SI21194A - Reactor for thermal energy generation from fuel gas from leftovers - Google Patents

Reactor for thermal energy generation from fuel gas from leftovers Download PDF

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SI21194A
SI21194A SI200200079A SI200200079A SI21194A SI 21194 A SI21194 A SI 21194A SI 200200079 A SI200200079 A SI 200200079A SI 200200079 A SI200200079 A SI 200200079A SI 21194 A SI21194 A SI 21194A
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Slovenia
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gasification
blast furnace
shaft
gas
substance
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SI200200079A
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Slovenian (sl)
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Wolfgang KRUPKA
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Rvt D.O.O.
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

For continuous generation of thermal energy from fuel gas from leftovers or organic material, particularly from organic leftovers it is necessary to dry the leftovers in a continuous process, degas them and subsequently gasify them by adding gasification agents. A blast furnace (4) is used for this purpose, where the shaft is separated from the following chamber by a circular or longitudinal slot (19). In the first phase all filling processes are carried out in the filling layer inside the shaft (15). In the second one it is necessary - in order to produce a higher throughput - to provide a device with a blast furnace and equally shaped slot-like passage, while prior to the blast furnace there is a first chamber (34), e.g. rotating drum, where the drying process and degasification until carbonisation are carried out. The gasification agent in both cases of the process is added in the flow direction of the supplied material until the gasification process latest. The addition of the gasification agent depends on the temperature, which is adjusted within the live coals.

Description

Reaktor toplotne energije z gorilnim plinom iz ostankovResidual fuel gas heat reactor

Izum se nanaša na postopek za kontinuirano pridobivanje toplotne energije z gorilnim plinom iz ostankov (organskih ostankov), pri katerem se ostanki v kontinuiranem pomiku sprva v hermetično zaprtem prostoru pri naraščajoči temperaturi do 550°C posušijo, razplinijo in v nadaljevanju pri visokih temperaturah uplinijo. Izum se nanaša na dva alternativna načina postopka, kakor tudi na opremo za izvajanje tega alternativnega načina postopanja.The invention relates to a process for the continuous extraction of thermal energy by a combustion gas from residues (organic residues), in which the residues are initially continuously moved in a hermetically sealed room at an increasing temperature to 550 ° C, dried, degassed and subsequently gasified at high temperatures. The invention relates to two alternative methods of procedure as well as to equipment for performing this alternative method of operation.

Postopek in naprave, pri katerih bodo uplinjeni ostanki iz organskih snovi, t.p. predvsem trdni in morebiti tekoči ostanki, se nanašajo na znano tehnično stanje. Tako je npr. iz DE- PS 26 54 041 znan postopek, pri katerem odpadne snovi najprej posušijo, potem razplinijo in na koncu uplinijo. Pri tem znanem postopku pa končno zgorijo tudi predhodno obdelani plinasti in trdni produkti.The process and apparatus at which residues from organic matter will be gassed, e.g. in particular solid and possibly liquid residues refer to a known technical state. Thus, e.g. from DE-PS 26 54 041 a known process in which the waste materials are first dried, then degassed and subsequently gasified. In this known process, however, pre-treated gaseous and solid products are finally burnt.

Sušenje, razplinjanje, uplinjanje in procesi izgorevanja potekajo kontinuirano. V komori za uplinjanje se iz razplinjenih produktov tvori žerjavica, v katero dovajamo zadostno količino zraka tako da dobimo dovolj veliko prostornino in zadovoljivo visoko temperaturo. Pri tem postopku uplinjeni plini niso enakomerne sestave, zato se transport do oddaljenega uporabnika ne splača.Drying, degassing, gasification and combustion processes are continuous. In the gasification chamber, a flue is formed from the degassed products, into which sufficient air is supplied to obtain a sufficiently large volume and a sufficiently high temperature. In this process, gaseous gases are not of uniform composition, so transportation to a remote user is not worth it.

Iz DE -OS 27 34 973 je tudi že znan postopek, pri katerem segretim ostankom po sušenju, t.p. med uplinjanjem dovajamo v podstehiometričnem količinskem razmerju sveži zrak in sicer pred vhodom v zažigalno komoro. Pri tem se del gorilnih plinov, nastalih pri uplinjanju ostankov odvzame pred vhodom v zažigalno komoro. Tudi pri tem postopku nastali plin nima potrebne enakomerne sestave tako, da se ga ne splača transportirati do uporabnika.DE-OS 27 34 973 also discloses a process in which heated residues after drying, e.g. during gasification, fresh air is supplied in sub-stoichiometric proportions before entering the combustion chamber. Part of the combustion gases produced during the gasification of the residues is removed before the entrance to the combustion chamber. Even with this process, the resulting gas does not have the necessary uniform composition so that it is not worth transporting it to the user.

Nastanek gorilnega plina iz lesa, premoga in koksa je znan. Plin se zaradi nepopolnega izgorevanja surovine nabira v generatorju, izdelanem v obliki odprtega jaška, v katerega dovajamo kot sredstvo za uplinjanje zrak, kisik in/ali vodno paro. Gorljivi del plina, ki ga vsebuje nastali generatorski plin, sta v največjem obsegu ogljikov monoksid in vodik ter majhen del metana. Ostale sestavine generatorskega plina so dušik in ogljikov dioksid. Proces pridobivanja plina poteka endotermno. Želja je, da uplinjanje v generatorju poteka pri najvišji možni temperaturi tako, da ohranimo visoko stopnjo deleža ogljikovega monoksida in vodika.The formation of burning gas from wood, coal and coke is known. Due to the incomplete combustion of the raw material, the gas is collected in an open-pit generator, into which air, oxygen and / or water vapor are fed as gasification agents. The combustible part of the gas contained in the generated generator gas is carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and a small fraction of methane. The other components of the generator gas are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The gas production process is endothermic. The desire is for gasification in the generator to take place at the highest possible temperature so as to maintain a high degree of carbon monoxide and hydrogen content.

Pri kontinuiranem iznosu materiala iz generatorja je znano, da snovi za uplinjanje dovajamo s spodnje strani v visoko peč. V generatorju nastali plin se v glavi visoke peči odvzame, pred uporabo kot gorilni plin pa mu moramo odvzeti še katran.Continuous removal of material from the generator is known to supply the gasification material from the bottom to the blast furnace. The gas generated in the generator is extracted in the head of the blast furnace, and tar must be taken away before being used as a combustion gas.

Osnovna naloga izuma je vzpostaviti načine postopka, ki omogočajo z uplinjanjem organskih ostankov v kontinuiranem procesu izdelati gorilni plin enakomerne sestave, ki je primeren za zunanjo uporabo. Izdelava gorilnega plina, še posebej glede na razpoložljivost z različnimi ostanki, ki pri kontinuiranem delovanju mnogokrat nastajajo pri raznovrstnem pretoku surovine, mora biti lahko vodljiva in pri tem nuditi tudi dober izkoristek. Nadaljnja naloga izuma je, da za izpeljavo celotnega postopka po možnosti izvedemo enostavno tehnično opremo.It is an object of the invention to provide process methods which allow the gasification of organic residues in a continuous process to produce a combustible gas of uniform composition suitable for external use. The production of combustion gas, especially given the availability of various residues, which are repeatedly generated by the continuous flow of the raw material during continuous operation, must be easily manageable and at the same time offer good efficiency. It is a further object of the invention to carry out simple technical equipment to carry out the entire process.

Rešitev (Patentni zahtevek 1) naloge je vtem, da razplinjeni surovini pri uplinjanju, ki poteka pri temperaturi pribl. 1000 °C, najkasneje v začetku faze uplinjanja, med pomikanjem surovine dodajamo ustrezno količino sredstev za uplinjanje kot so zrak, para, ogljikov dioksid, O2 ali mešanico teh snovi. Izum predstavlja tudi nadaljnji razvoj znanih postopkov, ko uplinjenim snovem že od začetka enakomerno dodajamo snovi za uplinjanje. S tem dosežemo, da postopek uplinjanja dosti lažje obvladamo in enostavno krmilimo, saj je vnos snovi za uplinjanje odvisen od sestave plinov, nastalih pri uplinjanju in trdnih, gorljivih snovi.The solution (Claim 1) of the task is that the gasification of the raw material takes place at a temperature of approx. 1000 ° C, at the latest at the beginning of the gasification phase, add an appropriate amount of gasification agents such as air, steam, carbon dioxide, O 2 or a mixture of these substances as the raw material moves. The invention also represents a further development of the known processes in which the gasification agents are uniformly added from the beginning to the gasification substances. This makes the gasification process much easier to handle and easy to control, since the intake of the gasification material depends on the composition of the gases produced during the gasification and the solids, combustibles.

Alternativna rešitev je značilna po tem (Patentni zahtevek 2), da je potrebno opraviti sušenje, razplinjanje in uplinjanje ostankov v dveh medsebojno ločenih postopkih, pri katerem ostanke najprej posušimo in razplinimo ter snovi, nastale pri razplinjanju nato uplinimo. Pri tem surovino vodimo tako, da je pretok surovine med prvo in drugo fazo postopka zaradi mehanske obdelave surovine, nastale pri razplinjanju možno prekiniti in, da surovini, ki jo bomo razplinili pri temperaturah do pribl. 1000 0 C na začetku uplinjanja med pretokom surovine dodajamo sredstvo za uplinjanje, zrak, paro, ogljikov dioksid, O2 ali zmes teh snovi, ustrezno spremembam sestave surovine.An alternative solution (Claim 2) is that it is necessary to carry out drying, degassing and gasification of the residues in two mutually separate processes, in which the residues are first dried and degassed and the gaseous substances are then gasified. The raw material is managed in such a way that the flow of the raw material between the first and second stages of the process due to mechanical treatment of the raw material produced during degassing can be interrupted and that the raw material which will be degassed at temperatures up to approx. 1000 0 C At the beginning of gasification during the flow of the raw material, a gasifier, air, steam, carbon dioxide, O 2 or a mixture of these substances are added to suit the changes in composition of the raw material.

