SE542111C2 - Alcohol-Water Mixture-Operated Hybrid Turbofan Engine - Google Patents

Abstract

An alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan engine 1 in Figs.1 and 2 consists of an inner steam turbine 7 which exhaust steam-vapor burns (instead condenses) into combustion gas-steam which after driving an outer gas turbine 8 and cooling with water becomes gas-steam of bigger mass and in a higher proportion than air/combustion gases from a conventional turbofan what increases thrust from engines of aircrafts and hovercrafts operating on the output temperature 100-120°C.A squirrel-cage rotor-superheater 3 of an induction motor/generator 2, which during slips against the rotational magnetic field of AC current created in the stator’s windings 6w from an AC network at start and own generation thereafter, produces heat by induction which heats alcohol-water mixture inside the rotor’s cavities 4 producing superheated steam-vapor which drives the inner turbine 7 becoming exhausted steam-vapor which is mixed with air burning and driving the outer turbine 8. The inner and outer turbine 7, 8 and a fan 9 are mounted to the rotatable stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2.

Description

Alcohol-Water Mixture-Operated Hybrid Turbofan Engine Technical field The invention is related to superheaters, electrical motors/generators and steam/gas turbines, and more particularly, to alcohol-water water injection systems, squirrel cage motors of induction motors/generators or asynchronous motor/generator, alcohol-water engines, A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle), multi-stage superheaters, and steam or/and gas turbines.

Background Art According to prior state of art “alcohol-water water injection systems use a mixture of water and alcohol (often close to 50/50), with trace amounts of water-soluble oil. The water provides the primary cooling effect due to its great density and high heat absorption properties. The alcohol is combustible, and also serves as an antifreeze for the water. The main purpose of the oil is to prevent corrosion of water injection and fuel system components; it may also assist in engine lubrication when running in a high power state. Because the alcohol mixed into the injection solution is often methanol (CH30H), the system is known as methanol-water injection, or MW50...

Water injection has been used in both reciprocating and turbine aircraft engines. When used in a turbine engine, the effects are similar, except that normally preventing detonation is not the primary goal. Water is normally injected either at the compressor inlet or in the diffuser just before the combustion chambers. Adding water increases the mass being accelerated out of the engine, increasing thrust, but it also serves to cool the turbines. Since temperature is normally the limiting factor in turbine engine performance at low altitudes, the cooling effect allows the engine to be run at higher RPM with more fuel injected and more thrust created without overheating.

As a general rule, the fuel mixture is set at full rich on an aircraft engine when running it at high power settings (such as during takeoff). The extra fuel does not bum; its only purpose is to evaporate to absorb heat. This uses fuel faster and also decreases the efficiency of the combustion process. By using water injection, the cooling effect of the water allows the fuel mixture to be run leaner at its maximum power setting”. (source Wikipedia) “Ethanol was commonly used as fuel in early bipropellant rocket (liquid propelled) vehicles, in conjunction with an oxidizer such as liquid oxygen. The German V-2 rocket of World War II, credited with beginning the space age, used ethanol, mixed with 25% of water to reduce the combustion chamber temperature. The V-2's design team helped develop U.S. rockets following World War II, including the ethanol-fueled Redstone rocket, which launched the first U.S. satellite.

Alcohols fell into general disuse as more efficient rocket fuels were developed.

Small holes also permitted some alcohol to escape directly into the combustion chamber, forming a cooled boundary layer that further protected the wall of the chamber, especially at the throat where the chamber was narrowest”, (source Quora) According to prior state of art “squirrel cage motors are the most commonly used induction motors, but the main drawback in them is their poor starting torque due to low rotor resistance. (Starting torque is directly proportional to the rotor resistance). But increasing the rotor resistance for improving starting torque is not advisory as it will reduce the efficiency of the motor (due to more copper loss). One can not even add external resistance for starting of purposes, as the rotor bars are permanently short circuited. These drawbacks are removed by a double squirrel cage motor, which has high starting torque without sacrificing efficiency.

Rotor of a double squirrel cage motor has two independent cages on the same rotor. The figure at left shows the cross sectional diagram of a double squirrel cage rotor.

Bars of high resistance and low reactance are placed in the outer cage, and bars of low resistance and high reactance are placed in the inner cage. The outer cage has high 'reactance to resistance ratio ' whereas, the inner cage has low 'reactance to resistance ratio'. Working Of Double Squirrel Cage Motor At starting of the motor, frequency of induced emf is high because of large slip (slip = frequency of rotor emf / supply frequency). Hence the reactance of inner cage (2nfL where, f = frequency of rotor emf) will be very high, increasing its total impedance. Hence at starting most of the current flows through outer cage despite its large resistance (as total impedance is lower than the inner cage). This will not affect the outer cage because of its low reactance. And because of the large resistance of outer cage starting torque will be large.

As speed of the motor increases, slip decreases, and hence the rotor frequency decreases. In this case, the reactance of inner cage will be low, and most of the current will flow through the inner cage which is having low resistance. Hence giving a good efficiency.

When the double cage motor is running at normal speed, frequency of the rotor emf is so low that the reactance of both cages is negligible. The two cages being connected in parallel, the combined resistance is lower).” (source By Kiran Daware AC Machines, Induction Motor) “Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday's law of induction. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field. They can be induced within nearby stationary conductors by a time-varying magnetic field created by an AC electromagnet or transformer, for example, or by relative motion between a magnet and a nearby conductor. The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material.

By Lenz's law, an eddy current creates a magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field that created it, and thus eddy currents react back on the source of the magnetic field.

For example, a nearby conductive surface will exert a drag force on a moving magnet that opposes its motion, due to eddy currents induced in the surface by the moving magnetic field. This effect is employed in eddy current brakes which are used to stop rotating power tools quickly when they are turned off The current flowing through the resistance of the conductor also dissipates energy as heat in the material. Thus eddy currents are a cause of energy loss in alternating current (AC) inductors, transformers, electric motors and generators, and other AC machinery, requiring special construction such as laminated magnetic cores or ferrite cores to minimize them. Eddy currents are also used to heat objects in induction heating furnaces and equipment, and to detect cracks and flaws in metal parts using eddy-current testing instruments”, (source Wikipedia) “A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube that is pinched in the middle, making a carefully balanced, asymmetric hourglass shape. It is used to accelerate a hot, pressurized gas passing through it to a higher supersonic speed in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the heat energy of the flow into kinetic energy. Because of this, the nozzle is widely used in some types of steam turbines and rocket engine nozzles. It also sees use in supersonic jet engines. ...“The Venturi tube provides a handy method for mixing fluids or gases, .”.(source Wikipedia) According to prior state of art “jet-engine thrust is governed by the general principle of mass flow rate. Thrust depends on two things: the velocity of the exhaust gas and the mass of that gas. A jet engine can produce more thrust by either accelerating the gas to a higher velocity or by having a greater mass of gas exit the engine. Designing a basic turbojet engine around the second principle produces the turbofan engine, which creates slower gas but more of it. Turbofans are highly fuel efficient and can deliver high thrust for long periods, but the design trade-off is a large size relative to the power output. To generate increased power with a more compact engine for short periods, an engine requires an afterburner. The afterburner increases thrust primarily by accelerating the exhaust gas to a higher velocity. While the mass of the fuel added to the exhaust does contribute to an increase in exhaust mass, this effect is negligible compared to the increase in exhaust velocity.”(source Wikipedia) According to prior state of art “ about 25 percent of the air actually takes part in the combustion process. The gases that result from the combustion have temperatures of 3500 degree F. Before entering the turbine, the gases must be cooled to approximately half this value, up to the design of turbine materials involved. Cooling is done by diluting the hot gases with secondary air that enters through a set of relative large holes located toward the rear of the liner.

