SI20556A - Temperature controller with a user-friendly interface and two-way communication - Google Patents
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Abstract
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Digitalni regulator temperatureDigital temperature controller
Predmet izuma je digitalni regulator temperature v centralnih kurjavah, daljinskih ogrevanjih in klima napravah. Namenjen je uporabi v vseh vrstah objektov od majhne enodružinske hiše do stanovanjskih blokov in javnih objektov.The subject of the invention is a digital temperature controller for central heating, district heating and air conditioning. It is intended for use in all types of facilities from a small single-family home to apartment blocks and public buildings.
Ta izum rešuje štiri tehnične problemeThis invention solves four technical problems
Problem 1.Problem 1.
Digitalni regulator temperature naj bo tako enostaven za uporabo, da ga bo zmogel uspešno uporabljati vsak normalen in pismen človek, torej tudi nestrokovnjak brez predznanja, skratka prijazen do uporabnika.The digital temperature controller should be so easy to use that any normal and literate person, including a non-expert, user-friendly expert, can successfully use it.
Problem 2.Problem 2.
Digitalni regulator temperature naj bo izdelan tako, da niti ob prvi instalaciji kot tudi kasneje pri uporabi ne bo potrebna obširna pisna dokumentacija, navodila itd.The digital temperature controller should be designed in such a way that no extensive written documentation, instructions, etc. are required at the first installation or later when used.
Problem 3.Problem 3.
Digitalni regulator temperature mora omogočati ceneno, enostavno in zanesljivo dvosmerno komunikacijo za vse regulacijske ventile in črpalke, ki jih krmili, prav tako tudi za vse fizikalne veličine, ki jih meri in ostale parametre.The digital temperature controller must allow for cheap, easy and reliable two-way communication for all control valves and pumps it controls, as well as for all physical quantities measured and other parameters.
Problem 4.Problem 4.
Digitalni regulator temperature naj omogoča tudi merjenje porabljene energije, tako da lahko prevzame funkcijo kalorimetra.The digital temperature controller should also be able to measure the energy consumed so that it can assume the function of a calorimeter.
Znane rešitve za navedene probleme so sledeče.The known solutions to these problems are as follows.
Problem 1.Problem 1.
Sodobni digitalni regulatorji imajo vgrajenih mnogo funkcij, programov in shem delovanja. Uporabnik mora vedeti, s katero kombinacijo pritiskov na tipke bo lahko dosegel določeno spremembo. Za to mora preučiti navodilo za uporabo. Problem je v tem, da so navodila z množico podatkov za večino ljudi preveč zapletena in prezahtevna. Pogosto se navodila tudi izgubijo ali delno poškodujejo. Večina regulatorjev ima vsaj štiri do pet tipk, stikal ali gumbov, ter pet do deset različnih simbolov, ki se pojavljajo na zaslonu ali so natisnjeni na ohišju ter opisujejo stanje delovanja in elementov sistema. Pogosto se uporabljajo tudi različne signalne lučke. Tipke in simboli niso standardizirani in enotni. Vsak proizvajalec dela po svoje. Simboli so pogosto podobni kot na drugih aparatih. Vendar pa isti simbol ne pomeni nujno iste stvari. Zmeda je velika. Čim več možnosti nudi regulator, tem manjša postaja verjetnost, da bo rezultat delovanja pozitiven. Namesto večjega prihranka energije se pogosto doseže ravno nasprotno.Modern digital controllers have many features, programs and schematics built in. The user needs to know what combination of keystrokes will be able to make a certain change. In order to do this, it must examine the package leaflet. The problem is that the crowdfunding instructions for most people are too complex and too complex. Often, instructions are also lost or partially damaged. Most controllers have at least four to five keys, switches or buttons, as well as five to ten different symbols that appear on the screen or printed on the chassis, describing the state of operation and system elements. Often different signal lights are also used. The keys and symbols are not standardized and uniform. Each manufacturer works on their own. Symbols are often similar to other devices. However, the same symbol does not necessarily mean the same thing. The confusion is great. The more options the regulator offers, the less likely it is that the operating result will be positive. Instead of greater energy savings, the opposite is often achieved.
Problem 2.Problem 2.