Velika prednost je, da se surovini za uplinjanje v smeri pretoka surovine dovaja sredstvo za uplinjanje plina skupaj s plinom, ki nastaja pri sušenju in razplinjanju (Patentni zahtevek 3). Pri tem se para, ki se sprošča pri sušenju (nastala vodna para) za uplinjanje ogljika in plina, nastalega pri razplinjanju ostankov, zaradi razcepa dolgoverižnih ogljikovodikovih molekul v nizke molekulske povezave, vodi preko koksa, nastalega pri razplinjanju, tako, da se pomemben del odpadkov pretvori v visoko kvalitetne spojine. Pri tem je smotrno, da v žerjavico, ki nastane pri uplinjanju, dodajamo zrak in/ali kisik, da razcepimo (razdelimo) različne pline (npr. dim)(Patentni zahtevek 4).The great advantage is that the gasification material is supplied with the gas gasification agent along with the gas produced by drying and degassing in the direction of the raw material flow (Claim 3). In this case, the steam released (drying water vapor) for the carbonisation of the residues of carbon and gas due to the cleavage of the long chain hydrocarbon molecules into low molecular bonds is led through the coke produced by the degassing so that a significant portion transforms waste into high quality compounds. It is advantageous to add air and / or oxygen to the emitting gas emitted by the gas to emit various gases (eg, smoke) (Patent 4).

Smotrno je, da snovi za uplinjanje dodamo v odvisnosti od temperature žerjavice, nastale pri uplinjanju (Patentni zahtevek 5).It is advantageous to add gasification agents depending on the temperature of the embers generated during the gasification (Claim 5).

Prednost ima dodajanje snovi za uplinjanje v področju, v katerem ima surovina temperaturo do pribl. 200 °C (Patentni zahtevek 6).Preference is given to the addition of a gasifier in an area where the feedstock has a temperature of up to approx. 200 ° C (Claim 6).

Prednost je, da gorilni plin, nastal pri uplinjanju izvzamemo preko razcepljenega prehoda, pri čemer se surovina zadržuje do uplinjanja (Patentni zahtevek 7). Pri tem je prednost tudi v tem, da nastali gorilni plin pri rekuperativni izmenjavi toplote služi kot pred ogrevanje produkta, ki bo uplinjen (Patentni zahtevek 8).The advantage is that the combustion gas produced during the gasification is extracted via a split passage, the raw material being retained until the gasification (Claim 7). It is also advantageous that the resulting combustion gas serves as a pre-heating product to be gasified during the heat recovery (Claim 8).

Pri uplinjanju fino zrnatih produktov, kot npr. žagina moka ali riževe lupinice, se je za nastanek žerjavice pokazal kot prednost dodatek najmanj 10-tih % teže dodanega grobega produkta (Patentni zahtevek 9). Zaradi različnih velikosti kosov za obdelavo namenjenih produktov se pri izhodni špranji pojavi iz grobih delov žerjavica, ki ima sitast videz in le malo malih materialnih delov, ki so v glavnem uplinjeni. Dimenzije posameznih kosov grobih produktov so izbrane tako, da poteka transport produkta v jašku nemoteno.In the gasification of fine-grained products, e.g. sawdust of flour or rice husk, the addition of at least 10% by weight of the coarse product added (Patent 9) has proven to be advantageous for the formation of embers. Due to the different sizes of pieces for processing the intended products, a coarse-shaped emitter appears in the outlet gap, with a fine appearance and few small material parts that are mainly gasified. The dimensions of individual pieces of coarse products are chosen so that the transport of the product in the shaft is smooth.

Žeijavici odvzeti gorilni plin se vodi še preko plasti pepela na tleh visoke peči, kjer pride do naknadne reakcije s preostalim ogljikom (Patentni zahtevek 10).The aspirated combustion gas is passed through the ash layer on the floor of the blast furnace and subsequently reacted with residual carbon (Claim 10).

Smotrno nadaljevanje alternativnega postopka je v tem, da se negorljive sestavine, kot so kovinski delci in so povezani z ostanki iz organskih snovi odvzamejo pretoku surovine po razplinjanju, ostale surovine pa se obdelujejo še naprej. (Patentni zahtevek 11). Tudi tako bodo postopki med uplinjanjem bolje obvladljivi.An alternative continuation of the alternative process is that non-combustible constituents such as metal particles and bound to organic matter residues are stripped of the flow of the raw material after degassing and the remaining raw materials are further processed. (Claim 11). In this way, the processes will be more manageable during the gasification process.

Za izvedbo postopka je ustrezno izumu kot prva rešitev predvidena visoka peč, ki ima v glavi jaška vgrajeno polnilno napravo s pripravo za oddajo toplote, za sušenje in razplinjanje materiala, ki se nahaja v zgornjem delu jaška, kot tudi napravo za oddajo toplote za uplinjanje materiala, ki se nahaja v spodnjem delu jaška. Pri tem je na tleh visoke peči predvidena odprtina za odvzem pepela. Takšna naprava je npr. znana iz DE- PS 26 54 041. V skladu z izumom je ta oprema oblikovana tako oz. značilna po tem (Patentni zahtevek 12), da je v spodnjem delu jaška urejen dovod za dovajanje snovi za uplinjanje razplinjene surovine v takšnem razmaku nad prehodom, ki se nahaja na spodnjem koncu jaška, da snov za uplinjanje doseže razplinjeno surovino na začetku faze uplinjanja in da je komora za uplinjanje s prehodom, zmanjšanega preseka za prehod negorljivih snovi, ostalih po uplinjanju, ločena od naslednjega prostora in, da je neposredno pod prehodom nameščen odvzem gorilnega plina. Prehod je pri tem zaradi prednosti oblikovan kot obroč oz. vzdolžni delilnik (Patentni zahtevek 13).In order to carry out the process according to the invention, a first furnace according to the invention is provided as a first solution having a filling device in the shaft head with a device for heat transfer, drying and degassing of the material located in the upper part of the shaft, as well as a device for heat transfer for gasification of the material. located in the lower part of the shaft. An ash opening is provided on the floor of the blast furnace. Such a device is e.g. known from DE-PS 26 54 041. In accordance with the invention, this equipment is designed in the same manner or in accordance with the invention. characterized in (Claim 12) that a downstream portion of the shaft is provided with an inlet for supplying the gasification material of the degassed raw material at such a distance above the passage located at the lower end of the shaft that the gasification material reaches the degassed feedstock at the beginning of the gasification phase, and that the gasification chamber with the passage, of the reduced cross section for the passage of non-combustible substances remaining after the gasification, is separated from the next space and that a combustion gas extraction is installed directly below the passage. In this case, the passage is shaped like a ring or a ring. longitudinal divider (Claim 13).

Na prednostni način je prehod za snovi za uplinjanje v dovodu nastavljiv (Patentni zahtevek 14) z regulatorjem, krmiljenim v odvisnosti od reakcijske temperature v žerjavici. Žerjavica je podprta s stožčasto odvzemno napravo, ki je v izhodu za pepel visoke peči nameščena na sredino. Odvzemna naprava je vrtljivo uležajena in hlajena, da se prepreči pregrevanje materiala. Na spodnjem robu odvzemne naprave je kot prehod oblikovana odvzemna špranja, katere širina je dimenzionirana v odvisnosti od v žerjavici nastalih kosov surovine in od potrebnega pretoka surovine, širina špranje je določena tako, da čas zadrževanja materiala za uplinjanje v žerjavici zadostuje, da bo surovina pred odvzemom iz žerjavice uplinjena. Stožčasta oblika odvzemne naprave podpira enakomerni transport materiala do odvzemne špranje. Z vrtenjem odvzemne naprave lahko nastavljamo odvzem surovine.In a preferred way, the passage for the gasification materials in the inlet is adjustable (Claim 14) with a controller controlled depending on the reaction temperature in the embers. The embers are supported by a conical extraction device which is centered in the ash exit of the blast furnace ash. The extraction device is rotated and cooled to prevent material from overheating. At the lower edge of the extraction plant, a passage is formed as a passageway, the width of which is dimensioned depending on the pieces of raw material generated in the embers and on the necessary flow of the raw material, the width of the slots is determined such that the residence time of the gasification material in the embers is sufficient to keep gas extraction from the embers. The tapered shape of the collection device supports the uniform transport of material to the collection slot. By rotating the pick-up device, the feedstock can be adjusted.

Za odvzem gorilnega plina, ki je proizveden v visoki peči, je pri odvzemu pepela priključena napeljava za gorilni plin. Plin, ki nastane v plasti sipkega materiala, je tako odvzet neposredno iz žerjavice, ki je nastala v visoki peči. Gorilni plin vsebuje le majhen delež katrana in olja. Po napeljavi za gorilni plin se prednostno pretaka v rekuperativni izmenjevalec toplote, ki služi za pred ogrevanje materiala, ki bo v visoki peči uplinjen (Patentni zahtevek 15).To extract the combustion gas produced in the blast furnace, a combustion gas line is connected to the ash removal. The gas generated in the bulk material layer is thus drawn directly from the embers generated in the blast furnace. Burning gas contains only a small fraction of tar and oil. Following the combustion gas line, it is preferably flowed to a recuperative heat exchanger for preheating the material to be gasified in the blast furnace (Claim 15).

Za hlajenje odvzemne naprave je smotrno uporabiti snovi za uplinjanje, ki pritekajo v sloj sipkega materiala (Patentni zahtevek 16). Smotrno poteka dovajanje snovi za uplinjanje preko odvzemne naprave in se izteka centralno v jašek (Patentni zahtevek 17). Zelo obsežno homogeno reakcijsko cono v visoki peči, ki je potrebna za nastanek gorilnega plina, dosežemo v povezavi s centralnim dovajanjem snovi za uplinjanje. Nastane tako, da je odvzemna špranja oblikovana kot obročna špranja, med spodnjim robom odvzemne naprave in steno visoke peči (Patentni zahtevek 18). Snov za uplinjanje teče skozi reakcijsko cono visoke peči od znotraj navzven.It is advisable to use gasification materials which flow into the bulk material layer to cool the collection device (Claim 16). It is expedient to supply the gasification material via a suction device and flow centrally into the shaft (Claim 17). The very large homogeneous reaction zone in the blast furnace required for the formation of the combustion gas is achieved in conjunction with the central supply of the gasification material. It is formed in such a way that the extraction slit is formed as a ring slit, between the lower edge of the extraction device and the wall of the blast furnace (Claim 18). The gasification material flows through the reaction zone of the blast furnace from the inside out.