Only approximately 25 percent of the air passing through the engine is consumed by the combustion. The remainder or 75 percent, of the air is capable of supporting additional combustion if more fuel is added. The resultant increase in the temperature and velocity of gases therefore boosts engine thrust.

Most afterburners will produce an approximately 50 percent more thrust. Afterburning or "hot" operation or "reheating " is used only for a time limited operation of takeoff, climb, and maximum burst speed'. Source http://www.thaitechnics.com/engine/engine_construction.html According to prior state of art “the steam turbine operates on basic principles of thermodynamics using the part 3-4 of the Rankine cycle shown in the adjoining diagram. Superheated steam (or dry saturated steam, depending on application) leaves the boiler at high temperature and high pressure.

At entry to the turbine, the steam gains kinetic energy by passing through a nozzle (a fixed nozzle in an impulse type turbine or the fixed blades in a reaction type turbine). When the steam leaves the nozzle it is moving at high velocity towards the blades of the turbine rotor. A force is created on the blades due to the pressure of the vapor on the blades causing them to move. A generator or other such device can be placed on the shaft, and the energy that was in the steam can now be stored and used. The steam leaves the turbine as a saturated vapor (or liquid-vapor mix depending on application) at a lower temperature and pressure than it entered with and is sent to the condenser to be cooled. [25] The first law enables us to find an formula for the rate at which work is developed per unit mass.” Source Wikipedia “ Steam turbines rotate in the currents caused by the hot water vapor. They form part of a closed water cycle in which water condenses and is then heated until it evaporates again. Steam turbines therefore do not come into contact with the fuel deployed and work at temperatures between 500 and 650 °C. Several steam turbines are often arranged in a row so that - configured for high, medium and low pressure - they are able to optimally convert the respective steam pressure into rotational movement.

Gas turbines on the other hand rotate directly in the hot combustion gases. With temperatures up to 1500 °C, these gases are much hotter than those in steam turbines. For this reason the blades are cooled with air that flows out of small openings and creates a “protective film” between the exhaust gases and the blades. Without cooling, the blade material would quickly wear out.” Source http://kraftwerkforschung.info/en/quickinfo/basic-concepts/the-difference-between-steam-and-gas-t urbines/ According to prior state of art “the efficiency of a heat engine, the fraction of input heat energy that can be converted to useful work, is limited by the temperature difference between the heat entering the engine and the exhaust heat leaving the engine.

In a thermal power station, water is the working medium. High pressure steam requires strong, bulky components. High temperatures require expensive alloys made from nickel or cobalt, rather than inexpensive steel. These alloys limit practical steam temperatures to 655 °C while the lower temperature of a steam plant is fixed by the temperature of the cooling water. With these limits, a steam plant has a fixed upper efficiency of 35% to 42%. An open circuit gas turbine cycle has a compressor, a combustor and a turbine.

For gas turbines the amount of metal that must withstand the high temperatures and pressures is small, and lower quantities of expensive materials can be used. In this type of cycle, the input temperature to the turbine (the firing temperature), is relatively high (900 to 1,400 °C).

The output temperature of the flue gas is also high (450 to 650 °C). This is therefore high enough to provide heat for a second cycle which uses steam as the working fluid (a Rankine cycle).

In a combined cycle power plant, the heat of the gas turbine's exhaust is used to generate steam by passing it through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with a live steam temperature between 420 and 580 °C. The condenser of the Rankine cycle is usually cooled by water from a lake, river, sea or cooling towers. This temperature can be as low as 15 °C. Combined cycle”. Source Wikipedia According to prior state of art “induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents (also called Foucault currents). An induction heater consists of an electromagnet, and an electronic oscillator that passes a high-frequency alternating current (AC) through the electromagnet. The rapidly alternating magnetic field penetrates the object, generating electric currents inside the conductor called eddy currents. The eddy currents flowing through the resistance of the material heat it by Joule heating. In ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials like iron, heat may also be generated by magnetic hysteresis losses. The frequency of current used depends on the object size, material type, coupling (between the work coil and the object to be heated) and the penetration depth.

An important feature of the induction heating process is that the heal is generated inside the object itself, instead of by an external heat source via heat conduction. Thus objects can be heated very rapidly. In addition there need not be any external contact, which can be important where contamination is an issue”. Source Wikipedia The design of an impeller/turbine in the invention has some similarity with the rotor in the Rotary machine in UK Patent application 2 039 626A.

Disclosure of the Invention Problems and solutions in a general, which are relevant to the invention, are given in the Background Art suggesting problems which should be solved.

The invention uses some drawbacks in some devices mentioned under the Background Art, for example, an eddy current created in the steel core and resistance produced in conductors of a squirrel-cage rotor for production of heat needed for creation of steam to be converted into motive power or/and propulsion power.

The invention also use a principle of operation of alcohol- water water injection systems and A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) for designing multi-stage superheaters.

A main technical problem which the invention solves consists of a question: How to design a turbofan engine which creates an input temperature between 420-580 °C without using any external heat source or/and gas turbine or/and coil/tube superheater and an output temperature between 100-120°C without any condenser simultaneously increasing mass of exhaust gases and increasing a proportion of higher mass exhaust gases in the total exhaust gases in order to increase thrust and efficiency and reduce weight of components in contrast to a conventional turbofan/gas turbine? The invention is designed to have a much less bulky and less heavy superheaters without using long tubular coils or tubes in a boiler/combustion chamber with or without any condensers for providing efficient generation of superheated working fluid for driving steam turbines and simultaneous usage exhaust working fluid for burning and driving gas turbines during generation of electric, motive or/and propulsion power.

Beside those advantages, the invention provides some other technical advantages in contrast to squirrel-cage rotors and stators of conventional induction motors/generators, as follows.

The squirrel-cage rotor ( acting as a heat exchanger) and windings on the stator of an induction motor/generator of the invention are cooled more efficiently and their waste heat is more efficiently used in contrast to squirrel-cage rotors and stators of conventional induction motors/generators.

The squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor/generator of the invention is capable to rotate at much lower speed or at much higher speed than the speed of rotation of magnetic field of mono or three-phases AC current without any danger to bum because cavities hollowed out in the steel core of the rotor are sprayed with alcohol-water mixture as a working fluid which cools the rotor generating a superheated working fluid.

The squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor/generator of the invention is capable to convert a low speed rotation into a high speed rotation without a gearbox and to generate AC current of high frequency due to superheated working fluid which drives blades of a steam or/and gas turbine at higher speed than the speed of rotation of magnetic field of AC current from the AC network.

The squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor/generator of the invention rotates in one direction while the stator of the induction motor/generator having a steam or/and gas turbine and an air fan, rotates in the opposite direction and therefore the relative speed between the rotor and the stator can be doubled when the rotor rotates at maximum speed and when the stator rotates at maximum speed in the opposite direction preventing vibration.

In the solid steel core of the single or double cage rotor, the invention can incorporate an extra inner cage having bars of high resistance and low reactance in order to increase the rotor resistance to the induced current and therefore to create heat. The rotor core of the invention can be made of a solid steel instead of steel laminations with or without a cage in order to increase the resistance of the rotor for creating heat which heats the working fluid which drives the steam turbine.

