SE543139C2 - Use of a thermoplastic elastomer composition for additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Use of a thermoplastic elastomer composition for additive manufacturing

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Publication number
SE543139C2
SE543139C2 SE1930013A SE1930013A SE543139C2 SE 543139 C2 SE543139 C2 SE 543139C2 SE 1930013 A SE1930013 A SE 1930013A SE 1930013 A SE1930013 A SE 1930013A SE 543139 C2 SE543139 C2 SE 543139C2
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Sweden
Prior art keywords
weight
tpu
range
composition according
parts per
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Application number
SE1930013A
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Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE1930013A1 (en
Inventor
Magnus Kokko
Martin Olofsson
Vanessa Maurin
Original Assignee
Ingevity Uk Ltd
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Application filed by Ingevity Uk Ltd filed Critical Ingevity Uk Ltd
Priority to SE1930013A priority Critical patent/SE543139C2/en
Publication of SE1930013A1 publication Critical patent/SE1930013A1/en
Publication of SE543139C2 publication Critical patent/SE543139C2/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

Use of a thermoplastic elastomer composition in additive manufacturing wherein said composition comprises;a) 10 - 80 parts per weight of a polyester selected from the group consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) with a weight average molecular weight in the range 35.000 Mw -120.000 Mw, andb) 10 - 90 parts per weight of a TPU with a weight average molecular weight in the range 20.000 Mw - 150.000 Mw and a Shore A hardness in the range 30 - 100, wherein said polycaprolactone and said TPU is compounded and pelletized or extruded into a filament.