Na odvzem uplinjenega materiala skozi stožčasto odvzemno napravo v veliki meri vpliva naklonski kot stožčaste površine. Naklonski kot med osnovno ploskvijo odvzemne naprave in ploskvijo stožca naj ne bi presegal 30°, željen je kot 20° (Patentni zahtevek 19).The removal of gaseous material through a conical extraction device is largely influenced by the slope angle of the conical surface. The slope angle between the base surface of the collection device and the cone surface should not exceed 30 °, it is desired as 20 ° (Claim 19).

Za pospeševanje odvzema produktov so na površini stožca, ki je obrnjena k žerjavici, pritrjena vodilna rebra (Patentni zahtevek 20). Z vrtenjem odvzemne naprave bodo rebra prenašala produkt k odvzemni špranji.To accelerate product withdrawal, guide ribs are attached to the surface of the cone facing the embers (Claim 20). By rotating the pickup device, the ribs will transfer the product to the pickup slot.

Na odvzemni napravi je pritrjena ena ali več lopat, ki segajo do tal visoke peči, ki pri enem vrtljaju odvzemne naprave pepel, nabran pri tleh visoke peči prisilno prenese proti izhodu za pepel (Patentni zahtevek 21). Ponovno razžarjen pepel povzroči s preostankom ogljika ponovno reakcijo iz žerjavice izstopajočega gorilnega plina.One or more blades extending to the floor of the blast furnace are attached to the extraction apparatus, which forcibly transfers the ash accumulated from the blast furnace floors to the ash outlet at one revolution of the extraction apparatus (Claim 21). The re-ignited ash causes a residual carbon reaction to react from the embers of the exiting burning gas.

Po nadaljnji smotrni dodelavi visoke peči doseže sloj sipkega materiala pri zgornjem delu dovajalne odprtine za snov za uplinjanje tako višino, da je zračni upor v sloju sipkega materiala zgoraj pri dovodu večji kot zračni upor v dovodu za snov za uplinjanje (Patentni zahtevek 22). To ima prednost predvsem takrat, če pri snovi za uplinjanje v sloj sipkega materiala z nastalim podtlakom, dovajamo zrak pri odprtini za dovajanje zraka. Zračni upor v sloju sipkega materiala nad dovodom, ki je večji kot zračni upor v sloju sipkega materiala nad odprtino prepreči potem vdor stranskega zraka preko sipkega materiala v reakcijsko cono tudi, če je visoka peč odprta za odvajanje uplinjenega materiala v atmosfero. Regulacijo srednje količine snovi za uplinjanje, ki jo je potrebno dovesti v sipki material, omogoča dovod za snov za uplinjanje v povezavi s temperaturo v žerjavici voden regulator pretoka (Patentni zahtevek 23).After further efficient finishing of the blast furnace, it reaches the bulk material layer at the upper part of the gasification feeder opening so that the air resistance in the bulk material layer above at the inlet is greater than the air resistance in the gasification fluid inlet (Claim 22). This is particularly advantageous when, for the gasification material, air is supplied to the layer of bulk material with the resulting pressure, at the air inlet. The air resistance in the bulk material layer above the inlet, which is greater than the air resistance in the bulk material layer above the orifice, prevents lateral air from entering the bulk material into the reaction zone even if the high furnace is open to discharge the gaseous material into the atmosphere. The regulation of the average amount of gasification material to be fed into the bulk material is facilitated by the supply of the gasification material, in conjunction with the temperature in the embers, to a water flow regulator (Claim 23).

Za rabo visoke peči, za materiale različnih struktur in z različnim obnašanjem pri uplinjanju, je odvzemna naprava v visoki peči prednostno zamenljivo razporejena (Patentni zahtevek 24). Glede na uplinjeni material oz. glede na lastnosti materiala se lahko vstavijo posebne prilegajoče odvzemne naprave. Alternativni postopek je prednostno izveden s pomočjo vgradnje v visoki peči, ki izkazuje napravo za oddajo toplote za uplinjanje materiala, ki je v jašku, pri čemer je na tleh visoke peči predviden izhod za pepel. V smislu izuma je ob napravi z visoko pečjo je predvidena prva komora za predhodno obdelavo odpadkov iz organskih snovi z dovajanjem toplote z onemogočenim dostopom zraka, pri temperaturi do pribl. 5500 C. Pri jašku je še druga komora, ki prav tako služi dovajanju toplote materialu pri višjih temperaturah, kjer je pri zgornjem delu jaška v prostoru za uplinjanje urejen dovod za snovi za uplinjanje, Id jih dodamo uplinjenim produktom in da je jašek iz zraven podrejenega prostora, skozi zožen prehod ločen od negorečih ostankov, ostalih po uplinjanju in da je neposredno pod na spodnjem delu jaška nahajajočim se prehodom nameščen odvzem za gorilni plin (Patentni zahtevek 25). Na spodnjem delu visoke peči je pod dovodom glede na namen predvidena zaporna loputa. Prehod je prednostno oblikovan kot obroč ali vzdolžno delilo (Patentni zahtevek 26).For the use of the blast furnace, for materials of different structures and with different gasification behavior, the blast furnace device is preferably interchangeably arranged (Claim 24). Depending on the gas material or depending on the material properties, special fitting extractors can be inserted. An alternative process is preferably performed by means of a blast furnace installation showing a heat transfer device for gasification of the material contained in the shaft, with an ash outlet being provided on the blast furnace floor. According to the invention, the first furnace for pre-treatment of organic waste by providing heat with no air access at a temperature of up to approx. 550 0 C. In the shaft there is another chamber which also serves to supply heat to the material at higher temperatures, where at the upper part of the shaft in the gasification space there is arranged a supply for the gasification substances, Id is added to the gas products and the shaft is next to subordinate space, through a narrow passage separated from the non-combustible debris remaining after gasification, and that a combustion gas extraction is located directly below the lower passage through the passage (Patent Claim 25). In the lower part of the blast furnace, a shut-off flap is provided below the inlet according to the purpose. The passage is preferably configured as a ring or longitudinal divider (Claim 26).

Smisel smotrne oblike izuma z visoko pečjo je v tem, da so na jašku priključeni kanali za odvajanje plinov, ki obdajajo zunanjo steno prve komore (Patentni zahtevek 27).The purpose of the inventive blast furnace design is that the ducts are connected to the exhaust gas surrounding the outer wall of the first chamber (Claim 27).

Pri obliki opreme visoke peči v smislu izuma se za uplinjanje predvidenim produktom takoj na začetku procesa uplinjanja enakomerno dovajajo predvidene snovi za uplinjanje. S tem je omogočeno doziranje glede na sestavo pri uplinjanju nastalih plinov in trdnih, gorljivih snovi, ki gredo skozi prostor za uplinjanje. Tako je omogočeno s krmiljenjem tekoče prilagajanje vedno spreminjajočim se danostim.In the form of furnace furnace according to the invention, the intended gasification materials are uniformly fed immediately to the gasification of the intended products at the beginning of the gasification process. This allows dosing according to the composition of the gasification of the resulting gases and solids, which pass through the gasification space. In this way, the control enables continuous adjustment to the ever-changing conditions.

Zaradi ločene cone za sušenje in cone za razplinjanje (prva komora) od cone za uplinjanje (druga komora oziroma jašek) se oblikujeta dve temperaturni območji. V sušilni coni in coni razplinjanja vlada temperatura do maksimalno 5000 C in v coni uplinjanja pri pribl.Due to the separation of the drying zone and the degassing zone (first chamber) from the gasification zone (second chamber or shaft), two temperature zones are formed. In the drying zone and degassing zone the temperature is up to a maximum of 500 0 C and in the gasification zone at approx.

800 ° C (po potrebi tudi do 1000 ° C). To pomeni, da naredimo iz materiala, ki je odporen na temperaturo samo cono uplinjanja, za prvo komoro pa uporabimo običajne, vsakodnevne materiale.800 ° C (up to 1000 ° C if necessary). This means that only the gasification zone is made of a material that is resistant to temperature, and that ordinary, everyday materials are used for the first chamber.

Zaradi ločitve sušilne cone in cone razplinjanja od cone uplinjanja se nadalje doseže, da postopke še lažje krmilimo in da na stopnji uplinjanja ustvarimo kvalitetno enakomeren gorilni plin, ki je primeren za zunanjo uporabo. Razen tega bo ustrezno izumu s tem kapaciteta predelave naprave napram kapaciteti do sedaj uporabljenih naprav povečana.Due to the separation of the drying zone and the degassing zone from the gasification zone, it is further achieved that the processes are even easier to control and to create a good, even gas at the gasification stage, suitable for external use. In addition, in accordance with the invention, the processing capacity of the device will be increased in comparison with the capacity of the devices used so far.

Prednostna oblika naprave z visoko pečjo ustrezna izumu je, da za predhodno obdelavo odpadkov s sušenjem in razplinjanjem določena prva komora ki leži nasproti vodoravno nagnjenemu vrtljivemu bobnu, ki je na koncu za polnjenje opremljen s plinotesnim zapornimAn advantageous embodiment of the blast furnace according to the invention is that for pre-treatment of waste by drying and degassing, a first chamber is located opposite the horizontally inclined rotating drum, which is provided with a gas-tight stopper at the filling end.

-7sistemom, drugi konec, jašek, nameščen na zgornjem delu uplinjevalne komore pa je odprt, tako da bo produkt, podvržen toplotni obdelavi, po izstopu prešel iz vrtljivega bobna v jašek peči (Patentni zahtevek 28).-7 systems, the other end and the shaft located on the upper part of the gasification chamber is open so that the product subjected to heat treatment will pass from the rotary drum to the shaft of the furnace upon exit (Claim 28).

