SI20489A

SI20489A - Device for testing the strength or spherical bulging of textiles

Info

Publication number: SI20489A
Application number: SI200000329A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Dragica Kisilak
Original assignee: Doc. Dr. Kisilak Dragica
Priority date: 2000-12-27
Filing date: 2000-12-27
Publication date: 2001-08-31

Abstract

Subject of the invention is a device for testing the strength or spherical bulging of textiles, which allows reliable modelling of strain which clothes are exposed to, and based on such results, the selection of the most appropriate kind of material for ready-made clothes regarding the elimination of permanent deformation resulting in bulging of individual parts of clothes is provided. The device for testing the strength or spherical bulging of textiles according to the invention eliminates the described deficiencies of existing solutions by providing in the first application type a clamping assembly (12) of circular design, point suspended on tension springs (10), while the other application type features a device in the form of a circular adapter (23), which strains a circular clamped test sample (P) of the textile, and is located between parts (A, A') of a dynamometer, which is connected to a computer for data collection and processing.

Description

Predmet izuma je naprava za preizkušanje trdnosti oziroma sferne izbočenosti tekstilij, ki omogoča verno posnemanje obremenitve oblačil pri nošenju in na osnovi rezultatov izbor najprimernejših materialov za posamezne konfekcijske artikle v smislu eliminiranja trajnih deformacij v is obliki izbočenj posameznih delov oblačil. Izum sodi v razred G01 N 33/36 mednarodne patentne klasifikacije.The subject of the invention is a device for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles, which allows to faithfully mimic the load of clothing when wearing and on the basis of the results the selection of the most suitable materials for particular ready-made items in terms of eliminating permanent deformation in the form of protrusions of individual parts of clothing. The invention belongs to class G01 N 33/36 of the international patent classification.

Tehnični problem, ki ga predloženi izum uspešno rešuje je izvedba naprave za preizkušanje trdnosti in sferne izbočenosti tekstilij, ki bo omogočala večkratno mehansko izbočilno deformiranje tekstilnega blagaA technical problem that the present invention successfully solves is the implementation of a device for testing the strength and spherical protrusion of textiles, which will allow multiple mechanical protrusion of textile fabrics

2o bodisi cevasto oblikovanega preizkušanca (kot imitacije rokava oz. hlačnice) ali vzorca tkanine, pri čemer bo zagotovljena verna simulacija nošenja oblačil in njihove deformacije na določenih mestih. Nadalje je tehnični problem razširjen tudi na izdelavo takšne naprave za preizkušanje, pri kateri bo možno s pomočjo računalniško vodenega preizkusa tudi takojšnja obdelava in vrednotenje rezultatov.2o either a tubular shaped test piece (as an imitation sleeve or trouser) or a fabric sample, ensuring a faithful simulation of the wearing of clothing and their deformation in specific places. Furthermore, the technical problem is extended to the manufacture of such a testing device, which will allow the immediate processing and evaluation of the results by means of a computer-controlled test.

Obstajajo različne metode za preizkus trdnosti oziroma sferne izbočenosti tekstilij. S pojmom trdnost razumemo odpor tkanin proti deformacijam, ki jih povzroča zunanja obremenitev. Ker so pri nošenju oblačil pogoji obremenjevanja tkanin različni, uporabljamo tudi različne metode za laboratorijsko simulacijo mehanizmov deformacije tkanine, pletenine ali netkane tekstilije. Najpogosteje metode, ki jih uporabljamo so metoda merjenja natezne trdnosti, metoda nadaljnjega trganja in metode merjenja razpočne trdnosti. Nekatere izmed naprav, ki omogočajo izvedbo teh metod, so opisane tudi v patentnih dokumentih WO 00/73786, EP 0 880 028, WO 99/40425, EP 0 899 555, EP 0 942 282 in EP 0 924 518. Vse te metode rešujejo zastavljen tehnični problem le delno, saj v osnovi ne simulirajo realne situacije obremenjevanja tekstilij.There are various methods for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles. The term strength means the resistance of fabrics to deformation caused by external stress. Since the conditions of loading of the fabrics are different when wearing the garments, we also use different methods for the laboratory simulation of the mechanisms of deformation of the fabric, knitwear or nonwovens. The most commonly used methods are the tensile strength measurement method, the further tearing method, and the crack strength measurement method. Some of the devices enabling these methods to be implemented are also described in patent documents WO 00/73786, EP 0 880 028, WO 99/40425, EP 0 899 555, EP 0 942 282 and EP 0 924 518. All of these methods are solved by the technical problem posed is only partly because they do not basically simulate the real situation of textile loading.

