SI22072A - Synchronous electro-mechanical converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The synchronous electromechanical converter operates as a drive or generator. It features high specific resistivity and high energy efficiency. The electromagnetic poles featuring magnetically permeable cores are distributed in compact groups of at least two poles so that the poles of each individual group belong to the same electrical phase, while the adjacent poles of each group are staggered by 180 degrees regarding the electrical phase. Close to the magnetic gap the pole cores extend perpendicularly to the rotor rotation direction so that they are of almost equal size as the magnet poles and are in this direction almost levelled with them. The individual coil winding of the group conveys at least a part of the magnetic flux of at least every other pole of the group. For multi-phase versions the rotor features a different number of poles compared to the stator, while in the single-phase version this number is equal. The converter includes one or more rotors and one or more stators. The converter features a radial, axial and linear version.

Description

The subject of the invention is a synchronous electromechanical converter. The invention belongs to the international classification in H02K1 / 06, H02K1 / 14C, H02K3 / 18, H02K3 / 28, H02K21 / 12, H02K21 / 26, H02K16 / 02, H02K16 / 04 and H02K26 / 00.

The problem solved by the invention is the construction of an electromagnetic assembly of a synchronous electromechanical converter, which enables high specific torques and energy yields, as well as a process for producing suitable cores of electromagnetic poles. By definition, the concept of torque is used by default, which is meaningfully replaced by the concept of force in non-rotating structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Most existing solutions use electromagnetic fields with magnetically permeable nuclei and can generally be classified into two groups. The solutions in the first group comprise intertwined or condensed windings of electrical phases arranged in the slots between the nuclei of adjacent poles, the nuclei having a direction in the direction of the slots having an approximately constant dimension approximately equal to the magnitude of the magnetic poles in that direction. In the case of compacted windings, the windings are wrapped around the cores of the individual electromagnetic poles.

The second group consists of transverse flux solutions, which include claw pole solutions. Their advantage over the solutions in the first group is usually the smaller resistive losses in the windings, but they are less widespread due to the more sophisticated manufacture of magnetically permeable parts. Cross-flow solutions typically contain circular windings, which requires that at least one stator is required for multiphase converters for each electrical phase.

THE ESSENCE OF THE SOLUTION

According to the invention, the problem is solved by a construction in which electromagnetic poles containing magnetically permeable nuclei are arranged in clustered groups of at least two poles so that the poles of each group belong to the same electrical phase, with the adjacent poles of the same group electrically phase shifted by 180 °. The cores of the poles of a group of electromagnetic poles are designed and arranged in such a way that at least part of the magnetic flux of at least every other pole of the group is passed through each winding of the coil of the electromagnetic poles, with the same sign being transmitted through the envelope. The nuclei extend near the magnetic gap separating them from the magnetic poles in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field in the slot and the direction of motion of the magnetic poles so that the extended portion along the gap in the expansion direction has approximately the same dimension as the magnetic poles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The solutions will be described in more detail using the examples in the figures that show:

FIG. 1 half-pole winding of a group of electromagnetic poles with one-sided single-core kernels containing two electrically oriented sub-windings

FIG. 2 half-pole coils of a group of electromagnetic poles with single-core single-cores

FIG. 3 half-pole winding of a group of electromagnetic poles with single and double-ended cores

FIG. 4 half-pole coils of a group of electromagnetic poles with double single cores containing two electrically opposed sub-reels

FIG. 5 half-winding group of electromagnetic poles with double single cores

FIG. 6 half-pole coils of electromagnetic pole group with double single and 20 double cores

FIG. 7 is a complete winding of a group of electromagnetic poles with one-sided single-core cores. Fig. 8 Full winding of a group of electromagnetic poles with double single cores. 9 full winding group of electromagnetic poles with S-shaped cores

FIG. 10 stator with one set of electromagnetic poles and two electrically opposite 25 oriented circular half-pole windings

FIG. 11 basic shapes of magnetically permeable cores of electromagnetic poles

FIG. 12 single curved cores made of curved bundle of blades

FIG. 13 double curved blades made of curved bundle except for S-shaped cores

FIG. 14 S-shaped core made of curved bundle of blades

FIG. 15 pairs of single-core single-core cores with a part through which the magnetic flux between cores is made, made from a curved bundle of blades

FIG. 16 three-phase electromagnetic assembly with evenly spaced electromagnetic fields greater than the number of magnetic poles

FIG. 17 three-phase electromagnetic assembly with evenly spaced electromagnetic fields the number of which is less than the number of magnetic poles

FIG. 18 is a three-phase electromagnetic assembly in which the spacing of adjacent electromagnetic pole sections is equal to the spacing of adjacent magnetic poles

FIG. 19 three-phase electromagnetic assembly in which the spacing of adjacent electromagnetic poles belonging to different groups is one third of the spacing of adjacent magnetic poles greater than the spacing of adjacent poles of the same group

FIG. 20 three-phase electromagnetic assembly with two magnetic pole subassemblies and one electromagnetic pole subassembly containing half-windings

FIG. 21 three phase electromagnetic assembly with two magnetic subassemblies and one electromagnetic pole subassembly containing full windings

FIG. 22 three-phase electromagnetic assembly with one subassembly with magnetic poles and two subassemblies with electromagnetic poles containing half-coils

FIG. 23 three-phase electromagnetic assembly with one subassembly with magnetic poles and two subassemblies with electromagnetic poles containing full windings

FIG. 24 three phase electromagnetic assembly with one subassembly with magnetic poles and two subassemblies with electromagnetic poles containing full windings

FIG. 25 three-phase electromagnetic assembly, the stator containing 24 electromagnetic poles and the rotor 22 magnetic poles each

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The synchronous electromechanical converter, hereinafter referred to as the motor, acts as a multiphase or single phase motor or generator. For multiphase operation, it uses electrical multiphase systems in which the phase difference between adjacent pseudophases is 180 ° divided by the number of phases, including the conventional three-phase system and the two-phase system, by 90 ° offset phases.

