SI21579A - Preparation for levelling a clamping assembly of devices for determining resistivity against wear due to sliding friction - Google Patents
Preparation for levelling a clamping assembly of devices for determining resistivity against wear due to sliding friction Download PDFInfo
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- SI21579A SI21579A SI200300121A SI200300121A SI21579A SI 21579 A SI21579 A SI 21579A SI 200300121 A SI200300121 A SI 200300121A SI 200300121 A SI200300121 A SI 200300121A SI 21579 A SI21579 A SI 21579A
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Description
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI Fakulteta za strojništvoUNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
MPK: GOI N 03/56 GOI B 05/24MPK: GOI N 03/56 GOI B 05/24
Priprava za niveliranje vpenjalnega sklopa naprave za ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenjaPreparation for leveling the clamping assembly of a device for determining wear resistance due to sliding friction
Izum je mogoče po eni strani uvrstiti na področje fizikalnega preizkušanja ter merjenja in ugotavljanja lastnosti materialov, namreč ugotavljanja odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja, po drugi strani pa k pripomočkom za merjenje kotov ter ugotavljanje (so)osnosti.The invention can be classified, on the one hand, in the field of physical testing and measurement and ascertainment of the properties of materials, namely, the determination of wear resistance due to sliding friction, and, on the other, the devices for measuring angles and determining (co) axes.
Pri tem izum temelji na problemu, kako pri vpenjalnem sklopu naprave za ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja zagotoviti možnost vizualnega nadzora poteka niveliranja plošče, na kateri je nameščen preizkušanec, s čimer bi bilo mogoče hitro in preprosto zagotoviti pravokotnost merilne površine preizkušanca glede na rotacijsko os vpenjalnega sklopa.The invention is based on the problem of how, in the clamping assembly of a device for determining wear resistance due to sliding friction, to provide the possibility of visual control of the leveling of the plate on which the test piece is mounted, in order to quickly and easily ensure the rectangularity of the measuring surface of the test specimen relative to the rotational the axis of the clamping assembly.
V stroki ustaljena in priznana metoda merjenja odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja narekuje, da se obrabo, ki je posledica drsnega trenja, meri na eni od površin ploščnatega rotirajočega preizkušanca, ki je vrtljiv okoli osi, ki poteka pravokotno glede na omenjeno merilno ravnino, obenem pa je proti omenjeni merilni površini z določeno silo, katere smer in jakost sta vnaprej določeni, pritisnjen nasproten stacionarni preizkušanec.A well-established and recognized method of measuring the resistance to wear due to sliding friction dictates that the wear resulting from sliding friction be measured on one of the surfaces of a flat rotary test piece rotating about an axis perpendicular to said measuring plane, at the same time however, a stationary tester is pressed against said measuring surface with a certain force, whose direction and strength are predetermined.
Meritve je mogoče izvajati na napravi, kakršna je npr. znana pod imenom PIN-DISC. Tovrstna naprava obsega ogrodje, v katerem je s pomočjo vertikalnega trna uležiščeno držalo, ki je zasnovana kot izdolbljen valj oz. kot nekakšna cilindrična tulčasta skodela z ravnim dnom. V to držalo je mogoče v območju njegovega dna pritrditi nosilno ploščo, na kateri je pritrjen, npr. prilepljen rotirajoči preizkušanec. S pomočjo omenjenega trna, ki je preko ustreznih transmisijskih sredstev povezan s primernim pogonskim sredstvom, je držalo vrtljivo okoli horizontalne osi, pri čemer merilna ravnina preizkušanca poteka horizontalno. Preizkušanec je običajno izveden kot kolut. Po drugi strani je na ogrodju obravnavane naprave predvideno ležišče, v katerem je vpet stacionarni preizkušanec, pri čemer naprava omogoča, da ta stacionarni preizkušanec s svojo čelno ploskvijo z vnaprej določeno silo pritiska proti merilni površini rotirajočega preizkušanca, in sicer na določenem radiju glede na os vrtenja rotirajočega preizkušanca.Measurements can be made on a device, such as e.g. known as PIN-DISC. Such a device comprises a frame in which, by means of a vertical mandrel, a holder is formed, which is designed as a hollow cylinder or. like a kind of cylindrical, flat-bottomed cup. A support plate can be attached to this holder in the area of its bottom, eg. glued rotary test piece. With the aid of said mandrel, which is connected to a suitable propulsion means by suitable transmission means, the holder is rotatable about a horizontal axis, the test plane being horizontal. The test subject is usually designed as a disc. On the other hand, there is provided in the frame of the device in question a bed in which a stationary tester is engaged, the device allowing this stationary tester to exert a predetermined force against the measuring surface of the rotating tester with a predetermined force on a given radius relative to the axis rotation of the rotating test piece.
