SG173459A1 - Process for production of glyceride compositions useful as substitutes for fuel oil c - Google Patents
Process for production of glyceride compositions useful as substitutes for fuel oil c Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SG173459A1 SG173459A1 SG2011054202A SG2011054202A SG173459A1 SG 173459 A1 SG173459 A1 SG 173459A1 SG 2011054202 A SG2011054202 A SG 2011054202A SG 2011054202 A SG2011054202 A SG 2011054202A SG 173459 A1 SG173459 A1 SG 173459A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- reaction
- fuel oil
- raw material
- glyceride composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXKTBLXMTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-butanetriol Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)CO YAXKTBLXMTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOJRTGIXWIUBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)(C)CO OOJRTGIXWIUBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/02—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with glycerol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Abstract
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fueloil C substitute that can be used as a fuel for power generation in thermal power stations, etc. The process of the present invention produces a glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute by using a free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol. The process includes a reaction step ofsubjecting a mixture of the raw material and trihydric alcohol to a non-catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C.
Description
Title of Invention: PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF GLYCERIDE
COMPOSITIONS USEFUL AS SUBSTITUTES FOR FUEL OIL C
[0001]
The present invention relates to a process for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute that can be used as a fuel for power generation in thermal power stations, etc.
[0002]
In recent years, global warming due to the increased emission of greenhouse gas {carbon dioxide) has been a matter of concern. Therefore, in light of the concept of carbon neutrality, liquid biomass fuel, whose carbon dioxide emission is lower than fossil fuel (fuel oil C), is being considered for use also in thermal power stations, etc.
[0003]
Vegetable oils, animal oils, vegetable edible waste oils, etc., are currently in use as liquid biomass fuels. However, fuels that contain a large amount of free fatty acid and that : have a high acid value are highly corrosive to carbon steel, and - thus cannot be used in their original form in thermal power : stations.
[0004]
As means for suppressing corrosion, methods for reducing the acid value of fuel by reacting a fatty acid with an alcohol have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
[0005]
Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester (a biodiesel fuel), the method comprising mixing a raw material containing a free fatty acid with an alcohol, and carrying out an esterification reaction under conditions such that the alcohol is in a supercritical state.
[0006]
Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a fatty acid lower alkyl ester by the non-catalytic esterification of a fatty acid with a lower alcohol.
[0007]
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a fatty acid ester (a biodiesel fuel), the method comprising mixing an alcohol with a fatty acid raw material consisting essentially of a free fatty acid, and carrying out an esterification reaction under conditions to put the alcohol into a supercritical state, followed by further esterification in the presence of a solid catalyst, etc., while heating.
[0008]
Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing a glyceride, the method comprising hydrolyzing a raw material oil or fat with an enzyme, and formulating the palmitoleic acid- containing fraction obtained by the hydrolysis, with glycerol and an enzyme, and reacting the glycerol with palmitoleic acid.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3,842,273
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 3,951,832
Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-36817
Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-70486
[0009]
However, the methods disclosed in the above prior art documents have the following problems. Because the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 comprises esterifying a fatty acid using an alcohol in a supercritical state, application of this method on a large scale, such as use in thermal power stations, has been difficult.
[0010]
Because the method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester for use in the food and cosmetic fields, carrying out this method as is on an industrial scale for producing a power-generating fuel has been difficult in terms of cost.
[0011]
The method disclosed in Patent Document 3 uses a catalyst. To meet the quality specifications of fuel for thermal power generation, it is necessary to completely remove the catalyst from the fuel, which is costly. Furthermore, because this method uses an alcohol in a supercritical state, application of this method on an industrial scale has been difficult, similar to Patent Document 1.
[0012]
The method disclosed in Patent Document 4 uses an enzyme, and is thus costly.
[0013]
In view of the above problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute that can be used as a fuel for power generation in thermal power stations, etc.
[0014]
The inventors of the present invention found that a - glyceride composition having an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less can be produced by subjecting a free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol to a non-catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C. As a result of further research based on this finding, the present invention has been accomplished.
