SG183488A1 - Halogenated amide ester and internal electron donor with same - Google Patents
Halogenated amide ester and internal electron donor with same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SG183488A1 SG183488A1 SG2012062956A SG2012062956A SG183488A1 SG 183488 A1 SG183488 A1 SG 183488A1 SG 2012062956 A SG2012062956 A SG 2012062956A SG 2012062956 A SG2012062956 A SG 2012062956A SG 183488 A1 SG183488 A1 SG 183488A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- group
- amide ester
- methyl
- carbon atoms
- halogenated amide
- Prior art date
Links
- -1 amide ester Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 76
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012035 limiting reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 30
- BBYDXOIZLAWGSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 BBYDXOIZLAWGSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound C1CCCC1[Si](OC)(OC)C1CCCC1 JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- HRAQMGWTPNOILP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethoxy ethylbenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCC)C=C1 HRAQMGWTPNOILP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KVSASDOGYIBWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro benzoate Chemical compound ClOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KVSASDOGYIBWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- SJJCABYOVIHNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C1CCCCC1 SJJCABYOVIHNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHPUZTHRFWIGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-di(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C(C)C)C(C)C VHPUZTHRFWIGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FTSXVYQZLNPTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-benzoyloxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C(C(C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FTSXVYQZLNPTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHUODBDRWMIBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl p-anisate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 FHUODBDRWMIBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHTXVXOOSUKFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)(C(C)C)C(C)C WHTXVXOOSUKFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSTIHFXUTPZJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro benzoate Chemical compound FOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSTIHFXUTPZJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHKFGRVGAQYZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibutoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCCC GHKFGRVGAQYZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZYDOKBVZJLQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxybenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCC QZYDOKBVZJLQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVIMRBXUNCALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-pentoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCC GLVIMRBXUNCALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWBJLLHFWVYOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-yl benzoate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJLLHFWVYOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KESQFSZFUCZCEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 KESQFSZFUCZCEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPXKOSDOYBLVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(aminomethyl)-3-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C(CN)(CO)C(C)C CPXKOSDOYBLVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEBNLXZFNUZDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(aminomethyl)-4-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)pentan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(CN)(CO)CC(C)C GEBNLXZFNUZDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLBKEUTWJFQRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylanilino]ethanol Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(NCCO)C=C1 LLBKEUTWJFQRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZBHLCYWNXLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-4-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)(C#N)CC(C)C KLZBHLCYWNXLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHIYOCUMCUWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound COCC(COC)(CC(C)C)C(C)C RGHIYOCUMCUWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C)ON=1 FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVWCLOAAEFMTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane Chemical compound COCC(COC)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C PVWCLOAAEFMTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQKCHGMGIXPCCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylbenzoyl)oxypentan-2-yl 2-methylbenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C)C=1C(=O)OC(C)CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C YQKCHGMGIXPCCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMPNOLYXKFPOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-butylbenzoyl)oxypentan-2-yl 4-butylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(CCCC)C=C1 PMPNOLYXKFPOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RRCNRKVOQLLUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-5-methylhexan-3-yl] 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(C(C)C)C(CC)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RRCNRKVOQLLUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJVZRIKTHRUDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-6-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)heptan-3-yl] 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)C(CC)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 HJVZRIKTHRUDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNTWTPKMACQVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-6-methyl-4-propan-2-ylheptan-3-yl] 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(C(C)C)(CC(C)C)C(CC)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PNTWTPKMACQVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYBQGEAVYFIOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-6-methylheptan-3-yl] 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(CC(C)C)C(CC)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 IYBQGEAVYFIOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVMHNJUFIPMGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-[[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-2,7-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)octan-4-yl] 4-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)C(CC(C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SVMHNJUFIPMGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWAMNQDTEBABGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-[[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]methyl]-2,7-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)octan-4-yl] 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C(=O)NCC(CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)C(CC(C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LWAMNQDTEBABGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004164 analytical calibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001485 cycloalkadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTCHFSNTCCVHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl 2,3-di(propan-2-yl)butanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OCCCC VTCHFSNTCCVHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVLHXEDOBYYTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2,3-bis(2-methylpropyl)butanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(CC(C)C)C(CC(C)C)C(=O)OCC AVLHXEDOBYYTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGFNXLQURMLAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2,3-di(propan-2-yl)butanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OCC WGFNXLQURMLAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSBCVSVJXVVUFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C[Si](OC)(C[Si](C)(C)C)OC WSBCVSVJXVVUFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH2]OC YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012259 ether extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CTUUCCARKOOGPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-4-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)pentanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)C#N CTUUCCARKOOGPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVODIPKBEMSROH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)COC TVODIPKBEMSROH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWBYCMPOFNRISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RWBYCMPOFNRISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDKQUSKHRIUJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] XDKQUSKHRIUJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002737 metalloid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYLUAHKXJUQFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COCC(C)C(=O)OC LYLUAHKXJUQFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNHXTCZZACTEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-ethoxybenzoate Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 RNHXTCZZACTEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KOFGHHIZTRGVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-triethoxysilylethanamine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)N(CC)CC KOFGHHIZTRGVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002942 palmitic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006029 tetra-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCOP(OCCC)OCCC QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035658 visco-gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C233/67—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C233/68—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/69—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/12—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/02—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F10/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/65—Pretreating the metal or compound covered by group C08F4/64 before the final contacting with the metal or compound covered by group C08F4/44
- C08F4/652—Pretreating with metals or metal-containing compounds
- C08F4/654—Pretreating with metals or metal-containing compounds with magnesium or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are halogenated amide esters that are suitable as internal electron donors in procatalyst compositions. Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions containing the present procatalyst compositions exhibit improved catalyst activity and/or improved catalyst selectivity and produce propylene-based olefins with broad molecular weight distribution.
Description
HALOGENATED AMIDE ESTER AND INTERNAL
ELECTRON DONOR WITH SAME
[0001] The present disclosure relates to halogenated amide esters, and procatalyst compositions and catalyst compositions containing the same.
[0002] Worldwide demand for olefin-based polymers continues to grow as applications for these polymers become more diverse and more sophisticated. Olefin-based polymers with broad molecular weight distribution (MWD), for example, find increasing applications in thermoforming; pipe-, foam-, blow-molding; and films. Known are Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions for the production of olefin-based polymers, particularly propylene-based polymers, with broad MWD. Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions typically include a procatalyst composed of a transition metal halide (i.e., titanium, chromium, vanadium) supported on a metal or metalloid compound, such as magnesium chloride or silica, the procatalyst complexed with a cocatalyst such as an organoaluminum compound. Production of olefin-based polymers with broad MWD produced by way of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, however, is typically limited to a single reactor process requiring rigorous process control and/or a series reactor process requiring multiple reactors.
[0003] Given the perennial emergence of new applications for olefin-based polymers, the art recognizes the need for olefin-based polymers with improved and varied properties.
Desirable would be a Ziegler-Natta catalyst composition that produces olefin-based polymer, and propylene-based polymer in particular, with broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) with Iess process constraints and iess equipment.
[0004] The present disclosure is directed to halogenated amide esters, and the use of same in procatalyst and catalyst compositions. Catalyst compositions containing the halogenated amide ester find application in olefin polymerization processes. The present halogenated amide ester-containing catalyst compositions have high catalyst activity, high selectivity, and produce propylene-based olefins with high isotacticity and broad molecular weight distribution.
[0005] In an embodiment, a halogenated amide ester is provided. The halogenated amide ester has the structure (I) below.
Ry Ry
R4 Rs e Re 0
Ar, 0 NT Ar,
T
[0006] Ri-R¢ are the same or different. Each of R;-R¢ is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, and an acyclic alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms. At least one of R;-R¢ is an acyclic alkyl group. Ar; and Ar, are the same or different. Each of Ar; and Ar, is selected from an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms, and an arylalkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms. At least one of Ar; and Ar; is halogenated.
[0007] In an embodiment, a procatalyst composition is provided. The procatalyst composition includes a combination of a magnesium moiety, a titanium moiety and an internal electron donor. The internal electron donor includes a halogenated amide ester. The halogenated amide ester has the structure (I) below. : RI Ro 4 R
Rs PLE Re 0 oy ® NY 2 0} O
[0008] R;-R¢ are the same or different. Each of R;-R¢ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms. Ar; and Ar, are the same or different. Each of Ar; and Ar; is selected from an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms and an arylalkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms. At least one of Ar; and Ar; is halogenated.
[0009] In an embodiment, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a procatalyst composition and a cocatalyst. The procatalyst composition includes an internal electron donor that is a halogenated amide ester. The halogenated amide ester has the structure (I).
[0010] In an embodiment, a process for producing an olefin-based polymer is provided.
The process includes contacting, under polymerization conditions, an olefin with a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition includes a halogenated amide ester of structure (I).
The process further includes forming an olefin-based polymer.
[0011] An advantage of the present disclosure is the provision of an improved procatalyst composition.
[0012] An advantage of the present disclosure is the provision of an improved catalyst composition for the polymerization of olefin-based polymers.
[0013] An advantage of the present disclosure is the provision of a phthalate-free catalyst composition and a phthalate-free olefin-based polymer produced therefrom.
[0014] An advantage of the present disclosure is a catalyst composition that produces a propylene-based polymer with broad molecular weight distribution and/or high isotacticity.
[0015] An advantage of the present disclosure is a catalyst composition that produces a propylene-based polymer with broad molecular weight distribution in a single reactor.
[0016] The present disclosure is directed to a halogenated amide ester and procatalyst/catalyst compositions containing the same and olefin-based polymers produced therefrom. The term “halogenated amide ester,” as used herein is an amide ester having the structure (I):
Ri Ry
Re PF 0)
Ari “Nr Ar, 0 0
[0017] wherein R;-R¢ are the same or different. Each of R;-R¢ is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, and a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms. Ar; and Ar; are the same or different. Each of Ar; and Ar; is selected from an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms and an arylalkyl group having 7220 carbon atoms. At least one of Ar; and Ar, is halogenated. In other words, at least one halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) is bonded to either Ar, and/or Ar.