Če pri tej izvedbi naprave z visoko pečjo uporabimo visoko peč enake velikosti kot doslej, bo to pomenilo do petkratno izboljšavo predelovalne kapacitete napram visoki peči, pri kateri smo kot prvo rešitev opravili navedene ukrepe. Pri uporabi naprave, izumu ustrezno sestavljene samo iz ene visoke peči, določen presek peči ne sme biti prekoračen, saj zaradi slabe toplotne prevodnosti odpadkov ne uspemo enakomerno dovajati energije, potrebne za sušenje, razplinjanje in uplinjanje. Pri posrednem dovajanju toplote in zaradi debeline sten peči pa tudi pri neposrednem dovajanju toplote se lahko tvorijo reakcijski kanali in je moten dostop do materiala ob steni. Na splošno zato pretok pri uporabi izključno ene visoke peči ne sme presegati 1 t/h, če želimo, da postopek poteka brezhibno.If a blast furnace is used in this type of blast furnace the same size as it used to be, this will result in up to five times improvement in the processing capacity of the blast furnace, in which the above measures were taken as the first solution. When using a device according to the invention suitably composed of only one blast furnace, a certain cross-section of the furnace must not be exceeded, because of the poor thermal conductivity of the waste, the energy required for drying, degassing and gasification cannot be uniformly supplied. In the case of indirect heat supply and due to the thickness of the furnace walls as well as the direct heat supply, reaction channels can be formed and access to the material adjacent to the wall may be interrupted. In general, therefore, when using only one blast furnace, the flow rate should not exceed 1 t / h if the process is to be carried out without fail.

Pri uporabi naprave z visoko pečjo, za izvedbo alternativne rešitve, pride do bistvenega zmanjšanja prostornine v vrtljivem bobnu. Nadaljnja prednost je v tem, da v visoko peč dovajamo pretežno koks, s čemer dosežemo nasutje, ki je napram običajnim smetem dosti bolj propusten za plin tako, da snov za uplinjanje, dodana v enakomerni pretok na vhodu v jašek povzroči enakomerno in popolno uplinjanje.When using a blast furnace to provide an alternative solution, there is a significant reduction in the volume in the rotary drum. A further advantage is that coke is predominantly fed to the blast furnace, resulting in a filling that is much more permeable to gas than conventional waste, so that the gasification material added to the inlet flow at the inlet of the shaft causes even and complete gasification.

V časopisu »Smeti in odpadki« je na straneh 293 - 300 (predvsem primerjaj tabelo 2 in levi stolpec na strani 296) je za pirolizo organskih odpadkov znana uporaba jeklenega vrtljivega bobna. Ta znani vrtljivi boben je ogrevan posredno s toploto izpuha plinskega motoija ali z izstopnimi plini plinskega ali oljnega gorilnika. Na obeh straneh vrtljivega bobna so predvideni plinotesni zaporni sistemi; ki omogočajo kontinuirano dovajanje in neprekinjeno odvzemanje ostankov. Predvidena vgradnja cevi služi ob tem, da dovaja toploto, istočasno tudi za kroženje materiala in za transport materiala. Pri tej znani napravi ni predvideno ločevanje med sušenjem in razplinjanjem ter uplinjanjem. Pridobivanje plina enakomerne sestave in z konstantno energijsko vrednostjo, katerega transport od mesta pridobivanja do oddaljenega potrošnika bi se izplačal, je s pomočjo tega znanega vrtljivega bobna v primerjavi z napravo, ustrezno izumu z visoko pečjo, možen samo v majhnem obsegu.The "Garbage and Waste" newspaper has pages 293 - 300 (especially compare Table 2 and the left column on page 296) for the pyrolysis of organic waste the use of a steel rotary drum is known. This famous rotating drum is indirectly heated by the heat of the gas moto exhaust or by the gas or oil burner exhaust gases. Gas-tight shut-off systems are provided on both sides of the rotating drum; allowing continuous feed and continuous collection of debris. The intended installation of the pipe serves to supply heat, at the same time for the circulation of the material and for the transport of the material. This known apparatus does not provide for separation between drying and degassing and gasification. The production of gas of uniform composition and of constant energy value, the transport of which from the point of production to the distant consumer would pay off, is only possible to a small extent in comparison with the apparatus of the invention according to the invention of the blast furnace.

Da bi po možnosti ohranili enostaven prehod od vrtljivega bobna do visoke peči, je smotrno, napravo z visoko pečjo v skladu z izumom oblikovati tako, da predvidimo med koncem vrtljivega bobna za nadaljnje spuščanje surovine do sušenja in razplinjanja in jaškom vmesno komoro, ki seže preko zgornjega dela jaška in je opremljena z večjim številom plinotesnih zapiral in jo je možno zapirati z zunanje strani.(Patentni zahtevek 29).In order to preserve, as far as possible, an easy transition from the rotary drum to the blast furnace, it is advantageous to design the blast furnace according to the invention in such a way as to provide, between the end of the rotary drum, for the further lowering of the raw material to the drying and degassing and the shaft an intermediate chamber extending over the upper part of the shaft and is provided with a plurality of gas-tight closures and can be closed from the outside (Claim 29).

Da dosežemo, izločanje sestavin, povezanih z organskimi odpadki iz pretoka surovine, ki bo nadaljnje obdelana in, da torej ne bodo nekontrolirano prehajale v cono uplinjanja, je prednostno potrebno napravo z visoko pečjo v skladu z izumom oblikovati nadalje tako, da bo zgornji del jaška popolnoma ali delno pokrit s vibracijskim sitom, in da je na ustju vrtljivega bobna v zgornjem delu jaška na nasprotni strani predviden jašek za odvajanje negorljive surovine, katerega spodnja površina se bo stekala na višini vibracijskega sita, zapirati pa ga bo mogoče s plinotesnim zapiralom (Patentni zahtevek 30).In order to achieve the elimination of the constituents associated with organic waste from the flow of the raw material to be further treated and thus not to pass uncontrollably into the gasification zone, it is preferable to design the blast furnace according to the invention further so that the upper part of the shaft fully or partially covered with a vibrating sieve, and that at the mouth of the rotating drum in the upper part of the shaft on the opposite side there is provided a shaft for the discharge of the non-combustible material, the lower surface of which will flow at the height of the vibrating screen and can be closed with a gas-tight closure (Patent claim 30).

Na slikah so shematsko prikazani trije primeri izvedbe naprave za pridobivanje gorilnega plina iz organskih snovi, ustrezno izumu. Pomen:The figures schematically show three embodiments of an organic gas burner according to the invention. Meaning:

Slika 1 prerez zgradbe naprave za uplinjanje odpadkov iz organskih snovi pri izvedbi prve variante postopkaFigure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of an organic waste gasification plant in the first embodiment of the process

Slika 2 prerez zgradbe nadaljnje naprave za uplinjanje odpadkov iz organskih snovi pri izvedbi prve variante postopkaFigure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a further organic gasification plant for the implementation of the first variant of the process

Slika 3 prerez zgradbe naprave za izvedbo druge variante postopkaFigure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the device to perform the second embodiment of the process

Kot je razvidno iz slike 1, se odpadki iz organskih snovi dovajajo v visoko peč 4 preko polnilnega kanala 1, ki leži na podpornikih 2. V zgornjem delu jaška bodo odpadki segreti na pribl. 550 °.C pri tem bodo posušeni in razplinjeni. V ta namen sta sušilna in razplinjevalna cona ogrevani. To lahko dosežemo neposredno z nastavitvijo gorilnikov, od katerih je na risbi prikazan samo eden ali tako, da preko odvoda 11 odvzet gorilni plin, vodimo po dovodu 3, ki obdaja sušilno in razplinjevalno cono. Razen tega lahko na zgornjem vhodu v visoko peč 4, za neposredno ogrevanje namestimo gorilnik 8. Po potrebi lahko torej uporabimo obe možni varianti ogrevanja istočasno. V sliki 1 je prikazan primer izvedbe priključka prostora za uplinjanje na sušilni prostor in prostor za razplinjanje brez prehoda; od prostora, ki je s spodnje strani priključen na jašek visoke peči 4 je ločen z večjim številom zapiralnih elementov 7. V zgornji del prostora za uplinjanje 6 vodi dovod 5, ki dovaja snov za uplinjanje.As can be seen from Figure 1, the waste from the organic matter is fed into the blast furnace 4 via the filling channel 1, which lies on the supports 2. In the upper part of the shaft, the waste will be heated to approx. 550 ° C will be dried and degassed. To this end, the drying and degassing zones are heated. This can be achieved directly by adjusting the burners, of which only one is shown in the drawing or by removing the combustion gas via the outlet 11, leading through the inlet 3 surrounding the drying and degassing zone. In addition, at the upper entrance of the blast furnace 4, a direct burner 8 can be installed for direct heating. Figure 1 shows an example embodiment of the connection of the gasification room to the drying room and the degassing space without passage; from the space connected from the bottom to the shaft of the blast furnace 4 is separated by a large number of closing elements 7. An inlet 5 is supplied to the upper part of the gasification room 6, which supplies the gasification material.

Kot snov za uplinjanje lahko uporabimo del gorilnega plina, ki je bil odvzet na odvodu 11. Zapiralni elementi 7 imajo napram prostoru za uplinjanje 6 zaprto zgornjo površino in so uležajeni na gredi ali osi, ki s premikanjem pretočnih odprtin, oblikovanih kot vzdolžno delilo sproščajo odvajanje trdnih in plinastih produktov iz prostora za uplinjanje 6 v spodaj ležeči prostor. Pod zapiralne elemente 7 se steka odvod gorilnega plina 11, ki prihaja v prostor pod prostorom za uplinjanje 6, nastaja pa pri uplinjanju. Negorljivi deli, ki prispejo v prostor pod prostor za uplinjanje 6 bodo najprej odloženi na zapiralno loputo 10. Prednost razvrstitve zapiralne lopute je v tem, da je olajšano popolno odvajanje pepela 12, ki nastaja pri uplinjanju odpadkov.As a gasification material, a portion of the combustion gas extracted at the outlet 11 may be used. The closure members 7 have a closed upper surface against the gasification space 6 and are mounted on a shaft or axle which, by moving flow openings formed as a longitudinal divider, release discharge. solid and gaseous products from the gasification space 6 to the lower space. Below the closing elements 7, there is a discharge of the combustion gas 11, which enters the space below the gasification space 6 and is formed by gasification. The non-combustible parts that arrive in the space below the gasification space 6 will first be deposited on the closing flap 10. The advantage of classifying the closing flap is that it facilitates the complete discharge of ash 12 from the gasification of the waste.