The electromagnetic motor assembly contains at least one sub-assembly with electromagnetic poles and at least one sub-assembly with magnetic poles. The subassemblies are positioned so that the magnetic poles can move relative to the electromagnetic poles. Electromagnetic poles contain magnetically permeable cores, separated from opposite magnetic poles by a magnetic gap that is narrow compared to the dimension of each magnetic pole in the direction of rotor motion and is preferably the same for all poles. The subassembly with magnetic poles will hereinafter be called the rotor and the subassembly with electromagnetic poles the stator, assuming that their roles can also be replaced. The construction has a radial, axial and linear design, depending on the shape and position of the rotoi and the stator.

The rotor comprises, in the direction of its motion, approximately uniformly spaced, alternately oriented magnetic fields 1, which are oriented approximately parallel to the direction perpendicular to the surface adjacent to the magnetic gap with the individual stator. The positions of the magnetic poles are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the slot and the rotor direction. The stator contains anti-rotor electromagnetic poles 2, which are arranged in groups of at least two poles so that the poles of each group belong to the same electrical phase, with the adjacent poles of the same group electrically phase shifted by 180 °.

The magnetic flux of the electromagnetic poles mainly passes through their magnetically permeable cores 3, which are designed so that the magnetic flux entering them from the magnetic slot is thickened and driven through or past the windings of the coil group of electromagnetic poles 4. The nuclei are adjacent to the magnetic slot, separating them from the magnetic poles, extend in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field direction in the slot and the direction of motion of the magnetic poles such that the extended portion along the gap in the expansion direction has approximately the same dimension as the magnetic poles and is approximately aligned with opposite ones in this direction. magnetic poles. The extended part of the nucleus adjacent to the magnetic gap is called the nucleus head 5. The nucleus head passes into the stem 6, which preferably has parallel sides. The core consists of at least one head and at least one stem. The magnetic flux thickens in the nucleus head and branches into one or two stems. Therefore, we call one-stem kernels one branch on, and two branches on two. The core head may be uniform, but may consist of two, preferably equal, parts. The kernel may be made uniformly, but may contain two, preferably identical elements.

Depending on whether the poly statues are bordered by one or two magnetic slots, the cores and stator have a single or double-sided design. The single-sided implementation of the kernel contains one head and the two-sided core has two. In a unilateral embodiment, the stator also comprises one or more magnetically permeable parts 7 through which the magnetic flux between the stator poles is concluded on a side that does not border the magnetic slot with the rotor. When the magnetic flux of an individual pole through the magnetically permeable parts is contracted with both adjacent poles, the dimension of the statue in the direction of the stem of the nuclei may be smaller than in embodiments where the magnetic flux is contracted with only one of the adjacent poles, which when the individual group of electromagnetic poles contains an even number of poles, characterized by a smaller interfacial coupling.

The cores of the poles may be constructed uniformly with the associated part for contracting the magnetic flux between the poles on the side adjacent to the magnetic slot with the rotor.

The windings of each electrical phase consist of the windings of groups of electromagnetic poles whose poles belong to that electrical phase. The cores of the poles of a group of electromagnetic poles are arranged such that at least part of the magnetic flux of at least every other pole of the group is passed through a single winding of the coil of the electromagnetic poles, with the magnetic flux through a single sheath having the same sign for all poles. The stems of the adjacent nuclei are spaced apart in the direction of the heads, so that there is sufficient space for windings between them. The winding of a group of electromagnetic poles 4 has two designs, depending on the proportion of poles of the group whose magnetic flux is at least partially covered by a single winding sheath. After the first embodiment, each winding covers at least a portion of the magnetic flux of every other pole of the group, so such windings are called half-full. Examples of half-wound windings are shown in Figures 1 to 6. According to another embodiment, each winding envelope captures at least a portion of the magnetic flux of each pole of a group of electromagnetic poles, so such windings are called full ones. Examples of full windings are shown in Figures 7 to 9.