In contrast to conventional steam turbines the superheater of the invention, which generates superheated working fluid due to heat developed by AC current in the squirrel-cage rotor, supplies the steam turbine of the invention with the superheated working fluid which drives the blades of the inner steam turbine becoming exhausted working fluid.

Instead that exhaust steam is condensed to be reheated and used again, such exhausted working fluid which contains some portion of alcohol (ethanol/methanol) as combustible material from the start, is mixed with air and ignited to bum and to drive the blades of gas outer turbine.

The blades in the front section of the inner and outer turbine of the double-stage turbine of the invention form a combustion chamber of the invention. The blades of the inner turbine can be driven by superheated steam richer with alcohol supplied from a superheater while the blades of outer turbine can be simultaneously driven with combustion gases-steam obtained by burning exhaust steam-vapor coming from the inner turbine.

In another alternative, the blades in the front section of the inner and outer turbine of the double-stage turbine can be driven by superheated pure steam which is generated by a superheater from water. In this case, the blades of the inner turbine can be sprayed with the working fluid richer with alcohol (as a combustible material having the temperature of surroundings) which cools the blades of the outer turbine evaporating just before combustion and before creation of high temperature reducing the temperature in the combustion chamber formed between the blades of inner and outer turbine avoiding deformation of the blades and enabling the outer turbine to operate as a gas turbine.

When a conventional turbofan runs at high power settings (such as during takeoff), the extra alcohol-water mixture fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber does not bum; its only purpose is to evaporate to absorb heat. This uses fuel faster and also decreases the efficiency of the combustion process.

The invention solves such problem with injection of water or alcohol- water mixture on the rest of the blades which extend from the front section of the inner and outer turbine of the double-stage turbine forming a back section of the inner and outer turbine of the double-stage turbine which acts as a centrifugal pump or air compressor/fan with the purpose to cool the blades and evaporate absorbing heat.

When the blades of inner turbine in the back section of the double-stage turbine are sprayed with alcohol-water mixture, a round plate which divides the front and back section of the double-stage turbine can be perforated below the combustion chamber formed in the front section between the inner and outer turbine of the double-stage turbine and therefore alcohol-water mixture can enter into the combustion chamber and bum.

Summary of the invention Alcohol-water mixture injection has been used in both conventional reciprocating and turbine aircraft engines. The extra alcohol-water mixture as a fuel does not bum; its only purpose is to evaporate to absorb heat. This uses fuel faster and also decreases the efficiency of the combustion process. In contrast to it, the invention enables that the extra alcohol- water mixture as a fuel bums after its evaporation and cooling is done providing a more efficient engine especially suitable for an aircraft.

In a general a conventional steam engine has a similar efficiency as a conventional gas turbine. A steam engine of the invention operates on much lower temperature (like a conventional steam engine) it is an advantage in contrast to the conventional gas turbine. But, the conventional steam engine has bulky and heavy components what it is a disadvantage in contrast to the conventional gas turbine especially those intended to be used for aircrafts and therefore the conventional steam engine can not be used for aircrafts In contrast to it, the invention has much lighter coil-less superheater for generation of superheated steam for driving a steam turbine.

Because of the coil-less superheater of the invention, alcohol-water mixture as a fuel operates at much lower temperature in which alcohol acts similar to water producing powerful vapor for driving blades of turbine instead to bum like in a conventional gas turbine. After driving the turbine such vapor becomes exhausted and bums when the turbine of the invention acts as a gas turbine operating at much lower temperature due to an additional role of the produced vapor-steam in contrast to the gas turbine (which can not work on such low temperature).

The conventional fuel in conventional engines during burning produces small portion of steam in contrast to the portion of carbon dioxide and other gases. In contrast to it, the exhaust alcohol-water mixture during burning in the invention produces very large portion of steam which has bigger mass than carbon dioxide and other gases and which increases the mass being accelerated out of the engine, increasing thrust providing a more efficient engine especially suitable for engines for aircrafts.

An axial power driven turbine has been used in aircraft engines in spite of that such type of turbine has disadvantage in contrast to the centrifugal type driven turbine. The invention enables that a centrifugal type driven turbine can be used in aircraft engines instead of the axial type turbine.

Brief Description of Drawings Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in sections of a squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor/generator and an inner and outer turbine of an engine according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan in section along line II-II of Figure 1, according to one of embodiments of the invention. A D-nozzle of the stationary casing is shown on the left side of Fig.2. A skirt of a hovercraft is shown on the right side of Fig.2 Figure 3 is a plan in section of an extra superheater along line II-II of Figure 1 according to the invention which is positioned between an induction motor/generator and a turbine as integral part of a turbofan engine.

Detailed description of the invention 1. The below mentioned components (which are mentioned in Claim 1 also) form an evaporator/superheater 20 which is incorporated in the rotor 3 of an induction motor/generator 2 and an inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 of a double-stage centrifugal turbine which altogether form an alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan 9 engine 1 as one of embodiments of the invention.

An alcohol- water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan 9 engine 1 according to Fig.l comprising: a rotor 3 of an induction motor/generator 2; a tubular shaft 5; a stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2; a casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2; an inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 of a double-stage turbine; a perforated/telescopic cylinder 37; a steam chamber 18 or combustion chamber 19; an air fan 9; an outer casing 10; a cylindrical passage 25; a cylindrical stationary casing 11; a front tank 12 for working fluid; a back tank 13 for working fluid; a number of outlet nozzles 14f; and a number of outlet nozzles 14b.

The rotor 3 of an induction motor/generator 2 consists of a cylindrical metal core with a squirrel-cage 3c in it having a number of inner sections 3 s extended toward the axis of the rotor 3 which form a number of cylindrical or CD-shaped cavities 4 between the side front and back cover of the rotor 3 which incorporate the side front and back ring plate of the squirrel-cage 3c.

The tubular shaft 5 is axially mounted to the squirrel-cage rotor 3 through the side front and back cover of the rotor 3 and forms ring passages 3p between cavities 4 in the rotor 3 and inner ends of inner sections inside the rotor 3. A front section 5f and a back section 5b of the tubular shaft 5 are formed on sides of a plug mounted inside the tubular shaft 5.

The stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 which poles 6p are wound with windings 6w which are connected to an AC network.

The casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 which side front round cover and its side back round cover are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3.

The inner and outer turbine of double-stage turbine consists of front sections of inner and outer impeller/turbine 7f, 8f which backward-curved centrifugal blades 7a, 8a are extended and divided with a solid middle plate forming back sections of inner and outer impeller/turbine 7b, 8b rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3.

The solid back cover which is mounted on the ends of blades of the back sections of inner and outer impeller/turbine 7b, 8b and which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3.

The solid front cover which is mounted on the ends of blades of the front section of inner impeller/turbine 7b and which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3 and which can be mounted to the round back cover of the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2.

The perforated/telescopic cylinder 37 which forms a number of gaps 37g is incorporated in the space between the blades of inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 and its solid front plate-cover and the solid back plate-cover.

A steam chamber 18 or combustion chamber 19 as a cylindrical space which is formed between the blades of the outer impeller/turbine 8 and the perforated/telescopic cylinder 37 in the front section of the outer impeller/turbine 8.

The air fan 9 having a centrifugal impeller which round plate is mounted to the front side of the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2.

The outer casing 10 which front part is mounted to the ring plate on ends of blades of the impeller of the air fan 9 and which back part is mounted to the ring plate on ends of blades of the outer impeller/turbine 8.