Slika 2 kaže visoko peč 4, pri kateri dovajamo organski material, predvsem organske odpadke preko sprejemnika materiala v obliki lijaka. Polž 13 potiska material do vhoda za surovino 14 visoke peči. V notranjosti visoke peči se iz dovedenega materiala tvori sloj sipkega materiala 15. V visoki se bo material zaradi teže pomikal navzdol. V zgornjem predelu visoke peči v coni predgretja A, bo material z rekuperativnim toplotnim izmenjevalcem 16 segret. V tej izvedbi je toplotni izmenjevalec 16 narejen na enostaven način iz dvostenske cevi, ki je omejena na zgornji prazen prostor peči, skozi katerega se kot ogrevalni medij v nasprotni smeri pretoka materiala skozi visoko peč pretaka gorilni plin, proizveden v visoki peči. V predogrevalni coni A bo material, pripravljen za uplinjanje, zaradi toplotne izmenjave z gorilnim plinom, posušen in segret do pribl. 2000 C.Figure 2 shows a blast furnace 4 in which organic material is fed, in particular organic waste, through a funnel-shaped material receiver. The snail 13 pushes the material to the inlet for the blast furnace 14. Inside the blast furnace, a layer of bulk material is formed from the feed material 15. In the blast furnace, the material will move downwards due to gravity. In the upper part of the blast furnace in preheat zone A, the material with the recuperative heat exchanger 16 will be heated. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 16 is conveniently made of a double-walled tube, which is confined to the upper empty space of the furnace through which the combustion gas produced in the blast furnace flows through the furnace as a heating medium in the opposite direction to the material flow. In preheating zone A, the gas-ready material will be dried and heated to approx. 200 0 C.

V visoki peči 4 je od s spodnje strani vrtljivo uležajena naprava za odvajanje 17, ki v spodnjem področju sloja sipkega materiala 15 podpira nastalo žerjavico 18. Naprava za odvajanje 17 je razporejena v jašku centralno in se stožčasto zoži do sloja sipkega materialaIn the blast furnace 4 there is a pivotably discharged discharge device 17 from the bottom, which supports the resulting embers in the lower region of the layer of bulk material 15. The discharge device 17 is arranged centrally in the shaft and tapered to the layer of bulk material.

15. Na spodnjem robu stožca je predvidena kot obročna špranja med robom stožca in steno visoke peči 20, odvzemna špranja 19, katere dolžino določa zrnavost žerjavice 18, kot tudi od zahtevanega pretoka produkta. Za uplinjanje drobnih produktov, npr. riževih lupinic, so se kot dobra dolžina pokazali 3 do 5 mm. Pri uplinjanju drobnozrnatih produktov se doda najmanj 10 % teže grobih produktov. Z izbiro velikosti večjih grobih produktov se v jašku prepreči tvorba mostičkov. V žerjavici 18 nastane zaradi različnih velikosti materiala sitasta struktura, tako da gredo skozi odvzemno špranjo 19 samo dovolj majhni delci materiala, ki so večinoma že razplinjeni.15. At the lower edge of the cone, it is provided as a ring gap between the edge of the cone and the wall of the blast furnace 20, a recessing gap 19 whose length is determined by the granularity of the embers 18, as well as the required product flow. For gasification of fine products, e.g. of rice husks, they showed a good length of 3 to 5 mm. In the gasification of fine-grained products, at least 10% by weight of the coarse products shall be added. Choosing the size of larger coarse products prevents the formation of bridges in the shaft. Due to the different material sizes, the embers 18 are formed by a sieve structure, so that only sufficiently small particles of material, which are mostly degassed, pass through the extraction slot 19.

-1010-1010

Centralno skozi odvzemno napravo 17 je izpeljan dovod 21 za snovi za uplinjanje, ki se steka nad žerjavico 18 v nasutje sipkega materiala 15. Snov za uplinjanje, ki teče skozi odvzemno napravo 17, deluje kot sredstvo za hlajenje in preprečuje pregrevanje materiala. Istočasno se snov za uplinjanje segreje pred vhodom v nasutje sipkega materiala. Prekritje 22 na koncu dovoda 21 prepreči vstop nasutja v dovod. Odvzemna naprava 17 in dovod 21 tvorita eno celoto. Po dovodu 21 bo snov za uplinjanje dovedena v cono nasutja, na sliki označeno z 23. Po toplotni izmenjavi z gorilnim plinom doseže v coni material za uplinjanje temperaturo pribl. 200 ° C. Snov za uplinjanje teče skupaj z vodno paro, ki nastane pri sušenju materiala za uplinjanje, ter z ostalimi plini, ki nastanejo v sloju sipkega materiala v smeri pretoka produktov v reakcijsko cono B, skozi sloj sipkega materiala in kot nastali gorilni plin skozi žerjavico. Odvod gorilnega plina 24 je priključen na odvzem pepela 25 visoke peči. Gorilni plin bo žerjavici odvzet s sesalno napravo, katere izvedba na sliki ni predstavljena. Pretaka se skozi toplotni izmenjevalec 16 in se z oddajanjem toplote ohladi v sloju sipkega materiala.Centrally through the suction device 17 is the inlet 21 for the gasification material which flows over the embers 18 into the bulk of the bulk material 15. The gasification material flowing through the suction device 17 acts as a refrigerant and prevents the material from overheating. At the same time, the gasification material is heated before the inlet of the bulk material is introduced. The overlap 22 at the end of the inlet 21 prevents the inlet from entering the inlet. The withdrawal device 17 and the inlet 21 form a single unit. After inlet 21, the gasification substance will be introduced into the settling zone, indicated in the figure 23. After gas exchange with the combustion gas, the gasification material reaches a temperature of approx. 200 ° C. The gasification material flows together with the water vapor generated by the drying of the gasification material and with the other gases formed in the layer of bulk material in the direction of product flow into reaction zone B, through the layer of bulk material and as the resulting combustible gas. through the embers. The combustion gas outlet 24 is connected to the ash extraction 25 of the blast furnace. The combustion gas will be drawn to the embers by a suction device whose design is not shown. It is passed through a heat exchanger 16 and cooled in the bulk material layer by the heat transfer.

Maksimalna temperatura v žerjavici 18 je prednostno nastavljena na temperaturo med 900 do 1000 0 C. Tipalo temperature 26, nameščeno v nasutju, meri referenčno temperaturo v visoki peči nad žerjavico 18, ki se spreminja analogno reakcijski temperaturi v žerjavici. Tipalo temperature 26 je vpliva na regulator pretoka 27, ki je v izvedenem primeru nameščen v dovod snovi za uplinjanje 21. Pretok v dovodu snovi za uplinjanje 21 se lahko regulira tudi na drug način npr. s spremembo sesalnega pritiska v napeljavi za gorilni plin 24 ali v kombinaciji z regulatorjem pretoka 27 in nastavitvijo podpritiska na odvzemu pepela 25. Ko je želena temperatura v žerjavici prekoračena, bo dovod snovi za uplinjanje zmanjšan, pri nižanju temperature pa bo dotok zraka ali kisika povečan. Temperaturo žerjavice lahko nastavljamo tudi s sestavo snovi za uplinjanje. Z doziranim dodajanjem zraka, kisika, vodne pare ali ogljikovega dioksida dosežemo varno in posledično neposrednemu dovajanju snovi za uplinjanje v sloj nasutja nad žerjavico tudi hitro reagirajočo krmiljenje postopka uplinjanja.The maximum temperature in the embers 18 is preferably set to a temperature between 900 and 1000 0 C. The temperature sensor 26 installed in the furnace measures the reference temperature in the blast furnace above the embers 18, which varies analogously to the reaction temperature in the embers. The temperature sensor 26 influences the flow regulator 27, which in the embodiment is installed in the gas supply of the gasification material 21. The flow in the supply of gasification material 21 may also be regulated in another way, e.g. by changing the suction pressure in the combustion gas line 24 or in combination with the flow regulator 27 and setting the suction pressure to the ash 25. . The temperature of the embers can also be adjusted by the composition of the gasification material. By dosing air, oxygen, water vapor or carbon dioxide, a fast and responsive control of the gasification process is achieved in the safe and consequently direct delivery of the gasification material to the filler layer above the embers.

Odvzemna naprava 17 kaže ploskve stožca 28, ki so pri izvedenem primeru napram osnovni ploskvi stožca nagnjene pod kotom 20 stopinj, v sliki označene z 29. Pri uplinjanju finih produktov se je pokazalo, da poteka pri takšnem naklonu ploskve stožca transport in odvzem produktov iz žerjavice brez neželenega zgoščevanja materiala in da enakomerno poteka na vseh mestih odvzemne špranje. Na ploskvi stožca 28 so pritrjena vodilna rebra 30, ki priThe extraction device 17 shows the cone surfaces 28 which, in the embodiment shown, are inclined at an angle of 20 degrees to the basic cone surface in the figure denoted by 29. In the gasification of the fine products, it is shown that such an inclination of the cone surface transports and removes the products from the embers. free from unwanted thickening of the material and to ensure that the slots are collected evenly in all places. Guide cones 30 are attached to the surface of the cone 28, which at

-1111 obratu odvzemnega stožca produkt v žerjavici potisnejo proti odvzemni špranji 19. V izvedenem primeru je odvzemna naprava s pogonom 31 razporejena postopno.-1111 The product in the crane is pushed against the extraction cone by the rotating cone turn 19. In the embodiment, the extraction device with actuator 31 is arranged gradually.