A group of half-coil electromagnetic poles contains a preferred even number of poles. The cores of the poles are arranged such that the individual winding of the winding does not capture the magnetic flux of two adjacent electromagnetic poles of the group. For groups containing only electromagnetic fields with single-core cores, the cores are arranged so that the stems of adjacent core groups lie on opposite sides of each winding envelope. The cores of the poles are preferably the same, and their heads extend asymmetrically. The core heads of adjacent halves of the group preferably extend predominantly in opposite directions. The nuclei of adjacent poles of different groups of electromagnetic poles are preferably inverted in the opposite sense, which makes the winding space larger and the parasitic magnetic flux between the nuclei smaller. In these cases, the winding may be uniform, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, or it may contain two electrically oriented substrates, one of which captures the magnetic flux of the odd and the other even barrel groups, shown in Figures 1 and 4, the first one-sided, the second for bilateral implementation. A single winding envelope surrounds a group of stems comprising the cores of each other pole of a group of electromagnetic poles, or a group of parts by which the magnetic flux between the poles is concluded on a side adjacent to the magnetic gap with the rotor. A group of electromagnetic poles may also contain double-core cores in addition to single-core poles, with one- and two-core nuclei exchanging within each group. The nuclei of adjacent poles of different groups of electromagnetic poles are preferably of different types, since in this case the winding space is larger and the parasitic magnetic flux between the nuclei is smaller. The winding of a group of electromagnetic poles captures the magnetic flux of poles with single-cores, and the magnetic flux of poles with double-cores moves past the spaced stems past the sheath. The cores of single cores are preferably symmetrical, while the heads of double cores may be uniform, but for the sake of ease of construction and installation of the windings, they are preferably of two parts.

Figures 3 and 6 illustrate such an example.

A group of full-coil electromagnetic poles contains poles with single-stranded, preferably identical, cores whose heads extend asymmetrically and preferably extend substantially in opposite directions at the nuclei of adjacent poles. The nuclei of adjacent poles of different groups of electromagnetic poles are preferably inverted in the opposite sense, which makes the winding space larger and the parasitic magnetic flux between the nuclei smaller. A single coil of full winding can capture the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic poles of one or two stators. According to the first embodiment, exemplified in Figures 7 and 8, each winding envelope captures the magnetic flux of the poles of two groups of electromagnetic poles belonging to different stators. The cores of the nuclei of the adjacent halves of the group are located on opposite sides of each winding sheath. The winding envelope captures the magnetic flux of nuclei at places where its plane intersects the nuclei of the nuclei. The bulk of the magnetic field passes through the plane of the sheath perpendicular to the plane and has approximately the same direction in the heads of the nuclei opposite the electromagnetic poles of the two stators. The coil winding of the group of electromagnetic poles has a loop shape with curved ends that allows the winding to escape the rotoi located between the stators. In the case of the full winding of Figure 7, the electromagnetic assembly contains two rotor with two statues, and in the case of Figure 8 three rotories. According to another embodiment shown in Figure 9, each winding envelope captures the magnetic flux of one group of electromagnetic poles having S-shaped double cores, and the magnetic poles on each side of each nucleus are oriented equally. The nuclei of the adjacent halves of the group are passed through a single winding on the opposite sides. The winding has the preferred shape of a loop with curved ends, similar to the case of Figure 9B, since it can have a larger effective conductive cross section than the winding without curved ends, similar to the case of Figure 9C, at the same distance between the nuclei of adjacent poles.

When, in the case of rotating designs, an individual stator contains electromagnetic fields of only one electrical phase, the full winding may be replaced by two circular, electrically opposite half-wound windings. When a single coil of full winding captures the magnetic flux of the poles of two stators, each of the two stators contains one circular winding which captures the magnetic flux of each other electromagnetic pole of the stator, capturing the flux of poles whose cores lie closer to the axis of rotation of the rotoi. For electromagnetic poles with S-shaped cores, the stator contains both circular windings, one capturing the magnetic flux of odd and the other the barrel poles, as shown in Figure 10.

The magnetically permeable poles of the poles preferably have high magnetic permeability and a saturated magnetic field density, as well as low magnetic losses and electrical conductivity. They are preferably made of electrically insulated lamellae of magnetically permeable sheet or foil, but may also be made of magnetically permeable particles embedded in electrically non-conductive material or magnetically permeable ferrite materials. When made of material with anisotropic magnetic properties, the direction with optimal magnetic properties preferably coincides with the direction of the magnetic field in the core of the core. In the case of laminated versions, the direction of the lamellae direction preferably coincides with the direction of movement of the rotor poles. The cores of electromagnetic poles have a constant constant dimension in the direction of motion of the magnetic poles. The cores may also extend in the direction of the rotor poles near the magnetic gap, but making such cores is more difficult. The cross section of a core stem is typically chosen to achieve a magnetic field density in the stem of seventy to ninety percent of the saturated magnetic density of the core material. The cores, where the centers of the heads are further away from the centerline of the stems from which they arise, allow more room for winding. The stems of the cores, whose heads extend asymmetrically, can be curved to the side opposite to the predominant direction of the head extension, thus providing additional winding space.

Figures 11A through 1 IG show one example of each basic shape of the pole nuclei. Figures 11A and 1 IB illustrate the one- and two-sided designs of the asymmetrically extended single-core core with the head asymmetrically expanded. Figure 11C shows a double-sided single-core S-shaped core.

One and two-sided single-core with symmetrical head are shown in Figures 1 ID and 11E. Figures 11F and 1 IG, however, show one and two-sided double-core with two-part head.

One-stem and two-head pole kernels can also be used as one-sided kernels, with one kernel head bordered by a magnetic gap with magnetic poles, while the kernel is attached to the magnetically permeable yoke or part thereof via the other head.