[0018] Two or more of R;}-Rg may link to form a mono-cyclic or a poly-cyclic structure.
Ar; and/or Ar, may be a mono-aromatic or a poly-aromatic structure. Ar; and/or Ar, may also include straight, branched, acyclic or cyclic substituents. Nonlimiting examples for Ar; and/or Ar, include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a phenanthrenyl group.
[0019] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl" or “hydrocarbon” is a substituent containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, including branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic, polycyclic, fused, or acyclic species, and combinations thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of hydrocarbyl groups include alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkenyl-, alkadienyl-, cycloalkenyl-, cycloalkadienyl-, aryl-, aralkyl, alkylaryl-, and alkynyl- groups.
[0020] As used herein, the term “substituted hydrocarbyl” or “substituted hydrocarbon” is a hydrocarbyl group that is substituted with one or more nonhydrocarbyl substituent groups. A nonlimiting example of a nonhydrocarbyl substituent group is a heteroatom. As used herein, a “heteroatom” is an atom other than carbon or hydrogen. The heteroatom can be a non-carbon atom from Groups IV, V, VI, and VII of the Periodic Table. Nonlimiting examples of heteroatoms include: halogens (F CI, Br, I), N, O, P, B, S, and Si. A substituted hydrocarbyl group also includes a halohydrocarbyl group and a silicon-containing hydrocarbyl group. As used herein, the term “halohydrocarbyl” group is a hydrocarbyl group that is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
[0021] In an embodiment, at least one, or at least two, or at least three, of R; -Rg is/are a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms. In a further embodiment, each of R; and R; is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. {0622] in another embodiment, each of R3 and Rs is a hydrocarby! group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
[0023] The present disclosure provides a halogenated amide ester. In an embodiment, the halogenated amide ester of structure (I) includes R;-R¢, each being the same or different.
Each of Rj-Rg is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, and an acyclic alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or 1-6 carbon atoms. At least one of, or at least two of R;-Rg is/are an acyclic alkyl group. The acyclic alkyl group may be substituted with a member selected from a halogen, a silicon atom, and combinations thereof.
[0024] Ary and Ar, are aryl groups and/or arylalkyl groups as discussed above with at least one of or each of, Ar; and Ar, being halogenated.
[0025] In an embodiment, the halogenated amide ester has the structure (II):
Rs PL Rs
Ri Ro dn - Lr HN a < 0 0
[0026] wherein at least one of R;;-R;3 and at least one of Ry;-Ry; is a halogen atom.
[0027] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; of structure (II) is selected from chlorine and/or fluorine.
[0028] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; of structure (II) is selected from chlorine (chlorinated amide ester) and/or fluorine (fluorinated amide ester) and at least one of, or at - least two of, R; -R¢ is/are a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms. In a further embodiment, each of R; and R; is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
[0029] In an embodiment, each of R)-Ry; of structure (II) is selected from chlorine and/or fluorine. Each of R3 and Rs is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
[0030] Nonlimiting examples of fluorinated amide ester include 2-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3 -methylbutyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-((4- luorobenzamido)methyl)-4-methylpentan-2-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-5-methylhexan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyi)-Z,5-dimethyihexan-3-yi 4-fluorobenzoate,4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,5-trimethylhexan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 2-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenylbutyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 2-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-methylpentyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-
S-methylhexan-2-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2 6-trimethylheptan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 5-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-yi 4-fluorobenzoate, 2-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 2-((4-
fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-2-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-5,5-dimethylhexan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,5,5-trimethythexan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan-3-yl1 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 2-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbutyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-(4- fluorobenzamido)-2-phenylpropyl 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-(4-fluorobenzamido)-3-phenylbutan- 2-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 1-(4-fluorobenzamido)-2-phenylpentan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 1-(4- fluorobenzamido)-4-methyl-2-phenylpentan-3-yl 4-fluorobenzoate, 1-(4-fluorobenzamido)- 4,4-dimethyl-2-phenylpentan-3-yl ~~ 4-fluorobenzoate, 1-(4-fluorobenzamido)-5-methyl-2- phenylhexan-3-yl ~~ 4-fluorobenzoate, 3-(4-fluorobenzamido)-1,2-diphenylpropyl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 3-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-5-methylhexan-2-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-3-yl ~ 4- fluorobenzoate, ~~ 5-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-5-isopropyl-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-yl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 2-((4 fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4- fluorobenzoate, 3-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-4-methylpentan-2-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-5-methylhexan-3-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,5-dimethylhexan-3-yl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-({4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,2,5-trimethylhexan-3-y! 4- fluorobenzoate, 3-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 2-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-1-phenylbutyl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 3-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isobutyl-5-methylhexan-2-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, ~~ 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl ~~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-3-yl ~ 4- fluorobenzoate, 5-((4-fluorobenzamido)methyl)-5-isobutyl-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-yl 4- fluorobenzoate, 4-(4-fluorobenzamido)pentan-2-yl ~~ 4-fluorobenzonate, and 2-((4- fluorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isobutyl-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4-fluorobenzoate.
[0031] Nonlimiting examples of chlorinated amide ester include 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-methylbutyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)- 4-methylpentan-2-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-5-methylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,5-dimethylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,5-trimethylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3- ((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenylbutyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-methylpentyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-5-methylhexan-2-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, - 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 5-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-y1 4-chlorobenzoate, 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpentan-2-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-5,5-dimethylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,5,5-trimethylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbutyl 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-(4- chiorobenzamido)-2-phenylpropy!l 4-chlorobenzoate, 4-(4-chlorobenzamido)-3-phenylbutan- 2-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 1-(4-chlorobenzamido)-2-phenylpentan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 1-(4- chlorobenzamido)-4-methyl-2-phenylpentan-3-yl 4-chlorobenzoate, 1-(4-chlorobenzamido)- 4,4-dimethyl-2-phenylpentan-3-yl ~ 4-chlorobenzoate, 1-(4-chlorobenzamido)-5-methyl-2- phenylhexan-3-yl ~~ 4-chlorobenzoate, 3-(4-chlorobenzamido)-1,2-diphenylpropyl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 3-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-5-methylhexan-2-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-3-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 5-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-5-isopropyl-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-yl ~~ 4-
chlorobenzoate, 2-((4 chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4- chlorobenzoate, 3-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-4-methylpentan-2-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-5-methylhexan-3-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, ~~ 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,5-dimethylhexan-3-yl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isopropyl-2,2,5-trimethylhexan-3-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 3-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isopropyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 2-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-1-phenylbutyl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 3-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-isobutyl-5-methylhexan-2-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-6-methylheptan-3-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-2,6-dimethylheptan-3-yl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-4-isobutyl-2,2,6-trimethylheptan-3-yl ~~ 4- chlorobenzoate, 5-((4-chlorobenzamido)methyl)-5-isobutyl-2,7-dimethyloctan-4-yl 4- chlorobenzoate, 4-(4-chloroorobenzamido)pentan-2-yl 4-chlorobenzonate, and 2-((4- chlorobenzamido)methyl)-2-isobutyl-4-methyl-1-phenylpentyl 4-chlorobenzoate.
[0032] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry, of structure (II) is fluorine and each of Rj and Rs is a methyl group.
[0033] In an embodiment, each of Ry; and Ry, of structure (II) is fluorine and each of R; and R; is a methyl group.
[0034] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; of structure (II) is fluorine and each of R; and R; is an isopropyl group.
[0035] In an embodiment, each of Rj, and Ry; of structure (I) is fluorine and each of R; and R; is an isobutyl group.
[0036] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; of structure (II) is fluorine, R; is an isopropyl group, and Rj; is an isobutyl group.
[0037] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; of structure (II) is chlorine and each of Rs and Rs is a methyl group.
[0038] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; is chlorine and each of R; and R, is a methyl group.
[0039] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry, is chlorine and each of R; and R; is an isopropyl group.
[0040] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry; is chlorine and each of R; and Rj is an isobutyl group.
[0041] In an embodiment, each of Rj; and Ry of structure (II) is chlorine, R; is an isopropyl group, and R; is an isobutyl group.
[0042] The present halogenated amide ester may comprise two or more embodiments enclosed herein.
[0043] In an embodiment, a procatalyst composition is provided. The procatalyst composition includes a combination of a magnesium moiety, a titanium moiety and an internal electron donor. In other words, the procatalyst composition is a reaction product of a procatalyst precursor, a halogenated amide ester, an optional halogenting agent, and an optional titanating agent. The internal electron donor includes a halogenated amide ester of structure (I):
Ri Ry
Rs PF Rg @
Ar, lo} Nt
T 1
[0044] wherein R;-R¢ are the same or different. Each of R;-Rg is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, and a substituted/unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 atoms.
Ar; and Ar, are the same or different. Each of Ar; and Ar; is selected from an aryl group having 6-20 atoms and an arylalkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms. At least one of Ar; and
Ar, is halogenated. :
[0045] Two or more of the R;-Rg may link to form a cyclic or poly-cyclic structure as previously discussed. Ar; and Ar, may be any compound or structure as previously discussed. The internal electron donor may be any of the foregoing halogenated amide esters.
[0046] The procatalyst composition is produced by halogenating/titanating a procatalyst precursor in the presence of the internal electron donor. As used herein, an “internal electron donor” is a compound added or otherwise formed during formation of the procatalyst composition that donates at least one pair of electrons to one or more metals present in the resultant procatalyst composition. The internal electron donor is the halogenated amide ester.
Not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that during halogenation and titanation the internal electron donor (1) regulates the formation of active sites, (2) regulates the position of titanium on the magnesium-based support and thereby enhances catalyst stereoselectivity, (3) facilitates conversion of the magnesium and titanium moieties into respective halides and (4) regulates the crystallite size of the magnesium halide support during conversion. Thus, provision of the internal electron donor yields a procatalyst composition with enhanced stereoselectivity.