Skozi odvzemno špranjo 19 pade uplinjeni material na nasutje pepela 32, ki se je oblikovalo na tleh visoke peči pod odvzemno napravo 17. iz žerjavice izstopajoči plin je izpeljan do poreakcije preostalega ogljika nad nasutjem pepela 32 in do izhoda za pepel 25. Na odvzemni napravi 17 pritrjene lopate 33, ki segajo do tal visoke peči, z vrtenjem odvzemne naprave 17 prisilno prenašajo pepel do izstopa pepela 25. Pri visoki peči, ki je do dovajanja materiala z dovajalnim polžem enako oblikovana kot zgoraj opisana visoka peč, je zaradi poenostavljenega dotoka materiala jašek navzgor ostal odprt. Da pa zaradi odprtine na jašku skozi sloj sipkega materiala ne bi dotekal v reakcijsko cono stranski zrak, je višina sloja sipkega materiala v visoki peči določena tako, da je zračni upor v sloju sipkega materiala v zgornjem delu odprtine za dovod snovi za uplinjanje večji od zračnega upora pri dovajanju. Dovajanje je bilo odprto v atmosfero. Kot snov za uplinjanje je bil v sloj sipkega materiala visoke peči doveden zrak.Through the extraction slot 19, the gaseous material falls on the ash deposit 32, which was formed on the floor of the blast furnace under the extraction device 17. The emitted gas is drawn from the embers to the residual carbon above the ash extraction 32 and to the ash exit 25. At the extraction device 17 the attached blades 33 extending to the floor of the blast furnace by forcing the ash to the ash exit 25 by rotating the suction device 17. In the case of a blast furnace, which is shaped in the same way as the blast furnace described above, the shaft furnace, due to the simplified flow of material, provides shafts. up remained open. However, in order to prevent side air from entering the reaction zone due to the opening on the shaft through the bulk material layer, the height of the bulk material layer in the blast furnace is determined such that the air resistance in the bulk material layer in the upper part of the gasification material inlet is greater than air feed resistance. The feed was open to the atmosphere. Air was introduced into the layer of the bulk furnace material as a gasification material.

V visoki peči predpisane vrste s premerom 260 mm in višino 1 m je bila uplinjena zmes riževih lupinic in grobih delcev lesa. Delci lesa so bili veliki največ pribl. 10 mm. Riževim lupinicam je bilo dodanih pribl. 20 % teže delcev lesa. Kot najnižja vrednost se je kot primemo izkazalo 10 % teže. V visoki peči so se vneseni produkti v predogrevalni coni B v toplotni izmenjavi s plinom, proizvedenim v generatorju ogreli do pribl. 200 °C. V sloj sipkega materiala je bil kot snov za uplinjanje doveden zrak. Reakcijska cona B v sloju sipkega materiala je bila dolga pribl. 350 mm. Najvišja temperatura v žerjavici je dosegla 900 do 1000 °C. Odvzemna naprava seje obračala korakoma, s časovnim intervalom pribl. 2 minut pri čemer sta bila v eni uri opravljena pribl. 2 do 3 obtoka. Pri pretoku 12 do 15 kg/h materiala za uplinjanje, smo lahko proizvedli 30 do 40 m3/h gorilnega plina.In a blast furnace of the prescribed type, 260 mm in diameter and 1 m high, a mixture of rice husks and coarse wood particles was gassed. The wood particles were large at most approx. 10 mm. Rice peels were added approx. 20% by weight of wood particles. The lowest value was 10% by weight. In the blast furnace, the introduced products in the pre-heating zone B in the heat exchange with the gas produced in the generator were heated to approx. 200 ° C. Air was introduced into the layer of bulk material as gasification material. Reaction zone B in the bulk material layer was approx. 350 mm. The maximum temperature in the embers reached 900 to 1000 ° C. The withdrawal device was rotated in steps, with a time interval of approx. 2 minutes, taking about one hour to complete. 2 to 3 circulation. At a flow rate of 12 to 15 kg / h of gasification material, we were able to produce 30 to 40 m 3 / h of combustion gas.

Nadaljnja visoka peč premera 400 mm in 1,5 m višine je služila za uplinjanje žagine moke, ki je bila prav tako dovedena v visoko peč pomešana skupaj z delci lesa. Delci lesa so imeli različno velikost tudi do 150 mm dolžine. Reakcijska cona te visoke peči je bila dolga 450 mm, maksimalna temperatura v žerjavici je dosegla 900 do 1000 0 C. Odvzemna naprava je polni obhod korakoma opravila 1 do 2 krat na uro. Taktni čas je znašal pribi. 4 minute. Pri pretoku materiala za uplinjanje 30 do 40 kg/h lahko proizvedemo gorilnega plina pribl. 100 m3 na uro.A further 400 mm high and 1.5 m high kiln was used for gasification of sawmill, which was also mixed into a blast furnace mixed with wood particles. The wood pieces were varied in size up to 150 mm in length. The reaction zone of this blast furnace was 450 mm long and the maximum temperature in the embers reached 900 to 1000 0 C. The extraction device performed the full bypass step 1 to 2 times per hour. Tactical time was nailed. 4 minutes. With the flow of gasification material from 30 to 40 kg / h, a gas burner of approx. 100 m 3 per hour.

-1212-1212

Visoka peč je nadalje uspešno delovala z naslednjimi ostanki:The blast furnace was further successfully operated with the following remnants:

žagina moka, skobeljni ostružki, lupine kakava, koščki drevesne skoije, koščki slame, na majhne kose razkosani hišni odpadki, peleti hišnih odpadkov, alge.sawdust flour, planing shavings, cocoa shells, pieces of tree skai, pieces of straw, small pieces of household waste, household waste pellets, algae.

Gorilni plin v sredstvu, pridobljen v visoki peči je bil sestavljen iz:The combustion gas in the blast furnace product consisted of:

prostom.% CH4,15 prostom.% H2,25 prostom.% CO, 5 proštom .% CO2, prostorn.% N2. Ogrevna vrednost gorilnega plina je bila med 5000 do 6000 kJ / m3.% CH 4 , 15% H 2 , 25% CO, 5% CO 2 ,% N 2 . The heating value of the combustion gas was between 5000 and 6000 kJ / m 3 .

Proces uplinjanja lahko optimalno nastavimo s krmiljenjem dovajanja snovi za uplinjanje in regulacijo odstranjevanja produktov. Za različne materiale lahko prilagodimo oblika stožca in dolžino špranje odvzemne naprave kakor tudi reakcijsko cono. V isti visoki peči lahko prednostno z enostavno zamenjavo odvzemne naprave vnašamo materiale za pridobivanje gorilnega plina različnih struktur in različnega obnašanja pri uplinjanju.The gasification process can be optimally tuned by controlling the delivery of gasification agents and regulating product removal. For different materials, the shape of the cone and the length of the slit of the collection device can be adjusted as well as the reaction zone. Preferably, in the same blast furnace, materials for the production of combustion gas of different structures and different gasification behavior can be introduced by simply removing the extraction device.

V sliki 3 predstavljeni primer izvedbe opreme v visoki peči, ustrezno izumu, dospejo odpadki preko polnilnega kanala 1, ki je nameščen nasproti vodoravno ležečega vrtljivega bobna 34 najprej v vrtljiv boben 34. Polnilni kanal 1 je možno plinotesno zapreti. V vrtljivem bobnu 34 bodo odpadki najprej segreti na pribl. 5500 C pri tem posušeni in razplinjeni. Vrtljivi boben 34 bo v ta namen segret bodisi neposredno z namestitvijo enega ali več gorilnikov 8, od katerih je na sliki prikazan samo eden, ali pa tudi tako, da cevi za odvod plina 11, priključene pod prostorom za uplinjanje 6 v visoki peči 4 pri uplinjanju nastale gorilne pline vodijo tako, da bodo pri svojem prenosu po poti 3 obdajajo vrtljivi boben 34 tako, da tvori zunanja stena vrtljivega bobna istočasno notranjo steno poti 3 odvoda 11. če je smotrno, lahko uporabimo oba načina segrevanja istočasno. Drugi konec vrtljivega bobna 34 je z zgornjim delom visoke peči 4 preko vmesne komore 35 povezan tako, da bo produkt, ki je doveden v vrtljivi boben 34 po sušenju in razplinjanju predan v jašek visoke peči 4. V vrtljivem bobnu 34 posušen in razplinjen produkt se najprej preda naprej v vmesno komoro 35, ki je s pomočjo zapornice 36 in 37 plinotesno zaprta in, ki sega preko zgornjega dela jaška visoke peči 4. Zgornji del visoke peči 4 je pri tem prekrit s stresalnim sitom 38. Prednost je v tem, da s pomočjo stresalnega sita 38 v jašek visoke peči 4 in tako v pretežni del prostora za uplinjanje 6 pridejo samo produkti v obliki plinov in takšni trdni produkti, ki lahko padejo skozi zanke stresalnega sita 38. To je v pretežni meri ostali zogleneli material, ki je nastal pri razplinjanju. Ostali negorljivi odpadni sestavni deli kot npr. kovinski delci, preidejo preko stresalnega sita 38 v jašek 39 pritrjen na vmesno komoro 35, ki ga je možno plinotesno3 illustrates an embodiment of equipment in a blast furnace according to the invention, waste is discharged via a filling channel 1 positioned opposite a horizontally rotating drum 34 first into a rotating drum 34. The filling channel 1 can be closed gas tightly. In rotary drum 34, the waste will first be heated to approx. 550 0 C dried and degassed. To this end, the rotating drum 34 will be heated either directly by installing one or more burners 8, of which only one is shown, or by the gas outlet pipes 11 connected below the gasification space 6 in the blast furnace 4 at The gas produced by the gas is guided in such a way that in its transmission along path 3 they surround the rotating drum 34 so that the outer wall of the rotating drum forms at the same time the inner wall of route 3 of drain 11. If appropriate, both methods of heating can be used simultaneously. The other end of the rotary drum 34 is connected to the upper part of the blast furnace 4 via an intermediate chamber 35 such that the product fed to the rotary drum 34 after drying and degassing is transferred to the shaft of the blast furnace 4. In the rotary drum 34, the dried and degassed product is dried. first, it forwards into the intermediate chamber 35, which is gas-tightly closed by means of a barrier 36 and 37 and extends beyond the upper part of the shaft of the blast furnace 4. The upper part of the blast furnace 4 is thus covered by a shaking screen 38. The advantage is that by means of the shaking sieve 38, only products in the form of gases and such solid products which enter through the loops of the shaker s 38 are to enter the predominant part of the gasification room 6. formed during degassing. Other non-combustible waste components such as metal particles pass through a shaking screen 38 into a shaft 39 fixed to an intermediate chamber 35 which is gas-tight