Description

.ÜVSE OF A 'FHI-IRÉVIÜPLASÉÉC ELASTTHt-“íI-IR COíYIPÜiS ITIÜN FÜR ADDYílEX-'E NBKNUFACT" URJNG 'line present inventtioii refers to the Lise of a therniciplastic elastoniei' cnntposititiit coinptisiiig ai polyester and n thennoplastic urethane in ndditive mnnntiacturing.
FÅílšilliï ÜF 'TI-IE ÉNVEBTTION ßxtltlitixfe iniinutncttirixtg has lieeii known in the iniclnstryf for several decades and has primarily'been ttsed ns a inethtod 'for creating visual three dímetisioinail nprcitotjypes in the fleitelopnteiitprocess. "finns »vas inaele possible tltrongli eomptitei' nssisted three Liiinensiontil clesigii wiltichcould, be used for gnidirtg the manutiiettiring pttveess. Early in the tlevtaltipiiiierit t§t"tl'1isteclintaltigy; LJX/»curing inoiiorners ivere used and cinfefl, leiyet' izpon layer, 'ny means of n LJLVlaser, until the prototype Was fully totnietl. :line ptoibleins vtfitli this early* technology' vifas thatthe prototypen were rather brittle and that the time for tåtbticatiifig thetn Was v-ery long. Thebrittleziess problem ltas itiipiftiiffetl signitieatttly :iver the years, bnt is still a prohlenft. The longtimes needed 'for tfebrieatliiig reinains. The time eonsuinlfititiii can to some extent be scïilved by*iricteasing the tliiclaness of each layer, ide. tíeoreasirig the resolution. The physical appearanceof such a. product ivill hoiveifer leave sometltiiig to he tiesirecl.
The gïeztt :advantage with additii-'e :manufacturing is that the pintínctitiii cost »villhe the sanne, regardless if you matintncture one product of thousands of them. This iæ-'illprovide e great tlexibility in production since the bal/site tinly difference between tive tiiffeirentprodiicts is di gital itttbnnnticiii. The inatteriiil and production rnaohilne is the sanne. In practice,the coinpeting technologies are inetitotis such ns inj ectittii intiultiing. For this technoilogy' oneintill iieed n iiiould and n inciultliiig inachiiie. The disatix-'aiittage vvith injection mottldiiilg; is than the inxfestnieiit in a. inoulci is rathet lngh :titel tliat it takes itnnnths to titnznititetute a monicl. One wili riccordingíy :have to fprodiicc a significant ainoniit rifidentic-z-il »garoducts rising iiijcctiofiiiioulcliiig tecliririlrigy' to reach a reaisonnble price per part. in aclditive m iiniiiiicrtiiriiig the problem tlie ripposite. 'file cost tor riesigningrLe, creating the digital three diineiisiririisil reiidítifin, wiil he the same regardless of vvhetlieradciitive niz-.iiiiiiiictirrifng or iiijectiofi :iioulclririg is used. ln ariditiifc manufacturing you can startiiihrícsrtiiig inimecliiitely as jfon »vill iiot has-ie to »vxeiit for the .mould to be :nade You Willziccorfdingíjyf liave the first product ax-failaiile inonths befrire the iiijection moulding nlteiiiative.Secondly you will rioi liave to iiwest in the rather expenisiwfe inoulai. The riiszirliraiitzige isliovvei-'er theit, vi-fliile cycle tirnes, ~the tiirie for ofzibriceiting; one prochict, is caicnlatcri inniínntes, or in some cases even piairts ofminutes for injection irioulding technology, thecrirresifiriiirliiig cych: *time for additive iiiariiifacturirig is calculated in hours and eifen days.'There xvill accorrlingiy' be '<1 liarcakcifcii point, ia. point in iiuiiihcrs ritiirleiitical productsfahriczitcd vvliere it is economicallry' viahle to choose iiijectioii monldiiig over .zicíditixrenianuihcturing. A siinilar lireakei-'eiii iioint can the calculated ibr the time iiecde<ïi to produce asei: n timber of products. Here orie niust con si fier the itinie iieerierl for set up aind line timing ofthe production appiarzitiis taking into consideration the time rieederl to iàlnriczite a inculd. in theiiij ection inouldiiiig, exaniïnle. The letter is inne: ofieii calcuiated in inonths.
Still, the cost per part is on the hi gh end side for iirodiicts created throughadditive iiianufactiiriiig. One iriaiii reason is the ivrig cycle time. A èpmblein is tliat customershas-fc heconie used to the cost and clurabilityf* ošfirijectilíni nioulrieri inriss produced parts andadclitive nianuiäcturing Will hzwe iirolvleins to cclinpete ixfitlfi tliis. The iiegatixife iieatiire withinjection inoulding is the lack crf flexihilityr -to custoirrise thr índividiiril ricsires. liuscd Filznncrit Falïfricaiiriii (FFF) iilsri “lirioiii-fii as lïuscrl [Dcpcsítiori lvloiilriiiig(Fíöh/ïlihf) is perhaps the ifastest tcclmrzlrigif today when it conies to priiitirig siieefls. 'liorxifexfeig the surface iiroiaerties are in iiiiost czises not acceptabic for consumer goocis. "Ehn rnecliaiiiciil DJ properties :tre still not at a lievel titalciiig *products :lut-table enriuglt tor iiiore 'timotitiiizil parts.Here the niost cointnriiily Ltserl iiioterials are iiolylaetie 'acid (PLA) and zioiryltiiiitrile-btitaidiene-Sty-t *rie ie-o-polytiner (A BS) supplied in tilaroeiits.litjeetioii nioulclirtg, extrosioii and eastiiig ofthenii-tiplostic elastoniers is well knoviii in cases tifhere pi'otliict.s liai-firig elastie properties is tiesireici. Tlietrinoplastie oretliaiies(TFiF) is o ii-'elbknowifri :mil iïirtietieal example ofeiziistic, rti-iabier like inziterials used foriiroilueing articles. lt is otieoiii-se ciesirable to be able to produce products ivith elastícprogierties ziiso through :means ofattditiife iriariiifaetiitiiig. There are however a iionnber oflitnitaticiris as TPU is very' cliffieiilt to pi-iieess in printers tor additive 'tntiritititeturing eopeeial lythose fed ii-'itli *tilamenti ln both fitametit and pelletfgziaiiiilate led printers low printing speedis reeornnientied in tirder to obtaiti aecetatalvle iirint results. Sroetiriiig anti deltitniiiatioii ti-*eilas taoor aesthetic properties are iifell-kntiiifri end restilts. 'Plírese iioor ptintiiig *results irioretiset-vitli the softness of the 'YPU selected aind irraxis in the technology area is that grades 'beloviifSliore A 80 'will not be possible to use. 'lliere is of course ti need find o desire to increase the(ititiiiit, -tliat is sltoiti-:niiig cycle times, in aidtiitiii-*e iiioiitifzietiiriiig ivith rnaintaiiiedf, eietfeptolileor ei-'eii iniproi-ferí resolution, -tlie resolution being the perlíiaps iïiost iroportaiitï iizirt of thepliysictfil tippearance of tlie product., has been a probieni. ie. iieliiewfiiig the desired rnecliaitiiealproperties of products vi-*itlioiit affecting or even itinprriifiiig the physical or .aesthetie zippeiirtiriee as iii/ell as iiutptit also tor elostotiierie pi'ciiitiets.