[0047] The procatalyst precursor may be a magnesium moiety compound (MagMo), a magnesium mixed metal compound (MagMix), or a benzoate-containing magnesium chloride compound (BenMag). In an embodiment, the procatalyst precursor is a magnesium moiety (“MagMo”) precursor. The “MagMo precursor” contains magnesium as the sole metal component. The MagMo precursor includes a magnesium moiety. Nonlimiting examples of suitable magnesium moieties include anhydrous magnesium chloride and/or its alcohol adduct, magnesium alkoxide or aryloxide, mixed magnesium alkoxy halide, and/or carbonated magnesium dialkoxide or aryloxide. In one embodiment, the MagMo precursor is a magnesium di-(Cj4)alkoxide. In a further embodiment, the MagMo precursor is ~ diethoxymagnesium.
[0048] The MagMix includes magnesium and at least one other metal atom. The other metal atom can be a main group metal or a transition metal, or a transition metal of IIIB —
VIIIB element. In an embodiment, the transition metal is selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn,
Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, and Hf. In a further embodiment, the MagMix precursor is a mixed magnesium/titanium compound (“MagTi™). The “MagTi precursor” has the formula
MgsTi(OR®)¢X, wherein R® is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms or COR’ wherein R’ is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each OR® group is the same or different; X is independently chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine; d is 0.5 to 56, or 2to 4; fis 2 to 116 or 5to 15; and g is0.5t0 116, or 1 to 3.
[0049] In an embodiment, the procatalyst precursor is a benzoate-containing magnesium chloride material. As used herein, a “benzoate-containing magnesium chloride” (“BenMag”) is a magnesium chloride procatalyst (i.e., a halogenated procatalyst precursor) containing a benzoate internal electron donor. The BenMag material may also include a titanium moiety,
_such as a titanium halide. The benzoate internal donor is labile and can be replaced by other electron donors during procatalyst synthesis. Nonlimiting examples of suitable benzoate groups include ethyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, ethyl p-methoxybenzoate, methyl p- ethoxybenzoate, ethyl p-ethoxybenzoate, ethyl p-chlorobenzoate. In one embodiment, the benzoate group is ethyl benzoate. Nonlimiting examples of suitable BenMag procatalyst precursors include catalysts of the trade names SHAC™ 103 and SHAC™ 310 available from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
[0050] In an embodiment, the BenMag procatalyst precursor is a product of halogenation of any procatalyst precursor (i.e., a MagMo precursor or a MagTi precursor) in the presence of a benzoate compound with the structure (IV)
Ry, O
Re or ? Iv)
Ry Rs - I
[0051] wherein R; — Rs are H, a C; — Cy hydrocarbyl group which may contain heteroatoms including F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, N, P, and Si, and Risa Cy — Cy hydrocarbyl group which may optionally contain heteroatom(s) including F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, N, P, and Si.
Preferably, R; — Rs are selected from H and a C; — Cy alkyl group and R is selected from a
Ci — Cy alkyl group and an alkoxyalkyl group.
[0052] Halogenation/titanation of the procatalyst precursor in the presence of the internal electron donor produces a procatalyst composition which includes a combination of a magnesium moiety, a titantium moiety, and the internal electron donor (a halogenated amide ester). In an embodiment, the magnesium and titanium moieties are respective halides, such as magnesium chloride and titanium chloride. Bounded by no particular theory, it is believed that the magnesium halide is a support upon which the titanium halide is deposited and onto which the internal electron donor is incorporated.
[0053] The resulting procatalyst composition has a titanium content of from about 1.0 percent by weight to about 6.0 percent by weight, based on the total solids weight, or from about 1.5 percent by weight to about 5.5 percent by weight, or from about 2.0 percent by weight to about 5.0 percent by weight. The weight ratio of titanium to magnesium in the solid procatalyst composition is suitably between about 1:3 and about 1:160, or between about 1:4 and about 1:50, or between about 1:6 and 1:30. The internal electron donor is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20.0 wt %, or from about 1.0 wt % to about 15 wt %. The internal electron donor may be present in the procatalyst composition in a molar ratio of internal electron donor to magnesium of from about 0.005:1 to about 1:1, or from about 0.01:1 to about 0.4:1. Weight percent is based on the total weight of the procatalyst composition.
[0054] Ethoxide content in the procatalyst composition indicates the completeness of conversion of precursor metal ethoxide into a metal halide. The halogenated amide ester assists in converting ethoxide into halide during halogenation. In an embodiment, the procatalyst composition includes from about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt %, or from about 0.05 wt % to about 0.5 wt % ethoxide. Weight percent is based on the total weight of the procatalyst composition.
[0055] In an embodiment, the internal electron donor is a mixed internal electron donor.
As used herein, a “mixed internal electron donor” is (i) a halogenated amide ester, (ii) an electron donor component that donates a pair of electrons to one or more metals present in the resultant procatalyst composition, and (iii) optionally other components. In an embodiment, the electron donor component is a benzoate, such as ethyl benzoate and/or methoxypropan-2-yl benzoate. The procatalyst composition with the mixed internal electron donor can be produced by way of the procatalyst production procedure as previously disclosed. {0056] In an embodiment, the internal electron donor and/or the mixed internal electron donor are/is phthalate-free.
[0057] In an embodiment, the procatalyst composition is phthalate-free.
[0058] The present procatalyst composition may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.
[0059] In an embodiment, a catalyst composition is provided. As used herein, “a catalyst composition” is a composition that forms an olefin-based polymer when contacted with an olefin under polymerization conditions. The catalyst composition includes a procatalyst composition and a cocatalyst. The procatalyst composition can be any of the foregoing procatalyst compositions with an internal electron donor that is a halogenated amide ester of structure (I) or structure (II) as disclosed herein. The catalyst composition may optionally include an external electron donor and/or an activity limiting agent.
[0060] In an embodiment, the internal electron donor of the catalyst composition is a mixed internal electron donor as disclosed above.
[0061] The catalyst composition includes a cocatalyst. As used herein, a “cocatalyst” is a substance capable of converting the procatalyst to an active polymerization catalyst. The cocatalyst may include hydrides, alkyls, or aryls of aluminum, lithium, zinc, tin, cadmium, beryllium, magnesium, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the cocatalyst is a hydrocarbyl aluminum compound represented by the formula R,AlX;., whereinn=1 2, or 3,
R is an alkyl, and X is a halide or alkoxide. Nonlimiting examples of suitable cocatalyst include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and tri-n- hexylaluminum.
[0062] In an embodiment, the cocatalyst is triethylaluminum. The molar ratio of aluminum to titanium is from about 5:1 to about 500:1, or from about 10:1 to about 200:1, or from about 15:1 to about 150:1, or from about 20:1 to about 100:1, or from about 30:1 to about 60:1. In another embodiment, the molar ratio of aluminum to titanium is about 35:1.
[0063] In an embodiment, the present catalyst composition includes an external electron donor. As used herein, an “external electron donor” (or “EED”) is a compound added independent of procatalyst formation and includes at least one functional group that is capable of donating a pair of electrons to a metal atom. A “mixed external electron donor” (or “MEED”) is a mixture of two or more external electron donors. Bounded by no particuiar theory, it is believed that provision of one or more external electron donors in the catalyst composition effects the following properties of the formant polymer: level of tacticity (i.e., xylene soluble material), molecular weight (i.e., melt flow), molecular weight distribution (MWD), melting point, and/or oligomer level.
[0064] In an embodiment, the external electron donor may be selected from one or more of the following: a silicon compound, a bidentate compound, an amine, an ether, a carboxylate, a ketone, an amide, a carbamate, a phosphine, a phosphate, a phosphite, a sulfonate, a sulfone, a sulfoxide, and any combination of the foregoing.
[0065] In an embodiment, the EED is a silicon compound having the general formula 11D):
Imm
SiRn(OR"4.m wherein R independently each occurrence is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or an amino group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents containing one or more Group 14, 15, 16, or 17 heteroatoms. R contains up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen and halogen. R'is a
Cio alkyl group, and m is 0, 1, or 2. In an embodiment, R is Cq.}, aryl, alkylaryl or aralkyl,
Cs.12 cycloalkyl, Cio linear alkyl or alkenyl, Cs.;» branched alkyl, or C,.;» cyclic amino group, R'is C;4 alkyl, and mis 1 or 2.
[0066] Nonlimiting examples of suitable silicon compounds for the EED include dialkoxysilanes, trialkoxysilanes, and tetraalkoxysilanes such as dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane (DCPDMS), bis(perhydroisoquinolino)dimethoxysilane, methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane, tetracthoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, diethylaminotriethoxysilane, bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)dimethoxysilane, and any combination thereof.
[0067] In an embodiment, the EED is a bidentate compound. A “bidentate compound” is a molecule or compound that contains at lcast two oxygen-containing functional groups separated by a C,-Co hydrocarbon chain, the oxygen-containing functional groups being the same or different and at least one oxygen-containing functional group being an ether group or a carboxylate group, the bidentate composition excluding phthalates.
Nonlimiting examples of suitable oxygen-containing functional groups for the bidentate composition include carboxylate, carbonate, ketone, ether, carbamate, amide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate, phosphite, phosphinate, phosphate, phosphonate, and phosphine oxide.
One or more carbon atoms in the C; - Cy chain may be substituted with heteroatoms from
Group 14, 15, and 16. One or more H atoms in the C; - Cj chain may be substituted with alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aralkyl, halogen, or functional groups containing a heteroatom from Group 14, 15, or 16. Nonlimiting examples of suitable bidentate compounds include diethers, succinates, dialkoxybenzenes, alkoxy ester, and/or diol esters.
[0068] In an embodiment, the bidentate compound is a diether such as 3,3- bis(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane, and 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene.