[0015]
More specifically, the present invention provides a process for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fuel
Cae oil C substitute; a glyceride composition produced by this process; and a fuel oil C substitute, as itemized below.
[0016]
Item 1. A process for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute by using a free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol, the process comprising a reaction step of subjecting a mixture of the free fatty acid- containing raw material and trihydric alcohol to a non-catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C.
[0017]
Item 2. The process according to Item 1 comprising, before the reaction step, a heating step of preheating the mixture to 50 to. 70°C and then raising the temperature of the mixture to the range of 230 to 250°C at a heating ramp rate of 10 to 30°C/hour.
[0018]
Item 3. The process according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the reaction step comprises an atmospheric pressure reaction step of carrying out the reaction under atmospheric pressure, and a reduced pressure reaction step of carrying out the reaction under reduced pressure.
[0019]
Item 4. The process according to Item 3, wherein the reduced pressure reaction step is carried out while feeding an inert gas into the mixture.
[0020]
Item 5. The process according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein : the fatty acid-containing raw material is a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
[0021]
Item 6. The process according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the trihydric alcohol is glycerol.
[0022] . Item 7. A glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute, which is produced by the process of any one of Items 1 to 6. :
[0023]
Item 8. A fuel oil C substitute comprising the glyceride composition of Item 7.
[0024]
According to the present invention, a process for producing a glyceride composition having an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less on an industrial scale by using a free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol can be provided. The glyceride composition produced by the process of the invention has a low acid value, and is less corrosive to carbon steel. Therefore, this glyceride composition is useful as a fuel oil C substitute that can be used in thermal power stations. The use of a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as the free fatty acid-containing raw material is an effective use of a by-product that is obtained in the process of refining palm oil and that is unsuitable for eating.
[0025] [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating quality verification testing.
Description of the Reference Numerals
[0026] 1: sample 2: rainwater 3: test plate . 4: constant temperature bath
[0027]
The present invention is described below in detail.
[0028]
According to the present invention, a free fatty acid- containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol are used to produce a glyceride composition.
Examples of the free fatty acid-containing raw material include vegetable oils, such as rapeseed oil, sesame 0il, soybean 0il, corn oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, corn oil, and safflower oil; animal oils, such as beef tallow, lard, and fish oil; free fatty acids obtained in the process of refining such oils, free fatty acids obtained in the process of deacidifying such waste cooking oils, etc., free fatty acids separated from yellow grease, etc.
[0030]
The process of the present invention produces a glyceride composition having an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less.
Accordingly, any material that has an acid value of more than 10 mgKOH/g may be used as the raw material. However, in view of the efficient production of glyceride usable as a fuel oil C substitute from a free fatty acid-containing raw material, a raw material containing a free fatty acid in an amount of 70 wt.% or more 1s preferable.
[0031]
The use of a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), which is inevitably produced as a by-product in the process of refining palm oil, is particularly preferable because PFAD is unsuitable for eating and thus poses no concerns regarding competition with food-related applications, and it is also relatively inexpensive.
The palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a mixture of a fatty acid and glyceride, with the main component fatty acid constituting about 80 to 90%, and glyceride constituting about 7 to 15%. The fatty acid contains a Cie-15 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid in an amount of 90% or more. PFAD has an acid value of about 180 to 200 mgKOH/g.
[0032]
Examples of trihydric alcohol include alkane triols having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include glycerol, 1,2,3- butanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol, 2-methyl-2,3,4- propanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, etc., among which glycerol is preferable.
[0033]
Trihydric alcohol may be used in an amount such that the amount of hydroxy groups in the trihydric alcohol is at least one equivalent per equivalent of free carboxyl groups in the free fatty acid-containing raw material. For example, when the free fatty acid-containing raw material is a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and the trihydric alcohol is glycerol, glycerol may be used in an amount of about 10 to 13%, based on the weight of the PFAD.
[0034]
A glyceride composition is produced by carrying out a non-catalytic esterification reaction using the above raw materials. The reaction vessel used to practice the present invention is not particularly limited, inscfar as it is a pressurized vessel capable of supplying heat, which is configured to discharge therefrom water generated by the reaction. For example, vessels with stirrers, tower-type reactors, etc., can be used as reaction vessels.