V osnovi so te značilnosti omenjene naprave zajete tudi v US 6,418,776 BI, kjer pa je poleg tega opisana še cela vrsta drugih podrobnosti, ki zadevajo povsem drugačno problematiko od te, s katero se ukvarja pričujoči izum. Rešitev po US 6,418,776 BI namreč temelji na kritiki še pred tem znane naprave po US 5,795,990, pri kateri sta oba preizkušanca vrtljiva in se med njima ustvari orbitalno, planetno gibanje, katerega učinki pa so težko merljivi in so zato rezultati pogosto nejasni oz. netočni. Zaradi prisotnosti dveh pogonov naj bi šlo tudi za precejšnje deformacije v sami napravi, kar spet vodi k manjši natančnosti meritev. Zato je namen US 6,418,776 BI odpraviti omenjene pomanjkljivosti in razen tega razširiti možnosti izvajanja meritev še na druge načine. Za potrebe presoje pričujočega izuma zadostuje ugotovitev, da se US 6,418,776 BI z niveliranjem spodnjega oz. stacionarnega preizkušanca posebej niti ne ukvaija. Preizkušanec je preprosto privijačen na dno držala in s trnom držala vpet v napravo. Strokovnjaku pa mora biti pri tem razumljivo, da je na ta način zadovoljive rezultate meritev mogoče pričakovati edinole v primeru, če je merilna površina zares ravna in če je sočasno zagotovljena tudi njena pravokotnost glede na os vrtenja. Zgolj s privijačenjem preizkušanca v dno držala tega preprosto ni mogoče doseči. Možno pa je to doseči npr. na ta način, da odstranijo držalo, vanj namestijo preizkušanec z natančno obdelano ravno merilno površino in ga zatem skupaj z držalom s pomočjo trna držala vpnejo v drugo, nivelimo napravo. Ko z ustreznim niveliranjem in preverjanjem odstopkov npr. s pomočjo merilne ure dosežejo pravokotnost merilne površine glede na os trna, lahko vpnejo trn skupaj z držalom in v držalu nameščenim preizušancem nazaj v merilno napravo. V tem primeru mora biti za zagotavljanje ustrezne koncentracije meritev in izkoriščenosti merilne naprave na razpolago zadostno število držal, saj je v napravi lahko v času merjenja odpornosti na obrabo vpeto le eno, medtem ko s pomočjo preostalih razpoložljivih držal lahko tačas vršijo niveliranje še preostalih preizkušancev. Drug način zagotavljanja pravokotnosti med merilno ravnino rotirajočega preizkušanca in osjo vrtenja je mogoče zagotoviti z izejmno natančno obdelavo obeh med seboj vzporednih površin rotirajočega preizkušanca kot tudi izjemno natančno izdelanim držalom ob izjemni previdnosti med vgradnjo preizkušanca v držalo. Glede na stroške, ki so s tem povezani, se zdi tak pristop še posebej dvomljiv.Basically, these features of the said device are also covered by US 6,418,776 BI, which in addition describes a number of other details concerning a completely different problem from that of the present invention. Namely, the solution of US 6,418,776 BI is based on the criticism of a previously known device according to US 5,795,990, in which both subjects are rotatable, creating an orbital, planetary motion between them, whose effects are difficult to measure and therefore the results are often unclear or unclear. inaccurate. Due to the presence of two actuators, it would also result in considerable deformation in the device itself, which again leads to a less accurate measurement. Therefore, the purpose of US 6,418,776 BI is to remedy the aforementioned deficiencies and, in addition, to expand the measurement capabilities in other ways. For the purposes of evaluating the present invention, it is sufficient to conclude that US 6,418,776 BI is leveled by lowering or lowering. the stationary subject is not even queried. The tester is simply screwed to the bottom of the holder, and with a cane, is held in place by the device. However, it should be appreciated by the skilled person that in this way satisfactory measurement results can only be expected if the measuring surface is indeed flat and its perpendicularity to the axis of rotation is at the same time ensured. Just by screwing the test piece into the bottom of the holder, this simply cannot be achieved. However, it is possible to achieve this, for example. in this way, to remove the retainer, a test piece with a precisely machined flat measuring surface is placed therein, and then, together with the retainer, the holder is clamped to another leveling device. When, with proper leveling and checking of deviations e.g. by means of a measuring clock, they reach the perpendicularity of the measuring surface with respect to the axis of the thorn, they can clamp the thorn together with the holder and the test piece placed in the holder back into the measuring device. In this case, a sufficient number of holders should be available to ensure adequate measurement concentration and utilization of the measuring device, since only one can be attached to the device during the measurement of wear resistance, while the remaining test pieces can be leveled by the remaining holders. Another way of ensuring the perpendicularity between the measuring plane of the rotating specimen and the axis of rotation can be ensured by the extremely precise machining of the two parallel surfaces of the rotating specimen as well as the extremely carefully designed holder, with extreme care during mounting of the specimen in the holder. Given the costs involved, such an approach seems particularly dubious.