The laminated cores are preferably made of a strip of magnetically permeable sheet metal whose width is equal to the dimension of the core in the direction of motion of the magnetic poles. The manufacturing process is carried out by cutting from the strip lamellae of appropriate length, which are folded and bent, and then individual cores are cut from the curved bundle of blades. At the ends of the beam, the cores may be formed by abrasive methods instead of by cutting, e.g. grinding. Due to the smaller fraction of scrap metal, it is preferable to bend a single bundle of approximately the same length into a multiple S-shape and to cut it in multiples of four in the case of one-sided cores, with the exception of S cores, to an even number of cores . In order to remove any interfacial contacts, the surface of the incisions may be further treated, preferably using electrochemical processes, e.g. etching. Typically, cores are heat-treated after cutting to improve their magnetic properties. Preferably, the core blades are fastened by impregnation, but also by mechanical elements. Where impregnation materials or mechanical coupling elements do not withstand temperatures of heat treatment to improve magnetic properties, coupling shall be carried out after heat treatment. Dual cores may consist of two single cores. The kernel fabrication process is also useful for making pairs of single-core single-cores that are made uniformly with the part through which the magnetic flux between the nuclei is contracted. In this case, the bundle of blades is curved by wrapping it around the mandrel of the appropriate shape. Examples of the process of fabricated cores with a marked path of the lamellae, the shape of the initial bundles of the lamellae 8 and the cut-off points 9 show figures 12, 13, 14 and 15. For materials with anisotropic magnetic properties, it is preferable that the direction with optimal magnetic properties coincides with the longitudinal laughing of the strip, since, in the majority of the lamella, it coincides with the direction of the magnetic field, while in the direction with non-optimal magnetic properties, it makes it difficult to parasitize the magnetic flux between the nuclei of adjacent poles. The use of magnetically oriented sheet metal is preferable for electric sheet blades.

The multiphase implementation of the stator comprises an equal number, preferably equally spaced, of the electromagnetic poles of each of the at least two electrical phases. The number of rotor poles adjacent to each stator magnetic slot (M) differs from the number of stato electromagnetic poles (E) by the product of the number of stator groups whose electromagnetic poles belong to each electric phase (G) and the natural number ( n), which is not a multiple of the number of electrical phases (F), M = E ± nG. In order to reconcile the average stator electrical phase with the average magnetic phase of the rotoi in the area of each group of electromagnetic poles, adjacent electromagnetic poles belonging to different groups are displaced 180 ° + sgn (A7-E) (180 ° / F) n . The number "is preferably equal to one, since in this case the average absolute phase difference between the magnetic phase of the rotor and the electrical phase of the stator may be the smallest. Higher utilization of rotoi magnetic poles can be achieved when the stator contains groups with a larger number of electromagnetic poles. In embodiments with a rotary rotor in which the stator contains more than one group of electromagnetic poles of each phase, the total center of gravity of the electromagnetic poles of each phase preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotoi, which can result in lower bending loads of the rotor shafts.

The polyphase stator poles can be approximately evenly spaced. In this arrangement, the spacing of the adjacent poles of each group of electromagnetic poles is the same as the spacing of the adjacent poles belonging to different groups. The deviation of the rotor magnetic phase from the stator electrical phase increases towards the transitions between groups of electromagnetic poles. Figures 16 and 17 show an example of such an embodiment.

When the number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single stator magnetic gap (M) is greater than the number of stator electromagnetic poles (E), the electromagnetic poles may be arranged such that the spacing of adjacent poles of each group is approximately equal to the average spacing of adjacent the rotor poles and the positions of adjacent electromagnetic poles belonging to different groups are more spaced. An example of such an embodiment is shown in Figure 18. Due to the smallest average absolute phase difference between the magnetic phase of the rotoi and the electrical phase of the stator, such a design allows for the highest specific torque, but usually has a greater stalling torque and a more trapezoidal induced voltage in the windings of groups of electromagnetic poles than the version with evenly spaced poly.

When the number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single stator magnetic gap (M) is greater than the number of stator electromagnetic poles (£) and the number n is greater than one, the electromagnetic poles of each group may be approximately evenly distributed such that one third of the pole is larger than the number of rotor poles than the number of electromagnetic poles in the group. The position spacing of adjacent electromagnetic poles of different groups is (n - 1) / F of the average spacing of adjacent pole rotor positions greater than the spacing of adjacent poles of the same group. Due to the smaller average absolute phase difference between the magnetic phase of the rotor and the electrical phase of the stator, such a design has a higher specific torque than the one with evenly spaced poles. Increased spacing between groups of electromagnetic poles allows for a larger cross section of windings. An example of such an embodiment in which the number n is equal to one is shown in Figure 19.

For stators where the spacing of adjacent poles of different groups is greater than the spacing of adjacent poles of each group of electromagnetic poles, poles of magnetically permeable material that do not belong to any electrical phase may be located between the groups of electromagnetic poles. This reduces the field oscillation in the magnetic fields during transitions between groups.

The single-phase statue design contains only one set of electromagnetic poles. The number of rotog poles adjacent to each stator magnetic slot (A /) is equal to the number of stato electromagnetic poles (£). The electromagnetic fields are evenly spaced or arranged so that the spacing of their positions varies periodically. In rotary rotor designs, the total center of gravity of the electromagnetic poles of the statue preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor, which may cause the bending loads of the rotoi shaft to be less, which contributes to the bypass flow.