Naprava in pogoji za preizkus deformacij tekstilnih oblačil so tudi podani v DIN 53.860 (februar 1981), kjer je v 6. poglavju opisana naprava za izbočilno deformiranje tekstilnega cevastega preizkušanca, ki jo sestavlja osnovo stojalo, na katerem je zavihtljivo obešena imitirana roka, na katero je (kot pri pravi roki) možno natakniti tekstilni preizkušanec. Pri tem je na zgornjem, prostem koncu dela, ki imitira nadlaket, razporejena krožna plošča, katere premer presega premer nadlaktnega dela, in na robu te plošče je prosto viseče obešenih četvero medsebojno enakih nateznih vzmeti, na katerih prostih koncih je razporejeno po eno držalo za preizkušanec.The apparatus and conditions for testing the deformation of textile garments are also given in DIN 53.860 (February 1981), which describes, in Chapter 6, a device for protruding deformation of a textile tubular test piece, consisting of a base stand, on which the imitated arm is pivotally hung, on which it is possible (as with the right hand) to attach a textile test piece. There is a circular plate at the upper, free end of the upper arm imitating part, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the upper arm, and at the edge of the plate there are four suspended tensile springs freely suspended from each other, at which free ends are arranged at each free end. test subject.

Držala za preizkušanec so po svojem konstrukcijskem bistvu lahko točkovne narave. V primeru, ko blago zaradi svoje narave ne dopušča 5 točkastega vpenjanja lahko uporabimo tudi pomožni obroč, s katerim pritrdimo ustje preizkušanca.Test specimen holders may be of a point nature in their construction. In case the goods do not allow 5 point clamping due to their nature, an auxiliary ring can also be used to secure the mouth of the subject.

Točkovno vpenjanje preizkušanca ni povsem primerno predvsem zaradi tega, ker ne imitira dejanskega, torej zveznega prišitja npr. rokava, na drugi strani pa praksa kaže, da se pri večkratnem, s tehnologijo 10 preizkušanja pogojenem točkovnem vpenjanju preizkušanca vedno na ista mesta preizkušanca deformacije okolice vpetij postopoma širijo v območje ciljnega deformiranja in pačijo meritve.The clamping of the test subject is not entirely appropriate because it does not mimic the actual, ie, the federal sewing, e.g. sleeve, on the other hand, shows that, with multiple test-conditioned, point-by-point clamping of 10, the subject always deforms to the same places of the deformation tester the surrounding region of the abutments gradually expanding into the target deformation zone and messing up the measurements.

Naprava za preizkušanje trdnosti oziroma sferne izbočenosti tekstilij po izumu odpravlja opisane pomanjkljivosti znane rešitve s tem, da je v prvem izvedbenem primeru predviden in na natezne vzmeti točkasto obešen ter v obliki obroča zasnovan vpenjalni sklop, medtem ko je v drugem izvedbenem primeru predstavljena naprava v obliki kroglasto oblikovanega nastavka, ki obremenjuje krožno vpet preizkušanj vzorec tekstilije in je nameščena na dinamometer, ki je povezan z računalnikom za zajemanje in obdelavo podatkov.The device for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles according to the invention eliminates the disadvantages of the known solution by the fact that in the first embodiment is provided with a point-mounted suspension and tensile springs and a ring-shaped assembly in the second embodiment, while in the second embodiment the device is presented in the form ball-shaped nozzle, which loads the circular test of the textile sample and is mounted on a dynamometer connected to a computer for data acquisition and processing.

Izum bomo v nadaljevanju podrobneje obrazložili na osnovi izvedbenih primerov in slik, od katerih kaže:The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of embodiments and figures, of which:

slika 1 napravo po izumu in prvem izvedbenem primeru v pogledu s strani;Figure 1 shows the device according to the invention and the first embodiment in side view;

slika 2 naprava s slike 1 v pogledu od spredaj;Figure 2 is a front view device of Figure 1;

slika 3 vpenjalni sklop pri napravi po izumu in prvem izvedbenem primeru;Figure 3 shows the clamping assembly of the device according to the invention and the first embodiment;

slika 4 napravo po izumu in drugem izvedbenem primeru v pogledu s strani in delnem prerezu.Fig. 4 shows a device according to the invention and another embodiment in side view and partial cross-section.