V tačas še neobjavljeni slovenski patentni prijavi (št. P-20030120) je opisana tudi nova in izboljšana rešitev vpenjalnega sklop naprave za ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja, ki sestoji vsaj iz držala in rotirajočega preizkušanca. Omenjeno držalo obsega trn, s pomočjo katerega ga je mogoče vpeti v napravo ter s tem zagotoviti pozicioniranj e in vrtenje držala okoli njegove osi. Rotirajoči preizkušanec je na omenjenem držalu pritijen na ta način, da njegova merilna površina poteka pravokotno glede na omenjeno os držala. V ta namen držalo obsega vsaj v bistvu ravno podporno površino, zlasti dno vdolbine, ki poteka vsaj v bistvu pravokotno glede na rotacijsko os in v katere osrednjem območju, ki sovpada z omenjeno osjo, je nameščena vzmetno podprta krogla. Na omenjeni krogli je oprta nivelima plošča z na sebi pritrjenim preizkušancem, katerega merilna površina je obrnjena vstran od omenjene nivelime plošče. Pri tem sta nivelima plošča in držalo opremljena in med seboj povezana z vsaj tremi povezovalnimi sredstvi, od katerih vsako zase po izbiri omogoča lokalno primikanje nivelime plošče v smeri proti podporni površini držala in proti sili vzmetno podprte krogle oz. odmikanje te nivelime plošče v smeri vstran od podporne površine držala. Prej omenjena a povezovalna sredstva med držalom in nivelimo ploščo z na sebi pritrjenim preizkušancem prednostno tvorijo glede na rotacijsko os simetrično razporejene navojne luknje, ki so na voljo v dnu držala ter vijaki, ki so s primemo ohlapnostjo vstavljeni skozi pripadajoče luknje v nivelimi plošči. Tako zasnovano nivelimo ploščo, oprto na vzmetno podprti kroglo, je možno s privijanjem oz. popuščanjem izbranega vijaka nagibati v želeno smer. Na ta način je teoretično mogoče zagotoviti pravokotnost merilne površine preizkušanca glede na rotacijsko os, pri čemer pa v praksi niveliranje poteka razmeroma počasi. Po namestitvi plošče v držalo namreč zgolj po občutku ni mogoče dovolj natančno ugotoviti njenega nagiba, zato je potrebno nad ploščo namestiti npr. merilno uro in postopoma sukati ploščo ter na ta način z merjenjem določiti najvišjo lokacijo. Temu sledi pritezanje ali popuščanje ustreznega vijaka, pri čemer pa je spet nemogoče vnaprej vedeti, ali bo to privitje zadostovalo za niveliranje plošče ali ne. V večini primerov je namreč zelo verjetno, da zasuk vijaka bodisi ne zadostuje za zagotovitev pravokotnosti merilne površine preizkušanca glede na rotacijsko os, ali pa je celo prevelik, kar prav tako pomeni, da pravokotnost ni dosežena. Sledi ponovno vrtenje nivelime vpenjalnega sklopa in kontroliranje položaja nivelime plošče z merilno uro ter za tem pritezanje ali popuščanje taistega ali katerega od preostalih vijakov. Strokovnjaku bo razumljivo, da gre v pri tovrstnem niveliranju za izjemno zamudno in utrujajoče približevanje končnemu cilju po korakih, katerih število in trajanje je vnaprej nemogoče predvideti. Zato nedvomno obstoji potreba, da bi bilo mogoče položaj plošče možno karseda natančno ugotoviti vizualno ter na osnovi teh ugotivitev proces niveliranja pripeljati vsaj v sklepno fazo najfinejšega niveliranja, s čimer bi bilo mogoče hitro in preprosto vsaj približati želeni pravokotnosti merilne površine preizkušanca glede na rotacijsko os ter na ta način bistveno skrajšati čas niveliranja.The yet unpublished Slovenian patent application (No. P-20030120) also describes a new and improved solution of a clamping assembly for wear resistance due to sliding friction consisting of at least a holder and a rotating test piece. Said bracket comprises a mandrel by which it can be clamped into the device to provide positioning and rotation of the bracket about its axis. The rotary test piece is attached to said holder in such a way that its measuring surface runs perpendicular to said axis of the holder. For this purpose, the holder comprises at least substantially a flat support surface, in particular the bottom of the recess, which extends at least substantially orthogonal to the rotary axis and in which a spring-supported ball is mounted in the central region coinciding with said axis. On said ball there is a leveling plate with a test piece attached to it, the measuring surface of which is facing away from said leveling plate. In this case, the leveling plate and the holder are equipped and interconnected by at least three connecting means, each of which optionally allows locally moving the leveling plate in the direction towards the supporting surface of the holder and against the force of the spring-supported spheres or. moving this leveling plate away from the support surface of the holder. The aforementioned connecting means between the retainer and the leveling plate with a self-attached test piece are preferably formed with respect to the rotary axis of the symmetrically arranged threaded holes available in the bottom of the holder and the screws inserted through the corresponding holes in the leveling plate with a suitable looseness. Such a leveling plate, supported on a spring-supported ball, is possible by screwing or. tilt the