-1313 zapreti s pomočjo zapornice 37 in ga od tam odstraniti. Dodatki, potrebni za vezavo škodljivih snovi, ki bi se lahko tvorile pri toplotni obdelavi odpadkov v visoki peči, se pri tej obliki izvedbe naprave, ustrezno izumu dodajo skozi zapornico 36, predvideno v vmesni komori 35. Zgornji del visoke peči 4 tvori s pomočjo gorilnika 9 ogrevani prostor za uplinjanje 6, na katerega zgornjem koncu je dovod 5 za dovajanje snovi za uplinjavanje. Prostor za uplinjanje 6 je kot je razvidno iz slike 3, je z zoženjem, izvedenim z obročno režo, ločen od s spodnje strani pritrjenega nadaljnjega prostora. V ta namen sega v jašek visoke peči 4 cevasti del 40 z v jašek segajočim koncem, ki se nadaljuje s stožčastim delom 41. Obročno režo tvorijo baza stožčastega dela 41 in sosednje stene visoke peči. Seveda se lahko takšno zoženje naredi tudi na drugačen način. Cevasti del 40 je lahko vrtljiv okrog vzdolžne osi. V tem primeru je lahko smotrno - kar v sliki ni predstavljeno - namestiti na strani v jašek v notranjost segajoče mešalne roke, s katerimi med kroženjem dosežemo rahljanje surovine za uplinjanje.-1313 closed with lock 37 and removed from there. The additives needed to bind the harmful substances that could be generated by the thermal treatment of waste in a blast furnace are, in this embodiment of the device, added through the lock 36 provided in the intermediate chamber 35 in accordance with the invention. The upper part of the blast furnace 4 is formed by means of a burner. 9 is a heated gasification space 6, at the upper end of which is an inlet 5 for supplying the gasification material. As shown in Fig. 3, the gasification space 6 is separated from the underside of the fixed further space by a narrowing made by a ring slot. To this end, a tubular portion 40 extends into the shaft of the blast furnace 40 with a shaft extending into the shaft, which continues with the conical portion 41. The annular gap is formed by the base of the conical portion 41 and the adjacent walls of the blast furnace. Of course, such narrowing can also be done in a different way. The tubular portion 40 may be rotatable about a longitudinal axis. In this case, it may be advisable - which is not shown in the figure - to be mounted on the side of the shaft inside the extending mixing arms, which during the rotation can be achieved by loosening the raw material for gasification.

Pri uporabi opreme, ki je predstavljena v sliki, lahko ob omenjenih organskih ostankih uporabimo za pridobivanje gorilnega plina tudi npr.: stare gume, ostanke umetnih snovi, ostanke preprog, les iz čiščenja gozdov kakor tudi posebne organske industrijske ostanke. Z uporabo opreme v sliki 3 predstavljenega primera izvedbe, poteka postopek uplinjanja posebno enakomerno in popolno.When using the equipment presented in the figure, in addition to the above mentioned organic residues, we can also use for the production of combustion gas: old tires, plastic residues, carpet residues, forest clearing wood as well as special organic industrial residues. Using the equipment in Figure 3 of the exemplified embodiment, the gasification process is particularly uniform and complete.

Claims (30)