[0069] In an embodiment, the bidentate compound is a diol ester such as 2,4- pentanediol di(benzoate), 2,4-pentanediol di(2-methylbenzoate), 2,4-pentanediol di(4-n- butylbenzoate), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate and/or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3- pentanediol dibenzoate.
[0070] In an embodiment, the carboxylate is a benzoate such as ethyl benzoate and ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate.
[0071] In an embodiment the external electron donor is a phosphite such as trimetyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and/or tri-n-propyl phosphite.
[0072] In an embodiment, the external electron donor is an alkoxy ester such as methyl 1-methoxybicylco[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate, and/or ethyl 3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate.
[0073] In an embodiment, the external electron donor is a succinate such as diethyl 2,3-diisopropylsuccinate, di-n-butyl 2,3-diisopropylsuccinate, and/or diethyl 2,3- diisobutylsuccinate.
[0074] In an embodiment, the external electron donor is a dialkoxybenzene such as 1,2-diethoxybenzene, 1,2-di-n-butoxybenzene, and/or 1-ethoxy-2-n-pentoxybenzene.
[0075] In an embodiment, the external electron donor is an amine such as 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine.
[0076] it is further understood that the EED may be a MEED which may comprise two or more of any of the foregoing EED compounds.
[0077] In an embodiment, the catalyst composition includes an activity limiting agent (ALA). As used herein, an “activity limiting agent” (“ALA”) is a material that reduces catalyst activity at elevated temperature (i.e., temperature greater than about 85°C). An ALA inhibits or otherwise prevents polymerization reactor upset and ensures continuity of the polymerization process. Typically, the activity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts increases as the reactor temperature rises. Ziegler-Natta catalysts also typically maintain high activity near the softening point temperature of the polymer produced. The heat generated by the exothermic polymerization reaction may cause polymer particles to form agglomerates and may ultimately lead to disruption of continuity for the polymer production process. The
ALA reduces catalyst activity at elevated temperature, thereby preventing reactor upset, reducing (or preventing) particle agglomeration, and ensuring continuity of the polymerization process.
[0078] The ALA may or may not be a component of the EED and/or the MEED. The activity limiting agent may be a carboxylic acid ester, a diether, a poly(alkene glycol), a succinate, a diol ester, and combinations thereof. The carboxylic acid ester can be an aliphatic or aromatic, mono-or poly-carboxylic acid ester. Nonlimiting examples of suitable carboxylic acid esters include benzoates, Ci.q alkyl esters of aliphatic Cj.49 mono-/di- carboxylic acids, Cy40 mono-/poly-carboxylate derivatives of C,.100 (poly)glycols, Ca-100 (poly)glycol ethers, and any combination thereof. Further nonlimiting examples of carboxylic acid esters include laurates, myristates, palmitates, stearates, oleates, and sebacates, and mixtures thereof. In a further embodiment, the ALA is ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate or isopropyl myristate or di-n-butyl sebacate.
[0079] The catalyst composition may include any of the foregoing external electron donors in combination with any of the foregoing activity limiting agents. The external electron donor and/or activity limiting agent can be added into the reactor separately.
Alternatively, the external electron donor and the activity limiting agent can be mixed together in advance and then added to the catalyst composition and/or into the reactor as a mixture. In the mixture, more than one external electron donor or more than one activity limiting agent can be used. Nonlimiting examples of suitable EED/ALA mixtures include dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and poly(ethylene glycol) laurate, diisopropyldimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane and ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate, n-propyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, dimethyldimethoxysilane and methylcyclohexyldimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane and ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and n-propyltriethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, diisopropyldimethoxysilane and n-propyltriethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate and poly(ethylene glycol) dioleate,
dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane and diisopropyldimethoxysilane and n-propyltriethoxysilane and isopropyl myristate, and combinations thereof.
[0080] The present catalyst composition may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.
[0081] In an embodiment, a process for producing an olefin-based polymer is provided.
The process includes contacting an olefin with a catalyst composition under polymerization conditions. The catalyst composition includes a halogenated amide ester. The halogenated amide ester can be any halogenated amide ester as disclosed herein. The process further includes forming an olefin-based polymer.
[0082] The catalyst composition includes a procatalyst composition and a cocatalyst.
The procatalyst composition is any procatalyst composition disclosed herein and includes a halogenated amide ester of structure (I) or structure (II) as the internal electron donor. The cocatalyst may be any cocatalyst as disclosed herein. The catalyst composition may optionally include an external electron donor and/or an activity limiting agent as previously disclosed.
[0083] The olefin-based polymer contains halogenated amide ester corresponding to the internal electron donor of structure (I) or structure (II) present in the procatalyst composition.
In an embodiment, the olefin-based polymer can be a propylene-based olefin, an ethylene- based olefin, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the olefin-based polymer is a propylene-based polymer.
[0084] One or more olefin monomers can be introduced into a polymerization reactor to react with the catalyst and to form a polymer, or a fluidized bed of polymer particles.
Nonlimiting examples of suitable olefin monomers include ethylene, propylene, Cs 0- olefins, such as 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1- decene, 1-dodecene and the like.
[0085] As used herein, “polymerization conditions” are temperature and pressure parameters within a polymerization reactor suitable for promoting polymerization between the catalyst composition and an olefin to form the desired polymer. The polymerization process may be a gas phase, a slurry, or a bulk polymerization process, operating in one, or more than one, polymerization reactor. Accordingly, the polymerization reactor may be a gas phase polymerization reactor, a liquid-phase polymerization reactor, or a combination thereof.
[0086] It is understood that provision of hydrogen in the polymerization reactor is a component of the polymerization conditions. During polymerization, hydrogen is a chain transfer agent and affects the molecular weight (and correspondingly the melt flow rate) of the resultant polymer. The polymerization process may include a pre-polymerization step and/or a pre-activation step.
[0087] In an embodiment, the process includes mixing the external electron donor (and optionally the activity limiting agent) with the procatalyst composition. The external electron donor and/or the activity limiting agent can be complexed with the cocatalyst and mixed with the procatalyst composition (pre-mix) prior to contact between the catalyst composition and the olefin. In another embodiment, the external electron donor and/or the activity limiting agent can be added independently to the polymerization reactor.
[0088] In an embodiment, the olefin is propylene and optionally ethylene and/or 1- butene. The process includes forming a propylene-based polymer (propylene homopolymer or propylene copolymer) having one or more of the following properties: ® a melt flow rate (MFR) from about 0.01 g/10 min to about 800 g/10 min, or from about 0.1 £/10 min to about 200 g/10 min, or from about 0.5 g/10 min to about 150 g/10 min, or from about 1 g/10 min to about 70 g/10 min; ® a xylene solubles content from about 0.5% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 8%, or from about 1% to about 4%; ® a polydispersity index (PDI) from about 5.0 to about 20.0, or from about 6.0 to about 15, or from about 6.5 to about 10, or from about 7.0 to about 9.0; ® when a comonomer is present it is present in an amount form about 0.001 wt% to abut 20 wt%, or from about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % (based on total weight of the polymer); and/or = internal electron donor (halogenated amide ester) or mixed internal electron donor (halogenated amide ester and a benzoate) present from about 1 ppb to about 50 ppm, or from about 10 ppb to about 25 ppm, or from about 100 ppb to about 10 ppm.
[0089] The present disclosure provides another process for producing an olefin-based polymer. In an embodiment, a process for producing an olefin-based polymer is provided which includes contacting propylene with a catalyst composition comprising a halogenated amide ester to form a propylene-based polymer. The contact between the propylene and the catalyst composition occurs in a first polymerization reactor under polymerization conditions. The process further includes contacting ethylene and optionally at least one other olefin in the presence of the propylene-based polymer. The contact between the ethylene, the olefin(s), and the propylene-based polymer occurs in a second polymerization reactor under polymerization conditions and forms a propylene impact copolymer.
[0090] In an embodiment, the first reactor and the second reactor operate in series whereby the effluent of the first reactor (i.e., the propylene-based polymer) is charged to the second reactor. Additional olefin monomer is added to the second polymerization reactor to continue polymerization. Additional catalyst composition (and/or any combination of individual catalyst components—i.e., procatalyst, cocatalyst, EED, ALA) may be added to the second polymerization reactor. The additional catalyst composition/components added to the second reactor may be the same or different than the catalyst composition/components introduced in the first reactor.
[0091] In an embodiment, the propylene-based polymer produced in the first reactor is a propylene homopolymer. The propylene homopolymer is charged to the second reactor where ethylene and propylene are contacted with each other in the presence of the propylene homopolymer. This forms a propylene impact copolymer having a propylene homopolymer continuous (or matrix) phase and a discontinuous phase (or rubber phase) selected from a propylene-based copolymer (i.e., a propylene/ethylene copolymer) or an ethylene-based copolymer (i.e., an ethylene/propylene copolymer). The discontinuous phase is dispersed in the continuous phase.
[0092] The propylene impact copolymer may have an Fc value from about 1 wt % to about 50 wt %, or from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to about 30 wt %. As used herein, “fraction copolymer” (“Fc”) is the weight percent of the discontinuous phase present in the heterophasic copolymer. The Fc value is based on the total weight of the propylene impact copolymer.
[0093] The propylene impact copolymer may have an Ec value from about 1 wt % to about 100 wt %, or from about 20 wt % to about 90 wt %, or from about 30 wt % to about 80 wt %, or from about 40 wt % about 60 wt %. As used herein, “ethylene content” (“Ec”) is the weight percent of ethylene present in the discontinuous phase of the propylene impact copolymer. The Ec value is based on the total weight of the discontinuous (or rubber) phase.
[0094] The present processes for production olefin-based polymer may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.
[0095] DEFINITIONS
[0096] All references to the Periodic Table of the Elements herein shall refer to the
Periodic Table of the Elements, published and copyrighted by CRC Press, Inc., 2003. Also, any references to a Group or Groups shall be to the Groups or Groups reflected in this
Periodic Table of the Elements using the [IUPAC system for numbering groups. Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percents are based on weight. For purposes of United States patent practice, the contents of any patent, patent application, or publication referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety (or the equivalent US version thereof is so incorporated by reference), especially with respect to the disclosure of synthetic techniques, definitions (to the extent not inconsistent with any definitions provided herein) and general knowledge in the art.