selected screw in the desired direction. In this way, it is theoretically possible to ensure the perpendicularity of the test surface of the test specimen with respect to the rotary axis, but in practice the leveling is relatively slow. Namely, after placing the plate in the holder, it is not possible to determine its tilt precisely enough, so it is necessary to place it above the plate, for example. and gradually rotate the panel to determine the maximum location by measuring. This is followed by tightening or loosening the appropriate screw, but again it is impossible to know in advance whether or not this screw will be sufficient to level the board. In most cases, it is highly probable that the screw rotation is either insufficient to ensure the orthogonal measurement of the test surface relative to the rotary axis, or even too large, which also means that the perpendicularity is not reached. This is followed by re-rotating the leveling clamp assembly and controlling the position of the leveling plate with a timer and tightening or loosening the one or any of the remaining screws. It will be understood by one of skill in the art that such leveling is an extremely time-consuming and tedious approach to the end goal in steps whose number and duration cannot be predicted in advance. Therefore, there is no doubt that the position of the panel can be as accurately ascertained visually and based on these findings the process of leveling can be brought to at least the final phase of the finest leveling, in order to quickly and easily at least approximate the desired perpendicularity of the measuring surface of the subject with respect to the rotary axis. thus significantly shortening the leveling time.
Priprava po izumu je namenjena za niveliranje vpenjalnega sklopa naprave za ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja. Vpenjalni sklop pri tem sestoji vsaj iz držala in rotirajočega preizkušanca z merilno površino. Držalo obsega trn, s pomočjo katerega ga je mogoče vpeti v napravo ter s tem zagotoviti pozicioniranje in vrtenje držala okoli njegove osi oz. rotacijske osi. Rotirajoči preizkušanec je na omenjenem držalu pritrjen na ta način, da njegova merilna površina poteka pravokotno glede na omenjeno rotacijsko os. Priprava po izumu obsega vsaj en nivelimi indikacijski pripomoček, ki je pritrjen na nivelimi plošči in skupaj z njo kot tudi z vsakokratnim rotirajočim preizkušancem vrtljiv okoli rotacijske osi. Pri tem omenjeni pripomoček sestoji iz vsaj enega ohišja, v katerem je na voljo ustrezna količina tekočine skupaj z ustreznim plinskim mehurjem. Po izbiri je torej na taisti površini nivelime plošče kot rotirajoči preizkušanec z merilno površino nameščen nivelimi indikacijski pripomoček, ki je zasnovan bodisi kot krožna libela ali kot sferična libela. Pri nadaljnji od možnih različic izuma sta na taisti površini nivelime plošče kot rotirajoči preizkušanec z merilno površino predvidena vsaj dva kot linijski libeli zasnovana nivelima indikacijska pripomočka, ki potekata v različnih smereh radialno vsaksebi po omenjeni površini nivelime plošče. Še zlasti je prednostno, če so na taisti površini nivelime plošče kot rotirajoči preizkušanec z merilno površino predvideni vsaj trije kot linijske libele zasnovani nivelimi indikacijski pripomočki, ki potekajo v radialni smeri vsaksebi po omenjeni površini nivelime plošče, pri čemer je npr.The device according to the invention is intended for leveling the clamping assembly of a device for determining wear resistance due to sliding friction. The clamping assembly then consists of at least a holder and a rotating test piece with a measuring surface. The holder comprises a mandrel by which it can be clamped into the device to provide positioning and rotation of the holder about its axis or. rotary axes. The rotary test piece is fixed to said holder in such a way that its measuring surface runs perpendicular to said rotary axis. The device according to the invention comprises at least one leveling indication device, which is mounted on the leveling plate and rotatable about the rotary axis together with it as well as with the respective rotary test piece. The said device consists of at least one housing in which an adequate amount of liquid is available together with a suitable gas bladder. Optionally, therefore, a level indication device is mounted on the same surface of the leveling plate as a rotary test piece with a measuring surface designed either as a circular level or as a spherical level. In a further embodiment of the invention, on the same surface of the leveling plate, at least two leveling devices designed for leveling indication devices are provided as rotating test pieces with a measuring surface, extending radially in each direction along said surface of the leveling plate. In particular, it is advantageous if at least three linear-level leveling means are provided on the same surface of the leveling plate as a rotating test piece with a measuring surface, extending in radial direction to each other along said surface of the leveling plate, e.g.