Znani so postopki za instalacijo novih programov na računalnike. Ko v računalnik vstavimo disketo, se samodejno starta instalacijski program, ki zastavi uporabniku vsa potrebna vprašanja. Pri regulatorjih pa ni tako. Vsak regulator ima priloženo pismeno navodilo za vgradnjo in uporabo. Inštalater na podlagi kompliciranega in pogosto dvoumnega navodila izvede montažo in nastavitev parametrov. Problem je v tem, da se navodilo lahko izgubi. Posebno po daljšem času, po več letih obratovanja, je verjetnost izginotja ali delnega uničenja navodil vse večja. Čim bolj zapleten in pameten je regulator, tem manjša je verjetnost, da bo po daljšem času še obvladljiv brez pismenega navodila. Pogosto je lažje nabaviti drug nov regulator kot usposobiti starega.Procedures for installing new programs on computers are known. When a floppy disk is inserted into the computer, an installation program automatically starts asking the user all the necessary questions. This is not the case with regulators. Each controller has a written instruction manual for installation and use. The installer performs assembly and parameter tuning on the basis of complicated and often ambiguous instructions. The problem is that the instruction may be lost. Especially after a long time, after years of operation, the likelihood of the instructions disappearing or partially destroying is increasing. The more complex and clever the controller is, the less likely it will be to manage after a long time without written instructions. It is often easier to get another new regulator than to train an old one.
Problem 3.Problem 3.
Nekateri obstoječi regulatorji omogočajo daljinski nadzor nad položajem odprtja regulacijskih ventilov in delovanja obtočnih črpalk. Vendar pa so zato potrebne dodatne in razmeroma drage naprave.Some existing regulators allow remote control of the position of the control valves and of the circulation pumps. However, additional and relatively expensive devices are needed.
Problem 4.Problem 4.
Za merjenje porabljene energije se uporabljajo kalorimetri, ki se kot samostojne enote vgrajujejo v kotlovnice oziroma toplotne podpostaje.Calorimeters are used to measure the energy consumed, which are installed as separate units in boiler rooms or thermal substations.
Rešitve problemov s tem izumomSolutions to the Problems of the Invention
Rešitev problema 1.Solution to the problem 1.
1.1 Digitalni regulator temperature se samodejno preko zaslona pogovarja z uporabnikom v njegovem pogovornem jeziku. Uporabnik samo odgovarja na vprašanja. Vprašanja pa so zastavljena tako, da ga najkasneje po par odgovorih pripeljejo do rezultata.1.1 The digital temperature controller automatically talks to the user in his or her spoken language via the display. The user only answers the questions. However, the questions are asked in such a way that after a couple of answers they lead him to the result.
1.2 Za rokovanje z regulatorjem zadoščajo štiri tipke. Zraven dveh smernih tipk (naprej, nazaj) še tipki plus in minus. S slednjima spreminjamo vrednost parametra na zaslonu in služita tudi kot pritrdilni in nikalni odgovor na zastavljeno vprašanje.1.2 Four buttons are sufficient to operate the controller. Next to the two cursor keys (forward, backward) are the plus and minus keys. The latter change the parameter value on the screen and also serve as an affirmative and a negative answer to the question asked.
1.3 Uporaba vseh grafičnih simbolov je izključena. Niti na zaslonu, niti na ohišju regulatorja ni nobenih grafičnih simbolov. Uporabljajo se samo črke, številke, ter nekaj standardiziranih znakov (+, -, °C, %, smerne puščice)1.3 The use of all graphic symbols is excluded. There are no graphic symbols on the screen or on the controller housing. Only letters, numbers, and some standard characters are used (+, -, ° C,%, arrows)
Prednost takega načina dela z regulatorjem je v tem, da ga zmore uporabljati vsakdo, ki je pismen, in to brez navodil in brez strokovnega znanja. Slabost je v tem, da je potrebno nekaj več časa, da se odčita določen podatek ali spremeni neka nastavitev. S smernima tipkama je potrebno poiskati ustrezno vprašanje na osnovnem nivoju. Z ustreznim odgovorom se pomaknemo v globino, na zahtevnejši nivo, kjer že lahko spreminjamo določene nastavitve.The advantage of this type of work with the controller is that it can be used by anyone who is literate, without guidance and without expertise. The disadvantage is that it takes a little longer to read a certain piece of information or change a setting. Use the arrow keys to find the appropriate question at the basic level. With the right answer, we move deeper, to a more demanding level, where we can already change certain settings.