[0097] Any numerical range recited herein, includes all values from the lower value to the upper value, in increments of one unit, provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value. As an example, if it is stated that the amount of a component, or a value of a compositional or a physical property, such as, for example, amount of a blend component, softening temperature, melt index, etc., is between 1 and 100, it is intended that all individual values, such as, 1, 2, 3, etc., and all subranges, such as, 1 to 20, 55 to 70, 197 to 100, etc., are expressly enumerated in this specification. For values which are less than one, one unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1, as appropriate. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated, are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application. In other words, any numerical range recited herein includes any value or subrange within the stated range.
Numerical ranges have been recited, as discussed herein, reference melt index, melt flow rate, and other properties. So
[0098] The term "alkyl," as used herein, refers to a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical. Nonlimiting examples of suitable alkyl radicals include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl (or 2- methylpropyl), etc. The alkyls have 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0099] The term “aryl” or “aryl group,” as used herein, is a substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound. An aryl group has a total of from six to twenty ring atoms, and has one or more rings which are separate or fused, and may be substituted with alkyl and/or halo groups. The aromatic ring(s) may include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and biphenyl, among others.
[00100] The term “arylalkyl” or “arylalkyl group,” as used herein, is a compound containing both aliphatic and aromatic structures. The term “arylalkyl group” includes “aralkyl groups” (an alkyl group substituted by at least one aryl group) and/or “alkylaryl groups” (an aryl group substituted by at least one alkyl group).
[00101] The terms “blend” or “polymer blend,” as used herein, is a blend of two or more polymers. Such a blend may or may not be miscible (not phase separated at molecular level).
Such a blend may or may not be phase separated. Such a blend may or may not contain one or more domain configurations, as determined from transmission electron spectroscopy, light scattering, x-ray scattering, and other methods known in the art.
[00102] The term "composition,” as used herein, includes a mixture of materials which comprise the composition, as well as reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition.
[00103] The term “comprising,” and derivatives thereof, is not intended to exclude the presence of any additional component, step or procedure, whether or not the same is disciosed herein. In order to avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed herein through use of the term “comprising” may include any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound whether polymeric or otherwise, unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term, “consisting essentially of” excludes from the scope of any succeeding recitation any other component, step or procedure, excepting those that are not essential to operability. The term “consisting of” excludes any component, step or procedure not specifically delineated or listed. The term “or”, unless stated otherwise, refers to the listed members individually as well as in any combination.
[00104] The term, “ethylene-based polymer,” as used herein, is a polymer that comprises a majority weight percent polymerized ethylene monomer (based on the total weight of polymerizable monomers), and optionally may comprise at least one polymerized comonomer.
[00105] The term “olefin-based polymer” is a polymer containing, in polymerized form, a majority weight percent of an olefin, for example ethylene or propylene, based on the total weight of the polymer. Nonlimiting examples of olefin-based polymers include ethylene- based polymers and propylene-based polymers.
[00106] The term "polymer" is a macromolecular compound prepared by polymerizing monomers of the same or different type. "Polymer" includes homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, interpolymers, and so on. The term "interpolymer" is a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two types of monomers or comonomers. It includes, but is not limited to, copolymers (which usually refers to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers or comonomers, terpolymers (which usually refers to polymers prepared from three different types of monomers or comonomers), tetrapolymers (which usually refers to polymers prepared from four different types of monomers or comonomers), and the like.
[00107] The term, “propylene-based polymer,” as used herein, is a polymer that comprises a majority weight percent polymerized propylene monomer (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers), and optionally may comprise at least one polymerized comonomer.
[00108] The term "substituted alkyl," as used herein, is an alkyl as previously defined described in which one or more hydrogen atom bound to any carbon of the alkyl is replaced by another group such as a halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, amine, phosphide, alkoxy, amino, thio, nitro, silyl, and combinations thereof. Suitable substituted alkyls include, for example, benzyl, trifluoromethyl and the like.
[00109] TEST METHODS
[00110] Melt flow rate (MFR) is measured in accordance with ASTM D 1238-01 test method at 230°C with a 2.16 kg weight for propylene-based polymers.
[00111] Xylene Solubles (XS) is the weight percent of resin that stays in the solution after the resin is dissolved in hot xylene and the solution is allowed to cool to 25°C (Gravimetric
XS method according to ASTM D5492-06). XS is measured according to one of the two following procedures: (1) Viscotek method: 0.4 g of polymer is dissolved in 20 ml of xylenes with stirring at 130 °C for 30 minutes. The solution is then cooled to 25 °C and after 30 minutes the insoluble polymer fraction is filtered off. The resulting filtrate is analyzed by
Flow Injection Polymer Analysis using a Viscotek ViscoGEL H-100-3078 column with THF mobile phase flowing at-1.0 ml/min. The column is coupled to a Viscotek Model 302 Triple
Detector Array, with light scattering, viscometer and refractometer detectors operating at 45 °C. Instrument calibration was maintained with Viscotek PolyCAL™ polystyrene standards. (2) NMR method: XS is measured using a 'H NMR method as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,539,309, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Both of the methods are calibrated against the gravimetric ASTM method.
[00112] Polydispersity Index (PDI) is measured by an AR-G2 rheometer which is a stress control dynamic spectrometer manufactured by TA Instruments using a method according to
Zeichner GR, Patel PD (1981) “A comprehensive Study of Polypropylene Melt Rheology”,
Proc. of the 2™ World Congress of Chemical Eng., Montreal, Canada. An ETC oven is used to control the temperature at 180°C + 0.1°C. Nitrogen is used to purge the inside the oven to keep the sample from degradation by oxygen and moisture. A pair of 25mm in diameter cone and plate sample holder is used. Samples are compress molded into 50mm x 100mm x 2mm plaque. Samples are then cut into 19mm square and loaded on the center of the bottom plate. The geometries of upper cone is (1) Cone angle: 5:42:20 (deg:min:sec); (2) Diameter: mm; (3) Truncation gap: 149 micron. The geometry of the bottom plate is 25mm cylinder.
[00113] Testing procedure: 0) The cone & plate sampie holder is heated in the ETC oven at 180°C for 2 hours.
Then the gap is zeroed under blanket of nitrogen gas. 2) Cone is raised to 2.5mm and sample loaded unto the top of the bottom plate. 3) Start timing for 2 minutes. 4) The upper cone is immediately lowered to slightly rest on top of the sample by observing the normal force. (5) After two minutes the sample is squeezed down to 165 micron gap by lower the upper cone. 6) The normal force is observed. When the normal force is down to <0.05 Newton the excess sample is removed from the edge of the cone and plate sample holder by a spatula. ©) The upper cone is lowered again to the truncation gap which is 149 micron. (8) An Oscillatory Frequency Sweep test is performed under these conditions: (i) Test delayed at 180°C for 5 minutes. (ii) Frequencies: 628.3r/s to 0.11/s.
(iii) Data acquisition rate: 5 point/decade. (iv) Strain: 10% 9 When the test is completed the crossover modulus (Gc) is detected by the Rheology
Advantage Data Analysis program furnished by TA Instruments. (10) PDI = 100,000 + Gc (in Pa units).
[00114] Final melting point (Tar) is the temperature to melt the most perfect crystal in the sample and is a measure for isotacticity and inherent polymer crystallizability. The test is conducted using a TA Q100 Differential Scanning Calorimeter. A sample is heated from 0°C to 240°C at a rate of 80°C/min, cooled at the same rate to 0°C, then heated again at the same rate up to 150°C, held at 150°C for 5 minutes and the heated from 150°C to 180°C at 1.25 °C/min. The Tyr is determined from this last cycle by calculating the onset of the baseline at the end of the heating curve.
[00115] Testing procedure: (1) Calibrate instrument with high purity indium as standard. (2) Purge the instrument head/cell with a constant SO ml/min flow rate of nitrogen constantly. (3) Sample preparation:
Compression mold 1.5 g of powder sample using a 30-G302H-18-CX Wabash
Compression Molder (30 ton): (a) heat mixture at 230 °C for 2 minutes at contact; (b) compress the sample at the same temperature with 20 ton pressure for 1 minute; (c) cool the sample to 45°F and hold for 2 minutes with 20 ton pressure; (d) cut the plaque into 4 of about the same size, stack them together, and repeat steps (a) — (c) in order to homogenize sample. (4) Weigh a piece of sample (preferably between 5 to 8 mg) from the sample plaque and seal it in a standard aluminum sample pan. Place the sealed pan containing the sample on the sample side of the instrument head/cell and place an empty sealed pan in the reference side.
If using the auto sampler, weigh out several different sample specimens and set up the machine for a sequence. (5) Measurements: 6) Data storage: off (ii) Ramp 80.00 °C/min to 240.00 °C (iii) Isothermal for 1.00 min . (iv) Ramp 80.00 °C/min to 0.00 °C wv) Isothermal for 1.00 min (vi) Ramp 80.00 °C/min to 150.00 °C (vii) Isothermal for 5.00 min (viii) Data storage: on
(ix) Ramp 1.25 °C/min to 180.00 °C x) End of method (6) Calculation: Tyg is determined by the interception of two lines. Draw one line from the base-line of high temperature. Draw another line from through the deflection of the curve close to the end of the curve at high temperature side.
[00116] By way of example and not by limitation, examples of the present disclosure will now be provided.