vsak od nivelimih indikacij skih pripomočkov lahko nameščen v utoru, ki je na voljo na nivelirni plošči v območju njene zgornje površine, na kateri se nahaja preizkušanec, obsegajoč merilno površino. Nadalje je vsakokraten nivelirni indikacijski pripomoček z nivelirno ploščo bodisi razstavljivo ali nerazstavljivo povezan. Pri posebni izvedbi izuma je nivelirni indikacijski pripomoček nameščen na nosilcu, ki poteka v radialni smeri nivelirne plošče in ki je s slednjo razstavljivo povezan, še zlasti s pomočjo zatiča. Pri nazadnje omenjeni izvedbi je še zlasti ugodno če je nivelirni indikacijski pripomoček nameščen na nosilcu, ki je v območju izreza nivelirne plošče razstavljivo povezan s slednjo. To pomeni, da je nivelirni indikacijski pripomoček nameščen na nosilcu, ki poteka v radialni smeri nivelirne plošče, zasnovane z izrezom kot tudi z radialno luknjo, ki je na voljo v območju omenjenega izreza, pri čemer je omenjeni nosilec vstavljen v omenjeno luknjo in tam po izbiri s pomočjo zatiča zavarovan proti izvlečenju.each of the leveling indications may be located in a groove available on the leveling plate in the area of its upper surface on which the test piece is located, comprising the measuring surface. Further, each leveling indicating device is either individually or indivisibly connected to the leveling plate. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the leveling indicating device is mounted on a support extending radially in the leveling plate and connected to the latter with the latter, in particular by means of a pin. In the latter embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the leveling indicating device is mounted on a support that is detachably connected to the latter in the region of the cutout of the leveling plate. This means that the leveling indication device is mounted on a beam extending in the radial direction of the leveling plate, designed with a cutout as well as a radial hole available in the region of said cutout, wherein said support is inserted into said hole and thereafter selection by means of a pin secured against pull.
Izum bo v nadaljevanju obrazložen na osnovi primerov izvedbe, ki so prikazani na priloženi skici, kjer kažejo sl. 1 vpenjalni sklop naprave za ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi drsnega trenja, skupaj z rotirajočim preizkušancem in prvim primerom izvedbe nivelimega indikacij skega pripomočka, v tlorisu sl. 2 sklop v prerezu v horizontalni ravnini II - II po sl. 1, sl. 3 vpenjalni sklop z nadaljnjim primerom izvedbe nivelimega indikacij skega pripomočka, spet v tlorisu, sl. 4 vpenjalni sklop s še nadaljnjim primerom izvedbe nivelimega indikacijskega pripomočka, spet v tlorisu, sl. 5 prav tako v tlorisu prikazan vpenjalni sklop s še nadaljnjim primerom izvedbe nivelimega indikacijskega pripomočka, in sl. 6 pripomoček po v prerezu v ravnini VI - VI po sl. 5.The invention will now be explained on the basis of the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing, which show FIG. 1 shows a clamping assembly of a device for determining the wear resistance due to sliding friction, together with a rotary test piece and the first embodiment of a leveling indication device, in the plan of FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal plane II - II of FIG. 1, FIG. Fig. 3 is a clamping assembly with a further embodiment of the leveling indication of the device, again in the plan, FIG. Fig. 4 shows a clamping assembly with a further embodiment of a leveling indicating device, again in the plan; 5 also shows in the plan a clamping assembly with a further embodiment of a leveling indicating device, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in the plane VI - VI of FIG. 5.
Vpenjalni sklop sestoji iz držala 1, v katerem je nameščena nivelima plošča 2 z na sebi nameščenim rotirajočim preizkušancem 3. Osno-simetrično zasnovano držalo 1 sestoji iz trna 11 in cilindrične vdolbine 12 z ravnim in glede na vzdolžno os 110 držala 1 pravokotnim dnom 120. Trn 11 je izveden na ta način, da gaje mogoče vpeti v ustrezno (na skici neprikazano) gnezdo vsakokratne merilne naprave, s čimer je po eni strani zagotovljeno pozicioniranje držala 1, po drugi strani pa je s tem zagotovljen tudi pogon, ki omogoča vrtenje držala 1 in s tem rotacijo preizkušanca 3.The clamping assembly consists of a holder 1 in which the leveling plate 2 is mounted with a rotating test piece 3. The axisymmetrically designed holder 1 consists of a mandrel 11 and a cylindrical recess 12 with a straight and with respect to the longitudinal axis 110 of the holder 1 with a rectangular bottom 120. The mandrel 11 is constructed in such a way that it can be clamped into the corresponding (not shown) socket of each measuring device, thus providing positioning of the holder 1 on the one hand, and on the other, providing a drive allowing rotation of the holder 1 and thus the rotation of the subject 3.