Sïlilviišli-ÅRY' UF THE .fäcerirtiiiiglpg tlie inixentioii refcrs to the use of 21 'tiiiieiriiiopltistie tfltisttiiner coinpositioii iniiddítive inaniofoetiitiiig *vi-*liereíti said etioipositioii crinipirises; a) lü - St) parts lier iii-eight ofa piilyester selected front tlie group eonsistíiig of 4 pøljy-fcaprolactnnc (PCL) wfith a *weight axfcrage naølc-:clraïar »vw-sight in the rraxxge 350% Tvšw- 1291300 ÃW-rrr and raoíylactic acíö (PLA) vvítll a ufeigíït znferaaga :rnolecušfzr mffrigluï in the: rangf:50,000 Nííw 'ISÛIIÜÜ NLU and conwbínations thcrfzørl and b) '10 - 90 Jparrts per weighí crf a TPU »wfiâh aw~weig11ta\«'er'age rnfxšecrxlw- *uvsighi in 'the range20.000 ívíw ~~ lšüiflflf) MW and a ššihore A hardness in the range 30 ~ 100, x-vherein said polyßsïflr and said "FFU is cornporuïderl :wird pellelfizeai or extrudcd irïtn a fïlzïrnant.
The therrrxorßïaxstíc ešastozïïßr' cmnposition suítablyf further cønïprise (bíšíï -- paris per xveíght curhctzïcíccax1ošc arcíå, ethylerwe bis srearzlrxxriaie or a conxbírxatioxï thcrervffl In accordance *vviïh one a.rnb0<šin1e11r rvftšw i11vc11tíøn1ïhe tï1e1':nop1astic elastmïwer cumpositionfurther cmnpríses i 2G 'pafls per “weight m” a perrbnxïance addítíve cornpositíoïï selectedrfmzn the group cnnsšsting mf; Caífßg, mic-a, tašcmn, drrvlornite, starsfch, aluznínirxrfïwr tñhyfdratc and cmxxb_inatí<1z1.s thsrmf.
The períbrinancc acïsíitix-*e advarrtagsrauslyf partšcífis with an axferagef particïe size in the mange 50min » 50mm The perfbnnance addiïive .is suitabíy dríecl to a »Xfaïer content bslouf 406 ppm bsfore conrpouzrding.
The t11e1'nnopïz1stš.c ešastomer ccmwposiïiozfx can zadvantagec)usïjy ffurtïaer' cornpríse l ~ 201121115per vohnne of rnicrosgvlreres having an :EA-fara diarnetcr in the range 5021111 ~ 5034111. These znícrïwsgvlxeres car: partíy' of conlplateiyf relalace the perfor'rrïancc acídíthfe :iefscríbßrfí :above-_ “fhe thermrzrulastic eíastørxzer' ßornposítion nxay further connrafisfa på gïnxznts or crßlrsraxxts in rvrder tu movicie aefithetíc p1npa112íes.
In vet a fufleheex' cnnbeáirnent the tš1ee1::r1e_1astie elastmnarr earn :winsitiavn :nav eønf: Jfffise (LUS 5J _, parts per 'w-'eigšut of graphene, graphyne of graphdíyne. in 'aceordanee wvith ene specíaí en111oLïi1ï1ent<"1:*"t1'1e ínvention 'the TPU 'ae cíieeleserl .in SE18333363 'ntiïized in the ïlaemugvgziastíe elasqtzänaex' fewfthe present ínaae11ti«:>n. Said TÃFIÅ Ls :fbereaction product ef: a) .Ai ïeaet ene bšoek efmelyïner QíÜAJB-.A type, having an average nurneer rnoieeulaxfweight' from IUOO to 59% grnel, said bšeek cop013ßrner being the reaeïšen pifoduct Uf apeíy(z1lky1e11e auxide) clioï and a cychc laetone of eyfclic ether, seíd gaeïjx(alky'lene Lvxicíe) dielbeing presenet in the range 30 - 70 Wt % of the total zwwleeuïax' »weight of the block eopewlyiïxex':vad that said eyeíie lazemn-e er eyclíe ether is present in the range 30 ~ 70 *Wi “šfšà of the totalmolecular weight øšfïl1eïašc>ek cøïïaošfyfxner, and., h) At ieast ene díiseeyanate, and, e) ifiöptíoneæíšy; om: die! of díamiiwle chain extender having a rnoIc-:cxzleaf weight from 60 te600,said reacâiduet being 'formed in the abeenee eifpíaæstieizes* by reaction AL B) axxd C) inen NCQOH meíar mtie avffrenx (3311 to 2:3.
The above TPU is zadwfaxxtaageoxss, as creysïalíízïatícwn in pïmx' art :materials vvífl renfíer itczmïbersfnne to fixuí 'and set print parameters used for the printing process in the adfíitivemanuíë1eturírxg. A material that changes properties me^er tim e, like tšxe herein diseíesed ee1111pefa1ti\= J .peeífcïc nïateriafiis. With the eernposítiavn according to the present inventícna, sïarlcïarclizecíítarinting pauexïzeteie~ will be possible and setup Lirnes can be mininaized at âhe same tínxe as printed resuïts xxfiíl beeeme nlore reliabïe 'and moi beatezule händer over tíxne. 6 The ïaošjycstexz-TPU ratio is suitabhf caxlculzxtßci fiorn T P11 shore A hardness 11111111761' (fw), 1111:: nïoi-:cuklr mfeighi' (a) offïhe pobfester, 2111:11 the zamouxuvt of per'_íi>x'zïnanafs additixfe (ß) in xx-'cigjlat *É--féà where-hy., polyfsstsr presence in parts 100 and. TPU presence in parts > 1 1 anc1<í xp +-((3.()0(11 a) + ß.
Enibodšinient flxanapies A series of trízfls awíhfire pertfofrxïed x~f11er1cthcmmphxstic Lufthansa (TPIJ) kväva ccnnpcjurlcleol »with poíyczigraïïxlzæctcrnc (PCÉL) ina1ccorf1z1x1cc wíïh ïab1e 1. 'fïeibie 1,Examplc IJCI; PCL TPU TPU Tensiíe Strain at' EløngationMoi by Show “åfb by 011 strength break at break»veíglat vvßíght A vveíugšzt printed (NIPa) (NíPa) (MPa)szunplf:1 501100 25 S5 *) 75 55 17.1 16.5 13372 SÜAOUÜ 75 85 *) 25 94 30 29.3 1,5003 50.009 11 25 v? i 75 so 1114.: 13.3 9% szmoo 75 77 125 9? 32.4 31.5 16775 50.000 10 77 *Ü 90 = 66 15.3 15 1451cs 50.000 40 ss 6G 89 23.6 23.0 1 m7 q 591100 o" 94 :m s? 21 9 606 f) TPU type 1* *) "FPLT type 2-) comparathfe h; 11:15 .accordíng1y' been showvn that it indeefl is pavssšblf: to :achieve soñez* 'dastfnners than Show A 81). 111 nu: írials "we x-xfere 21111: to achieve 'pïfíntßd avbjezzts xvith Shorc: A. harcïness as ___] kina-f as and (Sö. B/ïnxrcox-'ezg »ve were also able: to radícalíyfin1proxfe mcchauaicavl prøpertícs such as Strain ai brfiak and elrmgaïícwn at" break.
Trials were also perfíinwnecl with differexït prinïíxïg spceds and vas found thai printing specdsccyaxlci indeeci be incrsasscí 'awíthout adx-ferse effflcts s-Lxch as dcfla1nínaíio11, :so-ca lie-så stríngingand síxnem-iziíg. Và/'e also Ubserx-feai a radical irvaprnxfexfnent of the 'aesthetic pnaçzertâes ewmfn fat higher printing specds as compared to thf: coxïnyaarísfßlz exznïrxplf: 7.