[0035]
The production process according to the present invention comprises a reaction step in which a mixture of the free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol is subjected to a non-catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C, whereby a glyceride composition with an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less can be produced.
[0036]
Prior to this reaction step, preferably, the mixture of a free fatty acid-containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol is preheated to about 50 to 70°C and then heated to the range of 230 to 250°C at a heating ramp rate of 10 to 30°C/hour.
[0037]
The preheating of the mixture of a free fatty acid- containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol that is fed to the reaction vessel to about 50 to 70°C, and the subsequent heating of the mixture from this temperature to 230 to 250°C, which is the reaction temperature range, at a heating ramp rate of 10 to 30°C per hour, make it possible to suppress the evaporation of a trihydric alcohol that generally occurs with the evaporation of water generated by the esterification reaction (hereinafter referred to as “generated water”).
[0038]
In the heating step, the heating ramp rate does not have to be constant insofar as it is in the range of 10 to 30°C/hour. Heating at a constant ramp rate is also possible.
When the mixture is heated at a constant ramp rate, the same ramp rate may be used until it reaches the reaction temperature, or the ramp rate may be changed during the heating. This step is preferably completed in about 8 to 12 hours.
[0039]
In this step, a non-catalytic esterification reaction occurs between the free fatty acid and trihydric alcohol. To suppress the evaporation of the trihydric alcohol with the evaporation of water generated by an esterification reaction (hereinafter also referred to as “generated water”), the heating step is preferably carried out under atmospheric pressure. To promote the esterification reaction, the mixture of the free fatty acid-containing raw material and trihydric alcohol may be stirred. During the heating step, an esterification reaction between the free fatty acid and trihydric alcohol proceeds, and the resulting reaction mixture has a low acid value of about 20 to 30 mgKOH/g.
[0040]
Thereafter, the reaction mixture is subjected to a non- catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C. A reaction temperature lower than 230°C results in a slow reaction rate, which is impractical. A reaction temperature higher than 250°C tends to evaporate the trihydric alcohol at the early stage of the reaction and cause thermal deterioration of the generated glyceride. The reaction temperature may change within the range
-0 : of 230 to 250°C. Alternatively, the reaction may be performed while the reaction temperature is controlled to be constant.
[0041]
This reaction step preferably comprises an atmospheric pressure reaction step in which the reaction is carried out under atmospheric pressure, and a reduced pressure reaction step in which the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure.
[0042]
In the atmospheric pressure reaction step, an esterification reaction is carried out under atmospheric pressure.
Due to the esterification reaction under atmospheric pressure, the reaction is allowed to proceed while suppressing the evaporation of trihydric alcohol with the evaporation of generated water. In this step, the reaction time is about 2 to 6 hours.
[0043]
Subsequent to the atmospheric pressure reaction step, a reduced pressure reaction step is carried out. The reaction under reduced pressure makes it easy to remove generated water and promotes the esterification reaction. In this step, the reaction time is about 6 to 8 hours. The reduced pressure (absolute pressure) during the depressurization is preferably about 0.02 to 0.07 MPa (200 to 500 Torr). During the reduced pressure reaction, inert gas is preferably injected into a mixture from a lower portion of a reaction vessel because it promotes the esterification reaction and shortens the reaction time. Examples of inert gas include nitrogen gas, neon gas, argon gas, and xenon gas. The amount of inert gas injected may be about 3 m>/h. When the reduced pressure reaction step is completed, the reaction mixture has an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less.
[0044]
After completion of the esterification reaction, the pressure is returned to atmospheric pressure in the presence of inert gas, and the produced glyceride composition is cooled to about 80°C at atmospheric pressure.
[0045]
The esterification reaction at a high temperature of 230 to 250°C makes it possible to produce a glyceride composition having an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less, without the need for using a catalyst.
[0046] :
The glyceride composition obtained by the production process of the present invention.contains a triglyceride as the main component and further contains a diglyceride, a monoglyceride, an unreacted free fatty acid, etc.