The cylindrical passage 25 is formed between the outer casing 10 and the the casing 6c of the stator 6.

The cylindrical stationary casing 11 radial arms on its front and back opening at its axis supports the rotatable or immobile tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3 and which surrounds the outer casing 10 and the blades of the outer impeller/turbine 8 changing direction of exhaust gases ejected from the outer impeller/turbine 8 propelling the engine forward.

The front tank 12 for working fluid is coupled through an inner coupling pipe 16 to the inlet opening of the front section 5f of the tubular shaft 5.

The back tank 13 for working fluid is coupled through an inner coupling pipe 16 to the inlet opening of the back section 5b of the tubular shaft 5.

The number of outlet nozzles 14f are mounted on the front section 5f of the tubular shaft 5 which are inside cavities 4 in the the rotor 3 for spraying inner sections 3 s of the the rotor 3 with working fluid coming from the front tank 12 having working fluid through a pump 15 and coupling pipe 16.

The number of outlet nozzles 14b are mounted on the back section 5b of the tubular shaft 5 which are inside the space between blades of the back section 7b of the inner impeller/turbine 7 for spraying and cooling blades of the inner impeller/turbine 7 along whole length of each solid blade with the working fluid from the back tank 13 containing working fluid or/and air.

The rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2, which cylindrical core incorporates a single or double squirrel-cage 3c, acts as an evaporator/superheater 20 when its cylindrical or CD-shaped cavities 4 between the inner sections 3 s are supplied and sprayed with the working fluid from the front tank 12 through outlet nozzles 14 on the front section 5f of the tubular shaft 5 which are inside the rotor 3, and when the the squirrel-cage 3c in the rotor 3 rotates slower as a motor or faster as a generator relative to the rotational magnetic field which is produced in the windings 6w on the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 by alternating current which is supplied from the AC network or other AC source.

The blades 7a in the back section 7b of the inner impeller/turbine 7 act as a centrifugal fan or pump or injector when the squirrel-cage 3c in the rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 rotates making vacuum and sucking the working fluid from the back tank 13 or/snd air from outside through outlet nozzles 14 which are mounted on the back section 5b of the tubular shaft 5 which are inside the space between the blades 7a of the back section 7b of the inner impeller/turbine 7.

The working fluid from the back tank 13 or/and air spraying the blades 7a of the back section 7b and cools the rest of blades 7a of the inner impeller/turbine 7 in the front section 7f simultaneously evaporating into steam in the back section 7b which drives the blades 8a of the outer impeller/turbine 8 in its back section 8b. 2. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan 9 engine 1 in addition to comprising the following components: a middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5; a number of outlet tangential nozzles 17; a steam chamber 18; and a combustion chamber 19 or steam chamber (which are mentioned in Claim 2 also).

The middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5 is positioned between the front section 5f and the back section 5b of the tubular shaft 5 separated with plugs which small part with an inlet opening is inside cavities 4 of the rotor 3 for conducting superheated working fluid from the rotor 3 while the rest is inside the space of the front section 7f of the inner impeller/turbine 7 and its blades 7a.

A number of outlet tangential nozzles 17 are mounted on the middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5 inside the space of the front section 7f of the inner impeller/turbine 7 and its blades 7a for conducting superheated steam of working fluid from the rotor 3 into the space between blades 7a of the inner impeller/turbine 7 for driving the impeller/turbine 7.

A steam chamber 18 is formed in the round space between the blades 7a of the front section 7f of the inner impeller/turbine 7.

The combustion chamber 19 or steam chamber is formed in the ring space between the blades 7a, 8a of the inner and outer centrifugal impeller/turbine 7, 8.

The above mentioned components form one of embodiments of the invention, which front cover of the inner impeller/turbine 7 is mounted to the cover of the back side of the casing of rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 and therefore the rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 operates as a superheater which generates the superheated working fluid which drives the inner impeller/turbine 7 directly and the outer impeller/turbine 8 through combustion gases and steam.

The backward-curved blades 7a of the front section 7f of the inner impeller/turbine 7 are driven by the superheated working fluid coming from the outlet tangential nozzles 17 mounted on the middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5 inside the space of the front section 7f of the inner impeller/turbine 7 which are supplied with the superheated working fluid from the rotor 3 through the inlet opening on the small part of middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5 which is extended into the cavities 4 of the rotor 3 partly replacing the front section 5f of the tubular shaft 5. 3. The below mentioned components (which are mentioned in Claim 3 also) form an extra evaporator/superheater 20 which is incorporated between the rotor 3 of an induction motor/generator 2 and the inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 which altogether form an alcohol- water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan 9 engine 1 as another embodiment of the invention for increasing the power of the engine.

The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan 9 engine 1 in addition to comprising: a superheater 20 according to Fig.3; a perforated/telescopic casing 38 of the superheater 20; a first middle section 5a of the tubular shaft 5; a second middle section 5 s of the tubular shaft 5; a combustion chamber 21 of the superheater 20; and a cylindrical-shaped passage 35; The superheater 20 consisting of a number of CD-nozzles 22 each one inserted into another one through its telescopic-shaped rims and positioned between a front D-nozzle 22f and a back C-nozzle 22b which are mounted and sealed to the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2.

The cylindrical-shaped perforated/telescopic casing 38 of the superheater 20 which front side cover is mounted to the cover of the back side of the casing of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 while the back side cover of its casing 38 is mounted to the front cover of the inner impeller/turbine 7.

The first middle section 5a of the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 which small part having an inlet inside the cavities 4 of rotor 3 while the rest of that section having outlet nozzles 14 inside the cavities 4 of CD-nozzles 22 of the superheater 20 conducting steam-vapor of working fluid from the rotor 3 into the superheater 20.

The second middle section 5s of the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 which small part having an inlet inside the superheater 20 while the rest of that section having outlet nozzles 14 inside the front section of the inner impeller/turbine 7 conducting superheated steam-vapor of working fluid from the superheater 20 into the space of blades of the front section 7f of the the inner impeller/turbine 7 driving the impeller/turbine 7.

The combustion chamber 21 of the superheater 20 which is formed in the ring space between the superheater 20 and the cylindrical perforated/telescopic casing 38 of the superheater 20.

The cylindrical-shaped passage 35 between outer casing 10 and the cylindrical perforated/telescopic casing 38 of the superheater 20 which supplies air into the combustion chamber 21 of the superheater 20 and into the combustion chamber 19 or steam chamber which is formed in the ring space between the blades 7a, 8a of the inner and outer centrifugal impeller/turbine 7, 8.

The extra superheater 20 can operate as an independent superheater when it is supplied with vapor of working fluid from any evaporator or boiler.

The superheater 20 which casing 38 is incorporated between the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 and the front cover of the inner impeller/turbine 7 consists of a number of CD-nozzles 22 each one inserted into another one through its telescopic-shaped rims and positioned between a front D-nozzle 22f and a back C-nozzle 22b which are mounted and sealed to the extended part of the tubular shaft 5 of the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2. 4.-6. The below mentioned components (which are mentioned in Claim 4-6 also) as the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 and the outer casing 10, which are coupled together through blades of the air fan 9 and blades of the inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 mounted on their round plates, are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2.

The brushes 27 which connect an AC network with slip rings 26 mounted to a front tube 6f of the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3.

In one variation the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 through its tubular shaft 5 is immobile in the stationary casing 11.