In all stator designs, the deadlock can not be reduced so that the nuclei of the electromagnetic poles are tilted in the direction of the rotor relative to the magnetic fields, since the stalled torque decreases as the slope increases. However, as the slope increases, the attainable specific torque also decreases. The deadlock torque can also be reduced by varying the position of the pole positions of the group of electromagnetic poles periodically, preferably with a period equal to the number of poles of the statue or a multiple of the poles of the group of electromagnetic poles. Methods for reducing torque congestion usually also lead to less torque unevenness and a more sine wave induced voltage in the winding groups of electromagnetic poles.

The magnetically permeable parts, by which magnetic fluxes between the poles are contracted in one-sided stators, constitute the magnetically permeable yoke of the statue. They can be designed as standalone elements or uniform with core poles. They are preferably made of electrically insulated lamellae of magnetically permeable sheet metal or foil, but may also be made of magnetically permeable particles embedded in electrically non-conductive material or magnetically permeable ferrite materials.

The number of stator groups whose electromagnetic poles belong to each electric phase (G) is preferably equal to one or two. Due to the better utilization of the rotoi magnetic poles, it is possible to achieve higher specific torques with a smaller number of groups. The resistance losses in the windings may be lower when the number of groups of electromagnetic poles is smaller. Statues with more electromagnetic poles may have lower resistive losses in the windings, provided that most of the magnetic flux of the magnetic poles passes through the nuclei of the electromagnetic poles. Because the number of rotog poles is preferably slightly different from the number of stato electromagnetic poles, stators with larger poles have greater losses due to variable magnetic fields.

When the stator electromagnetic poles are evenly spaced and their number is different from the number of rotor poles adjacent to the statue magnetic slot (AT), the stalled torque is proportional to the quotient between the number of stator groups whose electromagnetic poles belong to each electrical phase, (G) , and the number of electromagnetic poles (E). It is therefore preferable for a small stall torque that the stator contains a large number of electromagnetic poles arranged in as few groups as possible.

The intermediate space between the nuclei of adjacent electromagnetic poles is preferably from two to six tenths of the dimension of the nucleus in the direction of rotor motion. Embodiments containing single and double core poles typically have a slightly smaller parasite magnetic flux between adjacent poles. Since the stator does not contain magnetically permeable parts for contracting magnetic flux between poles in designs with double core poles, it is possible to produce stators of almost arbitrary dimensions by varying the number of poles and the spacing between poles, using cores of uniform shape and dimensions.

The rotor, whether or not bordered by a magnetic slot with one or two stators, has a single or double-sided design. In the unilateral design of the rotor, the magnetic poles are attached to a magnetically permeable yoke, through which the magnetic flux between the rotor poles is concluded on a side adjacent to the magnetic slot with the stator. In bilateral embodiments, it is preferred that the individual magnetic pole is adjacent to both magnetic slots, and the rotor, with the possible exception of poles, contains no magnetically permeable or electrically conductive parts. In order to increase the mechanical stiffness or contract the magnetic flux between adjacent magnetic poles, the double-sided rotor in some embodiments contains a yoke of magnetically permeable material to which magnetic poles are attached on both sides. The rotor poles are preferably arranged such that the positions of the poles on each side of the yoke are approximately aligned.

At the same time, it is preferable that the aligned poles on both sides of the yoke are oriented equally, since in such a case the efficiency of the magnetic poles of the rotor is greater and their magnetization easier.

The rotor poles can be tilted relative to the stator poles in the direction of the rotor movement, thereby achieving a smaller stalling torque, less torque unevenness and a more sine wave induced voltage in the winding groups of electromagnetic poles. In some stator embodiments, the stalling torque may also be reduced by varying the spacing of the rotoi magnetic pole positions periodically.

Permanent magnets are preferably used as magnetic poles, where the maximum specific torques can be achieved by using high-energy rare earth materials. They are made as single or multipole magnets and are preferably rectangular in shape or in the form of segments that are identical to one another. Magnetic poles may contain magnetic flux thickening parts. In embodiments with surface-mounted magnets, their optimum utilization is usually achieved when they occupy sixty to fifty-eight percent of the circumference of the rotor surface adjacent to the individual magnetic slot with the stator.

For rotary rotor designs, the number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single magnetic slot with a stator is (M), even.

Preferably, the winding of each phase consists of one or more parallel branches.

Each winding branch preferably contains the same number of electromagnetic poles of each statue, which allows for the lowest offset currents between the individual branches when the electromagnetic poles of the statues are not electromagnetically equivalent. In designs with a rotary rotor in which a single stator contains more than one group of electromagnetic poles of each phase, the total center of gravity of the electromagnetic poles of each branch preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor, providing the least bending load on the rotoi shaft, even in the event of failure of one of the branches or the whole single phase windings.

The electromagnetic assembly has three basic designs, which can also be combined, depending on the position of the statues and rotors. In the first embodiment, the assembly comprises one stator with half-wound windings and one single-sided rotor. The stator contains poles with one-sided cores and one or more parts through which the magnetic flux between the stator poles is contracted on the side not adjacent to the magnetic slot with the rotor. Examples of embodiments with one stator and one rotoi are shown in Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19.