[0047]
When the fatty acid is a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and the trihydric alcohol is glycerol, a glyceride composition containing about 75% triglyceride, about 15% diglyceride, and about 2% monoglyceride can be obtained.
[0048]
This glyceride composition has an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less, and is less corrosive to carbon steel. Therefore, the glyceride composition is useful as a fuel oil C substitute : 20 that can be used in thermal power stations. Furthermore, the fuel oil C substitute comprising this glyceride composition is an environmentally friendly biomass fuel, and therefore can reduce
CO, emission, compared to fossil fuel (fuel oil C).
[0049]
Specific examples of the present invention (Examples) are given below. However, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto or thereby. The chemical composition analysis was performed by gas chromatography using a GC-2010 [DB-lht capillary column (J&W Scientific; 0.25 mm x 5 m)] produced by Shimadzu Corporation. The physical properties of fuel oils were determined by the following methods: (1) Density: measured according to JIS K2249 (2) Gross calorific value: measured according to JIS K2279
(3) Kinematic viscosity: measured according to JIS K2283 (4) Pour point: measured according to JIS K2269 (5) Flash point: measured according to JIS K2265 (6) Sulfur content: measured according to JIS K2541 (7) Nitrogen content: measured according to JIS K2609 (8) Ash content: measured according to JIS K2272 (9) Water content: measured according to JIS K2275 (10) Residual carbon content: measured according to JIS K2270 ’ (11) Salt content: measured according to JIS K2601 (12) Sodium: measured according to JIS K0116 (13) Vanadium: measured according to JIS K0116 (14) Acid value: measured according to the standard fats and oils analysis test method 2.3.1 established by Japan 0il Chemists’
Society (15) Sediment mass: measured according to ISO 10307. (Example 1)
A 30-m’ pressure vessel equipped with a stirring device and having an inlet on the upper portion thereof for feeding a raw material was used as the reaction vessel. An independent condenser was connected to the upper portion of the reaction vessel via a pipe and installed as a partial condenser. The temperature of the condenser used as the partial condenser was controlled by using a heat medium. The reaction water condensed by the partial condenser was stored in a receiver disposed on the bottom of the condenser.
[0050]
As a fatty acid, 19,188 kg of a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) (produced by CAROTINO (Malaysia), Lot No. 2117) was used; and 2,200 kg of glycerol (produced by NATOLEO (Malaysia), Lot No. G80423-5, glycerol concentration: 98%) was used as a trihydric alcohol. The free fatty acid in the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) contained 48.0% palmitic acid, 4.4% stearic acid, and 35.4% oleic acid. The PFAD had an acid value of 192.1 mgKOH/g.
These materials were placed into the reaction vessel and preheated to 60°C, and then subjected to a non-catalytic esterification reaction under the following conditions:
Temperature (°C) Pressure Time (hours) 60 — 170 Atmospheric pressure 4 170 — 240 Atmospheric pressure 6 240 Atmospheric pressure 2 240 Reduced pressure 8
The reduced pressure (absolute pressure) during the depressurization was 0.067 MPa (500 Torr) for the first 4 hours from the beginning of depressurization, and then was 0.027 MPa (200 Torr) for the second 4 hours. During the depressurization, nitrogen gas was injected from a lower portion of the reaction vessel (at a rate of 3 m/h).
[0052]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C to provide 20,000 kg of a glyceride composition (yield: 99.9%). The obtained glyceride composition contained 74.5% triglyceride, 16.8% diglyceride, and 2.0% monoglyceride.
Table 1 shows the basic properties of the obtained glyceride composition and the basic specifications of fuel oil for power generation.