In another variation the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 through its tubular shaft 5 is rotatably mounted to the radial arms of the stationary casing 11 rotating inside the stator 6 casing of the induction motor/generator 2.

The superheater 20 which is mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor is through the tubular shaft 5 rotatably mounted to the radial arms of the stationary casing 11 rotating inside the casing of the superheater 20.

In one variation a D-nozzle 28 of the stationary casing 11 is mounted to the back part of the stationary casing 11 for directing exhaust gases and steam from an engine of an aircraft, rocket, or airship. As usually the outer part of the D-nozzle 28 is exposed to very low temperature at high altitude, it can cause freezing of water steam which is ejected with carbon dioxide from the turbofan of the invention.

Electric wire conductors incorporated in the D-nozzle 28 can control freezing enabling that condensed water is ejected from the D-nozzle 28 increasing thrust due to bigger mass than combustion gases.

In another variation a flexible skirt 29 which is mounted to the back part of the stationary casing 11 surrounding the outer impeller/turbine 8 forming an engine of a hovercraft.

A part of hot air/combustion gases which is ejected from the outer impeller/turbine 8 and rejected from the ground is returned into the air fan 9 through the passage between the stationary casing 11 and the outer casing 10. Such hot air/combustion gases is reheated in the combustion chamber between blades in the front section of the inner and outer impeller/turbine 7, 8 and acting as a lifting gas especially if it passes through an external ring-shape balloon.

Another part of hot air/combustion gases which is ejected from the outer impeller/turbine 8 and redirected toward the ground by the flexible skirt 29 or D-nozzle 28 is sucked by the blades of inner turbine in its back section acting as a centrifugal fan/compressor producing vacuum between its blades. At same time the blades of inner turbine accelerate and eject such hot air/combustion gases toward the blades of outer turbine in its back section which also acts as a centrifugal fan/compressor producing vacuum between its blades. Simultaneously the blades of outer turbine accelerate and eject such hot air/combustion gases toward the flexible skirt 29 or D-nozzle 28 which redirect it toward the ground building pressure increasing thrust.

In one variation a propeller 30 of airplane, helicopter, boat, vessel or submarine which is mounted outside the engine on the front part of rotatable tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2. As the stator 6 and the rotor 3 rotate in the opposite direction each to other the propeller 30 rotates at lower speed avoiding mechanical gear box for reduction of speed and its speed can be controlled through changing frequency of AC which supplies the stator’s winding. 7.The invention preferably comprising an inner extra squirrel cage 31 which bars 31 b of high resistance are incorporated in the rotor 3 core of a single or double-cage squirrel rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2.

A number of holes through the inner cylindrical or CD-shaped sections 3 s are made parallely to the axis in order to speed evaporation and accelerate heating of the working fluid.

The bars 31b of high resistance of the inner extra squirrel cage 31 which are incorporated in the core of the rotor 3 of the single or double squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 act as a heating element powered on induced current due to slip relative to the rotating magnetic field of AC current from the AC network heating the working fluid inside the cavities 4 of the rotor 3 generating superheated working fluid and evaporating cooling the core of the rotor 3. 8. The invention preferably comprising an extra generator 32 which stator 32s having poles 32p wound with windings 32w is mounted to the front inner part of the casing 6c of the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2. A permanent magnet rotor 33 is mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2. An electrical wire connection 34 connects windings 6w, 32w of stator 6s, 32s of the induction motor/generator 2 and the extra generator 32.

The permanent magnet rotor 33 of the extra generator 32 mounted on the tubular shaft 5 extending from the squirrel-cage rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 generates AC current in the windings 32w on the stator 32s of the extra generator 32 on the casing 6c of the stator 6 supplying the windings 6w on the stator 6s of the induction motor/generator 2 instead of AC current from the AC network through the electrical wire connection 34. 9.1n one embodiment of the invention the alcohol-water mixture preferably with 25%-75% ethanol or methanol with the rest of water as the working fluid is inside the front tank 12.

Water or an alcohol-water mixture or/and air/oxygen as the working fluid is inside the back tank 13, The immobile or rotatable rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 of the engine 1 in its cavities 4 heats the alcohol- water mixture coming from the front tank 12 by induction during operation of the engine 1 as a motor or generator generating superheated steam-vapor richer with alcohol which reacts with the backward-curved blades in the front section 7f of the inner centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 7 driving such impeller/turbine 7 heating the blades becoming exhaust steam of lower temperature and pressure.

The exhaust steam-vapor richer with combustible alcohol is mixed with air in the space between the blades 7a, 8a of the inner and outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 7, 8 burning and creating combustion gases-steam which drive the blades 8a of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine 8 if the rotor 3 is immobile or rotatable.

At the same time the blades 7a of the back section 7b of the inner centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 7 suck in water or alcohol- water mixture from the back tank 13 or/and air which cool the rest of blades in the front section 7f evaporating into steam which drives the blades of the back section 8b of the outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 8. .1? another embodiment of the invention the alcohol-water mixture preferably with 25%-75% ethanol or methanol with the rest of water in the working fluid is inside the front tank 12, Water or an alcohol-water mixture or/and air/oxygen as the working fluid inside the back tank 13, The rotatable rotor 3 of the induction motor/generator 2 of the engine 1 in its cavities 4 heats alcohol-water mixture coming from the front tank 12 by induction during operation of the engine 1 as a motor or generator generating superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture richer with alcohol.

The superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture enters into the cavities 4 of the superheater 20 from which it partly flows through the middle section 5m of the tubular shaft 5 extending from the rotor 3 into the front section 7f of the impeller/turbine 7 while the rest through the ring ejecting gap 23 flows into the combustion chamber 21 of the superheater 20 where is mixed with air burning and heating the CD-nozzles 22 increasing the temperature and pressure of the superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture inside the superheater 20.

The superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water of the highest temperature is ejected from the superheater 20 toward the backward-curved blades in the front section 7f of the inner centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 7 causing rotation of the rotor 3 and the stator 6 of the induction motor/generator 2 with their components in the opposite direction each to other becoming exhaust steam of lower temperature and pressure heating the blades of the impeller/turbine 7, 8.

The exhaust steam-vapor richer with combustible alcohol is mixed with air in the combustion chamber 19 between the blades 8a of outer impeller/turbine 8 and the perforated/telescopic cylinder 37 in the front section 7f, 8f of the inner and outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 7, 8 burning and creating combustion gases-steam which drive the blades 8a of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine 8 if the rotor 3 is rotatable.

The combustion gases-steam produced in the superheater 20 from the superheater 20 through the passage 35 enters into the combustion chamber 19 between the blades 8a of outer impeller/turbine 8 and the perforated/telescopic cylinder 37and drive the blades 8a of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine 8 if the rotor 3 is rotatable.

At the same time the blades of the back section 7b of the inner rotatable centrifugal impeller/turbine 7 suck the water/alcohol- water mixture or/and air from the back tank 13 and spray the blades cooling the rest of blades in the front section 7f evaporating into steam which drives the blades of the back section 8b of the outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine 8.

Industrial applicability The invention as a steam or/and gas hybrid turbofan engine on water or alcohol-water mixture (ethanol/methanol) combined with an electric induction motor/generator is applicable for power generation plants, industry, all type of vehicles, cars, busses, trucks, train, ships, submarines, and especially for aircrafts and rockets because of more efficient, less bulky and lighter engine of the invention operating on widely available water or alcohol-water mixture as the working fluid (in contrast to conventional steam turbines having boilers with very long tubular coils/tubes and combustion chamber) and AC network for starting the engine of the invention or/and for supplying the network with AC current.