V dnu 120 držala 1 so na voljo tri glede na os 110 simetrično razporejene navojne luknje 13', 13, 13'. V osrednjem območju 121 dna 120 držala 1 je predvidena nadaljnja vdolbina 122, v kateri je nameščena z vzmetjo 123 podprta krogla 125.In the bottom 120 of the holder 1 there are three threaded holes 13 ', 13, 13' symmetrically arranged in the axis 110. In the central region 121 of the bottom 120 of the holder 1, a further recess 122 is provided in which a ball 125 is supported by a spring 123.
Preizkušanec 3 kot tak je do določene mere obdelan, tako da je vsaj njegova merilna površina 31 ravna, kar pomeni, daje vsaj ravnost omenjene površine 31 dosežena v okviru za potrebe izvajanja meritev še dopustnih odstopanj.Test subject 3 as such is machined to a certain extent such that at least its measuring surface 31 is flat, which means that at least the flatness of said surface 31 is achieved within the frame for the purpose of carrying out measurements of tolerances.
Omenjeni reizkušanec 3 je pritrjen na nivelimo ploščo 2, in sicer na najbolj smotrn način kar z lepljenjem na razpoložljivo površino 21 nivelime plošče 2, tako da je njegova merilna površina 31 obrnjena vstran od plošče 2.Said test subject 3 is attached to the leveling plate 2 in the most expedient manner by gluing it to the available surface 21 of the leveling plate 2 so that its measuring surface 31 is turned away from the plate 2.
Nivelima plošča 2 je (sl. 1 in 2) opremljena s tremi skoznjimi luknjami 22', 22, 22', katerih razporeditev je usklajena z razporeditvijo prej omenjenih navojnih lukenj 13’, 13, 13' v dnu 120 držala 1.Skozi omenjene luknje 22', 22, 22' so vstavljivi vijaki 23', 23, 23', ki z ustrezno ohlapnostjo potekajo skozi nivelimo ploščo 2 in jih je možno priviti v luknje 13', 13, 13' v dnu 120 držala 1.The leveling plate 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is provided with three through holes 22 ', 22, 22', the arrangement of which is aligned with the arrangement of the previously mentioned threaded holes 13 ', 13, 13' in the bottom 120 of the holder 1. Through said holes 22 ', 22, 22' are insertable screws 23 ', 23, 23' which pass through the leveling plate 2 with adequate looseness and can be screwed into the holes 13 ', 13, 13' in the bottom 120 of the holder 1.
Ko je preizkušanec 3 nameščen na pripadajoči površini 21 nivelime plošče 2 in ko vzmetno podprta krogla 125 nameščena v vdolbini 122, tako da deloma štrli iz območja omenjene vdolbine 122 nad ravnino dna 120 držala 1, se držalo 1 namesti nivelimo ploščo 2, tako da je preizkušanec 3 s svojo merilno površino 32 obrnjen vstran od trna 11, v danem primeru navzgor. Nivelima plošča 2 nalega na krogli 125, tako da zahvaljujoč štrlenju krogle 125 iz omenjene vdolbine 122 na površini dna 120 držala 1 nalega v eni sami točki, medtem ko je preostanek plošče 2 držan na odmiku od dna 120 držala 1.When the test piece 3 is mounted on the corresponding surface 21 of the leveling plate 2 and when the spring-supported ball 125 is positioned in the recess 122 so that it protrudes partly from the area of said recess 122 above the plane of the bottom 120 of the holder 1, the holder 1 installs the leveling plate 2 so that test subject 3 with its measuring surface 32 turned away from the mandrel 11, preferably upwards. The leveling plate 2 rests on the ball 125, so that due to the projection of the ball 125 from said recess 122 on the surface of the bottom 120 of the holder 1 it rests at a single point, while the rest of the plate 2 is kept at a distance from the bottom 120 of the holder 1.