In another embodiment, the stator comprising electromagnetic fields with double-sided cores is located between two rotors that move in concert. The rotors comprise an equal number of poles, with the equally oriented magnetic poles of the two rotoi being preferably offset by a maximum of G / (2 £) the spacing of the adjacent rotoi poles. Maximum torque can be obtained when the magnetic poles of the rotors are not displaced in the direction of the rotoi, while the lag of the adjacent rotoi poles can be achieved by a lag of G / (2 £ j). when Figure 21 shows an example of an embodiment with full windings and electromagnetic fields with S cores.

In the third embodiment, the rotor is located between two stators. The number and arrangement of poles are preferably the same for both stators, and the electromagnetic poles of both stators are preferably electromagnetically equivalent. With respect to the magnetic poles of the rotor, the statues are positioned such that the average winding phase of the individual electrical phase is approximately coordinated in both statues. Examples of such a full winding embodiment are shown in Figures 23 and 24. Each full winding envelope captures the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic poles of both statues. Where the stators contain half-windings, each winding of the group of electromagnetic poles captures the magnetic flux of the poles of one stator. Figure 22 shows an example of such an embodiment with half-full windings.

When multi-phase stators with half-pole windings have the same number and arrangement of poles, and the positions of the magnetic poles of the rotor adjacent to the magnetic slot with the stator are aligned, the implementation of the electromagnetic assembly, depending on the offset between the poles of the first and second stator, has several sub-versions. According to the former, depending on the arrangement of the electromagnetic poles, the stator in the direction of the rotor motion towards each other is preferably offset by a maximum of G / (2E) spacing of the positions of the adjacent rotor poles. Each winding branch of each phase preferably contains the same number opposite the electromagnetic poles of the first and second stator. Such sub-designs are characterized by the smallest mechanical bending stresses in the rotor and the excitation forces on the magnetic fields that cause the rotor's own oscillations, and the small bending loads of the rotor shaft, which do not increase even in the event of a failure of one of the branches or the entire winding of each phase, making them the smallest tek. The minimum congestion torque can be achieved when the stator is offset by the G / (2E) position of the adjacent rotor poles in the direction of the rotoi.

According to another sub-embodiment, the stator is offset by the integer number of the rotor poles, preferably by the quotient Ml (2G), closest to the integer, in terms of the arrangement of the electromagnetic poles. Such sub-designs provide the highest specific torque, since magnetic poles are the least magnetically loaded. Due to the smaller field oscillation and the smaller proportion of higher harmonic frequencies of the variable fields in the rotor poles, the losses due to the variable magnetic fields in the rotor are usually smaller. The mechanical bending stresses in the rotor and the excitation forces on the magnetic poles that cause the rotor's own oscillations are large in comparison with the first sub-design, and the interfacial winding is also larger. When a multiphase stator contains one group of electromagnetic poles of each phase at a time, the disadvantage of such a sub-design is a large bending load on the rotoi shaft. In the case of stators with evenly spaced poles, the number of rotor poles and the number of stator poles are preferably selected so that the opposite electromagnetic poles of both stators are offset by half the position of the position of adjacent stator poles, thus minimizing the magnetizing load and field fluctuations in the magnetic poles of the rotor.

An electromagnetic assembly may contain several rotors and stators. The engine may comprise one or more, preferably identical, electromagnetic circuits. In the case of radial motors with multiple electromagnetic assemblies, these may be arranged concentrically or coaxially. Multiphase motors containing single-phase statues contain at least one stator or a pair of stators of each electrical phase.

In the radial construction, the magnetic poles are oriented in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The part containing the magnetic poles has the usual shape of a ring. In the case of radial design with one rotor and one stator, it is possible to implement with internal or external rotor. In the axial construction, the magnetic poles are oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The part containing the magnetic poles usually has a disk shape. In a linear construction, the magnetic poles are oriented perpendicular to the direction of rotor motion. Figure 25 shows an example of a radial structure with a double stator and two rotors.

An assembly of electromagnetic poles may consist of several, preferably identical, modules. The joints of the assembly with the electromagnetic pole or its parts with the other parts of the motor are electrically non-conductive and preferably well thermal transient.

The motor housing is preferably made of metal, preferably aluminum or magnesium alloys. In order to increase the heat dissipation capability of the motor, the housing may include ducts for the cooling medium, with the advantage that the ducts run parallel to the surfaces through which the stators are in contact with the housing.

The described solution has some advantages over the known solutions. Since the length of each winding is smaller than the known solutions of the first group, the resistive losses in windings are also smaller, which are comparable to those of the transverse magnetic flux solutions. The simple design of the windings makes it very easy. They can be made separately, after which the individual cores of the poles are mounted on them. The simple winding design makes it possible to achieve large filling factors, especially with rectangular cross section guides. Due to the shape and location of the windings, a good heat dissipation from them is possible.

Because in most designs the windings of the windings are very tightly encircled by the nuclei of the electromagnetic poles, the variable magnetic field rapidly decreases with the distance from the magnetically permeable parts. Even with the described embodiments with pairs of circular windings, the coaxially varying magnetic field is significantly smaller than with most known cross-magnetic flux solutions.

The described construction enables the production of electromechanical converters with low energy losses, high specific torque, very low downtime, low torque unevenness, smooth running and good heat dissipation capability.

As a result, engines or generators can have a smaller mass, more compact design and higher specific torque than known solutions, making them particularly suitable for direct drive. At the same time, they are distinguished by their simple construction of electromagnetic assemblies.