[Table 1]
Item (unit) Example 1 Basic specifications of fuel oil for power generation bensity (g/cc) 0.5111
Gross calorific value 39.18 > 42.70 (50°C) (MJ/kg)
Kinematic viscosity (mm/s) 5 to 190
Pour point (°C)
Flash point (°C)
Sulfur content (wt$%) 0.0012
Nitrogen content (wt%) Less than 0.01
Ash content (wt%) Less than 0.003
Water content (wt$%)
Residual carbon content 0.25 < 10 (Wt%)
Salt content (ppm) Less than 3
Sodiam (opm)
Vanadium (ppm) Less than 1
Acid value (mgKOH/q) Less than 8 Not specified
[0054]
The results of Table 1 indicate that the basic properties of the glyceride composition obtained in Example 1 approximately satisfy the basic specifications of fuel oil for power generation. Although the gross calorific value of this glyceride composition is lower than that of fuel oil for power generation, the composition has sufficient properties for use as a fuel oil C substitute. Therefore, the glyceride composition obtained in Example 1 is considered to have no flammability problem.
[0055] <Quality verification test>
Three samples, i.e., the glyceride composition obtained in the above Example 1 (Example 1); a mixed oil consisting of 50 wt.% of the glyceride composition obtained in Example 1 and 50 wt.% of a mixed crude oil (containing Rabi crude oil, etc.) (Comparative Example 1); and a mixed crude oil (containing Rabi crude oil, etc.) (Comparative Example 2), were subjected to a quality verification test. In the test, their corrosion and long-
~14- term storage stability were evaluated in the following manner.
When a fuel tank is filled with fuel oil, corrosion is most likely to occur on the inner surface of the tank, particularly at the interface between gas and oil on the inner surface of a tank not having a corrosion—resistant structure. Accordingly, the lower half of a test plate was immersed in a sample and maintained in that state for a long period of time, after which corrosion and long-term storage stability were evaluated. Fig. 1 shows an outline of the test.
[0056] -
As shown in Fig. 1, rainwater 2 (25 ml) was added to a sample 1 (500 ml); and a test plate 3 of carbon steel SS400 (approximately 4.3 g; approximately 20 mm long x 10 mm wide x 3 mm thick) was half-immersed in the sample 1 and maintained in that state for 500 or 1,000 hours. The test was carried out in a constant temperature bath 4 maintained at 60°C.
[0057] (1) Corrosion assessment .
Corrosion was evaluated based on the mass loss and the erosion rate after 500 and 1,000 hours of immersion.
[0058]
The erosion rate was calculated according to the following equation:
Annual average erosion rate (mm) =
Mass loss (g) x 365 x 10
Contact area (cm”) x Number of days of immersion x Density of the test plate (g/cm?)
[0059]
The erosion rate was evaluated as having “passed” when “less than 0.05 mm/yr (having corrosion resistance)” according to the corrosion resistance evaluation standards of “Corrosion Data
Survey” established by NACE (National Corrosion Engineers
Standards) was satisfied.
[0060]
Table 2 shows the results.
[0061] [Table 2]
Immersion time Sample Storage temperature 60°C
Mass loss (mg) Erosion rate (mm/yr) 500 hours Example 1 0.002
Comparative 0.20 0.001
Example 1
Comparative 0.35 0.002
Example 2 1,000 hours Example 1 0.001
Comparative 0.35 0.001
Example 1
Comparative 0.35 0.001
Example 2
[0062]
The results of Table 2 show that the mass loss after 500 hours of immersion and that after 1,000 hours of immersion in the sample of Example 1 were both equivalent to those in the samples of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The erosion rate was much lower than 0.05 mm/yr, i.e., the evaluation standard, in all the samples under any conditions, and was thus evaluated as having “passed”. These results confirmed that the glyceride composition obtained in Example 1 has no corrosion problem in storage for 1,000 hours or less. Furthermore, no pitting corrosion was observed.
[0063] (2) Long-term storage stability
The acid value, sediment mass, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, and pour point of each sample before testing and after 500 hours and 1,000 hours of immersion were measured.
Table 3 shows the results.