[00117] EXAMPLES 1. Synthesis of Halogenated Amide Ester
Ethyl ~~ 2-cyano-2-isobutyl-4-methylpentanoate, and ethyl 2-cyano-2-isopropyl-3- methylbutyrate:
RR
YY RI, DBU, DMF 4 [1 —— >"
R = i-Pr; i-Bu
[00118] A 500-ml round-bottom flask is fit with magnetic stirrer, and is charged with ethyl 2-cyanoacetate (11.3 g, 0.1 mol) and anhydrous DMF (120 ml). To the stirred solution a solution of 1,8-diazabycyclo[5.4.0lundec-7-ene (DBU) (30.4 g, 0.2 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous DMF (40 ml) is added dropwise. After the completion of addition, the mixture is stirred for another hour. The flask is cooled in an ice-water bath, and a solution of the iodide (0.2 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMF (40 ml) is added dropwise. The mixture is raised to room temperature and stirred for another 14 hours until all starting material is converted into the product (monitored by GC). The mixture is poured inio ice-water, and extracted with diethyl ether. The combined ether extract is washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the filtrate concentrated, and the residue is distilled in vacuo to yield the product as colorless liquid.
[00119] Ethyl 2-cyano-2-isopropyl-3-methylbutyrate: Yield 67%; 'H NMR: & 4.24 (q, 2H,
J=17.0 Hz), 2.28 (heptat, 2H, J= 7.0 Hz) 1.30 (t, 3H, J= 7.0 Hz), 1.07 (d, 6H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.01 (d, 6H, J = 6.5 Hz).
[00120] Ethyl 2-cyano-2-isobutyl-4-methylpentanoate: Yield 88%; 'H NMR: & 4.26 (q, 2H, J=17.0 Hz), 1.82-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.63-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.34 (t, 3H, J= 7.0 Hz), 1.04 (d, 6H,
J=6.0 Hz), 0.89 (d, 6H, J=6.0 Hz). -
2,2-Disubtituted 3-aminopropanols:
N i OH NH,
EN LiAIH,, ether/THF S
Ri Ry =
Ri Ry
[00121] A nitrogen purged 1000-ml three-neck round bottom flask is fit with magnetic stirrer, condenser, and dropping funnel. Powered lithium aluminum hydride (0.14 ~ 0.18 mol) is added followed by anhydrous THF (140 ~ 180 ml), which can be replaced by commercial 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in THF. While stirred, a solution of the ethyl 2-cyanocarboxylate compound (0.06 ~ 0.08 mol) in ether (~200 ml) is added dropwise to keep the mixture in gentle reflux. Upon the completion of addition, the mixture is heated to gentle reflux for 3 hours. After being cooled down, the flask is put in an ice-water bath.
Water is carefully added, and the mixture is stirred until the solid turned white. After filtration, the solid is washed with additional ether, the filtrate concentrated, and the residue dried in vacuo to yield the product as a white solid or sticky oil which can be used directly in acylation reactions without further purification.
[00122] 2-Aminomethyl-2-isopropyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol: Yield 71%; "H NMR: & 3.72 (s, 2H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.65 ( br.s, 3H), 1.97 (heptat, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz), 0.95 (d, 6H, J = 8.5 Hz), 0.94 (d, 6H, J= 9.0 Hz).
[00123] 2-Aminomethyl-2-isobutyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol: Yield 75%; 'H NMR: § 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.77 (s, 2H), 2.65 ( br.s, 3H), 1.58-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.21 (d, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20 (d, 2H, J =7.5 Hz), 0.88 (d, 6H, J= 8.0 Hz), 0.87 (d, 6H, J = 8.5 Hz).
Tp Ni-Al, KOH, H,0 ~~
OH NH, 4-Aminopentan-2-ol:
[00124] A 1000-mL round-bottom flask is charged with 3,5-dimethylisoxazole (9.7 g, 0.1 mol) and water (200 ml). To this solution is added 1.0 M aqueous potassium hydroxide (200 mL). Nickel-aluminum alloy (1:1, 32 g, 0.2 mol) is added in portions over 1 hour. After about another two hours, the reaction mixture is filtered over celite, and the solid washed with additional water. The filtrate is extracted with methylene chloride once. The aqueous solution is acidified with concentrated HCl, and concentrated to dryness. Potassium hydroxide (10 M, 5.0 ml) is added to the residue, the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride, and the extract is dried with magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the filtrate is concentrated, the residue is dried in vacuo to yield 9.0 g (87%) of the product as a sticky oil, which is used directly in the following acylation reaction. "H NMR (two isomers about 1 : 1.3): 6 4.10-4.18 (m, 1Ha), 3.95-4.00 (m, 1Hb), 3.37-3.41 (m, 1Ha), 3.00-3.05 (m, 1Hb), 2.63 ( br.s, 3Ha+3Hb), 1.42-1.55 (m, 2Ha+1Hb), 1.12-1.24 (m, 6Ha+7Hb).
Acylated aminoalcohols:
Oo
Ry Ry Ci
TY Pyridine, CH,Cl, jew LT 0 Oo
A 250-ml round bottom flask is charged with aminoalcohol (0.02 mol), pyridine (0.04 mol, 1.0 equiv.) and methylene chloride (50 ml). The flask is immersed in an ice-water bath, and benzoyl chloride (0.04 mol, 1.0 equiv.) is added dropwise. After the completion of addition, the flask is warmed up to room temperature, and the mixture is stirred overnight. Upon the completion of reaction monitored by GC, the mixture is diluted with methylene chloride, and washed with water, saturated ammonium chloride, water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, consequently. The solution is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated. The residue is purified by flash column chromatography to yield the product as a colorless oil or white solid. 100125] 'H NMR data is obtained on a Briiker 500 MHz or 400 MHz NMR spectrometer using CDCl; as solvent (in ppm).
[00126] Amide esters produced by the foregoing synthesis are provided in Table 1 below.
: : Table 1
Halogenated Amide Esters (1) 3-benzamido- Yield 88%; 5 8.08 (d, 2H, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.85 (d, 2,2-dimethylpropyl : 2H, J= 8.0 Hz), 7.32-7.62 (m, 6H), 6.99 (t, 1H, benzoate 0 HN J=6.5Hz), 4.23 (s, 2H), 3.38 (d, 2H, J=6.5
Hz), 1.10 (s, 6H).
O Oo (2) 4- NY Yield 71% (two isomers with a ratio about 2.1 to benzamidopentan-2- HN 1); isomer 1: 8 7.96 (dd, 2H, J = 10.5, 2.0 Hz), yl benzoate 0 7.68 (dd, 2H, J = 10.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.24-7.52 (m, 0 0 6H), 6.67 (m, 1H), 5.25-5.34 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.38 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.35 (d, 3H, J=17.5
Hz), 1.27 (d, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz); isomer 2: § 8.05 (dd, 2H, /= 10.5, 2.0 Hz), 7.81 (dd, 2H, J = 10.0, 2.0 Hz), 7.39-7.56 (m, 6H), 6.40 (d, 1H, J =9.5Hz), 5.22 (qt, 1H, J=17.5, 8.0 Hz), 4.28- 4.40 (m, 1H), 2.12 (ddd, 1H, J=17.5,11.0, 17.5
Hz), 1.81 (ddd, 1H, J=17.0, 8.5, 17.5 Hz), 1.44 (d, 3H, J=8.0 Hz), 1.29 (d, 3H, J= 8.5 Hz). 3) 2- Yield 68%; & 7.95 (dd, 2H, J = 10.0, 2.0 Hz), (benzamidomethyl)- 7.67 (dd, 2H, J= 10.0, 2.0 Hz), 7.30-7.55 (m, 2-isopropyl-3- 6H), 6.63 (t, 1H, J= 6.5 Hz), 4.38 (s, 2H), 3.57 methylbutyl O HN (d, 2H, J= 17.5 Hz), 2.06 (heptat, 2H, J= 8.5 benzoate Hz), 1.38-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.04 (d, 12H, J=8.5 0 0 Hz) (4) 2- Yield 71%; & 8.02 (d, 2H, J=9.5 Hz), 7.76 (d, (Benzamidomethyl) - 21, J=9.5 Hz), 7.39-7.60 (im, 6H), 6.84 (4, 1H, -2-isobutyl-4- J=17.5Hz), 4.30 (s, 2H), 3.47 (d, 2H, J= 8.0 methylpentyl Hz), 1.84 (heptat, 2H, J=7.5 Hz), 1.38-1.47 (m, benzoate 4H), 0.96 (d, 12H, J = 8.0 Hz).
O HN
0 0 (5) 3-@4- F. Yield 86.5%; & 8.08-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.90 (m, fluorobenzamido)- h@ > YY F 2H), 7.10-7.18 (m, 4H), 6.95-7.03 (m, 1H), 4.22 2,2-dimethylpropyl NNO HN (s, 2H), 3.35 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 1.09 (s, 6H). 4-fluorobenzoate 0 0 (6) 4-(4- F F Yield 73%, containing two isomers with a ratio
Fluorobenzamido)p NY about 3 to 2; 8 8.06 (dd, 2Ha, J=5.5, 9.0 Hz), entan-2-yl 4- oO HN 7.99 (dd, 2Hb, /=5.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.83 (dd, 2Ha, J fluorobenzonate o 0 =35.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.69 (dd, 2Hb, J = 5.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.01-7.15 (m, 4Ha+4Hb), 6.40 (d, 1Ha, J=9.0
Hz), 6.14 (d, 1Hb, J= 9.0 Hz), 5.20-5.34 (m, 1Hb), 5.18 (dt, 1Ha, J= 6.5, 6.0 Hz), 4.23-4.36 (m, 1Ha + 1Hb), 2.02-2.12 (m, 1Ha + 1Hb), 1.958 (ddd, 1Hb, J = 4.0, 8.0, 15.0 Hz), 1.79 (ddd, 1Ha, J=5.5, 6.5, 14.0 Hz), 1.44 (d, 3Ha, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.41 (d, 3Hb, J= 6.5 Hz), 1.34 (d, 3Hb, J=6.5 Hz), 1.28 (d, 3Ha, J = 6.5 Hz).