Na sliki 1 je predstavljena naprava po izumu in prvem izvedbenem io primeru v pogledu s strani. Naprava ima v konkretnem izvedbenem primeru tri preizkuševalna mesta, kar pa ne omejuje pričujočega izuma, saj je število teh mest glede na potrebe lahko različno. Vsa preizkuševalna mesta imajo skupno stojalo 1 in skupni drog 8, ki omogoča rokovanje z vsemi preizkuševalnimi mesti hkrati ob uporabi enega samega podložnega stebra 2, stebra 4 pa sta povezana med seboj z drogom 5.Figure 1 shows the device according to the invention and the first embodiment and in the side view. The device has, in the specific embodiment, three test sites, which does not limit the present invention, since the number of these sites may vary depending on the need. All test sites have a common stand 1 and a common pole 8, which makes it possible to handle all the test sites simultaneously using a single washer column 2, and the columns 4 are connected to each other by a pole 5.

Stojalo 1 obsega na temeljno ploščo 3 pritrjena stebra 4, katerih zgornja konca sta povezana z drogom 5, na katerem so prosto vrtljivo obešene preizkuševalna mesta. Posamezno preizkuševalno mesto sestavljata nadlaktni del 6 in podlaktni del 7, ki sta medsebojno zgibno povezana v smislu simuliranja komolčnega sklepa roke. Križno na vse podlaktne dele 7 preizkuševalnih mest je vtakljivo/izvlačljivo nameščen drog 8, ki omogoča rokovanje z vsemi tremi agregati naprave hkrati ob uporabi enega samega podložnega stebra 2.The stand 1 comprises columns 4 fixed to the base plate 3, the upper ends of which are connected by a pole 5, on which the test positions are freely rotated. The individual test site consists of the upper arm part 6 and the upper arm part 7, which are jointly connected in terms of simulating the elbow joint of the arm. Crosswise on all the forearm portions 7 of the test sites is a retractable / removable rod 8 that allows handling of all three units of the device simultaneously using a single washer column 2.

Nadlaktni del 6 je v območju nad drogom 5 opremljen z obodnim vencem 9, na katerega so obešene natezne vzmeti 10. Na prosti konec 5 nateznih vzmeti 10 je s pomočjo očes 11, katerih višinsko lego je mogoče nastaviti, obešen vpenjalni sklop 12 vijačnega dela 13 in matice 14. Pri tem sta vijačni del 13 in nadlaktni del 6 dimenzionirana tako, da je med njima ohlapen drsni prileg.The upper arm 6 is provided with a circumferential ring 9 in the area above the pole 5, to which the tensile springs 10 are suspended. At the free end 5 of the tensile springs 10, the clamping assembly 12 of the screw portion 13 is suspended by means of eyes 11 whose height position can be adjusted. and nuts 14. In this case, the screw portion 13 and the upper arm portion 6 are dimensioned such that there is a sliding fit between them.

Vpenjalni sklop 12 po izumu obsega cevast vijačni del 13 in matico 14 , io pri čemer vijačni del 13 obsega v bistvu tri odseke: obešalni odsek 15, vijačni odsek 16 in tulčast odsek 17. Z obešalnim odsekom 15 je vijačni del 13 obešen na vzmeti 10. Ta odsek je prirejen za oprijem z roko laboranta. Imenski premer vijačnega odseka 16 je manjši od zunanjega premera obešalnega odseka 15, medtem ko je zunanji premer tulčastega is odseka 17 manjši od imenskega premera vijačnega odseka 16, ki služi za navlečenje preizkušanca. Matica 14 je sestavljena v bistvu iz dveh odsekov in sicer iz matičnega odseka, ki je prirejen vijačnemu odseku vijačnega dela, in obročastega prižemnega odseka, ki je prirejen za sodelovanje s tulčastim odsekom 17 vijačnega dela 13.The clamping assembly 12 of the invention comprises a tubular screw portion 13 and a nut 14, io wherein the screw portion 13 consists essentially of three sections: a hanging section 15, a screw section 16 and a sleeve section 17. With the hanging section 15, the screw section 13 is suspended on springs 10 .This section is adapted for grip by the hand of a laboratory assistant. The nominal diameter of the screw section 16 is smaller than the outer diameter of the suspension section 15, while the outer diameter of the coil and section 17 is smaller than the nominal diameter of the screw section 16, which is used to pull the test piece. The nut 14 consists essentially of two sections, namely, the stem section adapted to the screw section of the screw portion and the annular press section adapted to cooperate with the annular section 17 of the screw portion 13.