Zatem skozi luknje 22', 22, 22' v plošči 2 vstavimo vijake 23', 23, 23' in jih do želene mere privijemo v luknje 13', 13, 13' v dnu 120 držala 1. V teh razmerah je nivelima plošča 2 podprta izključno s pomočjo krogle 125, ki je podprta z vzmetjo 123 in s tem odriva ploščo 2 vstran od dna 120 vdolbine 12 držala 1. V teh pogojih je mogoče nivelimo ploščo 2 približevati dnu 120 ali jo oddaljevati od dna 120 s pritezanjem ali popuščanjem vijakov 23', 23, 23'. Na ta način je možno doseči niveliranje plošče 2 in s tem tudi merilne površine 31 preizkušanca 3 glede na ravnino dna 120 oz. glede na vzdolžno os 110 držala oz. tma 11. Če npr. v položaj, v kakršnem je na sl. 2 čisto shematično ponazorjen stacionarni preizkušanec 4, namesto slednjega vpnemo neprikazano merilno uro, se tipalo slednje nahaja na merilni površini 31 preizkušanca 3. S počasnim vrtenjem držala 1 in zaporednim pritezanjem oz. popuščanjem treh med seboj razmaknjenih vijakov 23', 23, 23' je mogoče zahvaljujoč podprtosti plošče 2 s kroglo 125 doseči pravokotnost merilne površine 31 preizkušanca 3 praktično neodvisno od geometrije dna 120 držala ali naležne ploskve 32 preizkušanca in brez vsakršne zračnosti.Thereafter, screws 23 ', 23, 23' are inserted through holes 22 ', 22, 22' in panel 2 and screwed in to holes 13 ', 13, 13' in the bottom 120 of the holder 1. To this extent, plate 2 is leveled. supported exclusively by ball 125, which is supported by a spring 123, thereby pushing the plate 2 away from the bottom 120 of the recess 12 of the holder 1. In these conditions, the leveling plate 2 can be brought closer to the bottom 120 or removed from the bottom 120 by tightening or loosening the screws 23 ', 23, 23'. In this way, it is possible to achieve the leveling of the plate 2 and thus the measuring surfaces 31 of the test specimen 3 with respect to the plane of the bottom 120 or. with respect to the longitudinal axis 110 of the holder or. tma 11. If e.g. to the position as in FIG. 2, a purely schematically illustrated stationary test piece 4, instead of clamping an unspecified measuring clock, the latter is located on the measuring surface 31 of test specimen 3. By slowly rotating the holder 1 and successively tightening or. by loosening the three spaced screws 23 ', 23, 23' due to the support of the plate 2 with the ball 125, the perpendicularity of the measuring surface 31 of the test piece 3 can be achieved practically independently of the geometry of the bottom 120 of the holder or the contact surface 32 of the test piece and without any clearance.
Niveliranje plošče 2 je možno znatno pospešiti na ta način, da je na plošči 2 predviden vsaj en nivelimi indikacijski pripomoček 5. Ta pripomoček 5 je v osnovi lahko zasnovan kot libela, npr. bodisi kot krožna oz. sferična libela ali kot linijska libela ali tudi drugače, pri čemer obsega vsaj ohišje 51, v katerem je zaprta tekočina 52 skupaj z mehurjem 53 plinaste snovi (sl. 1). V prikazanem primeru po sl. 1 je pripomoček 5 nameščen na zgornji površini 21 nivelime plošče 2, torej na taisti površini 21, na kateri je nameščen tudi rotirajoči preizkušanec 3, na katerem se nahaja merilna površina 31.The leveling of panel 2 can be significantly accelerated in such a way that at least one level indication device 5 is provided in panel 2. This device 5 can basically be designed as a level, e.g. either as a circular or spherical level or as a line level or otherwise, comprising at least a housing 51 in which fluid 52 is closed together with the bladder 53 of the gaseous substance (Fig. 1). In the example shown in FIG. 1, the accessory 5 is mounted on the upper surface 21 of the leveling plate 2, that is, on the same surface 21, on which is also mounted a rotary test piece 3, on which the measuring surface 31 is located.
Še natančnejše niveliranje je mogoče doseči npr. s pomočjo nivelimega indikacijskega pripomočka 5, ki sestoji iz treh na taisti površini 21 nivelirne plošče 2 nameščenih, radialno vsaksebi potekajočih linijskih libel 5', 5, 5', ki so v danem primeru nameščene v radialnih utorih 50', 50', 50'.Even more precise leveling can be achieved e.g. by means of a leveling indicating device 5, consisting of three radially extending linear vials 5 ', 5, 5', which are optionally mounted in radial grooves 50 ', 50', 50 'on the same surface 21 of the leveling plate 2 .
Po drugi strani je možno večjo zanesljivost pri določanju vsakokratne nagnjenosti nivelime plošče 2 kot v primeru po sl. 1 zagotoviti z namestitvijo več, npr. vsaj dveh ali treh pripomočkov 5 na nivelimo ploščo 2, natančneje na njeno od trna 11 vstran obrnjeno površino 21. Tak primer je prikazan na sl. 4.On the other hand, greater reliability in determining the respective inclination of the leveling plate 2 is possible than in the case of FIG. 1 to provide by installing more, e.g. at least two or three accessories 5 to the leveling plate 2, more specifically to its surface 11 from the side 11, facing the surface 21. An example is shown in FIG. 4.
