known protective jacket is affixed throughout the head body in known manner.

The microwave transmit / receive antenna head of the microwave communication system is characterized in that it has at least one recessed plane on the side of the head body and at least one electronic assembly is positioned and secured in such a recess so that the electronic assembly lies in the recess. The number of planes and recesses is from one to four. The electronic assembly has electronic components arranged on one side only. The recesses are designed to separate electronic recesses into separate recesses on the electronic circuit individually and / or in groups separately or to form a single pool-shaped space where the electronic components or groups of electronic components are not physically separated. The electronic assembly lies and is fixed to the edge of the recess of a plane in a groove that has a depth approximately equal to the thickness of the substrate of the electronic assembly or lies with the substrate to the bottom of the recess and is secured to it by metal barriers. The plane has at least one bore in the waveguide and a probe protruding into the waveguide is inserted therein. The probe is in and out of the body of the head and is connected electrically and mechanically to the electronic assembly. The electronic assembly may have adequate electrical and mechanical protection on the outside, and an appropriately known protective jacket is affixed throughout the head body in known manner.

All embodiments have been described for reception in two frequency ranges or reception and simultaneous transmission or for transmission in two frequency ranges of orthogonal components of a linearly polarized microwave radio signal. However, it is understood that a suitable construction with only one probe for reception in one frequency range or transmission in one frequency domain is also feasible within the scope of the invention. It is also understandable that in the case of operating in one frequency range, only one electronic assembly or one can suffice. in the case of operation in two frequency bands, at least two electronic assemblies, although all embodiments have been described by four electronic assemblies. The number of planes with recesses and associated electronic assemblies can be from one to four. The number of planes with recesses corresponds to the number of electronic assemblies required. In embodiments, recesses in the form corresponding to the arrangement and physical separation of the electronic components of the electronic assembly have been described. It is to be understood that the recesses of the invention may also be made differently, for example as a rectangular or different space, where the electronic components or groups of electronic components are not physically separated from one another but are all in the same recess space.

The construction according to the invention enables the production of an antenna head of extreme compactness, reliability and simplicity.

Claims (10)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Microwave transmit / receive antenna head of a microwave communication system for transmitting and / or receiving orthogonal components of a linearly polarized microwave radio signal for receiving in one or two frequency ranges or receiving and transmitting in two frequency ranges or broadcasting in one or two frequency ranges , a circular or rectangular cross section of a waveguide, the antenna head being used in conjunction with a reflex surface, usually a parabolic plate or in a radius funnel, and having a frequency range of operation of the antenna head in the microwave frequency range, characterized in that it has on the side of the body (5) the heads (1) are made of at least one plane (7) with a recess (6) and at least one electronic assembly (14) is positioned and secured in this recess (6) such that the electronic assembly lies in the recess (6). Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of planes and recesses (6) is from one to four. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic assembly (14) has electronic components arranged on one side only. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (6) are configured to hold the electronic components on the electronic assembly (14) individually separately and / or in groups separately in separate recesses. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (6) in the head body are formed as a single space where the electronic components or groups of electronic components are not physically separated. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic assembly (14) lies and is attached to the recess edge (6) of the plane in a groove having a depth approximately equal to the substrate thickness of the electronic assembly (14). Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic assembly (14) lies with the substrate at the bottom of the recess (6) and is attached thereto, preferably by metal barriers. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that there is at least one bore in the plane in the waveguide (10, 11) and a probe (12, 13) projecting into the waveguide (10, 11) is inserted therein. Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the probe (12, 13) is in and out of the body (5) of the head (1) and is electrically and mechanically connected to the electronic assembly (14). Microwave antenna head according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic assembly (14) can be provided with suitable electrical and mechanical protection on the outside, and a suitably known protective jacket is fastened throughout the body (5) of the head (1).