The turbofan engine of the aircraft and other vehicles can start simply with a connection to AC network which is almost everywhere available or batteries with a converter of DC current into AC current.

During taking off of an aircraft, when the consumption of fuel is highest, the alcohol-water injection system as a part of the invention can be used more efficiently. Such system can be used during flights too in contrast to a conventional alcohol-water injection system which is used during take off mainly.

Generated AC current during taking off of an aircraft can be converted in DC-current for charging batteries or production of oxygen and hydrogen as a fuel to be used later on during the flight or propelling aircraft for vertical taking offdanding flying as a helicopter.

The turbofan engine of invention is suitable for inflation and for keeping a pressure against the ground during movement of a hovercraft car because it achieves much higher efficiency than conventional fans and heats its cabin during cold weather without extra cost for heating and can achieves almost all performances as a car even more like, for example, flying above water and other surfaces beside roads.

The turbofan of the invention is suitable for inflating hot air closed balloons/airship with steam and carbon dioxide as lifting gases in which steam is condensed into water for returning back for reheating into steam. The steam and carbon dioxide has a bigger mass than air.

In the USA ultralights (balloons with weight of max 70 kg with burners) are classified as vehicles and not aircraft and are thus not required to be registered nor is the pilot required to have a pilot license or certificate. So, balloons and hovercraft which meet such request concerning the weight can be used for individual/personal transportation especially in cities.

Also, the turbofan of the invention is suitable for small size power generation plants for generation of AC current for supplying the electric network especially which are nearby farms for production of the raw material for production of alcohol or its conversion.

Claims (10)

Patent Claims

1. . An alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) comprising: a rotor (3) of an induction motor/generator (2) which consists of a cylindrical metal core (3k) with a squirrel-cage (3c) in it having a number of inner sections (3s) extended toward the axis of the rotor (3) which form a number of cylindrical or CD-shaped cavities (4) between the side front (3f) and back cover (3b) of the rotor (3) which incorporate the side front (3r) and back ring plate (3t) of the squirrel-cage (3c), a tubular shaft (5) which is axially mounted to the squirrel-cage rotor (3) through the side front (31) and back cover (3b) of the rotor (3) and which forms ring passages (3p) between the cavities (4) in the rotor (3) and inner ends of inner sections (3s) inside the rotor (3), a front section (5f) and a back section (5b) of the tubular shaft (5) which are formed on sides of a plug (5p) mounted inside the tubular shaft (5), a stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) which poles (6p) are wound with windings (6w) which are connected to an AC network, a casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) which side front round cover (6r) and its side back round cover (6b) are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a double-stage turbine (7z) which consists of front sections (71), (8f) of inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) which backward-curved centrifugal blades (7a), (8a) are extended and divided with a solid middle plate (7p) forming back sections (7b), (8b) of inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a solid back cover (7s) which is mounted on the ends of blades (7a), (8a) of the back sections (7b), (8b) of inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) and which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a solid front cover (7c) which is mounted on the ends of blades (7a) of the front section (71) of inner impeller/turbine (7) and which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3) and which can be mounted to the round back cover (6b) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2), a perforated cylinder (37) incorporated in the spaces between the blades (7a), (8a) of the front sections (71), (8f) of inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) surrounding the blades (7a) of inner impeller/turbine (7) and between the blades (7a), (8a) of the back sections (7b), (8b) of inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) surrounding the blades (7a) of the inner impeller/turbine (7), a steam chamber (18) or combustion chamber which is formed between the blades (8a) of the front section (8f) of outer impeller/turbine (8) and the front perforated cylinder (37) on the front section (71) of the inner impeller/turbine (7), an air fan/compressor (9a) having a centrifugal impeller (9b) which round plate (9c) is mounted to the front side cover (6r) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2), an outer casing (10) which front part (10f) is mounted to the ring plate (9s) on ends of blades (9d) of the impeller (9b) of the air fan/compressor (9a) and which back part (10b) is mounted to the ring plate (8d) on the ends of blades (8a) of the front section (8f) of outer impeller/turbine (8), a cylindrical passage (25) which is formed between the outer casing (10) and the casing (6c) of the stator (6), a cylindrical stationary casing (11) which radial arms (11f), (11b) on its front and back openings (1 1z), (111) at its axis supports the rotatable or immobile tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3) and which surrounds the outer casing (10) and the blades (8a) of the front section (8f) of the outer impeller/turbine (8) changing direction of exhaust gases ejected from the front section (81) of the outer impeller/turbine (8) propelling the engine (1) forward, a front tank (12) for working fluid which is coupled through an inner coupling pipe (16) to the inlet opening of the front section (51) of the tubular shaft (5), a back tank (13) for working fluid which is coupled through an inner coupling pipe (16) to the inlet opening of the back section (5b) of the tubular shaft (5), a number of first outlet nozzles (14f) which are mounted on the front section (51) of the tubular shaft (5) which are inside the cavities (4) in the the rotor (3) for spraying inner sections (3s) of the rotor (3) with the working fluid coming from the front tank (12) having working fluid through a pump (15) and inner coupling pipe (16), a number of second outlet nozzles (14b) which are mounted on the back section (5b) of the tubular shaft (5) which are inside the space between blades (7a) of back section (7b) of inner impeller/turbine (7) for spraying the blades (7a) of back section (7b) of inner impeller/turbine (7) and indirectly cooling the blades (7a) in the front section (71) of inner impeller/turbine (7) actually cooling each solid blade along its whole length with the working fluid from the back tank (13) containing the working fluid or/and air, characterized in that the rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) which cylindrical core incorporates the single or double squirrel-cage (3c) acts as an evaporator/superheater (20) when its cylindrical or CD-shaped cavities (4) between the inner sections (3s) are supplied and sprayed with the working fluid from the front tank (12) through the first outlet nozzles (14f) on the front section (50) of the tubular shaft (5) which are inside the cavities (4) of the rotor (3), and when the squirrel-cage (3c) in the rotor (3) rotates slower as a motor or faster as a generator relative to the rotational magnetic field which is produced in the windings (6w) on the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) by alternating current which is supplied from the AC network or other AC source, and in that the back section (7b) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) of the double-stage centrifugal turbine (7z) acts as a centrifugal compressor/fan or pump or injector when it rotates making vacuum and sucking the working fluid from the back tank (13) or/and air from outside through the second outlet nozzles (14b) which are mounted on the back section (5b) of the tubular shaft (5) which are inside the space between the blades (7a) of the back section (7b) of inner impeller/turbine (7), and in that the back section (8b) of the outer impeller/turbine (8) of the double-stage centrifugal turbine (7z) acts as a centrifugal compressor/fan or pump or injector, and in that a number of first outlet nozzles (14f) act as an injector of the working fluid from the front tank (12) into the spaces of the cavities (4) of the rotor (3) cooling the rotor simultaneously evaporating into steam, and in that a number of second outlet nozzles (14b) act as an injector of the working fluid from the back tank (13) into the spaces of the back section (7b) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) cooling the blades (7a) simultaneously evaporating into steam.

2. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1 , in addition to comprising: a first middle section (5m) of the tubular shaft (5) which is between the front section (5f) and the back section (5b) of the tubular shaft (5) separated with plugs (5p) which small part with an inlet opening is inside the cavities (4) of the rotor (3) for conducting superheated working fluid from the rotor (3) while the rest is inside the space of the front section of inner impeller/turbine (7f) and its blades (7a), a number of outlet tangential/radial nozzles (17) which are mounted on the middle section (5m) of the tubular shaft (5) inside the space of the front section (7f) of inner impeller/turbine (7) and its blades (7a) for conducting superheated steam of working fluid from the rotor (3) into the space between blades (7a) of the front section (7f) of inner impeller/turbine (7) for driving the double-stage turbine (7z), a steam chamber (18) which is formed in the round space between the blades (7a) of the front section (7f) of inner impeller/turbine (7), a combustion chamber (19) or steam chamber which is formed in the ring space between the blades (7a), (8a) of the front sections (70, (80) of inner and outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (7), (8), characterized in that the front cover (7c) of the front section (70) of inner impeller/turbine (7) is mounted to the cover (6b) of the back side of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2), and that backward-curved blades (7a) of the front section (70) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) are driven by the superheated working fluid coming from the outlet tangential nozzles (17) mounted on the middle section (5m) of the tubular shaft (5) inside the space of the front section (70) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) which are supplied with the superheated working fluid from the rotor (3) through the inlet opening on the first middle section (5m) of the tubular shaft (5) which is extended into the cavities (4) of the rotor (3) partly replacing the front section (50) of the tubular shaft (5).

3. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1 or/and 2, in addition to comprising: a superheater (20) consisting of a number of CD-nozzles (22) each one inserted into another one through its telescopic-shaped rims (22r) and positioned between a front D-nozzle (22f) and a back C-nozzle (22b) which are mounted and sealed to the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), a cylindrical-shaped perforated casing (38) of the superheater (20) which front side cover (38f) is mounted to the cover (6b) of the back side of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) while the back side cover (38b) of its casing (20c) is mounted to the front cover (7c) of the inner impeller/turbine (7), a second middle section (5a) of the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) having an inlet (5h) inside the cavities (4) of rotor (3) while the rest of that section (5a) having outlet nozzles (5n) inside the cavities (22k) of CD-nozzles (22) of the superheater (20) conducting steam-vapor of working fluid from the rotor (3) into the superheater (20), a second middle section (5s) of the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) having an inlet (5i) inside the superheater (20) while the rest of that section (5s) having outlet nozzles (17) inside the front section (7f) of inner impeller/turbine (7) conducting superheated steam-vapor of working fluid from the superheater (20) into the space of blades (7a) of the front section (7f) of inner impeller/turbine (7) driving the double-stage impeller/turbine (7z), a combustion chamber (21) of the superheater (20) which is formed in the space between the superheater (20) and the cylindrical perforated casing (38) of the superheater (20), a cylindrical-shaped passage (35) between the outer casing (10) and the cylindrical perforated casing (38) of the superheater (20) which supplies air into the combustion chamber (21) of the superheater (20) and into the combustion chamber (19) or steam chamber which is formed in the space between the blades (7a), (8a) of front sections (7f), (81) of inner and outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (7), (8) with the front perforated cylinder (37) therebetween, characterized in that the superheater (20) which casing (20c) is incorporated between the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) and the front cover (7f) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) consists of a number of CD-nozzles (22) each one inserted into another one through its telescopic-shaped rims (22r) and positioned between the front D-nozzle (22f) and the back C-nozzle (22b) which are mounted and sealed to the extended part of the tubular shaft (5) of the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the D-section of each CD-nozzle (22) of the superheater (20) is wider than the C-section of the same CD-nozzle (22), and in that the telescopic-shaped rim (22r) of the C-section of each CD-nozzle (22) is inserted into the telescopic-shaped rim (22r) of the D-section of the adjacent CD-nozzle (22) forming a ring ejecting gap (23) or burner (24), and in that a cylindrical-shaped passage (36) for the working fluid coming from the rotor (3) is formed between the constricted section of each CD-nozzle (22) and the tubular shaft (5) of the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the first middle section (5a) of the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) which small part having the inlet (5h) is inside the cavities (4) of the squirrel-cage rotor (3) while the rest of that section (5a) having outlet nozzles (5n) is inside the cavities (22k) of the CD-nozzles (22) of the superheater (20) conducting steam-vapor of working fluid from the rotor (3) into the superheater (20), and in that the second middle section (5s) of the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) which small part having the inlet (5i) is inside the superheater (20) while the rest of that section having outlet nozzles (17) is inside the front section (7f) of the inner centrifugal impeller/turbine (7) conducting superheated steam-vapor of working fluid from the superheater (20) into the space of blades (7a) of the front section (7f) of the the inner centrifugal impeller/turbine (7) driving the impeller/turbine (7), and in that the combustion chamber (21) of the superheater (20) which is formed in the ring space between the cylindrical perforated casing (38) of the superheater (20) and the casing (20c) of the superheater (20), and in that the cylindrical-shaped passage (35) between the outer casing (10) and the cylindrical perforated casing (38) of the superheater (20) supplies air into the combustion chamber (21) of the superheater (20) and into the combustion chamber (19) or steam chamber which is formed in the ring space between the blades (7a), (8a) of the front sections (7f), (8f) of inner and outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (7), (8) with the front perforated cylinder (37) therebetween.

4. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1, 2 and 3, in addition to comprising: brushes (27) which connect the AC network with slip rings (26) mounted to a front tube (61) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a D-nozzle (28) of the stationary casing (11) mounted to the back part of the stationary casing (11) for redirecting exhaust gases and steam from an engine of an aircraft, rocket, or airship, flying at high altitude with low temperature, electric wire heating conductors (39) incorporated in the D-nozzle (28) and supplied with AC from the induction motor/generator (2) which preventing freezing of water vapor/steam coming from the outer turbine enables condensation of steam into water droplets to be rejected from the D-nozzle (28) outward for increasing thrust ejecting water droplets of bigger mass than combustion gases, characterized in that the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) and the outer casing (10), which are coupled together through blades (9d) of the air fan/compressor (9a) and blades (7a), (8a) of the inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) mounted on the round plates (9c), are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) through its tubular shaft (5) is immobile in the stationary casing (11) having the D-nozzle (28) forming a cone-shaped passage (28p) for directing exhaust gases-steam from a propulsion engine of an aircraft, rocket, or airship, and in that the windings (6w) on the poles (6p) on the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) are connected to the AC network through slip rings (26) mounted to the front tube (6f) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6), and in that electric wire heating conductors (39) incorporated in the D-nozzle (28) and supplied with AC from the induction motor/generator (2) prevent freezing of water vapor/steam which coming from the outer turbine (8) enabling condensation of steam into water droplets to be accelerated and ejected from the D-nozzle (28) for increasing thrust.

5. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1-3, in addition to comprising: brushes (27) which connect the AC network with slip rings (26) mounted to the front tube (61) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a flexible skirt (29) which is mounted to the back part of the stationary casing (11) and which surrounds the outer impeller/turbine (8) of the double-stage turbine (7z) having a vertical axis to be inflated by exhaust from the outer impeller/turbine (8), characterized in that the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) and the outer casing (10) which are coupled together through blades (9d) of the air fan/compressor (9a) and blades (7a), (8a) of the inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) mounted on their round plates (7p), (7s) are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) through its tubular shaft (5) is immobile in the stationary casing (11) which flexible skirt (29) mounted to its back part surrounding the outer impeller/turbine (8) forming an engine of a hovercraft, and in that a part of air/combustion gases which is ejected from the outer impeller/turbine (8) of the double-stage turbine (7z) into the skirt (29) of the hovercraft and rejected from the ground is returned into the air fan/compressor (9a) through the passage between the stationary casing (11) and the outer casing (10) and reheated in the combustion chamber (19) between blades (8a) of the outer impeller/turbine (8) in its front section and the perforated cylinder (37) acting as a lifting gas especially if it passes through an external ring/shape balloon, and in that another part of hot air/combustion gases which is ejected from the front section (8f) of outer impeller/turbine (8) of the double-stage turbine (7z) and redirected toward the ground by the flexible skirt (29) is sucked by the blades (7b) of back section (7b) of inner turbine (7) of the double-stage turbine (7z) in its back section (7b) acting as a centrifugal fan/compressor producing vacuum between its blades (7b), and in that at same time the blades (7a) of back section (7b) of inner turbine (7) accelerate and eject such hot air/combustion gases toward the blades (8a) of back section (8b) of outer turbine (8) in its back section (8b) which acts as a centrifugal fan/compressor compressing and accelerating hot air/combustion gases toward the flexible skirt (29) which redirect it toward the ground building pressure increasing thrust.

6. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1, 2 and 3, in addition to comprising: brushes (27) which connect the AC network with slip rings (26) mounted to the front tube (6f) of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) which is rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3), a propeller (30) of airplane, helicopter, boat, vessel or submarine which is mounted outside the engine on the front part of tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), characterized in that the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) and the outer casing (10) which are coupled together through blades (9d) of the air fan/compressor (9a) and blades (7a), (8a) of the inner and outer impeller/turbine (7), (8) mounted on their round plates (7p), (7s) are rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) through its tubular shaft (5) is rotatably mounted to the radial arms of the stationary casing (11) rotating inside the stator casing (6c) of the induction motor/generator (2), and in that the superheater (20) which is mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor is through the tubular shaft (5) rotatably mounted to the radial arms of the stationary casing (11) rotating inside the casing (20c) of the superheater (20), and in that the propeller (30) of an airplane, helicopter, boat, vessel or submarine is mounted outside the engine (1) on the front part of rotatable tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) and therefore rotates at lower speed in contrast to the relative speed between the rotatable stator (6) and the rotatable rotor (3).

7. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1-3, 4 or 5 or 6, in addition to comprising: an inner extra squirrel cage (31) which bars (31b) of high resistance are incorporated in the rotor core (3k) of a single or double-cage squirrel rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), a number of holes (3d) through the inner cylindrical or CD-shaped sections (3s) which are made parallely to the axis, characterized in that the bars (31 b) of high resistance of the inner extra squirrel cage (31) which are incorporated in the core (3k) of the rotor (3) of the single or double squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) act as a heating element powered on induced current due to slip relative to the rotating magnetic field of AC current from the AC network heating the working fluid inside the cavities (4) of the rotor (3) generating superheated working fluid and evaporating cooling the core of the rotor (3).

8. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1-3, 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, in addition to comprising: an extra generator (32) which stator (32s) having poles (32p) wound with windings (32w) is mounted to the front inner pail of the casing (6c) of the stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2), a permanent magnet rotor (33) mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2), an electrical wire connection (34) which connects windings (6w), (32w) of stator (6s), (32s) of the induction motor/generator (2) and the extra generator (32), characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor (33) of the extra generator (32) mounted on the tubular shaft (5) extending from the squirrel-cage rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) generates AC current in the windings (32w) on the stator (32s) of the extra generator (32) on the casing (6c) of the stator (6) supplying the windings (6w) on the stator (6s) of the induction motor/generator (2) instead of AC current from the AC network through the electrical wire connection (34).

9. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbofan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1 - 8, in addition to comprising: the alcohol-water mixture preferably with 25%-75% ethanol or methanol with the rest of water in the working fluid inside the front tank (12), water or alcohol-water mixture or/and air/oxygen as the working fluid inside the back tank (13), characterized in that the immobile or rotatable rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) of the engine (1) in its cavities (4) heats the alcohol-water mixture coming from the front tank (12) by induction during operation of the engine (1) as a motor or generator generating superheated steam-vapor richer with alcohol which reacts with the backward-curved blades (7a) in the front section(7t) of the inner impeller/turbine (7) of the double-stage centrifugal rotatable turbine (7z) driving such impeller/turbine (7) heating the blades becoming exhaust steam of lower temperature and pressure, and in that the exhaust steam-vapor richer with combustible alcohol is mixed with air in the space between the blades (7a), (8a) of the front inner and outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (7), (8) burning and creating combustion gases-steam which drive the blades (8a) of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (8) if the rotor (3) is immobile or rotatable, and in that at the same time the blades (7a) of the back section (7b) of the inner centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (7) suck in water or alcohol-water mixture from the back tank (13) or/and air which cool the rest of blades (7a) in the front section (71) evaporating into steam which drives the blades (8a) of the back section (8b) of the outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (8).

10. The alcohol-water mixture-operated hybrid turbo fan (9) engine (1) as claimed in Claim 1-8, in addition to comprising: the alcohol-water mixture preferably with 25%-75% ethanol or methanol with the rest of water in the working fluid inside the front tank (12), water or alcohol-water mixture or/and air/oxygen as the working fluid inside the back tank (13), characterized in that the rotatable rotor (3) of the induction motor/generator (2) of the engine (1) in its cavities (4) heats the alcohol-water mixture coming from the front tank (12) by induction during operation of the engine (1) as a motor or generator generating superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture richer with alcohol, and in that the superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture enters into the cavities (22k) of the superheater (20) from which it partly flows through the middle section (5m) of the tubular shaft (5) extending from the rotor (3) into the front section (7f) of the impeller/turbine (7) while the rest through the ring ejecting gap (23) flows into the combustion chamber (21) of the superheater (20) where is mixed with air burning and heating the CD-nozzles (22) increasing the temperature and pressure of the superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water mixture inside the superheater (20), and in that the superheated steam-vapor of alcohol-water of the highest temperature is ejected from the superheater (20) toward the backward-curved blades (7a) in the front section (7f) of the inner centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (7) causing rotation of the rotor (3) and the rotatable stator (6) of the induction motor/generator (2) with their components in the opposite direction each to other becoming exhaust steam of lower temperature and pressure heating the blades (7a), (8a) of the impeller/turbine (7), (8), and in that the exhaust steam-vapor richer with combustible alcohol is mixed with air in the combustion chamber (19) between the blades (8a) of outer impeller/turbine (8) and the perforated cylinder (37) in the front section (7f), (8f) of the inner and outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (7), (8) burning and creating combustion gases-steam which drive the blades (8a) of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (8) if the rotor (3) is rotatable, and in that the combustion gases-steam produced in the superheater (20) from the superheater (20) through the passage (35) enters into the combustion chamber (19) between the blades (8a) of outer impeller/turbine (8) and the perforated cylinder (37) and drive the blades (8a) of the outer centrifugal impeller/turbine (8) if the rotor (3) is rotatable, and in that at the same time the blades (7a) of the back section (7b) of the inner rotatable centrifugal impeller/turbine (7) suck the water/alcohol-water mixture or/and air from the back tank (13) and spray the blades (7a) cooling the rest of blades (7a) which are in the front section (71) evaporating into steam which drives the blades (8a) of the front section (8f) of the outer centrifugal rotatable impeller/turbine (8).