Vijačni del 13 obsega obešalni odsek 15, vijačni odsek 16 in tulčast odsek 17, katerih zunanji oz. imenski premeri se stopnjema zmanjšujejo v istem zaporedju. Pri tem je obešalni odsek 15 smotrno enakega premera kot okrogla matica 14, ki razen matičnega odseka 18 kot takega za sodelovanje z vijačnim odsekom 16 obsega še prižemni odsek 19 za sodelovanje s čelnim koncem tulčastega odseka 17 vijačnega dela 13. V danem primeru je slednje omenjeno sodelovanje zasnovano na paritvi poševnin 20, 21 obeh odsekov.The screw portion 13 comprises a suspension section 15, a screw section 16, and a sleeve section 17, the outer or outer sections of which are, respectively. the nominal diameters decrease in degrees in the same order. In this case, the suspension section 15 is substantially the same diameter as the round nut 14, which, in addition to the parent section 18 as such for cooperation with the screw section 16, comprises a clamping section 19 for engagement with the front end of the coil section 17 of the screw portion 13. In the present case, the latter is mentioned. collaboration based on slant mating 20, 21 of both sections.

Pred izvedbo testnega preizkusa tekstilnega cevastega vzorca na deformiranje z izbočenjem odvijemo matico 14 in jo snamemo s preizkuševalnega mesta. Zatem nataknemo preizkušanj vzorec P tekstilije preko podlaktnega dela 7 in nadlaktnega dela 6 na tulčasti odsek 17 vijačnega dela 13 in čez preizkušanj vzorec P tekstilije vodimo matico 14 io do vijačnega dela 13. Ko matico 14 zategnemo na vijačnem delu 13, je preizkušanj vzorec P tekstilije zvezno vpet v vpenjalnem sklopu 12 in prosto visi na improvizirani roki. Ko so vsa preizkuševalna mesta opremljena s preizkušanimi vzorci P tekstilij, vtaknemo skozi podlaktne dele 7 vezni drog 8 in jih s tem povežemo v gibalno homogeno celoto, is Tedaj z eno roko primemo za prosti konec podlaktnega dela 7 srednjega agregata, preko njega in veznega droga 8 zavihtimo vse podlaktne dele 7 v vodoraven položaj in jih hkrati potisnemo od sebe, tako da nadlaktni deli 6 proti navpičnici zavzamejo nagnjen položaj pod kotom, ki po industrijskem standardu znaša 10°. V takem položaju osrednji podlaktni del 7 podložimo s podložnim stebrom 2, kar se ujema z navodili za preizkušanje po standardu.Before carrying out the test test of the textile tubular specimen, the nut 14 is unscrewed by a protrusion and removed from the test site. Then, test the textile P test piece over the forearm part 7 and upper arm 6 on the sleeve section 17 of the screw part 13 and, through the textile test pattern, run the nut 14 io to the screw part 13. When the nut 14 is tightened on the screw part 13, the test piece is textile P clamped in the clamping assembly 12 and hangs freely on the makeshift arm. When all the test sites are equipped with the tested P textile textiles, we insert the connecting rod 8 through the forearm parts 7 and thereby connect them to a moving homogeneous unit. 8, rotate all the forearm portions 7 horizontally and push them apart, so that the forearm portions 6 take an inclined angle of 10 ° to the vertical according to the industry standard. In such a position, the central forearm part 7 is lined with a support column 2, which is in accordance with the test instructions according to the standard.

S predloženo pritrditvijo preizkušanega vzorca P tekstilije je omogočena realnejša simulacija pogojev nošenja oblačil, ponovljive serije meritev omogočajo ugotovitev vrednosti sile, pri kateri se pojavi izbočenje.By affixing the tested sample P of the textile, a more realistic simulation of the conditions of wearing of the clothing is made possible, and the repeatable series of measurements make it possible to determine the value of the force at which the protrusion occurs.

S predloženo izvedbo naprave pa vseeno ni možno ponoviti 5 obremenitve na točno določenem mestu, ker je preizkušanec, ki drsi po umetnem sklepu, na enem koncu prost in se pri vsakem gibu lahko malenkostno prestavi. Izmerjeni rezultati, ki so nastali pri različnih obremenitvah na drugem paralelnem preizkuševalnem mestu niso enostavno primerljivi, naprava pa tudi ne omogoča avtomatskega zajema podatkov in s tem takojšnje računalniške obdelave podatkov.However, with the proposed embodiment of the device, it is not possible to repeat 5 loads in a specific place, because the test piece, which slides along the artificial joint, is free at one end and can be slightly shifted at each movement. The measured results obtained at different loads at another parallel test site are not easily comparable, and the device does not automatically allow data to be captured and thus immediate computerized data processing.