Ker je nastavitve potrebno le redko spreminjati, se zdi izguba časa parih minut sprejemljiva. To je cena za bistveno važnejšo lastnost, namreč to, da je regulator res vedno in za vsakogar razumljiv in uporaben. Prednost je tudi v tem, da služi zaslon pilota hkrati kot: sobni termometer, zunanji termometer, ura, koledar itd. Na zaslonu se lahko izpisujejo tudi drugi podatki, na primer poraba energije, stroški za ogrevanje itd...Since the settings rarely need to be changed, losing a few minutes seems acceptable. This is the price for a much more important feature, namely that the regulator is always and always understandable and useful for everyone. The advantage is that it serves the pilot's screen at the same time as: room thermometer, outdoor thermometer, clock, calendar, etc. Other information such as power consumption, heating costs, etc. can also be displayed on the screen ...
Rešitev problema 2.Solution to the problem 2.
Ob prvi nastavitvi digitalni regulator temperature javi strokovnjaku, ki ga je priključil, katera tipala so korektno priključena in kakšno temperaturo zaznavajo. Regulator omogoča strokovnjaku, da vsak pogon na ventilu ročno (s pomočjo tipk + in -) pomakne v želeno smer in s tem preveri pravilnost priključitve. Prav tako regulator omogoča za vsako črpalko oziroma porabnik, da se ročno (s pomočjo tipk + in -) vklopi in izklopi in s tem preveri pravilnost priključitve.When setting up for the first time, the digital temperature controller tells the expert who connected it which sensors are correctly connected and what temperature they are detecting. The controller allows a specialist to manually move each actuator on the valve (using the + and - keys) to the desired direction, thereby verifying the connection. The controller also allows each pump or user to switch on and off manually (with the help of the + and - buttons), thus verifying the correct connection.
Priključne sponke regulatorja so večbarvne. Vsak porabnik ima svojo barvo priključnih sponk, kar še dodatno zmanjšuje možnost napačne priključitve.The regulator terminal terminals are multicolored. Each consumer has its own color of terminal blocks, which further reduces the possibility of incorrect connection.
Rešitev problema 3.Solution to the problem 3.
Komunikacija med regulatorjem in nadzorno enoto poteka dvosmerno. To pomeni, da nam nadzorna enota prikazuje stanje vseh porabnikov in senzorjev, ki so priključeni na regulator, ter ostalih parametrov. S pomočjo nadzorne enote lahko tudi spreminjamo stanja porabnikov in ostalih parametrov. Da ne bi prišlo do napak v komunikaciji, se uporablja komunikacijski protokol z verifikacijo prenesenih podatkov. Nadzorna enota je lahko v isti stavbi ali pa tudi oddaljena več kilometrov. V slednjem primeru se kot medij komunikacije koristi javno telefonsko ali kako drugo omrežje.The communication between the controller and the control unit is two-way. This means that the control unit shows us the status of all consumers and sensors connected to the controller and other parameters. With the help of the control unit we can also change the status of the consumers and other parameters. In order to avoid communication errors, a communication protocol with verification of the transmitted data is used. The control unit can be in the same building or several kilometers away. In the latter case, a public telephone or other network is used as the medium of communication.
3.1 Življenjska doba delovanja črpalk je nekaj desetletij. Največja nevarnost poškodbe črpalke nastane, ko črpalka v sistemu miruje. Črpalka se namreč po daljšem časovnem obdobju mirovanja »zalepi« in se samodejno ne uspe več zagnati. Takšno »lepljenje« povzroči vodni kamen, ki se nalaga na stene mirujoče črpalkine turbine. Da bi to preprečili, digitalni regulator temperature ne dovoli daljšega mirovanja črpalke, temveč jo na določeno časovno obdobje testno vklopi za krajši čas. S tem zagotavlja večjo zanesljivost delovanja črpalke in hkrati korektnost pri komuniciranju z nadzorno enoto.3.1 The lifetime of the pumps is several decades. The greatest risk of damage to the pump occurs when the pump is stationary in the system. Namely, after a long standstill, the pump "sticks" and fails to start automatically. Such "bonding" is caused by calculus, which is deposited on the walls of a stationary pump turbine. To prevent this, the digital temperature controller does not allow the pump to stand idle for a longer period of time, but instead switches it on for a short period of time. This ensures greater reliability of the pump and, at the same time, correct communication with the control unit.