~16- yb olo oO on o olo o 55 0 of] . al» . of . og © olo wn oN 0 own wn
Ag, mim ™ nim ™ nm ™
H oo oO <tr> Oo NO <r | oN hax [un oN Ov ~ <tr [00 <t oO @ MH O(N Ln ON |v < 0 Ln
ELE on |< << on |< << |< ~ 0
OU > pir ~
HS Rio ~ < — © NO oO g 9&1" ao Ni ln [om oo 2 ON . mle . <<] . 00 Eine wn alo © — {oy 0 -~
Ny Pp
OU > . oH =H 5 0o|~ r~ <t| oy © 10 ma 5 — ol ~~ ol
To 2 — {mM . N | . <t 000 EN NN NH Nn NH “rH
Xb +o & oo te =m ml = ele g oo oO olo o olo o =a ojo Oo olo Oo olo oO
Oo E ViVv Vv Viv Vv Viv Vv wn on o $= «ln |= ols | |e oo 450 0 |O ~N oN |< oN mo ~N < 8% wl lo [ole o |o|« o g 0] © SO © O QO > > > > > > i o =H Ad NH eH NH HH —- +L + 2 2 PD LD 0, lm OC VOW OW VOW Ow O = lelideeEesinelit as 3 seElgn|ses|elsles|es . KO XO XIX[O X[O XI XO X|O X
HOO EEO KUOMKEO DUE a 0 oO + “ — [9] 3 “= QO oO oO
Er Sop Oc Oo 0m 0H le] oO YH
E 4“ 0 oO o 3
QC (@] ~ O
H m tn — CG : © 1S — 0 3 ™ | OR ™ ©
O49 YH 215 8 on E & = o o — HI Oo
[0065]
The results of Table 3 show that no remarkable property changes were observed in any of the samples after 500 hours and 1,000 hours. The results confirmed that the quality of the glyceride composition obtained in Example 1 is stable over a long period of time.
Claims (8)
- — 1 8 —_ CLAIMS[Claim 1] A process for producing a glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C substitute by using a free fatty acid- containing raw material and a trihydric alcohol, the process comprising a reaction step of subjecting a mixture of the free fatty acid-containing raw material and trihydric alcohol to a non-catalytic esterification reaction at 230 to 250°C.
- [Claim 2] The process according to claim 1 comprising, before the reaction step, a heating step of preheating the mixture to 50 to 70°C and then raising the temperature of the mixture to the range of 230 to 250°C at a heating ramp rate of 10 to 30°C/hour.
- [Claim 3] The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction step comprises an atmospheric pressure reaction step of carrying out the reaction under atmospheric pressure, and a reduced pressure reaction step of carrying out the reaction under reduced pressure.
- [Claim 4] The process according to claim 3, wherein the reduced pressure reaction step is carried out while feeding an inert gas into the mixture.
- [Claim 5] The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fatty acid-containing raw material is a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
- [Claim 6] The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the trihydric alcohol is glycerol.
- [Claim 7] A glyceride composition for use as a fuel oil C : substitute, which is produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 6.
- [Claim 8] A fuel oil C substitute comprising the glyceride composition of claim 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/053508 WO2010097920A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2009-02-26 | Process for production of glyceride compositions useful as substitutes for fuel oil c |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SG173459A1 true SG173459A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
Family
ID=42665147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG2011054202A SG173459A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2009-02-26 | Process for production of glyceride compositions useful as substitutes for fuel oil c |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5452582B2 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG173459A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010097920A1 (en) |
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| JP5744696B2 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2015-07-08 | バイオ燃料技研工業株式会社 | Method for producing liquid fuel, liquid fuel produced by the production method, and A fuel oil alternative fuel composition comprising the liquid fuel |
| WO2021154004A1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | 주식회사 한국발보린 | Synthetic vegetable oil, environment-friendly flame-retardant hydraulic oil composition comprising same, and preparation method therefor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5142071A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1992-08-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Selective esterification of long chain fatty acid monoglycerides with medium chain fatty acids |
| DE102006019763B4 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-04-09 | Wulfenia Beteiligungs Gmbh | Process for the recovery of fuels from vegetable and animal fat waste and plant for carrying out the process |
-
2009
- 2009-02-26 WO PCT/JP2009/053508 patent/WO2010097920A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-02-26 SG SG2011054202A patent/SG173459A1/en unknown
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| WO2010097920A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
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