Na sliki 4 je prikazana naprava za preizkušanje trdnosti oziroma sferne izbočenosti tekstilij po izumu po drugem izvedbenem primeru v pogledu s strani in delnem prerezu. Tako oblikovana naprava omogoča preizkus izbočljivosti oziroma sferne raztegljivosti tekstilij in možnost točne is ponovljivosti večih preizkušancev in s pomočjo računalniško vodenega preizkusa tudi precizno merjenje rezultatov in takojšnjo obdelavo le-teh.Figure 4 shows a device for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles according to the invention according to another embodiment in side view and partial cross-section. The device thus designed enables the testing of the protuberance or spherical elasticity of textiles, as well as the possibility of accurate and repeated reproduction of several subjects, and with the help of a computer-controlled test also the accurate measurement of results and their immediate processing.

Napravo po drugem izvedbenem primeru predstavlja kroglasto oblikovan nastavek 22, ki je vpet v zgornji del A dinamometra in deluje na preizkušanj vzorec P tekstilije, ki je krožno vpet med prižemo 23 in matricoThe apparatus of the second embodiment is a ball-shaped nozzle 22, which is clamped to the upper part of the dynamometer and tests the textile P pattern, which is circularly clamped between the clamp 23 and the die

24. Matrica 24 je vpeta v spodnji del A' dinamometra. Preizkušanj vzorec24. The matrix 24 is clamped to the lower part A 'of the dynamometer. Testing pattern

P tekstilije je vložen med obroča 25,25', ki imata zaradi boljšega oprijema izmenično izvedena utor in grbino.The textile is inserted between the rings 25,25 ', which have alternate grooves and crests for better grip.

Kroglasto oblikovan nastavek 22 pritiska na vzorec P tekstilije in tako simulira napenjanje vzorca pri pregibanju kolena ali komolca. Zaradi čimboljšemu približevanju pogojem nošenja tekstilije v praksi, je velikost kroglasto oblikovanega nastavka prilagojena velikosti komolca oziroma kolena, površina krožno vpetega preizkušenega vzorca P tekstilije pa modelu oblačilnega izdelka. Pred vsako vložitvijo preizkušenega vzorca P tekstilije določimo ničelno stanje in izvedemo kalibracijo. Sam potek preizkusa je računalniško voden, kar omogoča krmiljenje hitrosti spusta nastavka 22, velikost obremenitve v določenem ciklu in dolžine io posameznih ciklov ter izpis podatkov na ustrezni napravi.The ball-shaped nozzle 22 presses on the pattern P of the textile to simulate the tensioning of the pattern when bending the knee or elbow. In order to get as close as possible to the conditions of wearing textiles in practice, the size of the ball-shaped attachment is adjusted to the size of the elbow or knee, and the surface of the circularly tested test pattern P of the textile to the model of the garment product. Before each filing of the tested textile sample P, a zero condition is determined and calibration performed. The test run itself is computer-controlled, which allows the speed of descent of the attachment 22 to be controlled, the magnitude of the load in a given cycle and the length of io of the individual cycles, and the display of data on the corresponding device.

Opisani napravi za preizkušanje trdnosti in sferne izbočenosti tekstilij po prvem in drugem izvedbenem primeru omogočata realnejšo simulacijo pogojev nošenja oblačil tako, da so rezultati primerljivi z rezultati nošenja v praksi, naprava po drugem izvedbenem primeru tudi precej realno is simulira proces deformacije pri izpostavljenih delih oblačil (kolena, komolci) še posebej pri cikličnih obremenitvah in relaksacijah.The described devices for testing the strength and spherical protrusion of textiles after the first and second embodiments allow a more realistic simulation of the conditions of wearing the garments in such a way that the results are comparable to the results of wearing them in practice, the device according to the second embodiment also quite realistically and simulates the deformation process in exposed parts of clothing ( knees, elbows) especially in cyclic loading and relaxation.

Claims

1. A device for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles, wherein the device comprises a forearm and upper arm for simulating a hand, characterized in that a clamping assembly (12) is suspended on the tensile springs (10) of the upper arm (6) for testing the sample. (P) textiles, wherein the clamping assembly (12) consists of a screw part (13) and a nut (14) and the helical io part (13) consists of a suspension section (15), a screw section (16) and a coil section ( 17) in a given order of decreasing diameters, while the nut (14) comprises a parent section (18) and a clamping section (19), the latter comprising a slant (21) for engagement with the front oblique (20) of the coil section (17) .

2. A device for testing the strength or spherical protrusion of textiles, indicated by the fact that the ball-shaped nozzle (22) is fixed to the upper part (A) of the dynamometer and the test pattern (P) of the textile is inserted between the rings

20 (25,25 ') and clamped between the clamp (23) and the die (24) clamped to the lower part (A') of the dynamometer.

3. A textile or spherical testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rings (25,25 ') have alternately grooves and humps.