3.2 Stanje pogona regulacijskega ventila je nedvomno ena najvažnejših informacij ogrevalnega sistema. Razni mehanski delci, ki pridejo po cevovodu, lahko preprečijo kvalitetno delovanje regulacijskega ventila in pri tem povzročijo večjo ali manjšo škodo. Zato pogon regulacijskega ventila vsebuje tudi senzor, ki meri trenutni položaj krožnika ventila. Na ta način lahko natančno ugotavljamo in nadziramo položaj regulacijskega ventila ter opozorimo na morebitno napako.3.2 The operating status of the control valve is undoubtedly one of the most important information of the heating system. Various mechanical particles coming down the pipeline can prevent the quality of operation of the control valve and thus cause more or less damage. Therefore, the actuator of the control valve also contains a sensor that measures the current position of the valve plate. In this way, the position of the control valve can be accurately identified and monitored and a possible defect noted.
Rešitev problema 4.Solution to the problem 4.
Kalorimetri, namenjeni za merjenje energije, so nujno potrebni predvsem pri daljinskih ogrevanjih. Brez njih namreč ni mogoče natančno določiti količine porabljene energije določenega porabnika. Kalorimeter potrebuje za svoje delovanje informacije o določenih temperaturah in pretoku v sistemu. Digitalni regulator temperature za svoje delovanje prav tako potrebuje te informacije in ker vsebuje tudi trajen spomin (EEPROM), lahko regulator opravlja funkcijo kalorimetra. Združeni funkciji kalorimetra in regulatorja v skupnem ohišju bi zagotovo prispevali k kompaktnosti izvedbe toplotnih podpostaj.Calorimeters intended for energy measurement are essential for district heating, in particular. Without them, it is not possible to determine precisely the amount of energy consumed by a particular consumer. The calorimeter needs information about specific temperatures and flow in the system for its operation. The digital temperature controller also needs this information for its operation, and since it also contains permanent memory (EEPROM), the controller can perform the function of a calorimeter. The combined functions of the calorimeter and the controller in the common housing would certainly contribute to the compactness of the thermal sub-installation.
Opis konstrukcijske rešitveDescription of the design solution
Slika 1Figure 1
Digitalni regulator temperature sestavljata dva dela, baza (1) in pilot (2). Baza ima lahko sledeče priključke: priključek za dvosmerno komunikacijo s centralo (3) po žici, priključek za dvosmerno komunikacijo s centralo po radijski zvezi (4), priključek za dvosmerno komunikacijo z prenosnim računalnikom (5), priključek za dvosmerno komunikacijo s pilotom, priključke za temperaturna tipala (6), priključke za obtočne črpalke (7), priključke za motorne pogone regulacijskih ventilov (8), priključek za enosmerno komunikacijo s kalorimetrom (9) in priključek za električno napajanje (10). V bazi regulatorja so vgrajeni elementi, potrebni za regulacijo, komunikacijo in shranjevanje podatkov. V pilotu je vgrajeno tipalo sobne temperature, tipke (11) in zaslon (12), na katerem se izpisuje tekst. Kadar je pilot vgrajen poleg regulatorja v hišni postaji, mora biti sobno tipalo izklopljeno.The digital temperature controller consists of two parts, the base (1) and the pilot (2). The base may have the following connectors: two-way communication terminal with control panel (3) by wire, two-way communication control panel with radio (4), two-way communication communication with laptop (5), two-way pilot communication connector, connectors for temperature sensors (6), circulation pump connections (7), motor actuators for control valves (8), connection for one-way communication with the calorimeter (9) and power supply connector (10). The controller database contains the elements necessary for regulation, communication and storage of data. The pilot has a room temperature sensor, buttons (11) and a screen (12) on which the text is displayed. When the pilot is installed next to the controller in the home station, the room sensor must be switched off.