: Table 1
Halogenated Amide Esters (continued)
H NMR (CDCl; as solvent (in ppm) (7) 2-(4- Yield 80%; 5 8.04 (dd, 2H, J = 8.5, 5.5 Hz),
Fluorobenzamido)methy F E 7.76 (dd, 2H, J=8.5, 5.5 Hz), 7.12 (dd, 2H, J = 1)-2-isopropyl-3- 8.5, 8.5 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 2H, J = 8.0, 9.0 Hz), methylbutyl 4- O HN 6.52 (t, 1H, J = 6.0 Hz), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.61 (d, fluorobenzoate 0 Oo 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 1.85 (heptat, 2H, J= 7.0 Hz), 1.10 (d, 6H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.09 (d, 6H, J= 7.0
Hz). 8) 2-(4- Yield 64%; & 8.04-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.83 (m,
Fluorobenzamido)methy E 2H), 7.09-7.15 (m, 4H), 6.79 (t, 1H, J=6.5 )-2-isobutyl-4- F | Hz), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.45 (d, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.85 methylpentyl 4- O HN (heptat, 2H, J= 6.5 Hz), 1.38-1.46 (m, 4H), fluorobenzoate 3 0.99 (d, 12H, J= 6.5 Hz). ©) 3-4- cl ci | Yield 80%; 8 8.00 (d, 2H, J= 11.0 Hz), 7.78 (d,
Chlorobenzamido)-2,2- 2H, J=11.0 Hz), 7.45 (d, 2H, J= 11.0 Hz), dimethylpropyl 4- O HN 7.42 (d, 2H, J=11.0 Hz), 6.97 (t, 1H, J= 8.0 chlorobenzoate 0 0 Hz), 4.21 (s, 2H), 3.33 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 1.08 (s, 6H). 10) 2-((4- Yield 80%; 6 7.94 (d, 2H, J= 10.5 Hz), 7.68 (d,
Chlorobenzamido)methy cl cl 2H, J=10.5 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J= 10.5 Hz), )-2-isopropyl-3- 7.39 (d, 2H, J= 10.5 Hz), 6.51 (1, 1H, J= 6.5 methylbutyl 4- O HN Hz), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.60 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.08 chlorobenzoate 0 0 (heptat, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz), 1.09 (d, 6H, J= 8.5
Hz), 1.08 (d, 6H, J = 8.5 Hz). a1) 2<(@4- NY N Yield 65%; 8 7.97 (d, 2H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.73 (d,
Chlorgbenzamido)methy al 2H..7= 18.5 Hz), 7.43 (d, 2H, J= 8.5 Hz), 7.41 1)-2-isobutyl-4- oS Cl | (4, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 6.79 (t, 1H, J= 6.5 Hz), methylpentyl 4- & 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.44 (d, 2H, J= 6.5 Hz), 1.85 chlorobenzoate gq 0 (heptat, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.38-1.46 (mm, 4H), 0.99 (d, 12H, J= 7.0 Hz). 2. Procatalyst Preparation [00iZ7] A procatalyst precursor (according to the weight shown in Table 2) and 2.52 mmol of internal electron donor (i.e., halogenated amide ester) are charged into a flask equipped with mechanical stirring and with bottom filtration. 60 ml of a mixed solvent of
TiCl, and chlorobenzene (1/1 by volume) is introduced into the flask. The mixture is heated to 115°C and remains at the same temperature for 60 minutes with stirring at 250 rpm before filtering off the liquid. 60 ml of mixed solvent is added again and the reaction is allowed to continue at the same desired temperature for 30 minutes with stirring followed by filtration.
This process is repeated once. 70 ml of iso-octane is used to wash the resultant solid at ambient temperature. After the solvent is removed by filtration, the solid is dried by N, flow or under vacuum.
Table 2
Procatalyst Precursor Weight
MagTi-1 (M)
SHAC™ 310 (8S)
[00128] MagTi-1 is a mixed Mag/Ti precursor with a composition of Mg; Ti(OEt)sCl, (a
MagTi precursor prepared according to example 1 in U.S. Patent No. 6,825,146) with an average particle size of 50 micron. SHAC™ 310 is a benzoate-containing catalyst (a
BenMag procatalyst precursor with an average particle size of 27 micron) with ethyl benzoate as the internal electron donor made according to Example 2 in U.S. Patent No. 6,825,146, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Titanium content for each of the resultant procatalyst compositions is listed in Table 3. The peaks for internal donors are assigned according to retention time from GC analysis. No additional characterization is performed.
Table 3 } Procatalyst Compositions
Internal
Electron Procatalyst ~ Pro- " ~ Ethyl .
Donor Frecursor taiatyst # Ti Benzoate Internai Electron Donor %e) *% (%)
MDBP | 209 | 0 12.49
SHAC™310 3 MagTi-1 M-3 3.14 0.17 2.98
SHAC™310
Magri | wma | 310 | ous | sso
SHAC™ 310
Magnil | Ms | 338 | 0 [0 wee
SHAC™ 310
Magri [ms | sor | 0 [mae
SHAC™ 310 , Loomer | m7 | oer | 0 | sim
SHAC™ 310
Mogmil | Ms | 3s | oo [ess
SHAC™ 310
HE | a Tee
Electron Procatalyst Pro- Ethyl
Donor Precursor catalyst # (%) % (%
Cn [we [em [0 | we eee
Cw pew 0 40 Lum
Conemsn | so | se | ow | ew
Ce pm ae Le ue *DiBP = diisobutyl phthalate (comparative)
[00129] 3. Polymerization
[00130] Polymerization is performed in liquid propylene in a 1-gallon autoclave. After conditioning, the reactors are charged with 1375 g of propylene and a targeted amount of hydrogen and brought to 62°C. 0.25 mmol of DCPDMS is added to 7.2 ml of a 0.27 M triethylaluminum solution in isooctane, followed by addition of a 5.0 wt% procatalyst slurry in mineral oil (actual solid weight is indicated in data tables below). The mixture is premixed at ambient temperature for 20 minutes before being injected into the reactor to initiate the polymerization. The premixed catalyst components are flushed into the reactor with isooctane using a high pressure catalyst injection pump. After the exotherm, the temperature is controlled to 67°C. Total polymerization time is 1 hour.
[00131] 4. Polymer Testing
[00132] Polymer samples are tested for settled bulk density, melt flow rate (MFR), xylene solubles (XS), polydispersity index (PDI), and final melting point (Tne). Unless specified,
XS are measured using Viscotek method.
[00133] Halogenation of the amide ester improves catalyst productivity and/or polymer properties for both of the SHAC™ 310 precursor and the MagTi-1 precursor as shown in
Table 4 below.
ols|lale|lalojnivlilel ola ~|w|olalt]ols|o]v en gg [QR [was ie] (daa ISR |x|I |S || w|[=&
EL Isls sails slg =i =| =laldial =] =
Fe [Sins fe | SRS RR jo Ro |{&|~ <+ alo|lole|lalalidlal sla =v] mlala lols |(c]lvlol a
N CHR IN IQ 4000 IF [NN [nN 0 NY |S] 0 nin |mjo |g moda lwo] ot [wl No] |o] |e ~loltltltlslolelsl dalolnlnlolnlslalslnlvn] ln] o gx [aR [q&a (Q]2p [2= ez = |Sg ==] w
Title wm|midn|d|emll nv || dBm nda] FS] NN] = ? E la|alale|s|elalel |= =lein[a|S eine] =
Q Ss tlle] Deen ed] en | t|~]= aD en]er] ni] en 0 [oa ao Th ay An |jonle|~[00]00 | nliss(fwlo|njlao|t|lan ini in] — Nioinls|a(aal alae F|ajalala|ldalala le o clolc|c|clcic|c oclo|olc|lo|lc|cloc|s|locidlcic|a > —
Yon
S oo
A 2% og = | o]=|oles| || oO | =~ wn [| 0 on [3a] <
S 28 |Jdldlg|dlaltlw] |= =| Slo lmlol|2 = ) y | Zn > > 2 2 Rlmlen| |= || =n] | < | = AlN [en [Ten on [5 i 2 ~~ © olo|lolo lit o o < v€ | .7|g|glelg|glglglg] |glelele|elglelgle|elz|glals vo RE ln|o|al2|RifiRg] nn | wld alall inn n[2dR]
BA ~ IF lenitien| ft] =| — | F |= || F~F] = =] = [I Bi f= @ oh > w = = + @» :
[5] Zz .
COL EEISISIS|3|S|BS(E] (BSS |S ss 8] 55s 8]E | SE |[S|S|Sle| SSeS] [2] |x]|x |S |x|w|S|s|E]x]S|S =) & : 7 = a] Bu :
L Bs » yi N— i wv 5 2 : < Li oo —
Sx [ZITISSI2TT 82g 2S igs |2 232 |=] = 2 § SQ Z RZ E [QR 2 En Fn Fi nigidslarg & 2 - £ o 2 ; 2 = * 1% | ® [x lx |% [x wl
Col =a] n|o||o|la|lol =a an
S | Ew |RIEIEIEIBIELIEL 232221252] 2]] 588 3 jam = ) 7 J A 3 C NL 1 1 ) 1 ) 1 1 v ) 1 t 1 1 1 o >] Modif (AREA ERR RH REE" =
B= i. © : =~ oo £ 3 on ~~ ; Bt = o o of o o © o o o o Q = 3 — — — — | —_— — — — — — — & 8 = on on on on | on on on on on on on > =
SE ZIEIZIEIZIE Z(E] |ZB (ZI |Z|8 |=|8 |Z |Z|E |x|8 2
Su |[E|QIEIQI=|IQCIE|IQLTIER| QIEIQIE|[QIEBIQIEIQIE| QE] © —
Sa fw of of of = ap of an on an onl <€ LF
Ru = = < = | & < < = 3 a SIZ|BEe 4
Z| BE BEB 26 Sle 2 g|2 6262628 2nlge & a Sd
Ls 2 2w i Eos
ER : gs8Q sso en S soa 585 — ~ « + || ow ~ e = |Z3xQ = ! = 0
E28 ; 2 ES - = BES - “wo .'lQ
Xe Om * x Mm
[00134] MWD is broadened using halogenated amide esters as internal electron donors compared to conventional DiBP procatalyst. Utilization of a BenMag procatalyst precursor, (i.e., SHAC™ 310), significantly improves the catalyst activity and XS while maintaining a broad MWD for a corresponding EED.