Ko je omenjeno niveliranje preizkušanca 3 zaključeno in torej merilna površina 31 rotirajočega preizkušanca 3 pravokotna glede na os 110 rotacije, je mogoče vzpostaviti rotacijo preizkušanca 3 z ustrezno hitrostjo, zatem pa proti merilni površini z zahtevano silo, npr. 100 N, pritiskati stacionarni preizkušanec 4, kije na sl. 2 kot že omenjeno zgolj shematično ponazorjen. Po določenem času preizkušanja se z zaustavitvijo držala 1 in odvitjem vijakov 23', 23, 23' nivelimo ploščo 2 odstrani iz držala 1, nakar je možno izvršiti opazovanje merilne površine 31 ter izvesti ustrezne meritve rotirajočega preizkušanca 3 in po potrebi tudi stacionarnega preizkušanca 4.When said leveling of the test piece 3 is completed and therefore the measuring surface 31 of the rotating test piece 3 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 110, it is possible to establish the rotation of the test piece 3 at an appropriate speed, and then against the measuring surface with the required force, e.g. 100 N, press stationary test piece 4, which in FIG. 2, as already mentioned, is only schematically illustrated. After a certain time of testing, by removing the holder 1 and loosening the screws 23 ', 23, 23', the leveling plate 2 is removed from the holder 1, after which it is possible to observe the measuring surface 31 and to make appropriate measurements of the rotary tester 3 and, if necessary, the stationary tester 4.
Strokovnjaku bo razumljivo, da je možno meritev izvajati tudi v primeru, če je med preizkušancema 3, 4 predviden sloj maziva. Niveliranje rotirajočega preizkušanca 3 je tudi v primeru, če je ta oblit z mazivom ali če se mazivo nahaja na dnu 120 v vdolbini 12 držala 1, izvedljivo brez vsakršnih zapletov. Vendar pa je v tem primeru zelo priporočljivo, če so nivelimi indikacijski pripomočki 5, 5', 5, 5' na ploščo 2 nameščeni na odstranljiv način. Tak primer je prikazan na sl. 5 in 6. Pritrdilna plošča 2 je v tem primeru opremljena z izrezom 27 in z radialno pravokotno luknjo 26, v katero je vstavljiv nosilec 55 nivelimega indikacij skega pripomočka 5, sestoj ečega iz ohišja 51, v katerem je na voljo tekočina 52 s plinskim mehurjem 53. Omenjeni nosilec 55 je v omenjeni luknji vstavljen primemo tesno prilegajoče se in proti izvlečenju zavarovan še z zatičem 54. Med niveliranjem je nosilec 55 na ta način povezan z nivelimo ploščo 2 ter skupaj z njo in preizkušancem 3 vrtljiv okoli rotacijske osi 110. Po zaključenem vsaj predhodnem niveliranju, čemur sledi zaključna faza niveliranja, npr. z merilno uro, ali tudi po zaključku niveliranja nasploh, je možno po izvlečenju zatiča 54 nosilec 55 skupaj s pripomočkom 5 odstraniti z nivelime plošče 2 ter pričeti z obrabljanjem preizkušanca 3, še zlasti npr z uporabo maziva.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that measurement may also be performed if a layer of lubricant is provided between test pieces 3, 4. The leveling of the rotary test piece 3 is also feasible without any complications if it is coated with a lubricant or if the lubricant is located at the bottom 120 in the recess 12 of the holder 1. However, in this case, it is highly recommended that the level indication devices 5, 5 ', 5, 5' are mounted on the panel 2 in a removable manner. Such an example is shown in FIG. 5 and 6. In this case, the mounting plate 2 is provided with a recess 27 and a radially rectangular hole 26 into which a carrier 55 of a leveling indication device 5 consisting of a housing 51 in which a gas-bubble 52 is available 53. The mounting bracket 55 is inserted into said hole by a tight fit and secured against the pull out by a pin 54. During the leveling, the mounting bracket 55 is thus connected to the leveling plate 2 and rotatable about the rotary axis 110 together with it and the test piece 3. completed at least a preliminary leveling, followed by a final leveling phase, e.g. with the measuring clock, or even after the leveling has been completed in general, it is possible to remove the carrier 55 together with the accessory 5 from the leveling plate 2 and begin to wear the test piece 3, in particular by using a lubricant after removing the pin 54.
Nazadnje opisana izvedba je lahko prednostna tudi v primeru, kadar se preizkušanje vrši pri razmeroma veliki hitristi vrtenja držala 1, ko bi npr. prisotnost nivelimih indikacijskih pripomočkov 5, 5', 5, 5' lahko vplivala na dinamično uravnoteženost vrtečih se delov.The embodiment described last may also be advantageous when testing is performed at a relatively high rotation speed of the holder 1, when e.g. the presence of leveling indicating aids 5, 5 ', 5, 5' may affect the dynamic balance of the rotating parts.
Claims (14)
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