Claims (7)

1.
2. Use of a therrnoplastic elastomer composition in additive manufacturing wherein saidcomposition comprises; a) 10 - 80 parts per weight of a polycaprolactone (PCL) with a weight averagemolecular weight in the range 35.000 MW - 120.000 MW, and b) 10 - 90 parts per weight of a therrnoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a weightaverage molecular weight in the range 20.000 MW - 150.000 MW and a Shore Ahardness in the range 30 - 100, wherein said polycaprolactone and said TPU is compounded and pelletized or extruded into a filament.
3. Use of a composition according to claim 1, Wherein the therrnoplastic elastomercomposition further comprises 0.05 - 2 parts per weight of octadecanoic acid, ethylene bis stearamide or a combination thereof.
4. Use of a composition according to claim 1 or 2 Wherein the therrnoplastic elastomercomposition further comprises 1 - 20 parts per weight of a performance additivecomposition selected from the group consisting of; CaCOg, mica, talcum, dolomite, starch, aluminium trihydrate and combinations thereof.
5. Use of a composition according to claim 3 Wherein the performance additive are particles with an average particle size in the range 50mn - 50um.
6. Use of a composition according to claim 3 Wherein the perfonnance additive is dried to a water content below 400 ppm before compounding. 96. Use of a composition according to claims 1 or 2 Wherein the thermoplastic elastomercomposition further comprises 1 - 20 parts per volume of microspheres having an average diameter in the range 50nm - 50um.
7. Use of a composition according to claim 1 Wherein the polycaprolactone/TPU ratio iscalculated from TPU shore A hardness number (ip), the molecular weight (s) of thepolycaprolactone, and the amount of performance additive (ß) in weight % Wherein,polycaprolactone presence in parts is 100 and TPU presence in parts > 11 and < xp +(o.ooo1 X s) + ß.
SE1930013A 2019-01-14 2019-01-14 Use of a thermoplastic elastomer composition for additive manufacturing SE543139C2 (en)

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SE543139C2 true SE543139C2 (en) 2020-10-13

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