Claims (34)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A synchronous electromechanical converter that acts as an engine or generator and contains at least one electromagnetic assembly containing at least one electromagnetic subassembly Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles with single and double cores are exchanged within the group of electromagnetic poles, whereby a magnetic flux of poles with single-core cores is passed through a single winding of the group; that the one-core cores of the poles preferably extend symmetrically, and the extended portions of the two-cores are preferably two-part; that the group of electromagnetic poles preferably contains an even number of poles. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of electromagnetic poles contains poles with single-core cores, through which a magnetic flux of every other pole of the group is passed through each winding of the group. gives the winding of a group of electromagnetic poles uniformly or contains two electrical opposite Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a rotatable design; that the statues adjacent to the magnetic slot with the same rotoi contain one group of electromagnetic poles; that each stator contains a circular winding through which the magnetic flux of electromagnetic poles is driven, the non-extended parts of which are located closer to the axis of rotation; that the windings are electrically opposite oriented. 5 the electromagnetic poles of the two stators are offset by half the position of the adjacent poles of the stator. 5 number of rotor poles. 5 groups the magnetic flux of all the halves of the group, the nuclei of the adjacent halves being passed through the winding envelope on opposite sides; that the cores of the poles extend asymmetrically and are preferably identical; that the nuclei of adjacent halves of the group preferably extend predominantly in opposite directions 10 5, Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a rotary embodiment; that the stator contains one group of electromagnetic poles and the electromagnetic poles contain bilateral S-shaped cores, and the magnetic poles on both sides of the nuclei are oriented equally; that the stator contains two, the electrical opposite 5 poles, hereinafter referred to as the stator, and at least one subassembly with magnetic poles, hereinafter referred to as the rotor, their roles may also be interchanged; that the subassemblies are arranged so that the magnetic poles can move relative to the electromagnetic poles; that the stator contains anti-rotoi oriented electromagnetic fields with magnetically permeable nuclei separated from the opposite magnetic poles by a magnetic gap which is narrow compared to Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the magnetic flux of all electromagnetic poles is driven through each winding sheath. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles of the electromagnetic pole group contain bilateral S-shaped cores, and the magnetic poles on both sides of the nuclei are oriented equally; gives through a single wrap of winding Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains cores of electromagnetic poles made of material with anisotropic magnetic properties; that the direction with the optimum magnetic properties of the material preferably coincides with the magnetic field laughs in the core stem; that the cores are preferably made of magnetically oriented sheet metal. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises cores of electromagnetic poles made of electrically insulated lamellae of magnetically permeable sheet or foil; that the direction of flow of the blades preferably coincides with the direction of movement of the rotor poles. 20. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one stator with bilateral cores of electromagnetic poles is located between two rotors, which move in concert; that the rotors contain an equal number of poles, the equally oriented magnetic poles of the two rotoi being preferably offset by a maximum of G / (2 £) the spacing of the adjacent rotor poles. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one stator contains an equal number, preferably equally spaced, electromagnetic poles of each of at least two electrical phases; that the number of rotor poles adjacent to a single magnetic slot with a stator (M) differs from the number of electromagnetic poles of the statue (E) 10 oriented subs, one of which captures the magnetic flux of odds and the other the even poles of the group; that the cores of the poles extend asymmetrically and are preferably identical; that the nuclei of adjacent halves of the group preferably extend predominantly in opposite directions; that the group of electromagnetic poles preferably contains an even number of poles. 15 10 the dimension of each magnetic pole in the direction of rotor motion; that the rotor comprises, in the direction of its motion, approximately uniformly spaced, alternately oriented magnetic fields, preferably permanent magnets, oriented approximately parallel to the pitch perpendicular to the surface adjacent to the magnetic slot of the individual stator; that magnetic poles may contain magnetic flux concentrators; gives in performances with Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 10, characterized in that the electromagnetic poles of the stator are evenly spaced. 5 Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 10, characterized in that the number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single stator magnetic gap (M) is greater than the number of stator electromagnetic poles (£) and the electromagnetic poles are arranged such that the spacing is leg adjacent halves of each group equal to the average leg spacing of adjacent rotor poles. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 10, characterized in that the number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single magnetic slot with stato (M) is greater than the number of electromagnetic poles of stato (£) and the number n of claim 10 is greater than one and the electromagnetic poles of each group are evenly spaced such that they cover for Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one statue contains groups of electromagnetic poles containing magnetically permeable material that do not belong to any electrical phase. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one stator contains only one group of electromagnetic poles; gives the number of rotoi poles adjacent to each stator magnetic gap (Af) equal to the number of stator electromagnetic poles (£ j; that the electromagnetic poles are approximately evenly spaced; 15 one third of the pole is larger than the number of rotor poles than the number of electromagnetic poles in the group. 15 rotary rotors, number of rotoi poles adjacent to a single magnetic slot with a stator, even number; having a radial, axial or linear arrangement, characterized in that the positions of the magnetic poles are in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the slot and the direction of motion of the rotor aligned; that the electromagnetic poles of the stator are arranged in clustered groups of at least two poles so that the poles of each group belong to the same electrical phase, at Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cores of the electromagnetic poles are inclined relative to the magnetic poles in the direction of rotor motion. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one stator changes the position of the adjacent electromagnetic poles periodically, preferably with a period equal to the number of poles of the stator or a multiple of the poles of each group of electromagnetic poles. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one rotor changes the position of the magnetic poles periodically, preferably with a period 19. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one electromagnetic assembly comprises one single-sided stator and one single-sided rotor. 20 is preferably the same, and the electromagnetic fields of the two stators are preferably electromagnetically equivalent. 20 wherein the adjacent poles of the same group are electrically phase shifted 180 °; that the cores of the poles of the electromagnetic pole group are formed and arranged so that at least a portion of the magnetic flux of at least every other pole of the group is passed through each winding of the coil of the electromagnetic poles, with the same sign being transmitted through the envelope of the magnetic flux at all poles; that the nuclei of electromagnetic poles are nearby 21. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one rotor located between two stators; that the statue is positioned relative to the magnetic poles of the rotor so that the average winding phase of the individual electrical phase is approximately aligned for both stators; that the number and arrangement of poles in both statues 22. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 21, characterized in that the rotor is located between two multiphase stators having the same number and arrangement of poles, Synchronous electromechanical transducer according to claim 22, characterized in that the stator, depending on the arrangement of the electromagnetic poles, is preferably offset at a relative distance from the rotor relative to one another by a maximum G / (2E) of the spacing of the adjacent rotor poles; 24. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 22, characterized in that the stator, with respect to the arrangement of the electromagnetic poles, is displaced in the direction of the rotoi one by one by an integer number of rotor poles, preferably by quotient M! (2G) nearest integer; that for statues with evenly spaced poles, the number of rotoi poles and the number of stator poles are preferably chosen so that they are opposite Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 19, characterized in that it contains one multiphase one-sided stator and one single-sided rotor; gives the preferred number of electrical phases three or two. 25. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one electromagnetic assembly contains multiple rotors and stats. The 25 positions of the rotor magnetic poles adjacent to the magnetic slot with the stator are aligned. 25 rotary rotor designs, the total center of gravity of the stator electromagnetic poles preferably coincides with the rotary axis of the rotor. 25 for the product between the number of stator groups whose electromagnetic poles belong to a single electrical phase (G) and an integer (n) that is not a multiple of the number of electrical phases (F), M = E ± nG; that adjacent electromagnetic poles belonging to different groups of electromagnetic poles are offset by 180 ° + sgn (AL-E) (180 ° / E) n; gives a natural number n preferably equal to one; that 25 oriented circular windings, one of which captures the magnetic flux of odd and the other the even poles. The 25 magnetic slots separating them from the magnetic poles extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the slot and the direction of motion of the magnetic poles such that the extended portion along the gap in the expansion direction has approximately the same dimension as the magnetic poles and is in this direction with approximately aligned; that the non-extended portions of the adjacent cores are spaced apart in the direction of expansion, so that there is sufficient space for windings between them; that the nuclei of electromagnetic 26. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains several electromagnetic circuits; that, in the case of a multiphase design with single-phase electromagnetic circuits, it preferably contains one circuit for each phase. 15 Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 26, characterized in that at least two assemblies are radially arranged and arranged concentrically in each other. 28. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains one bilateral stator and two rotoi; gives the preferred number of electrical phases three or two. 29. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains one double-sided rotor and two one-sided stators; gives the preferred number of electrical phases three or two. 30 radial design and external or internal rotor. 30, that each branch of the winding of each phase preferably contains an equal number opposite the electromagnetic poles of the first and second stator. 30 is the number of stator groups whose electromagnetic poles belong to each electrical phase, (G), preferably equal to one or two; that in embodiments with a rotary rotor in which the stator contains more than one group of electromagnetic poles of each phase, the total center of gravity of the electromagnetic poles of each phase preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor. 30 two sets of electromagnetic poles belonging to different stators, the magnetic flux through the windings of each pole having the same sign; that the cores of the poles of the two groups of electromagnetic poles extend asymmetrically and are preferably identical; that the nuclei of adjacent halves of each group preferably extend predominantly in opposite directions. The 30 poles are adjacent to one or two magnetic slots with magnetic poles. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 19, characterized in that it has an assembly 32. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of phases is equal to three or two. 33. A method of producing lamellar magnetically permeable cores of poles extending at least one end in a perpendicular direction to the course of the lamellae, from the strip of magnetically permeable sheet, characterized in that first the lamellae of appropriate length are cut from the strip, folded and curved , then, from the curved bundle of blades, individual nuclei or a single pair of nuclei with an associated portion are cut off, through which the magnetic flux between the nuclei of the pair is contracted; that in the preferred embodiment of the single core manufacturing process, the bundle of approximately equally long lamellae is curved into a multiple S-shape and cut into a multiple of four in the case of one-sided cores, with the exception of the S-shaped cores to an even number of cores ; that, in the manufacture of uniform pairs of nuclei, the bundle of lamellae is curved by wrapping it around a mandrel of a suitable shape; preferentially fastening the lamellae of the individual core by impregnation, but also by mechanical means; that the double-cores consist of two single-cores; the width of the strip is preferably equal to the dimension of the core in the direction of the lamellae. 34. Synchronous electromechanical converter according to claim 33, characterized in that the cores are made of material with anisotropic magnetic properties; that the direction with optimal magnetic properties preferably coincides with the longitudinal direction of the strip; the use of magnetically oriented sheet metal is preferred in the case of electric sheet blades.