-14PATENTNI ZAHTEVEK-14PATENT APPLICATION 1. Postopek za kontinuirano pridobivanje toplotne energije z gorilnim plinom iz ostankov (organski), pri katerem se ostanki med kontinuiranim pomikom sprva v hermetičnem prostoru pri naraščajoči temperaturi do 5500 C posušijo in razplinijo in nato pri še višji temperaturi uplinijo, pri čemer je značilno, da razplinjenemu produktu pri njegovem uplinjanju, ki poteka pri temperaturi do pribl. 1000 0 C, najkasneje do začetka faze uplinjanja med pomikanjem ustrezne količine uplinjenega produkta dodajamo zrak, paro, ogljikov dioksid, kisik ali njihovo zmes, glede na spremembo sestave surovine.1. A process for the continuous extraction of thermal energy by a residual gas (organic) combustion gas, in which the residues are initially dried and degassed at an increasing temperature up to 550 0 C during continuous displacement and subsequently gasified at a higher temperature, characterized by to degass the product at its gasification, which takes place at a temperature of up to approx. 1000 0 C, at the latest before the start of the gasification phase, air, steam, carbon dioxide, oxygen or a mixture thereof are added while moving the appropriate amount of gas product, depending on the change in composition of the raw material. 2. Postopek za kontinuirano pridobivanje toplotne energije z gorilnim plinom iz ostankov (organskih), pri katerem se ostanki v kontinuiranem pomikanju sprva v hermetičnem prostoru pri naraščajoči temperaturi do 5500 C posušijo in razplinijo in po tem pri višjih temperaturah uplinijo, pri čemer je značilno, da bo sušenje, razplinjanje in uplinjanje odpadnih snovi opravljeno v dveh ločenih stopnjah postopka, pri čemer bodo odpadne snovi v prvi stopnji posušene in razplinjene, in da bo snov, nastala pri razplinjanju uplinjena v drugem koraku, kjer bo snov vodena tako, da je možno pretok snovi med prvo stopnjo in drugo stopnjo postopka zaradi mehanske obdelave snovi, nastale pri razplinjanju, prekiniti in da razplinjeni snovi za njeno uplinjanje, ki se opravi pri pribl, temperaturi 1000 °C med njenim pretokom na začetku uplinjanja dodajamo snovi za uplinjanje, zrak, paro, CO2, O2 ali zmes teh snovi, v količinah, ki ustrezajo spremembam sestave surovine.2. A process for the continuous extraction of thermal energy by a residual (organic) combustion gas, in which the residuals are first continually displaced in an airtight manner at an increasing temperature up to 550 0 C, and then gasified at higher temperatures, typically , that the drying, degassing and gasification of the waste matter will be carried out in two separate steps of the process, leaving the waste material in the first stage dried and degassing, and that the material resulting from the degassing will be gasified in the second step, where the substance will be guided so that it is possible to interrupt the flow of the substance between the first and second stages of the process due to mechanical treatment of the degassing substance, and that the degassing substance for its gasification, which takes place at approx. 1000 ° C, is added to the gasification material at the beginning of the gasification. , steam, CO 2 , O 2 or a mixture of these substances, in quantities corresponding to changes in the composition of the raw material. 3. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, pri čemer je značilno, da snov za uplinjanje produktov dovajamo v smeri pretoka produktov, katere bomo uplinjali, skupaj s plinom, pridobljenim pri sušenju in razplinjanju.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the product gasification agent is fed in the direction of flow of the products to be gasified, together with the gas obtained during drying and degassing. 4. Postopek po zahtevku 3, pri čemer je značilno, da žerjavici, nastali pri uplinjanju dovajamo zrak in/ali kisik in jo uporabimo za razcep izstopnih plinov.The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas-fired embers are supplied with air and / or oxygen and used to split the exhaust gases. -1515-1515 5. Postopek po zahtevkih 1 do 4, ph čemer je značilno, da snovi za uplinjanje dodajamo žerjavici, nastali pri uplinjanju, v odvisnosti od njene temperature.5. The process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gasifying agent is added to the embers formed during the gasification, depending on its temperature. 6. Postopek po zahtevkih od 1 do 5, pri čemer je značilno, da dodajamo snov za uplinjanje produktu za uplinjanje v coni, v kateri ima produkt temperaturo pribl. 200 °C.The process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a gasification substance is added to the gasification product in a zone in which the product has a temperature of approx. 200 ° C. 7. Postopek po zahtevkih od 1 do 6, pri čemer je značilno, da se preko razcepljenega prehoda odvzame gorilni plin, nastal pri uplinjanju, pri čemer ga zadržimo nad špranjo do njegovega uplinjanja.7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flue gas produced during the gasification is withdrawn via a split passage and is retained above the slit until it is gasified. 8. Postopek po zahtevkih od 1 do 7, pri čemer je značilno, da pri rekuperativni izmenjavi toplote nastali gorilni plin uporabimo za predogrevanje produkta, namenjenega uplinjanju.8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the recovered gas exchange is used to preheat the product intended for gasification during the recuperative heat exchange. 9. Postopek po enem izmed zgornjih zahtevkov, pri čemer je značilno, da fino zrnatim produktom za njeno uplinjanje dodamo najmanj 10 % teže grobih produktov.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that at least 10% by weight of the coarse products are added to the fine-grained products for gasification. 10. Postopek po enem izmed zgornjih zahtevkov, pri čemer je značilno, da se gorilni plin, ki izstopa iz žerjavice, nastale pri uplinjanju, odvede v iznos pepela preko plasti pepela, odvzetega žerjavici.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion gas exiting the embers formed during the gasification is discharged into the ash discharge via the ash layer extracted from the embers. 11. Postopek po zahtevku 2, pri čemer je značilno, da se po razplinjanju iz pretoka snovi za nadaljnjo obdelavo iz organskih odpadkov odvzamejo povezane, negorljive sestavine, kot so kovinski delci.The method of claim 2, characterized in that, after degassing from the flow of the substance for further treatment, organic, non-combustible components such as metal particles are removed from the organic waste. 12. Visoka peč za izvedbo postopka po zahtevku 1, ki ima na glavi jaška vgrajeno polnilno napravo in napravo za oddajanje toplote za sušenje in razplinjanje materiala, ki je v zgornjem delu jaška, kot tudi napravo za oddajanje toplote, potrebne za uplinjanje materiala, ki se nahaja v spodnjem delu jaška, kjer je na tleh visoke peči predviden odvzem pepela, pri čemer je značilno, da je v spodnjem delu jaška nameščen dovod (5,21) za dovajanje snovi za uplinjanje12. A blast furnace for carrying out the process of claim 1, having a filling device and a heat transfer device for drying and degassing the material in the upper part of the shaft, as well as a heat transfer device necessary for gasification of the material which is located in the lower part of the shaft, where ash removal is foreseen on the floor of the blast furnace, characterized in that an inlet (5,21) is provided in the lower part for supplying gasification material -1616 razplinjeni snovi v takšni oddaljenosti od prehoda (7, 17) nad spodnjim koncem jaška, da doseže snov za uplinjanje razplinjeni produkt na začetku faze uplinjanja in da je prostor za uplinjanje od naslednjega prostora ločen s po preseku zoženim prehodom za prehod po uplinjanju ostalih, negorljivih ostankov in da je neposredno pod prehodom nameščen odvzem (11) gorilnega plina.-1616 degassed substance at such a distance from the passage (7, 17) above the lower end of the shaft that the gasification product reaches the degassed product at the beginning of the gasification phase and that the gasification space is separated from the next space by the narrowed passage to cross after the gasification of the others , non-combustible residues, and that a gas extraction (11) is located directly below the passage. 13. Visoka peč po zahtevku 12, pri čemer je značilno, da je prehod prednostno oblikovan kot obroč ali vzdolžna rega.13. The blast furnace according to claim 12, characterized in that the passage is preferably shaped as a ring or a longitudinal slit. 14. Visoka peč po zahtevku 13 , pri čemer je značilno, da je pretok za dovod nastavljiv z regulatorjem (27), krmiljenim v odvisnosti od temperature v žerjavici in da je žerjavica (18) oprta na odvzem pepela iz visoke peči, ki je v jašek kot odvzemna naprava (17) centralno nameščen in oblikovan v obliki lijaka in, ki je hlajen in vrtljivo uležajen in na čigar spodnjem robu je predviden izpust.The blast furnace according to claim 13, characterized in that the flow for the inlet is adjustable by a regulator (27) controlled depending on the temperature in the embers and that the embers (18) are supported by the ash removal from the blast furnace in the shaft as a suction device (17) centrally mounted and shaped in the form of a funnel and which is cooled and rotatably restrained and whose lower edge is provided with a discharge. 15. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 12 do 14, pri čemer je značilno, da gorilni plin teče preko napeljave za gorilni plin (11, 24), ki je priključena na rekuperativni toplotni izmenjevalec (3,16), ogrevan s slojem sipkega materiala v jašku.15. The blast furnace according to claim 12 to 14, characterized in that the combustion gas flows through a combustion gas line (11, 24) connected to a recuperative heat exchanger (3,16) heated by a layer of bulk material in the shaft. 16. Visoka peč po zahtevku 14 ali 15, pri čemer je značilno, da je dovod (21) povezan z hladilno napeljavo za odvzemno napravo (17).A blast furnace according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the inlet (21) is connected to a cooling line for the extraction device (17). 17. Visoka peč po zahtevku 16, pri čemer je značilno, da poteka dovajanje (21) snovi za uplinjanje preko odvzemne naprave (17) in se centralno izteka v sloj sipkega materiala (15) v visoki peči (4).17. The blast furnace according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas (21) is fed to the gasification material via the extraction device (17) and flows centrally into the layer of the bulk material (15) in the blast furnace (4). 18. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 17, pri čemer je značilno, da je na spodnjem robu konične odvzemne naprave (17) med robom lijaka in steno jaška (20) oblikovana obročna rega (19).The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 17, characterized in that a ring groove (19) is formed at the lower edge of the conical withdrawal device (17) between the edge of the funnel and the wall of the shaft (20). 19. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 18, pri čemer je značilno, da je konično odvzemna naprava (17) oblikovana z naklonskim kotom ploskev konusa (28) 300 primeren pa je naklonski kot (29) 200.19. The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 18, characterized in that the conical withdrawal device (17) is formed by the slope angle of the surfaces of the cone (28) 30 0 and the slope angle (29) 20 0 is suitable. -17'/7-17 '/ 7 20. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 19, pri čemer je značilno, da je na vrtljivi napravi za odvzem (17) na ploskvi konusa (28) obrnjeni k žerjavici (18) nameščena vodilna rebra (30) za transport snovi za uplinjanje v žerjavici do odvzemne rege (19).20. The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 19, characterized in that the guide ribs (30) for transporting the gasification material into the cone surface (28) face the ember (18) on the cone surface (28). embers to the drawbar (19). 21. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 20, pri čemer je značilno, da je na vrtljivi odvzemni napravi (17) pritrjenih ena ali več lopat (33), ki segajo do tal pri visoki peči (4), za iznos pepela (32), ki se nalaga na tla peči (4)21. The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 20, characterized in that one or more blades (33) extending to the floor of the blast furnace (4) are attached to the rotary extraction device (17) for ash removal (32) ), which is loaded onto the floor of the furnace (4) 22. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 21, pri čemer je značilno, da doseže sloj sipkega materiala (15) nad zgornjim delom dovajalne odprtine (21) za snov za uplinjanje višino, ki je večja od zračnega upora v dovodu (21) snovi za uplinjanje.The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 21, characterized in that the layer of the bulk material (15) above the top of the feed opening (21) for the gasification material reaches a height greater than the air resistance in the substance inlet (21) for gasification. 23. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 22, pri čemer je značilno, da je v dovodu (21) snovi za uplinjanje nameščen regulator pretoka (27), krmiljen v odvisnosti od temperature žeijavice.23. The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 22, characterized in that a flow regulator (27) is controlled in the gas inlet of the gasification substance, controlled depending on the temperature of the thirst. 24. Visoka peč po zahtevku od 14 do 23, pri čemer je značilno, da je odvzemna naprava (17) nameščena v visoki peči (4) tako, da jo je mogoče zamenjati.The blast furnace according to claim 14 to 23, characterized in that the extraction device (17) is arranged in a blast furnace (4) so that it can be replaced. 25. Naprava z visoko pečjo za izvedbo postopka na podlagi zahtevka 2 in 11 z napravo za oddajanje toplote za uplinjanje materiala, ki se nahaja v jašku, pri čemer je na dnu visoke peči predviden odvzem pepela, pri čemer je značilno, da je prva komora (34), namenjena za predobdelavo odpadkov iz organskih snovi z toplotno obdelavo v hermetično zaprtem prostoru, pri temperaturah do pribl.25. A blast furnace for carrying out the process according to claim 2 and 11 with a heat exchanger for gasification of the material contained in the shaft, the ash being provided at the bottom of the blast furnace, characterized in that the first chamber is (34) for the pre-treatment of organic waste by heat treatment in a hermetically sealed room at temperatures up to approx. 550 0 C, kjer je jašku priključena druga komora, ki je namenjena za toplotno obdelavo snovi z visokimi temperaturami, pri čemer je na zgornjem delu jaška v prostoru za uplinjanje (6) odprtina dovoda (5) za dovajanje snovi produktu, ki ga uplinjamo in, da je jašek od naslednjega prostora ločen s po preseku zoženim prehodom za prehod po uplinjanju ostalih, negorljivih ostankov in, da je neposredno pod izpustom (7) nameščen odvzem (11) gorilnega plina.550 0 C, wherein a second chamber is intended to be connected to the shaft for heat treatment of the substance with high temperatures, with the opening of the inlet (5) for supplying the substance to the product to be gasified at the upper part of the shaft in the gasification space (6). , that the shaft is separated from the next space by a narrowed down passage for cross-section after gasification of other, non-combustible residues, and that the extraction (11) of the combustion gas is installed directly below the discharge (7). 26. Oprema po zahtevku 25, pri čemer je značilno, da je prehod oblikovan kot obročna ali vzdolžna rega.26. Equipment according to claim 25, characterized in that the passage is formed as a ring or longitudinal groove. -181S-181S 27. Oprema po zahtevku 25 ali 26, pri čemer je značilno, da so na jašku priključeni kanali za odvod plina (3), ki obdajajo zunanjo steno prve komore.27. Equipment according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the shaft is connected with gas outlets (3) surrounding the outer wall of the first chamber. 28. Oprema po zahtevku od 25 do 27, pri čemer je značilno, da je za predhodno obdelavo odpadkov s sušenjem in razplinjanjem določena prva komora kot napram vodoravno nagnjenem ležečem vrtljivem bobnu (34) na dovajalnem koncu opremljena s ptinotesnim sistemom zapiral (1), katerih drugi konec se izteka v zgornjem delu jaška, ki tvori komoro za uplinjanje (6) tako, da produkt, ki podlega toplotni obdelavi po izstopu iz vrtljivega bobna (34) preide v odprti jašek (4).Equipment according to Claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the first chamber, as opposed to a horizontally inclined rotating drum (34), is provided at the feed end with a bird-tight closure system (1) for pre-treatment of the waste by drying and degassing. the other end of which extends into the upper part of the shaft forming the gasification chamber (6) so that the product subjected to heat treatment after passing from the rotating drum (34) enters the open shaft (4). 29. Oprema po zahtevku 28 za izvedbo postopka po zahtevku 11, pri čemer je značilno, da je med koncem vrtljivega bobna (34) in jaškom (6) predvidena na zgornjem delu jaška prekrivna, z enim ali večjim številom plinotesnih zapiral (36, 37) opremljena vmesna komora (35), ki jo je mogoče zapreti z zunanje strani.29. Equipment according to claim 28 for performing the method of claim 11, characterized in that between the end of the rotary drum (34) and the shaft (6), an overlay is provided on the upper part of the shaft, with one or more gas-tight closures (36, 37 ) equipped with an intermediate chamber (35) which can be closed from the outside. 30. Oprema po zahtevku 28 in 29, pri čemer je značilno, da je zgornji del jaška (4) popolnoma ali delno prekrit s stresalnim sitom (38), da je na ustju vrtljivega bobna (34) na zgornjem delu jaška (4) nasproti ležeči strani predviden jašek (39) s piinotesnim zapiralom (37), katerega spodnja ploskev se steka v višini stresainega sita (38) tako, da se negorljiva snov lahko odstrani.Equipment according to claims 28 and 29, characterized in that the upper part of the shaft (4) is completely or partially covered with a shaking sieve (38), that at the mouth of the rotating drum (34) at the upper part of the shaft (4) opposite provided a shaft (39) with a pyinotope closure (37), the lower surface of which is projected at the height of the stress sieve (38) so that the non-combustible substance can be removed.
SI200200079A 2002-03-21 2002-03-21 Reactor for thermal energy generation from fuel gas from leftovers SI21194A (en)

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