[00135] Procatalysts made from the halogenated amide ester internal donors and SHAC™ 310 precursor show high catalyst activity, lower XS, and higher TMF. Furthermore, the PDI of the resultant polymer is markedly higher that what can be achieved using DCPDMS with the DiBP-based procatalyst.
[00136] 5. External Electron Donor
0 jm (a |© |= en [on fon [i | [in [oo [© [oo eleiglolzizivigigls iv
EG (IX R IL (YIZIn (RING = (x CAP = [TT [0 | [Tf 20 Cs |e Sie le Sa ls |S so | (a Slal=|8 |= |S =a |= |3 |=
He ROE 0 IRE [ov KEI oo =o is Se [Ss Re IE |= — mm fm = = = = = = == —_ fm em em = fm |= = =
S {en © © = 2 2RARRIRRBIRARIZIZBIZCIBIRRERIZXGS < [Ff [nn [on [<F [8 [en ~ [< [00 [00 [|Z [on [on [2 © ~~ {= |Z [6 [0 |x 0 wv) * |* 28 BBLMREBISRREIIRERIRFRRLERERS® IES > fei fen jo |e fen |e =n | hn 8 |B fon oF |S [8 | | je | a j= Jen fe
LE NS i i [0 = [0 = 0 1S {oo Hey eo je | IT a oy oe 8 > AF | | [ed |[<F [6 a [on fen |= [in |< [en |e |e |< [= [2 (dn — |= |S
Q jo
Qo
A a os f= fos |= 0 00 < on [o © oN
TREE ERRREEREER2ESREGERRRSRSR g Clojc|lolcoiCPlo|lc|lc|loco|lcicic|Plo|lc io ic lo |o|o|o|c ic io [a y—
Q
Ry oT pe 52S glgRklRERIRER RRR REI ERE IE © |[8® [NIQ[—|N|— |= |x SRS a Fae FID D FS RQ QR |= g °° o> E [
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[00137] Many EEDs that are not useful with a DiBP-based procatalyst due to low tacticity (high XS) are suitable for use with a halogenated amide ester-based procatalyst.
Surprisingly, the effect of EEDs on the PDI for the halogenated amide ester procatalysts are different than the effect of the same EED when used with a DiBP-based procatalyst. For example, the PDI value for polypropylene produced from DiBP procatalyst using TEOS,
BMMDMH, and TEP as EED is lower than the PDI value for polypropylene produced with
DiBP procatalyst using DCPDMS as EED. In contrast, the PDI value for polypropylene produced from the halogenated amide ester procatalyst using these same EEDs is greater than the PDI value for polypropylene produced with the DiBP procatalyst using DCPDMS as
EED. The effect on XS is also different. The non-alkoxysilane EEDs lead to high XS with the DiBP-based procatalyst, while the same non-alkoxysilane EEDs exhibit low XS with the halogenated amide ester procatalyst (Table 5). Low XS is a basic requirement for many polymer end-use applications. In addition, applicants have surprisingly discovered that
EEDs, in particular, the non-silane EEDs, expand the application potential for the halogenated amide ester catalysts and resultant polymers. As shown in Table 5 above, EEDs may be used to manipulate polymer properties and broaden the property variation range of halogenated amide ester-based procatalysts.
Table 6
Effect of EED/ALA on Catalyst Performance and Polymer Properties for Halogenated
Amide Ester Catalyst ee | a | se ty [wo [oe 3 [7 Bs
HEN EC ET EO A DE lew [on |e [ome [om | wr [5 ow [7] ew on [we Lm own [ao [5 oo [707 lew | ev [mm ay [Uf [2]
Jen [ee | w [Pnme fo| ws [ [ar|oa []
C= MChDMS D= DCPDMS
N=NPTMS IPM= isopropyl myristate
PTES= propyltriethoxysilane TMPnDODBz = 2,2 4-trimethyl- 1, 3-pentanediol Dibenzoate
[00138] Introduction of ALAs into the polymerization reaction enhances process operability by rendering the self-limiting property to the catalyst system. Carboxylate esters,
such as isopropyl myristate (IPM) and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol dibenzoate (TMPnDODBz) are suitable self-limiting agents. When an EED/ALA mixture is used with the halogenated amide ester-based procatalyst, the catalyst shows high catalyst activity and the resultant polymer shows low XS, high PDI, and high Ty (Table 6). EEDs may also be used alone or in combination with an ALA.
[00139] High catalyst activity, low XS, high PDI, and high Tur are obtained using the halogenated amide ester procatalyst with a variety of EEDs alone or in combination with an
ALA.
[00140] It is specifically intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the embodiments and illustrations contained herein, but include modified forms of those embodiments including portions of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments as come within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (1)
- I. A halogenated amide ester having the structure (I): Ri R R4 2 Rs Ra Rg OD yt YT 0 0 wherein R;-R¢ are the same or different, each of Rj-Rg is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen, and an acyclic alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and at least one of Rj-Rg is an acyclic alkyl group; and Ar; and Ar, are the same or different and each of Ar; and Ar, is selected from the group consisting of an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms, and an arylalkyl group having 7-20 carbon atoms, and at least one of Ary and Ar; is halogenated.2. The halogenated amide ester of claim 1 wherein each of Ar; and Ar; is selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a phenanthrenyl group.3. The halogenated amide ester of any of claims 1-2 wherein at least two of R;-Rg are an acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.4. The halogenated amide ester of any of claims 1-3 having the structure (II) Ry Rs re EN Fee (IT Ry1 = °° Ra1 \i) a Tk ~ R12 R22 o 0 R13 Ras wherein at least one of R;;-R;; and at least one of Ry;-Ry3 is a halogen.5. The halogenated amide ester of claim 4 wherein each of Rj; and Ry, is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and fluorine.6. The halogenated amide ester of any of claims 1-5 wherein each of R; and R; is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.7. The halogenated amide ester of any of claims 1-6 wherein each of R3 and Rs is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.8. A procatalyst composition comprising: a combination of a magnesium moiety, a titanium moiety and an internal electron donor comprising a halogenated amide ester.9. The procatalyst composition of claim 8 wherein the halogenated amide ester has the structure (I) Ra Ra R Rs PF Re MD Ary 0 HN Ary TY wherein R;-R¢ are the same or different, each of R;-R¢ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; and Ar; and Ar, are the same or different and each of Ar; and Ar, is selected from the group consisting of an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms and an arylalkyl group having 7- carbon atoms, and at least one of Ary and Ar; is halogenated.10. The procatalyst composition of any of claims 8-9 comprising a benzoate.11. A catalyst composition comprising; a procatalyst composition comprising an internal electron donor comprising a halogenated amide ester; and a cocatalyst.12. The catalyst composition of claim 11 comprising an external electron donor selected from the group consisting of a silicon compound, a bidentate compound, a diether, a diol ester, a carboxylate, an amine, a phosphite, and combinations thereof.13. The catalyst composition of any of claims 11-12 comprising an activity limiting agent selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid ester, a diether, a diol ester, and combinations thereof.14. A process for producing an olefin-based polymer comprising:contacting, under polymerization conditions, an olefin with a catalyst composition comprising a halogenated amide ester; and forming an olefin-based polymer comprising a halogenated amide ester.15. The process of claim 14 wherein the olefin is propylene, the process comprising forming a propylene-based polymer having a polydispersity index from about 5.0 to about20.0.
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US30865410P | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | |
PCT/US2011/026029 WO2011106497A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-24 | Halogenated amide ester and internal electron donor with same |
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JP5779193B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2015-09-16 | ダブリュー・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー−コネチカット | Amide ester internal electrons and methods |
CN104507987B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 沙特基础工业公司 | Carbon monoxide-olefin polymeric for olefinic polymerization |
WO2014102813A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Reliance Industries Limited | Heterogeneous ziegler-natta catalyst system and a process for olefin polymerization using the same |
EA025272B1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-30 | Сауди Бейсик Индастриз Корпорейшн | Process for preparing a catalyst component for polymerization of olefins |
WO2015032939A1 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-12 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins |
EP3083721B1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2019-08-14 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst system for polymerisation of an olefin |
EP3083719B1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-12-19 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst system for polymerization of an olefin |
WO2015091978A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst composition for polymerization of olefins |
US10000591B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-06-19 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst system for polymerization of an olefin |
MX2016008039A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-05-12 | Saudi Basic Ind Corp | Catalyst system for polymerization of an olefin. |
WO2015091984A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Procatalyst for polymerization of olefins |
US10640586B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst system for polymerization of an olefin |
MX2016015770A (en) * | 2014-06-02 | 2017-04-25 | Sabic Global Technologies Bv | Procatalyst for polymerization of olefins comprising a monoester and an amidobenzoate internal donor. |
ES2727145T3 (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2019-10-14 | Basell Poliolefine Italia Srl | Catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins |
WO2017079940A1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | 营口市向阳催化剂有限责任公司 | Catalytic system containing phosphate ester external electron donor for polypropylene polymerization and application thereof |
EP3596135A1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2020-01-22 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Process of making polyolefins |
CN110678441B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-03-31 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | Novel synthesis for preparing dibenzoate compounds such as 4- [ benzoyl (methyl) amino ] pentane-2-yl dibenzoate |
CN112759531B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2023-07-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Novel imine compound and preparation method thereof |
EP4314091A1 (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2024-02-07 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Process for making polypropylene using a selectivity control agent and an activity limiting agent |
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CN1169845C (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2004-10-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Solid catalyst component for olefine polymerization, catalyst with the component and its application |
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US8466081B2 (en) | 2013-06-18 |
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