Digitalni regulator temperature je izdelan tako, da je popolnoma in povsod izključena uporaba kakršnih koli simbolov, razen številk, črk in nekaterih standardnih znakov. To pravilo velja za tekste na zaslonu in za napise na ohišju.The digital temperature controller is designed in such a way that the use of any symbols except numbers, letters and some standard characters is completely and everywhere excluded. This rule applies to on-screen texts and housing inscriptions.
Vgradnja digitalnega regulatorja temperature, ki jo izvaja instalater-strokovnjak, poteka takole. S pomočjo slike, ki se nahaja med konektorji in popolnoma nedvoumno prikazuje način priključitve senzorjev in porabnikov, inštalater izvede ožičenje regulatorja. Konektorji s svojo raznobarvnostjo nakazujejo in vodijo inštalaterja ter dodatno preprečujejo možnost napake ožičenja. Modul regulatorja nato potisne v ožičeno podnožje in vklopi mrežno napajanje. Na zaslonu bo regulator izpisal, kateri senzorji so priključeni in kakšno temperaturo zaznavajo. Prav tako bo inštalater lahko ročno preveril delovanje vseh porabnikov in se tako prepričal o pravilnem ožičenju le-teh. Zraven tega je inštalaterjem namenjenih še nekaj vprašanj, ki se pojavijo na zaslonu. To so vprašanja, ki zadevajo inštalacijo in nastavitve zahtevnih parametrov. Inštalater ne potrebuje dodatnega pisnega navodila, da bi izvedel inštalacijo. Vsa navodila so shranjena v spominu v več jezikih. Med inštalacijo se lahko spremeni jezik komunikacije.Installation of a digital temperature controller by an expert installer is as follows. With the help of an image located between the connectors and clearly showing how the sensors and consumers are connected, the installer executes the controller wiring. The connectors with their variety indicate and guide the installer and additionally prevent the possibility of wiring failure. The controller module then pushes it into the wired base and turns on the power supply. The display will indicate which sensors are connected and what temperature they are detecting. Also, the installer will be able to manually check the functioning of all consumers and to make sure that they are properly wired. In addition, installers are asked some more questions that appear on the screen. These are questions that concern the installation and setting of the required parameters. The installer does not need additional written instructions to complete the installation. All instructions are stored in memory in several languages. The language of communication may change during installation.
Da bi bila za navadnega uporabnika uporaba regulatorja čim enostavnejša, so v prvem nivoju vprašanj na zaslonu tiste zadeve, ki jih uporabnik največ potrebuje. V drugem nivoju tiste, ki jih redkeje potrebuje. V tretjem nivoju pa so zadeve, do katerih navaden uporabnik nima dostopa, da ne bi ogrozil kakovosti regulacije. Nevarna vprašanja so zaščitena s posebno kodo.In order to make the use of the controller as simple as possible for the average user, the first level of questions on the screen are those matters that the user most needs. In the second level, those who are less often in need. In the third level, there are matters that the ordinary user does not have access to in order not to jeopardize the quality of regulation. Dangerous issues are protected by a special code.
Regulator vsebuje oseben program, ki ne dovoljuje, da bi črpalke dalj časa mirovale. S tem se zagotavlja maksimalna življenjska doba delovanja obtočnih črpalk. Položaj regulacijskega ventila se meri s pomočjo senzorja, ki je vgrajen v pogon ventila. S tem se zagotavlja natančen nadzor položaja regulacijskega ventila. Funkcija kalorimetra, integrirana v regulator, ne zahteva dodatnih posegov v sistem. Rešitev je izpeljana programsko na osnovi izračuna, čigar parametri so določene temperature in pretok.The controller contains a personal program that does not allow the pumps to stand idle for a long time. This ensures maximum life of the circulation pumps. The position of the control valve is measured using a sensor integrated into the valve actuator. This ensures precise control of the position of the control valve. The calorimeter function integrated into the controller does not require any additional interference with the system. The solution is derived programmatically on the basis of a calculation whose parameters are certain temperatures and flow.
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2000
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